+-----+ +-------+ +------+
|home | =======> |foreign| ------> |mobile|
|agent| | agent | <------ | node |
+-----+ +-------+ +------+
1) Datagram to /|\ /
mobile node | / 4) For datagrams sent by the
arrives on | / mobile node, standard IP
home network | / routing delivers each to its
via standard | |_ destination. In this figure,
IP routing. +----+ the foreign agent is the
|host| mobile node's default router.
+----+
TCP port 25 +-----------------+
---------------------->| | #########
| Queue |<># Mail #
TCP port 25 | Manager | # Queue #
<----------------------| | #########
+-----------------+
Local * ^ Local * Local
IPC * | IPC * IPC
* | *
* | *
* | *
V | V
Non-SMTP +----------+ +----------+
Protocol | Gateway | | Local | #########
<==============>| Delivery | | Delivery |>># Mail #
| Agent | | Agent | # Spool #
+----------+ +----------+ #########
+---------------+
| Application |
| Specific MIBs |
+---------------+
|
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---------------+
|Other | |MTA| |DSA| | Application |
|services| |MIB| |MIB| | MIB |
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---------------+
| | | |
+--------------------+ +---------------+ +--------------+ +------+
| Network Services | | System | |Host Resources| |MIB-II|
| Monitoring MIB | |Application MIB|--| MIB |--| |
+--------------------+ +---------------+ +--------------+ +------+
+-----------+ write to disk
| Trace | ==============>
| Collector |
+-----------+
A
========================================|===== kernel boundary
+-----------------+ |
| Transport Layer | |
|-----------------| +------------------+
| Network Layer |------------>| Trace +------+ |
|-----------------| | Agent |buffer| |
| NI | NI | NI |------------>| +------+ |
+-----------------+ +------------------+
This figure illustrates the components of trace collection. The NI's
are network interfaces.
MANAGER
/ \
2.3 / \ 2.4
/ \
/ \ ANALYSIS
METER <-----> METER READER <-----> APPLICATION
2.2 2.7
Ignore
--- match(S->D) -------------------------------------------------+
| Suc | Fail |
| | Ignore |
| match(D->S) -----------------------------------------+
| | Suc | Fail |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | Suc |
| current(D->S) ---------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| | Fail |
| | |
| create(D->S) ----------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| |
| Suc |
current(S->D) ------------------ count(S->D,f) --------------+
| Fail |
| Suc |
current(D->S) ------------------ count(D->S,r) --------------+
| Fail |
| |
create(S->D) ------------------- count(S->D,f) --------------+
|
*
International |
Backbones/National ---------------
/ \
Regional/MidLevel ---------- ----------
/ \ \ / / \
Stub/Enterprise --- --- --- ---- ----
||| ||| ||| |||| ||||
End-Systems/Hosts xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx
Destination
+-------------------+-------------------+
| 32 | 64 |
+----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=0 | Accept 32 | Accept 32 |
| 32 +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=1 | N/A | N/A |
Source +----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=0 | Accept 32 | Accept 32 |
| 64 +-----+-------------------+-------------------+
| | W=1 | Reject | Accept 64 |
+----+-----+-------------------+-------------------+
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | HIPPI | Cable | HIPPI | |
| | +--------------------->| | |
| | Source | | Dest. | |
| System +--------+ +--------+ System |
| X +--------+ +--------+ Y |
| | HIPPI | Cable | HIPPI | |
| | |<---------------------+ | |
| | Dest. | | Source | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
+------+-------------------------+------+
| Idle | Connected | Idle | . . .
+------+-------------------------+------+
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|I-field| |Packet | |Packet | |Packet |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Burst| |Burst|...|Burst|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+------------------------------------------------+
REQUEST---+ +----
+--------------------------------------------+
CONNECT---------+ +--
+---------------------------------------+
PACKET-------------+ +----
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
READY------------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +--
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-----+
BURST--------------+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +--------
[resource]->[decoder]->[entity ]->[ SGML ]->[application]->[display]
[manager] [parser]
^ |
| |
+----------+
Global Internet
^
|
|
Back1-------------------Back2
| |
+-----------+ +----------+
| | | |
Reg1.1------Reg1.2 Reg2.1-----Reg2.2
| | | |
| | | |
Branch Branch Branch Branch
1.1.1 to 1.2.1 to 2.1.1 to 2.2.1 to
1.1.N 1.2.N 2.1.N 2.2.N
172.31.4.1/24 172.31.5.1/24
| |
| |
+-------------------------------------+
| Router 1 |
| |
| 10.1.0.1/16 |
| # |
+-------------------#-----------------+
| 172.31.1.1/24 # | 172.31.2.1/24
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| # |
| 172.31.1.2/24 # | 172.31.2.2/24
+-------------------#-----------------+
| Router 2 |
| |
| 10.1.0.2/16 |
| |
+-------------------------------------+
| |
| |
172.31.5.1/24 172.31.6.1/24
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | | | | |
| e0 | |s0 s0 | | |
|-------------| R1 |................| R2 |-------|
| 192.168.1.1 | 10.1.0.1/16| | 10.1.0.2/16| |
| /24 | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+
DMZ +--------+ Peri-
|---| Public | meter
+-----------+ | | Hosts | | +-----------+
From | External | | +--------+ |---| Internal |
Internet...| Screening |---| +--------+ | | Screening |
| Router | |---| Bastion|------| | Router |....To
+-----------+ | | Host | | +-----------+ Internal
| +--------+ | +-----------+ Network
| +--------+ |---| Dialup |
|---| Split | | | Access |
| | DNS | | | Server |
| +--------+ | +-----------+
GSS-API library defaults
|
|
V text, for
text --------------> internal_name (IN) -----------> display only
import_name() / display_name()
/
/
/
accept_sec_context() /
| /
| /
| / canonicalize_name()
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| |
V V <---------------------
single mechanism import_name() exported name: flat
internal_name (MN) binary "blob" usable
----------------------> for access control
export_name()
+- -+
| MTU - sizeof(IPv6_hdrs) - UDP_hdrlen - RIPng_hdrlen |
#RTEs = INT | --------------------------------------------------- |
| RTE_size |
+- -+
----- ----- ----- -----
|IR1| |IR2| |XR1| |XR2|
--+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
| | | |
--+-------+-------------+-------+--
|--------RIPng--------|
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
|=======| |===|
| Leftmost Bits Repeated to Fill Open Bits
|
Original Bits
+--------+----~~----+---+--~~--+---+-----------+---+---+
| opc=1 | filename | 0 | mode | 0 | multicast | 0 | 0 |
+--------+----~~----+---+--~~--+---+-----------+---+---+
+-------+-----------+---+-------~~-------+---+
| opc | multicast | 0 | addr, port, mc | 0 |
+-------+-----------+---+-------~~-------+---+
-------------- --------- ---------
| RIP | | RIP | | SAP |
-------------- --------- ---------
| | |
-------------- | |
| UDP | | |
-------------- | |
| | |
-------------- ----------------
| IP | | IPX |
-------------- ----------------
| |
-------------------------------------------
| Circuit Manager |
-------------------------------------------
||||||||||
||||||||||
---------------------------
| Connection Oriented |
| WAN stack |
---------------------------
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages__________|____Net_Member_B____|
|The Create Group |<---- Command-Create Group | |
|command is | | |
|received by net | | |
|member A. | | |
|State 1 | | |
| |Create Grp Keys_1----> | |
| | |State 2 |
| |<-----Create Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 2 | | |
| |Negotiate Grp Keys_1------> | |
| | |State 3 |
| |<-----Negotiate Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 4 | | |
Figure 1: State Diagram: Create Group Keys
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_members,individual|
| |Create Session KEK_1----> | |
| | |State 5 |
| |<-----Create Session KEK_2 | |
|State 5 | | |
| |Negotiate ess. Keys_1----->| |
| | |State 6 |
| |<-----NegotiateSess. Keys_2| |
|State 7 | | |
| |Download Grp Keys--------> | |
| | |State 8 |
| |<----- Key download ack | |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 2: State Diagram: Distribute Keys
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_members,individual|
|The Create Group |<---- Command-Create Group | |
|command is | | |
|received by net | | |
|member A. | | |
|State 1 | | |
| |Create Grp Keys_1----> | |
| | |State 2 |
| |<-----Create Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 2 | | |
| |Negotiate Grp Keys_1------>| |
| | |State 3 |
| |<-----Negotiate Grp Keys_2 | |
|State 4 | | |
| |Rekey _Multicast-------> | |
| | |State 10 |
Figure 3: State Diagram: Rekey
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages________|Net_Members,individual|
| |<------ Request_Group_Join | |
|State 11 | | |
| |Create Session KEK_1----> | |
| | |State 5 |
| |<-----Create Session KEK_2 | |
|State 5 | | |
| |NegotiateSess. Keys_1----->| |
| | |State 6 |
| |<-----NegotiateSess. Keys_2| |
|State 7 | | |
| |Download Grp Keys--------> | |
| | |State 8 |
| |<----- Key download ack | |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 4: State Diagram: Member Join
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages__________|_____Net_Members_____|
| |Delete_Group_Keys ------> | |
| | |State 12 |
| |<------ Grp_Keys_Deleted_Ack| |
|State 9 | | |
Figure 5: State Diagram: Cooperative Delete
|___Net_Controller___|__________Messages____________|_____Net_Members__|
| |Delete_Group_Keys ------> | |
| | |State 13 |
Figure 6: State Diagram: Hostile Delete
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
IP subnet X IP subnet Y IP subnet Z
<---------------------> <-----------------> <--------------------->
+-------+ Default +-------+ Default +-------+ Default +-------+
| | -VC | CSR 1 | -VC | CSR 2 | -VC | |
| Host +=============+ +===============+ +=============+ Host |
| X.1 +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ Z.1 |
| +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ |
| +-------------+++++---------------+++++-------------+ |
| |Dedicated | | Dedicated | |Dedicated | |
+-------+ -VCs +-------+ -VCs +-------+ -VCs +-------+
<--------------------------------------------------->
Bypass-pipe
Ether Ether ATM ATM Ether Ether
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | | | | | | |
S1--| S2---| S3---| | | |---D3 |---D2 |--D1
| | | | | | | |
|---R1---|---R2---| |--R3--| |---R4---|---R5---|
| | | | | | | |
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
subnet subnet subnet subnet subnet subnet
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
(Re-mapping location)
|
v
-----------------------------------------
| |Source | Home | Routers |
-----------------------------------------
(Assoc. |Centralized | A1 | X | X |
maint)-> ----------------------------------------
|Distributed | X | A2 | A3 |
----------------------------------------
+-----------+ +-----------+ +---------+
| Mainframe | | IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+--+--------+ +-----+-----+ | Work |
| | | Station |
| | +---------+
+--+--+ +-------------+ |
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw Router +-- IP Backbone
+-----+ +-------------+ |
|
|
+-----------+ +---------+
| IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+-----+-----+ | Work |
| Station |
+---------+
| DLSw Session |
+-------------------------------+
Figure 2-1. Running DLSw on a large number of workstations creates a
scalability problem.
| DLSw Session | | DRAP Session |
+--------------+ +--------------+
Figure 2-2. DLSw Remote Access Protocol solves the scalability problem.
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| DRAP Header | DRAP Data | User Data |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
Figure 3-1. DRAP Frame Format
==================================
| | | |
| | | |
e1 d1 d4 d7
/ \ |
/ \ |
d2 d3 d5
|
|
d6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10010100|00000100| 2 octet value |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
+-----------+ +-----------+ +---------+
| Mainframe | | IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+--+--------+ +-----+-----+ | Work |
| | | Station |
| | +---------+
+--+--+ +-------------+ |
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw Router +-- IP Backbone
+-----+ +-------------+ |
|
|
+-----------+ +---------+
| IP Router +- ppp -+ DLSw |
+-----+-----+ | Work |
| Station |
+---------+
| DLSw Session |
+-------------------------------+
Figure 2-1. Running DLSw on a large number of workstations creates a
scalability problem.
+-----------+ +--------+
| Mainframe | | DCAP |
+--+--------+ +-----+ Client |
| | +--------+
| ppp
| |
+--+--+ +--------+ +------+------+
| FEP +- TR -+ DLSw +-- IP Backbone --+ DLSw Router |
+-----+ | Router | | DCAP Server |
+--------+ +------+------+
|
ppp
| +--------+
+-----+ DCAP |
| Client |
+--------+
| DLSw Session | | DCAP Session |
+----------------------+ +--------------+
Figure 2-2. DLSw Client Access Protocol solves the scalability
problem.
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
| DCAP Header | DCAP Data | User Data |
+-------------+-----------+-----------+
Figure 3-1. DCAP Frame Format
TCP Session Up
<-------------
CAP_EXCHANGE (cmd)
<-------------
CAP_EXCHANGE (cmd)
------------->
CAP_EXCHANGE (rsp)
------------->
TEST(P) CAN_U_REACH
<-------- <-------------
TEST(F) I_CAN_REACH
--------> ------------->
START_DL
<-------------
DL_STARTED
------------->
XID(P) XID_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
XID(F) XID_FRAME
--------> ------------->
XID(P) XID_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
SABME CONTACT_STN
--------> ------------->
UA STN_CONTACTED
<-------- <-------------
I FRAME INFO_FRAME
<-------- <-------------
I FRAME INFO_FRAME
--------> ------------->
DISC HALT_DL
<-------- <-------------
UA DL_HALTED
--------> ------------->
CLOSE_PEER_REQ
<-------------
CLOSE_PEER_RSP
------------->
TCP session down
<-------------
IP (ipaddrEntry 1 ) IP (ipaddrEntry 2) IP (ipaddrEntry 3)
| | |
| | |
| | proprietary protocol
| | layer (ifIndex 3)
| | |
| | |
DLCI 20 DLCI 30 DLCI 40/41/42
(ifIndex 2) (ifIndex 2) (ifIndex 2,
logical ifIndex 3)
| | |
| | |
|____________________|_____________________|
|
|
FR DLMCI (ifIndex.2)
|
|
Physical Interface (ifIndex.1)
.
Etc. / \
/ \
/ o \
/ / \ \
Replicated / / \ \
Area --------------/--/-> \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
Subordinate /__/_____________\__\
knowledge--------/-> o o o \
/ / \ \
Prescriptive---/-> o o \
ACI Subentries/ \
Unit of Replication
,--------------------. ,--------------------.
| FAS | | Switch |
| | | CCE |
`--+----+----+-------' `------+-----+----+--'
^ | ^ ^ | ^ | ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | | | | | AR | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | '--------------' | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | ARA | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | '------------------' | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | FUA | | | | | | |
| | | | | | `------------------------' | | | | | |
| | | | | | FUN | | | | | |
| | | | | `----------------------------' | | | | |
| | | | | FCR | | | | |
| | | | `----------------------------------' | | | |
| | | | FCA | | | |
| | | `--------------------------------------' | | |
| | | FAU | | |
| | '--------------------------------------------' | |
| | FAA | |
| `------------------------------------------------' |
| FAR |
`----------------------------------------------------'
Transport Service User
|
|-ISO Transport Service Definition [ISO8072]
|
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transport Service Provider |
| ISO Transport Protocol Specification [ISO8073] |
+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|-ISO Network Service Definition [ISO8348]
|
Transport Service User
|
|-ISO Transport Service (modified)
|
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Transport Service Provider |
| ISO Transport Protocol (modified) Specification |
+--------------------------------------------------+
|
|-TCP as a Connection Oriented Network Service
|
+--------+--------+----------------+-----------....---------------+
|version |reserved| packet length | TPDU |
+----------------------------------------------....---------------+
<8 bits> <8 bits> < 16 bits > < variable length >
+---------------------------------------------+----------------------+
| Proposed in CR TPDU | CC TPDU |
| | |
|Preferred class | Alternative class | Response |
+--------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| | | |
|class 0 | none | class 0 |
| | | |
|class 2 | class 0 | class 2 or 0 |
| | | |
|class 2 | none | class 2 |
| | | |
+---------------------------------------------+----------------------+
+------+ +----+ +----+
|x25ple| |isdn| |isdn| Terminal Endpoints (X.25 or ISDN)
+--+---+ +-+--+ +-+--+
| | |
| +------+ | | | <== Interface to upper layers,
| | +------------+ | | to be provided by ifStack
| | | | | table
++-+-++ +-+-+ +-+-+
|lapd | D channel |ds0| |ds0| B channels
+--+--+ Data Link Layer +-+-+ +-+-+
| | |
+--+----------------------+------+--------------------+
| ds1 or isdns/isdnu |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Protocol |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| | | | | | | | | | <== appears active
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| PPP | | PPP | | F/R | | PPP | | F/R |
| for | | for | | for | | for | | for | ifEntry with
|Peer1| |Peer2| |switch |Peer3| |switch shadow PeerEntry
| | | | | A | | | | B |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | <== some actually are
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| B | | B | | B | | B | | B |
|channel| |channel| |channel| |channel| |channel|
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| Basic/Primary Rate Interface |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Network Layer Protocol |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| | | | | | | | | | <== appears active
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| PPP | | PPP | | F/R | | PPP | | F/R |
| for | | for | | for | | for | | for | ifEntry with
|Peer1| |Peer2| |switch |Peer3| |switch shadow PeerEntry
| | | | | A | | | | B |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | <== some actually are
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| B | | B | | B | | B | | B |
|channel| |channel| |channel| |channel| |channel|
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +------+
| Basic/Primary Rate Interface |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+--+ Ethernet +--+ +-----+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ Ethernet +--+
|H1|----------|R1|---| ATM |---|R2|---| ATM |---|R3|----------|H2|
+--+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ +-----+ +--+ +--+
trigger pkt
|----------> trigger packet
|-------------> trigger packet
FANP |--------------> trigger pkt
<=============> FANP |----------->
<==============>
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| PROPOSE |
|===============================>|
VCID | [VCID, target IP] |
negotiation | PROPOSE ACK |
|<===============================|
| [VCID] |
| |
| OFFER |
|===============================>|
Flow-ID | [VCID, flow-ID] |
notification | READY |
|<===============================|
| [VCID, flow-ID] |
| |
: : :
: : :
| READY |
|<===============================|
Dedicated-VC | [VCID, flow-ID] |
refresh | READY |
|<===============================|
| [VCID, flow-ID] |
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| |
| REMOVE |
|================================>|
| [VCID] |
| |
| REMOVE ACK |
|<================================|
| [VCID] |
+--+ +--+
|R1|------------------------------|R2|
+--+ +--+
| ATM signaling |
| (release) |
|<===============================>|
| |
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | ____________/ |
| \________ | /DHCPOFFER |
| DHCPOFFER\ |/ |
| \ | |
| Collects replies |
| \| |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/ DHCPREQUEST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | |
| Initialization complete |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| |\ ____________ |
| | DHCPRELEASE \|
| | |
| | Discards lease
| | |
v v v
Figure 3: Timeline diagram of messages exchanged between DHCP
client and servers when allocating a new network address
v v v
| | |
| Begins |
| initialization |
| | |
| /|\ |
| _________ __/ | \__________ |
| /DHCPREQU EST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
|/ | \|
| | |
Locates | Locates
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | /|
| \ | ___________/ |
| \ | / DHCPACK |
| \ _______ |/ |
| DHCPACK\ | |
| Initialization |
| complete |
| \| |
| | |
| (Subsequent |
| DHCPACKS |
| ignored) |
| | |
| | |
v v v
-------- -------
| | +-------------------------->| |<-------------------+
| INIT- | | +-------------------->| INIT | |
| REBOOT |DHCPNAK/ +---------->| |<---+ |
| |Restart| | ------- | |
-------- | DHCPNAK/ | | |
| Discard offer | -/Send DHCPDISCOVER |
-/Send DHCPREQUEST | | |
| | | DHCPACK v | |
----------- | (not accept.)/ ----------- | |
| | | Send DHCPDECLINE | | |
| REBOOTING | | | | SELECTING |<----+ |
| | | / | | |DHCPOFFER/ |
----------- | / ----------- | |Collect |
| | / | | | replies |
DHCPACK/ | / +----------------+ +-------+ |
Record lease, set| | v Select offer/ |
timers T1, T2 ------------ send DHCPREQUEST | |
| +----->| | DHCPNAK, Lease expired/ |
| | | REQUESTING | Halt network |
DHCPOFFER/ | | | |
Discard ------------ | |
| | | | ----------- |
| +--------+ DHCPACK/ | | |
| Record lease, set -----| REBINDING | |
| timers T1, T2 / | | |
| | DHCPACK/ ----------- |
| v Record lease, set ^ |
+----------------> ------- /timers T1,T2 | |
+----->| |<---+ | |
| | BOUND |<---+ | |
DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK, | | | T2 expires/ DHCPNAK/
DHCPNAK/Discard ------- | Broadcast Halt network
| | | | DHCPREQUEST |
+-------+ | DHCPACK/ | |
T1 expires/ Record lease, set | |
Send DHCPREQUEST timers T1, T2 | |
to leasing server | | |
| ---------- | |
| | |------------+ |
+->| RENEWING | |
| |----------------------------+
----------
Figure 5: State-transition diagram for DHCP clients
. (root)
|
+-----------------+-----------+--------+-----------------+...
| | | |
edu it us fr
| | | |
+---+---+... +-----+-----+... +-----+-----+... +--+---+...
| | | | | | | | | |
... ... cnr X42D infn va ca X42D X42D inria
| | | |
+------------+------------+... ... ... +----+-------+...
| | | | |
ADMD-PtPostel ADMD-garr ADMD-Master400 ADMD-atlas ADMD-red
| | | |
+----------+----+... ... +-------+------+... ...
| | | |
PRMD-infn PRMD-STET PRMD-Telecom PRMD-Renault
| | | |
... ... ... ...
parse single attribute
(enclosed in "." separators)
|
(yes) --- <label>$@ ? --- (no)
| |
map to <label> (no) <label>$<blank> ? (yes)
| | |
| map to <label>- map to <label>"b"
| | |
| map "\." to -d- |
| | |
| map "-" to -h- |
| | |
| map non A/N char to -<3digit>- |
restart | | |
^ | remove (if any) last "-" |
| | | |
| \-------> add a "." <--------------/
| |
\---------- take next attribute (if any)
parse single attribute
(enclosed in "." separators)
|
(yes) ---- <label> ? ---- (no)
| |
map to <label>$@ (no) <label>"b" ? (yes)
| | |
| map to <label>$ map to <label>$<blank>
| | |
| map -d- to "\." |
| | |
| map -h- to "-" |
| | |
| map -b- to " " |
restart | | |
^ | map -<3digit>- to non A/N char |
| | | |
| \--------> add a "." <----------/
| |
\------------- take next attribute (if any)
====== ___ ======
| | --------- __/ \__ --------- | |
| | __| _|_ |__ / IP \ __| _|_ |__ | |
====== | | | < Network > | | | ======
/______\ --------- \__ __/ --------- /______\
Origin Origin DLSw \___/ Target DLSw Target
Station partner partner Station
TEST_cmd DLC_RESOLVE_C CANUREACH_ex TEST_cmd
-----------> -----------> -----------> ---------->
TEST_rsp DLC_RESOLVE_R ICANREACH_ex TEST_rsp
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------
null XID DLC_XID
-----------> ----------->
circuit_start
TCP Connection Setup
<------------->
Capabilities Exch.
<------------->
CANUREACH_cs DLC_START_DL
-----------> ----------->
resolve_pending
ICANREACH_cs DLC_DL_STARTED
<----------- <-------------
circuit_established circuit_pending
REACH_ACK
-----------> circuit_established
XIDFRAME DLC_XID null XID
-----------> ---------> -------->
XID DLC_XID XIDFRAME DLC_XID XID
<-------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <--------
XIDs DLC_XIDs XIDFRAMEs DLC_XIDs XIDs
<----------> <----------> <------------> <------------> <--------->
SABME DLC_CONTACTED CONTACT DLC_CONTACT SABME
-----------> -----------> -----------> -----------> -------->
connect_pending contact_pending
UA DLC_CONTACT CONTACTED DLC_CONTACTED UA
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <--------
connected connected
IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs
<----------> <-----------> <------------> <------------> <-------->
====== ___ ======
| | --------- __/ \__ --------- | |
| | __| _|_ |__ / IP \ __| _|_ |__ | |
====== | | | < Network > | | | ======
/______\ --------- \__ __/ --------- /______\
Origin Origin DLSw \___/ Target DLSw Target
Station partner partner Station
NAME_QUERY DLC_DGRM NETBIOS_NQ_ex DLC_DGRM NAME_QUERY
-----------> -----------> -----------> -----------> --------->
NAME_RECOG DLC_DGRM NETBIOS_NR_ex DLC_DGRM NAME_RECOG
<----------- <------------ <----------- <----------- <---------
CANUREACH_cs DLC_START_DL
-----------> ----------->
resolve_pending
ICANREACH_cs DLC_DL_STARTED
<----------- <-----------
circuit_established circuit_pending
REACH_ACK
-----------> circuit_established
CONTACT DLC_CONTACT SABME
-----------> -----------> --------->
connect_pending contact_pending
UA DLC_CONTACT CONTACTED DLC_CONTACTED UA
<--------- <----------- <----------- <----------- <---------
connected connected
IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs DLC_INFOs IFRAMEs
<------------> <------------> <------------> <------------> <-------->
------------------------------------------------------------------
| bb_high_layer_information |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| high_layer_information_type 3 (vendor-specific |
| application id.) |
| high_layer_information 00-60-D7 (EPFL OUI) |
| 01-00-00-01 (Arequipa) |
------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------+ +--------+
| Frame +----------------------+ Frame |
| Switch +--------+ +--------+ Switch |
+--+-----+ +-+----+-+ +--------+
| | Frame | +--------+
+--+-----+ | Switch | +--------+ | Frame |
| Frame | +-----+--+ | Frame +------+ Switch |
| Switch | +---------+ Switch | ++-------+
+-------++ +--------+ |
|________________________________________|
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
| | | | |
| Flag | Address | Control | Protocol |
| 01111110 | 8bits | 00000011 | 16 bits |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
+-------------+------------+----------+-----------
| | | | Inter-frame
| Information | FCS | Flag | fill or next
| | 16/32 bits | 01111110 | address
+-------------+------------+----------+------------
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| | node addr |1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| |port number|1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
+-----------+------------+
I command I address I
+-----------+------------+
I<- 32bit ->I<- 32 bit ->I
---- address request ----> 0x01
0x03 <---- address assignment ----
+------+ +------+
| node +--------------------------------+ node |
+------+ +------+
0x01 <---- address request ----
---- address assignment ----> 0x03
---- address request ----> 0x01
+------+ --- address assignment --> 0x03
| +-------------->-----------------+
| node + |
| +--------------<-----------------+
+------+
Switch Number(variable length)
|
| +--- Port Number
| |
V V
|<->|<------->|
+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | |
| | |1|
+-+-----------+-+
^ ^
| |
| +------- EA bit (always 1)
|
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
The Last Update Expiration Garbage Collection
| | |
Routing V T T T V T T T V
Table +-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------X
Entry metric < 16 | metric = 16 |
----------------------->|---------------------->|
EXPIRATION_TIMER GC_TIMER
Stop Advertising
|
Advertised V
Metric -- metric <16 ------+-- metric = 16 -------X
0F 0D 0B 09 07 05 03 01 --- port number
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | --- 1: forward
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 0: inhibit
First Update Last Update
| |
V T T T T T T T V
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
A bit in
the routing 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
table ^ ^
<--------->| <--------->|
^ route up ^ route down
| |
FORWARD_DELAY PORT_EXPIRATION
+----------+---------------------+----------+
| | | |
| Flag | Address | Protocol |
| 01111110 | 16bits | 16 bits |
+----------+---------------------+----------+
+-------------+------------+----------+-----------
| | | | Inter-frame
| Information | FCS | Flag | fill or next
| | 16/32 bits | 01111110 | address
+-------------+------------+----------+------------
+-------------+-+-------------+-+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | node addr |0| node addr |1|
+-+-----------+-+-------------+-+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | +------- EA bit (always 1)
| +------- EA bit (always 0)
1 : broadcast, multicast
0 : unicast
* |RT1|RT2|
+---+Ia +---+ * ------------
|RT1|------|RT2| T RT1| | X |
+---+ Ib+---+ O RT2| X | |
* Ia| | X |
* Ib| X | |
**FROM**
+---+ *
|RT7| * |RT7| N3|
+---+ T ------------
| O RT7| | |
+----------------------+ * N3| X | |
N3 *
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10|11|12|N3|N6|N8|N9|
----- ---------------------------------------------
RT1| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT2| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT3| | | | | |6 | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT4| | | | |8 | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT5| | | |8 | |6 |6 | | | | | | | | | |
RT6| | |8 | |7 | | | | |5 | | | | | | |
RT7| | | | |6 | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT8| | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT9| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
T RT10| | | | | |7 | | | | | | | |0 |0 | |
O RT11| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |0 |
* RT12| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
* N1|3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N2| |3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N6| | | | | | |1 |1 | |1 | | | | | | |
N7| | | | | | | |4 | | | | | | | | |
N8| | | | | | | | | |3 |2 | | | | | |
N9| | | | | | | | |1 | |1 |1 | | | | |
N10| | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | | |
N11| | | | | | | | |3 | | | | | | | |
N12| | | | |8 | |2 | | | | | | | | | |
N13| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N15| | | | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | |
H1| | | | | | | | | | | |10| | | | |
|RT12|N9|N10|H1| |RT9|RT11|RT12|N9|
* -------------------- * ----------------------
* RT12| | | | | * RT9| | | |0 |
T N9|1 | | | | T RT11| | | |0 |
O N10|2 | | | | O RT12| | | |0 |
* H1|10 | | | | * N9| | | | |
* *
RT12's router-LSA N9's network-LSA
RT6(origin)
RT5 o------------o-----------o Ib
/|\ 6 |\ 7
8/8|8\ | \
/ | \ 6| \
o | o | \7
N12 o N14 | \
N13 2 | \
N4 o-----o RT3 \
/ \ 5
1/ RT10 o-------o Ia
/ |\
RT4 o-----o N3 3| \1
/| | \ N6 RT7
/ | N8 o o---------o
/ | | | /|
RT2 o o RT1 | | 2/ |9
/ | | |RT8 / |
/3 |3 RT11 o o o o
/ | | | N12 N15
N2 o o N1 1| |4
| |
N9 o o N7
/|
/ |
N11 RT9 / |RT12
o--------o-------o o--------o H1
3 | 10
|2
|
o N10
...........................
. + .
. | 3+---+ . N12 N14
. N1|--|RT1|\ 1 . \ N13 /
. | +---+ \ . 8\ |8/8
. + \ ____ . \|/
. / \ 1+---+8 8+---+6
. * N3 *---|RT4|------|RT5|--------+
. \____/ +---+ +---+ |
. + / \ . |7 |
. | 3+---+ / \ . | |
. N2|--|RT2|/1 1\ . |6 |
. | +---+ +---+8 6+---+ |
. + |RT3|------|RT6| |
. +---+ +---+ |
. 2/ . Ia|7 |
. / . | |
. +---------+ . | |
.Area 1 N4 . | |
........................... | |
.......................... | |
. N11 . | |
. +---------+ . | |
. | . | | N12
. |3 . Ib|5 |6 2/
. +---+ . +----+ +---+/
. |RT9| . .........|RT10|.....|RT7|---N15.
. +---+ . . +----+ +---+ 9 .
. |1 . . + /3 1\ |1 .
. _|__ . . | / \ __|_ .
. / \ 1+----+2 |/ \ / \ .
. * N9 *------|RT11|----| * N6 * .
. \____/ +----+ | \____/ .
. | . . | | .
. |1 . . + |1 .
. +--+ 10+----+ . . N8 +---+ .
. |H1|-----|RT12| . . |RT8| .
. +--+SLIP +----+ . . +---+ .
. |2 . . |4 .
. | . . | .
. +---------+ . . +--------+ .
. N10 . . N7 .
. . .Area 2 .
.Area 3 . ................................
..........................
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |7 |N3|
----- -------------------
RT1| | | | | | |0 |
RT2| | | | | | |0 |
RT3| | | | | | |0 |
* RT4| | | | | | |0 |
* RT5| | |14|8 | | | |
T RT7| | |20|14| | | |
O N1|3 | | | | | | |
* N2| |3 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | |
Ia,Ib| | |20|27| | | |
N6| | |16|15| | | |
N7| | |20|19| | | |
N8| | |18|18| | | |
N9-N11,H1| | |29|36| | | |
N12| | | | |8 |2 | |
N13| | | | |8 | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | |
N15| | | | | |9 | |
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT
|3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |10|11|
------------------------
RT3| | | |6 | | | |
RT4| | |8 | | | | |
RT5| |8 | |6 |6 | | |
RT6|8 | |7 | | |5 | |
RT7| | |6 | | | | |
* RT10| | | |7 | | |2 |
* RT11| | | | | |3 | |
T N1|4 |4 | | | | | |
O N2|4 |4 | | | | | |
* N3|1 |1 | | | | | |
* N4|2 |3 | | | | | |
Ia| | | | | |5 | |
Ib| | | |7 | | | |
N6| | | | |1 |1 |3 |
N7| | | | |5 |5 |7 |
N8| | | | |4 |3 |2 |
N9-N11,H1| | | | | | |11|
N12| | |8 | |2 | | |
N13| | |8 | | | | |
N14| | |8 | | | | |
N15| | | | |9 | | |
+----+
|RT10|------+
+----+ \+-------------+
/ \ |Routing Table|
/ \ +-------------+
/ \
+------+ / \ +--------+
|Area 2|---+ +---|Backbone|
+------+***********+ +--------+
/ \ * / \
/ \ * / \
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ +------------+
|Interface| |Interface| |Virtual Link| |Interface Ib|
| to N6 | | to N8 | | to RT11 | +------------+
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ |
/ \ | | |
/ \ | | |
+--------+ +--------+ | +-------------+ +------------+
|Neighbor| |Neighbor| | |Neighbor RT11| |Neighbor RT6|
| RT8 | | RT7 | | +-------------+ +------------+
+--------+ +--------+ |
|
+-------------+
|Neighbor RT11|
+-------------+
+----+ UnloopInd +--------+
|Down|<--------------|Loopback|
+----+ +--------+
|
|InterfaceUp
+-------+ | +--------------+
|Waiting|<-+-------------->|Point-to-point|
+-------+ +--------------+
|
WaitTimer|BackupSeen
|
|
| NeighborChange
+------+ +-+<---------------- +-------+
|Backup|<----------|?|----------------->|DROther|
+------+---------->+-+<-----+ +-------+
Neighbor | |
Change | |Neighbor
| |Change
| +--+
+---->|DR|
+--+
+-------+
|ExStart|
+-------+
|
NegotiationDone|
+->+--------+
|Exchange|
+--+--------+
|
Exchange|
Done |
+----+ | +-------+
|Full|<---------+----->|Loading|
+----+<-+ +-------+
| LoadingDone |
+------------------+
Down Down
Hello(DR=0,seen=0)
------------------------------>
Hello (DR=RT2,seen=RT1,...) Init
<------------------------------
ExStart D-D (Seq=x,I,M,Master)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y,I,M,Master) ExStart
<------------------------------
Exchange D-D (Seq=y,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Master) Exchange
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
...
...
...
D-D (Seq=y+n, Master)
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+n, Slave)
Loading ------------------------------>
LS Request Full
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
LS Request
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
Full
....................................
. 192.1.2 Area 1 .
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ _______N3 .
. + \/ \ . 1+---+
. * 192.1.1 *------|RT4|
. + /\_______/ . +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+8 . 6+---+
. | |RT3|----------------|RT6|
. + +---+ . +---+
. 192.1.3 |2 . 18.10.0.6|7
. | . |
. +------------+ .
. 192.1.4 (N4) .
....................................
. Area 1 (transit) . +
. . |
. +---+1 1+---+100 |
. |RT2|----------|RT4|=========|
. 1/+---+********* +---+ |
. /******* . |
. 1/*Virtual . |
1+---+/* Link . Net|work
=======|RT1|* . | N1
+---+\ . |
. \ . |
. \ . |
. 1\+---+1 1+---+20 |
. |RT3|----------|RT5|=========|
. +---+ +---+ |
. . |
........................ +
......................... .......................
. . . .
. h1 . . |-h2 .
. | . . | .
. H3---R1--------R2---------------r5----r9----+ .
. | | . . | |-H7 .
. | | . . | .
. | | . . | .
. H4---R3--------R4---------------r6----r8-----H8 .
. . . .
......................... .......................
Region A (Dual Routers) Region B (IPv4-only Rtrs)
T H E I N T E R N E T
===========================
| ||
| ||
| ||
| ||
| +----------------------+
| | |
| | PARENT |
| | CACHE |
| | |
| +----------------------+
| ||
DIRECT ||
RETRIEVALS ||
| ||
| HITS
| AND
| MISSES
| RESOLVED
| ||
| ||
| ||
V \/
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | | |
| LOCAL |/--------HITS-------| SIBLING |
| CACHE |\------RESOLVED-----| CACHE |
| | | |
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
V V V V V
===================
CACHE CLIENTS
ESROS ------------------- ------------------- ESROS
User | Layer above ESROS | | Layer above ESROS | User
(Invoker) | | | | (Performer)
------------------- -------------------
^ | | ^
| | | |
v | | v
ESROS ------------------- ------------------- ESROS
Provider | ESROS | | ESROS | Provider
------------------- -------------------
| |
| |
| |
------------------- -------------------
| UDP | | UDP |
------------------- -------------------
_ _/
_ _/
_ . _/
_ . .* . _/
. * .* .
* . *
Invoker Performer
ESRO SAP ESRO SAP
| |
| |
ESROS-INVOKE.req. | | ESROS-INVOKE.ind.
-------->-----------| |-------->---------
| |
ESROS-INVOKE-P.conf.| |
--------<-----------| |
| |
| |
| |
ESROS-RESULT.ind. | | ESROS-RESULT.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-RESULT.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| |
ESROS-ERROR.ind. | | ESROS-ERROR.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-ERROR.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| |
| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
--------<-----------| |-------->---------
| |
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-INVOKE.req. | | ESROS-INVOKE.ind.
-------->-----------| |-------->---------
| |
ESROS-INVOKE-P.conf.| |
--------<-----------| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | |
--------<-----------| |
| |
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-RESULT.ind. | | ESROS-RESULT.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-RESULT.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |-------->---------
| |
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-ERROR.ind. | | ESROS-ERROR.req.
--------<-----------| |--------<---------
| |
| | ESROS-ERROR.conf.
| |-------->---------
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |-------->---------
Invoker Performer
ESROS AP ESROS AP
| |
| |
ESROS-FAILURE.ind. | |
--------<-----------| |
| |
| | ESROS-FAILURE.ind.
| |--------->---------
| |
b b b-----b
\ | |
\ | |
b---b b------b
/ \ / KEY....
/ \/
b X---b-----b X = Core
/ \ b = on-tree router
/ \
/ \
b b------b
/ \ |
/ \ |
b b b
Most Significant Bit Least Significant Bit
|------------------------------------------------------------|
| Calling Error | Routine Error | Supplementary Info |
|------------------------------------------------------------|
Bit 31 24 23 16 15 0
o---------o
Site | Local |
A | File A |
o---------o
|
o----------------------- Mapping A ------------------------o
| | |
| o---------o |
| | Virtual | |
| | File | |
| o---------o |
| o------------------------------------------------o |
| | | |
| | ODETTE-FTP | |
| | | |
| o------------------------------------------------o |
| o---------o o---------o |
| | Virtual | | Virtual | |
| | File | | File | |
| o---------o o----+----o |
| | | |
o------ Mapping B ------------------------ Mapping C ------o
| |
o---------o o----+----o
| Local | Site Site | Local |
| File B | B C | File C |
o---------o o---------o
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| | | |
| USER MONITOR | | USER MONITOR |
| | | |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| A | A
...............|...|... FILE TRANSFER SERVICE ...|...|...............
| | | |
F_XXX_RQ/RS | | F_XXX_IND/CF F_XXX_RQ/RS | | F_XXX_IND/CF
V | V |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| |- - - - - - >| |
| ODETTE-FTP Entity | E-Buffer | ODETTE-FTP Entity |
| |< - - - - - -| |
o-------------------o o-------------------o
| A | A
N_XXX_RQ/RS | | N_XXX_IND/CF N_XXX_RQ/RS | | N_XXX_IND/CF
| | | |
...............|...|...... NETWORK SERVICE ......|...|...............
V | V |
o---------------------------------------------------------o
| |
| N E T W O R K |
| |
o---------------------------------------------------------o
| |
F_CONNECT_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_CONNECT_IND
| |
F_CONNECT_CF <----|------------|<---- F_CONNECT_RS
| |
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
called-address -> same --- ----
calling-address-> same --- ----
ID1 ------------> same ID2 ------------> same
PSW1------------> same PSW2 -----------> same
mode1 ----------> mode2 ----------> mode3 ----------> same
restart1 -------> same -----------> restart2 -------> same
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Sender-only ----> Receiver-only --> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
Both -----+-----> Both ----+------> Both -----------> Both
| or +------> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
| or +------> Sender-only ----> Receiver-only
|
or +-----> Receiver-only --> Receiver-only --> Sender-only
or +-----> Sender-only ----> Sender-only ----> Receiver-only
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication Response Confirm
---------------------------------------------------------------------
restart = Y ----> restart = Y --+-> restart = Y ----> restart = Y
or +-> restart = N ----> restart = N
restart = N ----> restart = N ----> restart = N ----> restart = N
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_START_FILE_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_START_FILE_IND
| |
F_START_FILE_CF(+|-) <----|------------|<---- F_START_FILE_RS(+|-)
| |
Request Ind. RS(+) CF(+) RS(-) CF(-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
file-name ----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
date-time ----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
destination---> same ---- ---- ---- ----
originator----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
rec-format----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
rec-size -----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
file-size-----> same ---- ---- ---- ----
restart-pos1--> same-> restart-pos2-> same ---- ----
---- ---- ---- ---- cause ------> same
---- ---- ---- ---- retry-later-> same
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ --->|------------|----> F_CLOSE_FILE_IND
| |
F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+|-) <---|------------|<---- F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(+|-)
| |
Parameters
Request Ind RS(+) CF(+) RS(-) CF(-)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
rec-count ---> same ---- ---- ---- ----
unit-count --> same ---- ---- ---- ----
---- ---- Speaker=Y ---> Speaker=N ---- ----
---- ---- Speaker=N ---> Speaker=Y ---- ----
---- ---- ---- ---- cause ---> same
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Request Indication
------------------------------------
filename -------> same
date -----------> same
time -----------> same
destination ----> same
originator -----> same
------------------------------------
Request Indication
---------------------------------------------------------------------
reason = normal -------> ----
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
F_ABORT_RQ ---->|------------|----> F_ABORT_IND
| |
User Initiated Abort
| |
F_ABORT_IND <----|------------|----> F_ABORT_IND
| |
Provider Initiated Abort
User | OFTP | Network | OFTP | User
---------------|------|----------------------|------|---------------
| | | |
F_RELEASE_RQ | | ESID(R=normal) | | F_RELEASE_IND
*--------------|-> ==|======================|=> --|-------------->
(R=normal) | | | |
F_RELEASE_RQ | | ESID(R=error) | | F_ABORT_IND
*--------------|-> ==|======================|=> -|-------------->
(R=error value)| | | | (R=error,AO=D)
User | OFTP | Network | OFTP | User
---------------|------|----------------------|------|---------------
| | | |
F_ABORT_IND | | ESID(R=error) | | F_ABORT_IND
<--------------|-* *=|======================|=> --|-------------->
| | | |
F_ABORT_RQ | | N_DISC_RQ | | F_ABORT_IND
*--------------|-> --|--------->..----------|-> --|-------------->
| | N_DISC_IND | | (R=unsp.,AO=D)
F_ABORT_IND | | N_DISC_RQ | | F_ABORT_IND
<--------------|-* *-|--------->..----------|-> --|-------------->
(R=error,AO=L) | | N_DISC_IND | | (R=unsp.,AO=D)
o------------o
decision | | f_connect_ind
+-----------------| IDLE |-----------------+
| F_CONNECT_RQ | (0) | F_CONNECT_RS |
| o------------o |
V |
o-----------------o |
| | |
| I_WF_FCONNECTCF | |
| | |
o--------+--------o |
| |
| F_CONNECT_CF |
V V
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| | | |
| IDLE SPEAKER | | IDLE LISTENER |
| (1) | | (2) |
| See Speaker | | See Listener |
| State Diagram | | State Diagram |
| | | |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
3.5.2 Speaker State Diagram
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| IDLE LISTENER | | IDLE |
| CD_RQ just sent | | see (0) |
| see (3), Listen | | Idle |
| State Diagram | | State Diagram |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
A A
| |
decision decision decision
F_CD_RQ +----------------+ F_RELEASE_RQ
| | F_EERP_RQ | |
o=================o | o-----------------o
| |<-------------+ | IDLE SPEAKER |
| IDLE SPEAKER | | (4) |
| (1) | decision | CD_IND |
| |<-----------------------------| just received |
o=================o F_EERP_RQ o-----------------o
A A | |
| | | decision and P1 decision and P1 |
| | +-----------------+ +---------------------+
| | F_START_FILE_RQ | | F_START_FILE_RQ
| | V V
| | o---------------o
| | f_file_start_cf(-) | |
| +----------------------| OPENING |
| | |
| o---------------o
| |
f_file_close_cf(-) f_start_file_cf(+)
and not P2 |
| V
o---------------o o---------------o
| | | |------------------+
| CLOSING | | DATA TRANSFER | record to send |
| | | |<-----------------+
o---------------o o---------------o F_DATA_RQ
| A |
| | end of file |
| +-------------------+
| F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ
| o-----------------o
| f_close_file(+) and P2 | IDLE LISTENER |
+--------------------------------------------->| see (2), Listen |
| State Diagram |
Predicates: o-----------------o
P1: Mode = Both or (Mode = Sender-Only)
P2: Negative confirmation or (positive confirmation, Speaker = YES)
3.5.3 Listener State Diagram
o-----------------o o-----------------o
| IDLE SPEAKER | | IDLE |
| CD_IND just | | |
| received see(4) | | see (0) |
| Speaker State | | Idle |
| Diagram | | State Diagram |
o-----------------o o-----------------o
A A
| |
decision f_eerp_ind decision
F_CD_IND +--------------+ F_RELEASE_IND
| | | |
o=================o | o-----------------o
| |<-----------+ f_eerp_ind | |
| |<-----------------------------| IDLE LISTENER |
| IDLE LISTENER | | (3) |
| | f_start_file_ind | CD_RQ |
| (2) | and not p2 | just sent |
| |---------------------+ | |
o=================o F_START_FILE_RS(-) | o-----------------o
A | A A | | |
| | | +-----------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | | f_start_file_ind and not p2 | |
| | +--------------------------------------+ |
| | F_START_FILE_RS(-) |
| | |
| | f_start_file_ind f_start_file_ind |
| | and p2 and p2 |
| +-------------------------------+ +------------------+
| F_START_FILE_RS(+) | | F_START_FILE_RS(+)
| V V
| o---------------o
| f_close_file_ind and not p1 | DATA |-------------+
+------------------------------| TRANSFER | |
F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(-) | |<------------+
o---------------o F_DATA_IND
o---------------o |
| IDLE SPEAKER | f_close_file_ind and p1 |
| see (1), Spkr |<--------------------------+
| State Diagram | F_CLOSE_FILE_RS(+)
o---------------o
1. Initiator <-------------SSRM -- Responder Ready Message
-- SSID ------------> Identification
<------------ SSID -- Identification
1. Speaker -- SFID ------------> Listener Start File
<------------ SFPA -- Answer YES
2. Speaker -- SFID ------------> Listener Start File
<------------ SFNA -- Answer NO
Go To 1
2. Speaker -- CD --------------> Listener Change Direction
Listener <------------ EERP -- Speaker End to End Response
-- RTR -------------> Ready to Receive
<------------ SFID -- Start File
o----------o o-----------o
| Loc. A |----------- S1 ---------->| Loc. B |
| | | |
| [Ba] |<---------- R2 -----------| [Ba] |
+----------o o-----------o
o---------o o---------o o---------o o---------o
| Loc. A |-- S1 ->| Loc. E1 |-- S2 ->| Loc. E2 |-- S5 ->| Loc. B |
| | | | | | | |
| [Ba,Ca] |<- R8 --| [Ba,Ca] |<- R7 --| [Ba] |<- R6 --| [Ba] |
o---------o o---------o o---------o o---------o
A |
| | o---------o
| +----- S3 ->| Loc. C |
| | |
+--------- R4 --| [Ca] |
o---------o
o---------o o---------o o---------o
| Loc. A |-- S1 ->| Loc. E1 |-- S3 ->| Loc. C |
| | | | | |
| [Ca] |<- R5 --| [Ca,Cb] |<- R4 --| [Ca,Cb] |
o---------o o---------o o---------o
A |
o---------o | |
| Loc. B |-- S2 -----+ |
| | |
| [Cb] |<- R6 ---------+
o---------o
Speaker -- EERP ------------> Listener End to End Response
<------------- RTR -- Ready to Receive
-- EERP ------------> End to End Response
<------------- RTR -- Ready to Receive
-- SFID ------------> Start File
or
-- CD --------------> Exchange the turn
Speaker -- Data ------------> Listener Start File
-- Data ------------>
<------------- CDT -- Set Credit
-- Data ------------>
-- EFID ------------> End File
1. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES
2. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES + CD
-- CD --------------> Change Direction
Listener <------------ EERP -- Speaker End to End Response
-------------- RTR -> Ready to Receive
Go to Start File Phase
3. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFNA -- Answer NO
1. Speaker -- EFID ------------> Listener End File
<------------ EFPA -- Answer YES
-- CD --------------> Change Direction
Listener <------------ ESID -- Speaker End Session
Window Size m -- SSID ------------>
<------------ SSID -- Window Size n
(n less or equal m)
Note: negotiated value will be "n".
o----------------------------------------------o
| | Other States |
| |--------------------------------------o |
| S | A_WF_CONRS | |
| |----------------------------------o | |
| T | A_NC_ONLY | | |
| |------------------------------o | | |
| A | I_WF_SSID | | | |
| |--------------------------o | | | |
| T | I_WF_RM | | | | |
| |----------------------o | | | | |
| E | I_WF_NC | | | | | |
| |------------------o | | | | | |
| | IDLE | | | | | | |
|==================o---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_CONNECT_RQ | A | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | N_CON_CF | X | C | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| V | SSRM | X | X | H | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | SSID | X | X | X | D | E | F | F |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| N | N_CON_IND | B | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_CONNECT_RS | X | U | U | U | U | G | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID(R=10) | X | X | X | F | X | X | X |
o----------------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | P1: F_ABORT_IND IDLE
| not P1: 1 N_CON_RQ I_WF_NC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | P3: N_DISC_RQ IDLE
| not P3: N_CON_RS
| SSRM A_NC_ONLY
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 2 I_WF_RM
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | P2: 4,2,5 F_CONNECT_CF IDLESP
| not P2: 4,2 ESID(R=10)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | P4: 4 N_DISC_RQ IDLE
| not P4: F_CONNECT_IND A_WF_CONRS
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | F_ABORT_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | P2: 4,2,5 SSID IDLELI
| not P2: 4,2 ESID(R=10)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | 4,2,3 SSID I_WF_SSID
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o--------------------------------------o
| | Other States |
| S |------------------------------o |
| T | WF_NDISC | |
| A |--------------------------o | |
| T | I_WF_NC | | |
| E |----------------------o | | |
| | IDLE | | | |
|======================o---+---+---+---|
| | TIME-OUT | X | X | A | B |
| |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| E | F_ABORT_RQ | X | A | X | C |
| V |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| E | N_RST_IND | X | X | A | D |
| N |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| T | N_DISC_IND | X | E | F | G |
| |------------------+---+---+---+---|
| | Invalid Buffer | X | X | H | I |
o--------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | F_ABORT_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1 N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1 N_DISC_RQ
| F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 1 IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | 1 F_ABORT_IND IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | 1,2 ESID(R=01)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o------------------------------------------------------------------o
| | Other State |
| |----------------------------------------------------------o |
| | WF_NDISC | |
| |------------------------------------------------------o | |
| | OPOWFC | | |
| |--------------------------------------------------o | | |
| | OPO | | | |
| S |----------------------------------------------o | | | |
| | OPOP | | | | |
| T |------------------------------------------o | | | | |
| | CDSTWFCD | | | | | |
| A |--------------------------------------o | | | | | |
| | SFSTWFCD | | | | | | |
| T |----------------------------------o | | | | | | |
| | ERSTWFCD | | | | | | | |
| E |------------------------------o | | | | | | | |
| | WF_CD | | | | | | | | |
| |--------------------------o | | | | | | | | |
| | WF_RTR | | | | | | | | | |
| |----------------------o | | | | | | | | | |
| | IDLESPCD | | | | | | | | | | |
| |------------------o | | | | | | | | | | |
| | IDLESP | | | | | | | | | | | |
|===+==============o---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_EERP_RQ | A | A | W | F | W | U | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_START_ | B | B | W | G | W | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| | FILE_RQ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | SFPA | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | K | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | SFNA | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | L | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| V | CD | C | C | C | H | R | I | J | C | C | C | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | F_DATA_RQ | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | M | V | S | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| N | CDT | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | P | O | S | C |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_CD_RQ | D | U | W | T | W | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_REL_RQ(Ok) | U | E | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | U | X | U |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_REL_RQ(Err)| Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | Q | S | Q |
| |--------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
| | RTR | C | C | N | C | C | C | C | C | C | C | S | C |
o------------------------------------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | 1,2,3 EERP WF_RTR
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | P1: UE
| not P1: 1,2,5 SFID OPOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1,2 CD IDLELICD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | 1,2 ESID(R=00) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 4 ERSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | P1: UE
| not P1: 6 SFSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | 1,2 IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | 1,2,10 SFID OPOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
J | 1,2 CD IDLELICD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
K | P2: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
| not P2: 1,2,7,12 F_START_FILE_CF(+) OPO
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
L | 1,2,8 F_START_FILE_CF(-) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
M | P3: 1,2,11,13 DATA OPOWFC
| not P3: 1,2,11,13 DATA OPO
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
N | Note 3 IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
O | 12 OPO
| See Note 1
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
P | Protocol 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| Error F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
Q | 1,2 ESID(R) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
Continued -->
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
R | 1,2,9 EERP WF_RTR
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
S | WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
T | CDSTWFCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
V | User Error - Note 1 UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
W | User Error - Note 2 UE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
X | Error
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o---------------------------------o
| S | CLOP |
| T |-------------------------o |
| A | OPOWFC | |
| T |---------------------o | |
| E | OPO | | |
|=====================o---+---+---|
| E | F_CLOSE_FILE_RQ | A | E | U |
| V |-----------------+---+---+---|
| E | EFPA | B | B | C |
| N |-----------------+---+---+---|
| T | EFNA | B | B | D |
o---------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | 1,2,5,7 EFID CLOP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | P1: 1,2,3 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+,SP=No)
| CD IDLELI
| not P1: 1,2,4 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(+,SP=Yes) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1,2,6 F_CLOSE_FILE_CF(-) IDLESP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | See Note 1
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o-----------------------------------------o
| | CLIP |
| |---------------------------------o |
| | OPI | |
| S |-----------------------------o | |
| T | OPIP | | |
| A |-------------------------o | | |
| T | IDLELICD | | | |
| E |---------------------o | | | |
| | IDLELI | | | | |
|=====================o---+---+---+---+---|
| | SFID | A | A | B | B | B |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | DATA | B | B | B | I | B |
| V |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| E | EFID | B | B | B | J | B |
| N |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| T | F_START_FILE_RS | U | U | H | U | U |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | F_CLOSE_FILE_RS | U | U | U | U | K |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | CD | C | B | B | B | B |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID R=Normal | D | F | D | D | D |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | ESID R=Error | D | D | D | D | D |
| |-----------------+---+---+---+---+---|
| | EERP | E | G | B | B | B |
o-----------------------------------------o
I | Predicate Actions Output Events Next State
===o=================================================================
A | P1: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
| not P1: 1,2,3 F_START_FILE_IND OPIP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
B | 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,AO=L) WF_NDISC
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
C | 1,2 F_CD_IND IDLESPCD
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
D | 1 F_ABORT_IND(Received
| ESID Reason,AO=D)
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
E | 4 F_EERP_IND
| 8 See Note 2
| RTR IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
F | 1 F_RELEASE_IND
| N_DISC_RQ IDLE
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
G | F_EERP_IND
| 8 See Note 2
| RTR IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
H | P4: User Error UE
| P2,not P4: 1,2 SFPA OPI
| not(P2,P4): 1,2 SFNA IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
I | P5: 1,2 ESID(R=02)
| F_ABORT_IND(R,A0=L) WF_NDISC
| not(P5,P6): 1,2,5 F_DATA_IND OPI
| not P5,P6: 1,2 F_DATA_IND
| 6,7 See Note 1
| CDT OPI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
J | 1,2 F_CLOSE_FILE_IND CLIP
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
K | P2,P3: 1,2 EFPA(CD-Req) WF_CD
| P2,not P3: 1,2 EFPA(no CD) IDLELI
| not P2: 1,2 EFNA IDLELI
---+-----------------------------------------------------------------
U | User Error UE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
o-----------------------------------------------------------------o
| | 7| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| | B -+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | I 6| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | T -+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | 5| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| |----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
|------------| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| BIT | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 3 2 1 | | | | | | | | | |
|============o====o=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====+=====|
| 0 0 0 0 | 0 | | | SP | 0 | | P | | |
|------------|----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 0 1 | 1 | | | | 1 | A | Q | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 1 0 | 2 | | | | 2 | B | R | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 0 1 1 | 3 | | | | 3 | C | S | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 0 0 | 4 | | | | 4 | D | T | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 0 1 | 5 | | | | 5 | E | U | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 1 0 | 6 | | | & | 6 | F | V | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 0 1 1 1 | 7 | | | | 7 | G | W | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 0 0 | 8 | | | ( | 8 | H | X | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 0 1 | 9 | | | ) | 9 | I | Y | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 1 0 | 10 | | | | | J | Z | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 0 1 1 | 11 | | | | | K | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 0 0 | 12 | | | | | L | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 0 1 | 13 | | | - | | M | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 1 0 | 14 | | | . | | N | | | |
|------------+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----|
| 1 1 1 1 | 15 | | | / | | O | | | |
o-----------------------------------------------------------------o
_____________________________ ____________________________
| _______ | | |
| | | _______ | | _______ |
| |Appli- | | | |RSVP | | | |
| | cation| | RSVP <---------------------------> RSVP <---------->
| | <--> | | | _______ | | |
| | | |process| _____ | ||Routing| |process| _____ |
| |_._____| | -->Polcy|| || <--> -->Polcy||
| | |__.__._| |Cntrl|| ||process| |__.__._| |Cntrl||
| |data | | |_____|| ||__.____| | | |_____||
|===|===========|==|==========| |===|==========|==|==========|
| | --------| | _____ | | | --------| | _____ |
| | | | ---->Admis|| | | | | ---->Admis||
| _V__V_ ___V____ |Cntrl|| | _V__V_ __V_____ |Cntrl||
| | | | | |_____|| | | | | ||_____||
| |Class-| | Packet | | | |Class-| | Packet | |
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|================> ifier|==>Schedulr|===========>
| |______| |________| |data | |______| |________| |data
| | | |
|_____________________________| |____________________________|
Senders Receivers
_____________________
( ) ===> R1
S1 ===> ( Multicast )
( ) ===> R2
( distribution )
S2 ===> ( )
( by Internet ) ===> R3
(_____________________)
Sender || Reservations:
Selection || Distinct | Shared
_________||__________________|____________________
|| | |
Explicit || Fixed-Filter | Shared-Explicit |
|| (FF) style | (SE) Style |
__________||__________________|____________________|
|| | |
Wildcard || (None defined) | Wildcard-Filter |
|| | (WF) Style |
__________||__________________|____________________|
________________
(a)| | (c)
( S1 ) ---------->| |----------> ( R1 )
| Router | |
(b)| | (d) |---> ( R2 )
( S2,S3 ) ------->| |------|
|________________| |---> ( R3 )
|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | * {4B}| (c) <- WF( *{4B} )
| |_______|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (b) | (d) | * {3B}| (d) <- WF( *{3B} )
| |_______| <- WF( *{2B} )
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| ________
FF( S1{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | S1{4B} | (c) <- FF( S1{4B}, S2{5B} )
| |________|
| | S2{5B} |
| |________|
---------------------|---------------------------------------------
| ________
<- (b) | (d) | S1{3B} | (d) <- FF( S1{3B}, S3{B} )
FF( S2{5B}, S3{B} ) | |________| <- FF( S1{B} )
| | S3{B} |
| |________|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| ________
SE( S1{3B} ) <- (a) | (c) |(S1,S2) | (c) <- SE( (S1,S2){B} )
| | {B} |
| |________|
---------------------|---------------------------------------------
| __________
<- (b) | (d) |(S1,S2,S3)| (d) <- SE( (S1,S3){3B} )
SE( (S2,S3){3B} ) | | {3B} | <- SE( S2{2B} )
| |__________|
_______________
(a)| | (c)
( S1 ) ---------->| >-----------> |----------> ( R1 )
| > |
| > |
(b)| > | (d)
( S2,S3 ) ------->| >-------->--> |----------> ( R2, R3 )
|_______________|
|
Sends | Reserves Receives
|
| _______
WF( *{4B} ) <- (a) | (c) | * {4B}| (c) <- WF( *{4B} )
| |_______|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------
| _______
WF( *{3B} ) <- (b) | (d) | * {3B}| (d) <- WF( * {3B} )
| |_______| <- WF( * {2B} )
_____ _____________________ _____
| | data --> | | data --> | |
| A |-----------| a c |--------------| C |
|_____| Path --> | | Path --> |_____|
<-- Resv | | <-- Resv _____
_____ | ROUTER | | | |
| | | | | |--| D |
| B |--| data-->| | data --> | |_____|
|_____| |--------| b d |-----------|
| Path-->| | Path --> | _____
_____ | <--Resv|_____________________| <-- Resv | | |
| | | |--| D' |
| B' |--| | |_____|
|_____| | |
________________
a | | c
( R1, S1 ) <----->| Router |<-----> ( R2, S2 )
|________________|
Send | Receive
|
WF( *{3B}) <-- (a) | (c) <-- WF( *{3B})
|
Receive | Send
|
WF( *{4B}) --> (a) | (c) --> WF( *{4B})
|
Reserve on (a) | Reserve on (c)
__________ | __________
| * {4B} | | | * {3B} |
|__________| | |__________|
|
________________
a | | c
R4, S4<----->| Router |<-----> R2, S2, S3
| |
b | |
R1, S1<----->| |
|________________|
Send Blockade | Reserve Receive
State {Qb}|
| ________
(a) <- WF(*{2B}) {4B} | | * {4B} | WF(*{4B}) <- (c)
| |________|
|
---------------------------|-------------------------------
|
| ________
(b) <- WF(*{4B}) (none)| | * {2B} | WF(*{2B}) <- (d)
| |________|
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Refresh Period R |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Flags | Option Vector |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| IPv4 Receiver Address (4 bytes) |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 Receiver Address (16 bytes) +
| |
+ +
| |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
RSVP RSVP
Node Send Receive
___ _____________ _______________
Hu UDP(D/Ra,Pu) UDP(D,Pu)
[Note 1] and UDP(D,Pu')
[Note 2]
RSVP RSVP
Node Send Receive
___ _____________ _________________
Hu UDP(G*,Pu) UDP(D,Pu')
[Note 3]
and UDP(G*,Pu)
=====================
| |
| CLIENT |\
| | \ < ---- Local Area /
===================== \ Enterprise Network
\
\
=============================
| Telnet Interface |
| | |
| | |
| ACCESS SERVER | |
| | |
| | |
| Com Port Interface |
=============================
|
|
==================
| |
| MODEM |
| |
==================
|
Access to Remote Service |
most commonly Public Switched ----->|
Network |
|
|
======================
Could be Internet Service | |
Provider, Bulletin Board | |
or FAX machine | REMOTE SERVICE |
| |
| |
======================
LOOKUP FH=0x0 "a" --->
<--- FH=0x1
LOOKUP FH=0x1 "b" --->
<--- FH=0x2
LOOKUP FH=0x2 "c" --->
<--- FH=0x3
-------------- MOUNT port ? --------------> Portmapper
<-------------- Port=984 ------------------
MSB 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 1/0 | Octet length of address |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
,------------------, USER
__\| Unauthenticated |_________\
| /| (new connection) | /|
| `------------------' |
| | |
| | AUTH |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 234 |
|<--------< >------------->. |
| \ / | |
| \_/ | |
| | | |
| | 334 | |
| V | |
| ,--------------------, | |
| | Need Security Data |<--. | |
| `--------------------' | | |
| | | | |
| | ADAT | | |
| V | | |
| / \ | | |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 335 | | |
`<--------< >-----------' | |
\ / | |
\_/ | |
| | |
| 235 | |
V | |
,---------------. | |
,--->| Authenticated |<--------' | After the client and server
| `---------------' | have completed authenti-
| | | cation, command must be
| | USER | integrity-protected if
| | | integrity is available. The
| |<-------------------' CCC command may be issued to
| V relax this restriction.
| / \
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz
|<--------< >------------->.
| \ / |
| \_/ |
| | |
| | 3yz |
| V |
| ,---------------. |
| | Need Password | |
| `---------------' |
| | |
| | PASS |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz |
|<--------< >------------->|
| \ / |
| \_/ |
| | |
| | 3yz |
| V |
| ,--------------. |
| | Need Account | |
| `--------------' |
| | |
| | ACCT |
| V |
| / \ |
| 4yz,5yz / \ 2yz |
`<--------< >------------->|
\ / |
\_/ |
| |
| 3yz |
V |
,-------------. |
| Authorized |/________|
| (Logged in) |\
`-------------'
____# Countries____ ____# Countries____
Date I B U F O Date I B U F O
----- --- --- --- --- --- ----- --- --- --- --- ---
09/91 31 47 79 49 02/94 62 51 125 88 31
12/91 33 46 78 53 07/94 75 52 129 89 31
02/92 38 46 92 63 11/94 81 51 133 95 --
04/92 40 47 90 66 25 02/95 86 48 141 98 --
08/92 49 46 89 67 26 06/95 96 47 144 99 --
01/93 50 50 101 72 31 06/96 134 -- 146 108 --
04/93 56 51 107 79 31 07/97 171 -- 147 108 --
08/93 59 51 117 84 31
________________
| |
| |
| |
| |
--------->| Non-Member |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| leave group | join group | leave group
| (stop timer, |(send report, | (send leave
| send leave if | set flag, | if flag set)
| flag set) | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | query received | |
| Delaying Member | (start timer) | Idle Member |
---->| |------------------->| |
| | | report received | |
| | | (stop timer, | |
| | | clear flag) | |
| |_________________|------------------->|_________________|
| query received | timer expired
| (reset timer if | (send report,
| Max Resp Time | set flag)
| < current timer) |
-------------------
________________
| |
| |
| No IGMPv1 |
| Router |
| Present |
| |
---->| |----
| | | |
| |________________| |
timer expires | | IGMPv1 query
| ________________ | received
| | | | (set timer)
| | | |
| | | |
-----| IGMPv1 |<---
| Router |
| Present |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| |
| IGMPv1 query received |
| (set timer) |
---------------------------
--------------------------------
_______|________ gen. query timer |
--------- | | expired |
| Initial |---------------->| | (send general query, |
--------- (send gen. q., | | set gen. q. timer) |
set initial gen. q. | |<----------------------
timer) | Querier |
| |
-----| |<---
| | | |
| |________________| |
query received from a | | other querier
router with a lower | | present timer
IP address | | expired
(set other querier | ________________ | (send general
present timer) | | | | query,set gen.
| | | | q. timer)
| | | |
---->| Non |----
| Querier |
| |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| query received from a |
| router with a lower IP |
| address |
| (set other querier |
| present timer) |
---------------------------
________________
----------------------------| |<-----------------------
| | |timer expired |
| timer expired| |(notify routing -, |
| (notify routing -)| No Members |clear rxmt tmr) |
| ------->| Present |<------- |
| | | | | |
|v1 report rec'd | | | | ------------ |
|(notify routing +, | |________________| | | rexmt timer| |
| start timer, | | | | expired | |
| start v1 host | v2 report received| | | (send g-s | |
| timer) | (notify routing +,| | | query, | |
| | start timer)| | | st rxmt | |
| __________|______ | _____|_|______ tmr)| |
| | |<------------ | | | |
| | | | |<----- |
| | | v2 report received | | |
| | | (start timer) | | |
| | Members Present |<-------------------| Checking | |
| ----->| | leave received | Membership | |
| | | | (start timer*, | | |
| | | | start rexmt timer,| | |
| | | | send g-s query) | | |
| | --->| |------------------->| | |
| | | |_________________| |______________| |
| | |v2 report rec'd | | | |
| | |(start timer) | |v1 report rec'd |v1 report rec'd |
| | ---------------- |(start timer, |(start timer, |
| |v1 host | start v1 host timer) | start v1 host |
| |tmr ______________V__ | timer) |
| |exp'd | |<---------------------- |
| ------| | |
| | Version 1 |timer expired |
| | Members Present |(notify routing -) |
------->| |-------------------------------------------
| |<--------------------
------->|_________________| v1 report rec'd |
| v2 report rec'd | | (start timer, |
| (start timer) | | start v1 host timer) |
----------------- --------------------------
________________
| |
| |
timer expired| |timer expired
(notify routing -)| No Members |(notify routing -)
--------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| |report received |
| |(notify routing +,|
| | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | report received | |
| | (start timer) | |
| Members Present |<-------------------| Checking |
| | g-s query rec'd | Membership |
| | (start timer*) | |
---->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| COM | | UK | | FR |
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| VAUGHAN | | AC | | CO | | UNIV-AVIGNON | | AXA |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| | | | |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| UNIX | | NEWPORT | | CITYDESK | | SOL | | MAIL |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| |
+----+ +-----+
| NS | | FTP |
+----+ +-----+
+------------------+
| ISO 3166 country | . . . . . . . . .
+------------------+ . .
| | | . .
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| AC/ | | CO/ | | OR/ | | LTD | | INC |
| EDU | | COM | | ORG | +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 85 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len NDS Tree Name
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
| 86 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | ...
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
Code Len Initial NDS Context
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
| 87 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | c4 | ...
+----+----+----+----+----+----+--
Code Len NetWare/IP Domain Name
+-----+-----+------+------+------+-----
| 62 | n | c1 | c2 | c3 | ...
+-----+-----+------+------+------+-----
Code Len NetWare/IP General Info
+-----+-----+----+----+
| 63 | 11 | 2 | 0 |
+-----+-----+----+----+
NWIP_EXIST_IN_OPTIONS_AREA (length 0)
+----+----+----+
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
+----+----+----+
NSQ_BROADCAST_SERVER (length 1)
value is YES
+----+----+------------+
| 7 | 4 | IP address |
+----+----+------------+
NEAREST_NWIP_SERVER (length 4)
value is IP address of server
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
STATE
+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| A | B | C | D | E
| (Initial | TestOK | Commit | Test | Commit
| State) | | OK | Fail | Fail
| | | | |
EVENT | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| 7.2.3.1 | | | |
Receive | All varbinds | | | |
TestSet | OK? | X | X | X | X
PDU | Yes ->B | | | |
| No ->D | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| | 7.2.3.2 | | |
Receive | | NoError? | | |
Commit- | X | Yes ->C | X | X | X
Set PDU | | No ->E | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | | 7.2.3.3 | |7.2.4.5
UndoSet | X | X | ->done | X | ->done
PDU | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | 7.2.4.4 | 7.2.3.4 |7.2.4.4 |
Cleanup- | X | ->done | ->done | ->done | X
Set PDU | | | | |
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Session | | rollback | undo | |
Loss | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done
---------+----------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
STATE
+--------------+--------------
| A | B
| No transport | Transport
| | connected
| |
EVENT | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |
connect | ->B | X
indication | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if duplicate
Open-PDU | | session id,
| | reject, else
| X | establish
| | session
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if matching
Response-PDU | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else ignore
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive other | | if matching
PDUs | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else reject
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |notify all
disconnect | |sessions on
indication | X |this transport
| |
| | ->A
----------------+--------------+--------------
STATE
+-------------+----------------
| A | B
| No session | Session
| | established
EVENT | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| 7.1.1 |
Receive | | X
Open PDU | ->B |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| | 7.1.9
Receive | X |
Close PDU | | ->A
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.5
Register PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.6
Unregister | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Get PDU | |
GetNext PDU | |
GetBulk PDU | X | X
TestSet PDU | |
CommitSet PDU | |
UndoSet PDU | |
CleanupSet PDU | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.11
Notify PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive Ping | | 7.1.12
PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
(continued next page)
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.2
IndexAllocate | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.4
IndexDeallocate| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.7
AddAgentxCaps | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.8
RemoveAgentxCap| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.2.4
Response PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Other PDU | X | X
---------------+-------------+----------------
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
World View | | Local View | |
Query | | Query | Relevant |
----------->| |------------>| |
| Nomenclator | | CCSO |
| | | |
<-----------| |<------------| Server |
World View | | Local View | |
Response | | Response | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
World View | | Meta Data | |
Query | | Request | Distributed |
----------->| Query | ----------->| |
| Resolver | | Catalog |
| | | |
<-----------| (caches) | <-----------| Service |
World View | | Meta Data | |
Response | | Response | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B ) ( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| /\ | /\ | /\ |
| || | || | Pref-A (connection
| Pref-A | Pref-B | Pref-B broken)
| || | || | || |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| BR-A|------|BR-B | | BR-A|------|BR-B |
+-----+ IBGP +-----+ +-----+ IBGP +-----+
+---------+ +---------+
( ) ( )
( ISP-A ) ( ISP-B )
( ) ( )
+---------+ +---------+
| |
+--------+ +--------+
|ISP-BR-A| |ISP-BR-B|
+--------+ +--------+
| /+/ |
/\ | Pref-B /+/ |
|| | /+/ \./
Pref-A| /+/ non- /.\
|| | /+/ direct |
| /+/ EBGP |
+------+ +-------+
|E-BR-A|-----------|E-BR-B |
+------+ IBGP +-------+
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document * | | Applicability * | | Coexistence * | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIBs | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC1157 | | RFC1212 | | RFC14XX | | RFC19XX | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
| DA | SA | Req Config | Allow Config | Data | FCS |
+----+----+------------+--------------+----------+-----+
9.0.0.0/8
host <----- router <--- Internet <----- router <-- attacker
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 192.168.0.4/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 10.0.0.13/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 172.16.0.2/32
SYN/ACK
no route
11.0.0.0/8
/
router 1
/
/
/ 9.0.0.0/8
ISP <----- ISP <---- ISP <--- ISP <-- router <-- attacker
A B C D 2
/
/
/
router 3
/
12.0.0.0/8
+-------+ +-------+
+----+ | | |
+------+ | | ISP A +------+ ISP B |
| Cust.+---+ | | | |
| X +--------+ | | |
+------+ ++-----++\ +-------+
| | \
| | \ +--------+
++-----++ +-| |
| Cust. | | ISP C |
| Y | | |
+-------+ +--------+
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document * | | Applicability * | | Coexistence * | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +------------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIBs | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC1157 | | RFC1212 | | RFC14XX | | RFC19XX | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
URN:<NID><NSS>
|
|
|
|
v
+-------------------+
|Global NID registry|
+-------------------+
|
|
|
(return rule or URN resolver service reference)
|
+----------------------------------+
| |
+->(apply rule to determine RDS server) |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| +----------+ |
| |RDS server| +-----------------+
| +----------+ |
| | | v
| | | (set of choices)
| | +----+----------(...)--------+
| (rule) | |
| | | |
| | | |
+------+ | |
v v
+----------+ +----------+
|URN | |URN |
|resolver | |resolver |
|service | |service |
+----------+ +----------+
URN:<NID>:<NSS>
|
|
+-----------+-------(...)-------+
| |
| |
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
|Global NID registry 1| |Global NID registry N|
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
. .
. .
. .
---------------------- ----------------------
| 7.7.7.1 |-------| |-------| 7.7.7.2 |
| | ======== | |
| AS1 | EX1 |-------| 7.7.7.3 AS2 |
| | | |
| 9.9.9.1 |------ ------| 9.9.9.2 |
---------------------- | | ----------------------
===========
| EX2
---------------------- |
| 9.9.9.3 |---------
| |
| AS3 |
----------------------
|<--------------------------- msg_controllen -------------------------->|
| |
|<----- ancillary data object ----->|<----- ancillary data object ----->|
|<---------- CMSG_SPACE() --------->|<---------- CMSG_SPACE() --------->|
| | |
|<---------- cmsg_len ---------->| |<--------- cmsg_len ----------->| |
|<--------- CMSG_LEN() --------->| |<-------- CMSG_LEN() ---------->| |
| | | | |
+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+
|cmsg_|cmsg_|cmsg_|XX| |XX|cmsg_|cmsg_|cmsg_|XX| |XX|
|len |level|type |XX|cmsg_data[]|XX|len |level|type |XX|cmsg_data[]|XX|
+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+-----+-----+-----+--+-----------+--+
^
|
msg_control
points here
Server _____ proxy _____ proxy __________ user
x.org cache cache agent
< --------------
| GET ../paper
|
has the list
in cache
|
------------- > [list response]
list |
|
choose
|
< --------------------------
| GET ../paper.1
|
has the variant
in cache
|
-------------------------- > [normal response]
return of paper.1
normal | variant list | structured
entity tag | validator | entity tag
-------------+----------------+-----------------
"etag" | "vlv" | "etag;vlv"
W/"etag" | "vlv" | W/"etag;vlv"
< -------------------------------------
| POST http://x.org/cgi/submit
| <form contents in request body>
|
-------------------------------------- >
303 See Other |
Location: http://x.org/result/OK |
|
< -------------------------------------
| GET http://x.org/result/OK
| small Accept- headers
|
able to choose on
behalf of user agent
|
------------------------------------- >
choice response with |
..result/OK.nl variant |
displays OK.nl
+======================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+====================+=====================================+===========+
| SYN || SYNACK | Send ACK (note 2) | ESTAB |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && B && C | Send ACK (note 3) | ESTAB |
+--------------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && !(B && C) | Send RSTACK | ESTAB |
+======================================================================+
S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
(nextIFD)
PRIMARY IFD 0 ------------> PRIMARY IFD 1--> ...
ImageLayer = [2,1]
NewSubFileType = 18
SubIFDs
|
V
Child IFD
ImageLayer = [1,1]
NewSubFileType = 16
|
|(nextIFD)
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| VersionYear* | byte sequence: year of ITU fax standard |
+------------------+-----------------------------------------+
XResolution x Yresolution | ImageWidth
--------------------------------------------|------------------
204x98, 204x196, 204x391, 200x100, 200x200 | 1728, 2048, 2432
300x300 | 2592, 3072, 3648
408x391, 400x400 | 3456, 4096, 4864
--------------------------------------------|------------------
StripByteCounts | |required
StripOffsets | |required
T4Options | Bit 0 = 0 |MH
| Bit 1 = 0 |
| Bit 2 = 0,1 |Non-Byte-aligned,
| | Byte-Aligned EOLs
XResolution | 204 |Units is per inch
YResolution | 196,98 |Units is per inch
------------------|--------------|------------------------------
Field | Values | Minimum | Comment
------------------|-------------|-------------|----------------------
BitsPerSample | 1 | 1 |one bit per sample
Compression | 3,4 | 3 |3 for T.4 (MH, MR)
| | |4 for T.6 - MMR
FillOrder | 2,1 | 2 |LSB first or MSB first
ImageWidth | 1728, 2048, | 1728 |depends on XResolution
| 2432, 2592, | |
| 3072, 3648, | |
| 3456, 4096, | |
| 4864 | |
ImageLength | >0 | |required
NewSubFileType | Bit 1 = 1 | Bit 1 = 1 |single page of
| | |multipage file
Orientation * | 1 | |1st row=top left,
| | | 1st col=top
PageNumber | X/X | 0/1 |pg/tot, 0 base,
| | | tot in 1st IFD
PhotometricInterp | 0,1 | 0 |0 is white
ResolutionUnit | 2,3 | 2 |inches (default)
RowsPerStrip |=ImageLength |=ImageLength |
| or other | |
SamplesPerPixel | 1 | 1 |one sample per pixel
StripByteCounts | >0 | |required
StripOffsets | >0 | |required
T4Options | Bit 0 = 0,1 | Bit 0 = 0 |MH,MR(incl if not MMR)
| Bit 1 = 0 | Bit 1 = 0 |
| Bit 2 = 0,1 | Bit 2 = 0,1 | Non-Byte-aligned and
| | | Byte-Aligned EOLs
T6Options | 0 | |MMR (incl only if MMR)
XResolution | 204,200,300,| 204 | If unit is per inch
| 400,408, | |
| 77 | | If unit is per cm
YResolution | 196,98,100, | 196,98 | If unit is per inch
| 200,300,391,| |
| 400, | |
| 77,38.5 | | If unit is per cm
------------------|-------------|-------------|----------------------
ipoaVcTable ipNetToMediatable
------------------------------ ----------------------------
| ipNetToMediaIfIndex | | ipNetToMediaIfIndex |
| ipNetToMediaNetAddress | | ipNetToMediaNetAddress |
| ipoaVcVpi | | |
| ipoaVcVci | | |
| ipoaVcType | | |
| ---> use IpoaAtmAddr TC | | ipNetToMediaPhysAddress |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedEncapsType | | |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedMtu | | |
| | | ipNetToMediaType |
------------------------------ ----------------------------
ipoaVcTable ipoaConfigPvcTable
------------------------------ ----------------------------
| ipNetToMediaIfIndex | | ipNetToMediaIfIndex |
| ipNetToMediaNetAddress | | |
| ipoaVcVpi | | ipoaConfigPvcVpi |
| ipoaVcVci | | ipoaConfigPvcVci |
| ipoaVcType | | |
| | | ipoaConfigPvcDefaultMtu |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedEncapsType | | |
| ipoaVcNegotiatedMtu | | |
| | | ipoaConfigPvcRowStatus |
------------------------------ ----------------------------
ipoaArpClientTable ipAddrTable
----------------------------------- ------------------------
| ipAdEntAddr | | ipAdEntAddr |
| | | ipAdEntNetMask |
| | | ipAdEntIfIndex |
| ipoaArpClientAtmAddr | | |
| ipoaArpClientSrvrInUse | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpOutReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpOutReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInvalidInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientInArpInvalidOutReqs| | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutReqs | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutReplies | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpInNaks | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpOutNaks | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpUnknownOps | | |
| ipoaArpClientArpNoSrvrResps | | |
| ipoaArpClientRowStatus | | |
| | | ipAdEntBcastAddr |
| | | ipAdEntReasmMaxSize |
----------------------------------- ------------------------
comb neck body feet
| | | |
v v V V
,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
i' ' / / =========<-
/ <o> `---------/ \ `
.;__. ,__,--------. / ,
/ ,/ vv \ =========<-
'-' `-----------------------' `
^ ^ ^
| | |
beak wattles legs
comb neck body feet
| | | |
v v V V
,^/'/, ,______________________. ,
i' ' / / =========<-
/ <o> `---------/ \_____________m
.;__. ,__,--------. / ,
/ ,/ vv \ =========<-
'-' `-----------------------' `
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
beak wattles legs ethernet
|--------------------|
| SAP header |
|--------------------|
| text payload |
|//////////
* |RT1|RT2|
+---+Ia +---+ * ------------
|RT1|------|RT2| T RT1| | X |
+---+ Ib+---+ O RT2| X | |
* Ia| | X |
* Ib| X | |
**FROM**
+---+ *
|RT7| * |RT7| N3|
+---+ T ------------
| O RT7| | |
+----------------------+ * N3| X | |
N3 *
|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|RT|
|1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |10|11|12|N3|N6|N8|N9|
----- ---------------------------------------------
RT1| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT2| | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT3| | | | | |6 | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT4| | | | |8 | | | | | | | |0 | | | |
RT5| | | |8 | |6 |6 | | | | | | | | | |
RT6| | |8 | |7 | | | | |5 | | | | | | |
RT7| | | | |6 | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT8| | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 | | |
* RT9| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
T RT10| | | | | |7 | | | | | | | |0 |0 | |
O RT11| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |0 |
* RT12| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |0 |
* N1|3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N2| |3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N3|1 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N4| | |2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
N6| | | | | | |1 |1 | |1 | | | | | | |
N7| | | | | | | |4 | | | | | | | | |
N8| | | | | | | | | |3 |2 | | | | | |
N9| | | | | | | | |1 | |1 |1 | | | | |
N10| | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | | | |
N11| | | | | | | | |3 | | | | | | | |
N12| | | | |8 | |2 | | | | | | | | | |
N13| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N14| | | | |8 | | | | | | | | | | | |
N15| | | | | | |9 | | | | | | | | | |
H1| | | | | | | | | | | |10| | | | |
|RT12|N9|N10|H1| |RT9|RT11|RT12|N9|
* -------------------- * ----------------------
* RT12| | | | | * RT9| | | |0 |
T N9|1 | | | | T RT11| | | |0 |
O N10|2 | | | | O RT12| | | |0 |
* H1|10 | | | | * N9| | | | |
* *
RT12's router-LSA N9's network-LSA
RT6(origin)
RT5 o------------o-----------o Ib
/|\ 6 |\ 7
8/8|8\ | \
/ | \ 6| \
o | o | \7
N12 o N14 | \
N13 2 | \
N4 o-----o RT3 \
/ \ 5
1/ RT10 o-------o Ia
/ |\
RT4 o-----o N3 3| \1
/| | \ N6 RT7
/ | N8 o o---------o
/ | | | /|
RT2 o o RT1 | | 2/ |9
/ | | |RT8 / |
/3 |3 RT11 o o o o
/ | | | N12 N15
N2 o o N1 1| |4
| |
N9 o o N7
/|
/ |
N11 RT9 / |RT12
o--------o-------o o--------o H1
3 | 10
|2
|
o N10
...........................
. + .
. | 3+---+ . N12 N14
. N1|--|RT1|\ 1 . \ N13 /
. | +---+ \ . 8\ |8/8
. + \ ____ . \|/
. / \ 1+---+8 8+---+6
. * N3 *---|RT4|------|RT5|--------+
. \____/ +---+ +---+ |
. + / \ . |7 |
. | 3+---+ / \ . | |
. N2|--|RT2|/1 1\ . |6 |
. | +---+ +---+8 6+---+ |
. + |RT3|------|RT6| |
. +---+ +---+ |
. 2/ . Ia|7 |
. / . | |
. +---------+ . | |
.Area 1 N4 . | |
........................... | |
.......................... | |
. N11 . | |
. +---------+ . | |
. | . | | N12
. |3 . Ib|5 |6 2/
. +---+ . +----+ +---+/
. |RT9| . .........|RT10|.....|RT7|---N15.
. +---+ . . +----+ +---+ 9 .
. |1 . . + /3 1\ |1 .
. _|__ . . | / \ __|_ .
. / \ 1+----+2 |/ \ / \ .
. * N9 *------|RT11|----| * N6 * .
. \____/ +----+ | \____/ .
. | . . | | .
. |1 . . + |1 .
. +--+ 10+----+ . . N8 +---+ .
. |H1|-----|RT12| . . |RT8| .
. +--+SLIP +----+ . . +---+ .
. |2 . . |4 .
. | . . | .
. +---------+ . . +--------+ .
+----+
|RT10|------+
+----+ \+-------------+
/ \ |Routing Table|
/ \ +-------------+
/ \
+------+ / \ +--------+
|Area 2|---+ +---|Backbone|
+------+***********+ +--------+
/ \ * / \
/ \ * / \
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ +------------+
|Interface| |Interface| |Virtual Link| |Interface Ib|
| to N6 | | to N8 | | to RT11 | +------------+
+---------+ +---------+ +------------+ |
/ \ | | |
/ \ | | |
+--------+ +--------+ | +-------------+ +------------+
|Neighbor| |Neighbor| | |Neighbor RT11| |Neighbor RT6|
| RT8 | | RT7 | | +-------------+ +------------+
+--------+ +--------+ |
|
+-------------+
|Neighbor RT11|
+-------------+
+----+ UnloopInd +--------+
|Down|<--------------|Loopback|
+----+ +--------+
|
|InterfaceUp
+-------+ | +--------------+
|Waiting|<-+-------------->|Point-to-point|
+-------+ +--------------+
|
WaitTimer|BackupSeen
|
|
| NeighborChange
+------+ +-+<---------------- +-------+
|Backup|<----------|?|----------------->|DROther|
+------+---------->+-+<-----+ +-------+
Neighbor | |
Change | |Neighbor
| |Change
| +--+
+---->|DR|
+--+
+-------+
|ExStart|
+-------+
|
NegotiationDone|
+->+--------+
|Exchange|
+--+--------+
|
Exchange|
Done |
+----+ | +-------+
|Full|<---------+----->|Loading|
+----+<-+ +-------+
| LoadingDone |
+------------------+
Down Down
Hello(DR=0,seen=0)
------------------------------>
Hello (DR=RT2,seen=RT1,...) Init
<------------------------------
ExStart D-D (Seq=x,I,M,Master)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y,I,M,Master) ExStart
<------------------------------
Exchange D-D (Seq=y,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Master) Exchange
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+1,M,Slave)
------------------------------>
...
...
...
D-D (Seq=y+n, Master)
<------------------------------
D-D (Seq=y+n, Slave)
Loading ------------------------------>
LS Request Full
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
LS Request
------------------------------>
LS Update
<------------------------------
Full
....................................
. 192.1.2 Area 1 .
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ _______N3 .
. + \/ \ . 1+---+
. * 192.1.1 *------|RT4|
. + /\_______/ . +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+8 . 6+---+
. | |RT3|----------------|RT6|
. + +---+ . +---+
. 192.1.3 |2 . 18.10.0.6|7
. | . |
. +------------+ .
. 192.1.4 (N4) .
....................................
........................
. Area 1 (transit) . +
. . |
. +---+1 1+---+100 |
. |RT2|----------|RT4|=========|
. 1/+---+********* +---+ |
. /******* . |
. 1/*Virtual . |
1+---+/* Link . Net|work
=======|RT1|* . | N1
+---+\ . |
. \ . |
. \ . |
. 1\+---+1 1+---+20 |
. |RT3|----------|RT5|=========|
. +---+ +---+ |
. . |
........................ +
+------------+
| |
+--->| DOWN |
| | |
| +------------+
| |
^ |
| @
| +------------+
| |Master/Slave|
|-<--| |<---+
| |Negotiation | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | Cache | |
|-<--| |-->-|
| | Summarize | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | Update | |
|-<--| |-->-|
| | Cache | |
| +------------+ |
| | |
^ | ^
| @ |
| +------------+ |
| | | |
+-<--| Aligned |-->-+
| |
+------------+
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | BR1 |
| | | |
| | | |
VRID=1 +-----+ +-----+
IP A ---------->* *<--------- IP B
| |
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP A) (IP A)
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 |
+-----+ +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+
Legend:
---+---+---+-- = Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
H = Host computer
MR = Master Router
BR = Backup Router
* = IP Address
(IP) = default router for hosts
+-----+ +-----+
| MR1 | | MR2 |
| & | | & |
| BR2 | | BR1 |
VRID=1 +-----+ +-----+ VRID=2
IP A ---------->* *<---------- IP B
| |
| |
| |
------------------+------------+-----+--------+--------+--------+--
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP B) (IP B)
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 |
+-----+ +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+
Legend:
---+---+---+-- = Ethernet, Token Ring, or FDDI
H = Host computer
MR = Master Router
BR = Backup Router
* = IP Address
(IP) = default router for hosts
------------------------
| Application |
------------------------
| Presentation |
------------------------
| Session |
------------------------
| Transport |
------------------------ -------------------------
| Network (e.g., IP) | / Network VNS |
----------------------------- |
| Data Link |--------------------------
----------------------------- |
| Physical | \ data link (e.g., ATM) |
------------------------ -------------------------
...----[L]----+---[L]-----...
|
|
[H]
|
________|________________________
| |
________|__ ______|________
| | | |
| PSTN [R] [R] ISDN |
| Cloud | | Cloud [N]__[U]
| | Internet | |
| | [R] |
[N]______[R] |_____________|
| | |
| | |
[U] |________________________________|
|
37 + g
|
35 +
|
33 +
|
31 +
|
29 +
|
27 +
| g blocksize n-time g-time
25 + --------- ------ ------
s | n 512 23.85 37.05
e 23 + g 1024 16.15 25.65
c | 1428 13.70 23.10
o 21 + 2048 10.90 16.90
n | 4096 6.85 9.65
d 19 + 8192 4.90 6.15
s |
17 + g
| n
15 +
| n
13 +
|
11 + n
| g
9 +
|
7 + n
| g
5 + n
"
0 +------+------+--+---+------+------+---
512 1K | 2K 4K 8K
1428
blocksize (octets)
Session Open --------->
<----------- Open confirm
data exchange
---------------------->
<-------------------------
.
.
.
Session Close ----------------->
.
.
.
<------------------------- Session Open
Open confirm ------------------->
data exchange
<-------------------------
---------------------->
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| COM | | UK | | FR |
+-----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| VAUGHAN | | AC | | CO | | UNIV-AVIGNON | | AXA |
+---------+ +----+ +----+ +--------------+ +-----+
| | | | |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| UNIX | | NEWPORT | | CITYDESK | | SOL | | MAIL |
+------+ +---------+ +----------+ +-----+ +------+
| |
+----+ +-----+
| NS | | FTP |
+----+ +-----+
-*
*-------------* *-------* |
|Configuration| | Path | |
| Services | |Control| |
*-------------* *-------* |
A A A |
| | | |
| | V |
| | *-----* | APPN/HPR
| | | RTP | |
| | *-----* |
| | A |
| | | |
| | V |
| | *-----* |
| | | NCL | |
| | *-----* |
| *------------* A -*
| | |
V V V -*
*---------* *---------* |
| DLC |--->| LDLC | |
| manager | | | |
*---------* *---------* |
| A | | IP DLC
*-----------* | *----* |
V | | |
*---------* | |
| LINK | | |
| DEMUX | | |
*---------* | |
A *-* -*
| |
| V
*---------*
| UDP |
*---------*
A
|
V
*---------*
| IP |
*---------*
*----------------------------------------------*
| NOF CS DLC |
*----------------------------------------------*
. DEFINE_DLC(RQ) .
1 o----------------->o
. DEFINE_DLC(RSP) |
2 o<-----------------*
. START_DLC(RQ) . create
3 o----------------->o------------------->o
. START_DLC(RSP) | .
4 o<-----------------* .
. DEFINE_PORT(RQ) . .
5 o----------------->o .
. DEFINE_PORT(RSP) | .
6 o<-----------------* .
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . .
.CONNECT_OUT(RQ) . create . .
o--------------->o-------------->o . .
. | new LDLC . .
. o----------------------------->o .
CONNECT_OUT(+RSP)| . . .
o<---------------* . . .
| XID . XID(CMD) . XID
*------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . .
. CONNECT_IN(RQ) . XID(CMD) . XID . XID
o<---------------o<-----------------------------o<--------------o<-----
| CONNECT_IN(RSP). create . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
. | new LDLC . .
. o----------------------------->o .
. | XID(CMD) . . .
. *-------------->o . .
. XID | . .
o<-------------------------------* . .
| XID . XID(RSP) . XID
*------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . . .
. DEACT . DISC . DISC
o------------------------------->o----------------------------->o----->
. DEACT . DM . DM . DM
o<-------------------------------o<-------------o<--------------o<-----
| DISCONNECT(RQ) . destroy . . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
DISCONNECT(RSP) | . .
o<---------------* . .
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
|CS DLC LDLC DMUX UDP|
*------------------------------------------------------------------*
. . . . .
. DEACT . DISC . DISC . DISC
o<-------------------------------o<-------------o<--------------o<-----
| . | DM . DM
| . *----------------------------->o----->
| DISCONNECT(RQ) . destroy . . .
*--------------->o-------------->o . .
.DISCONNECT(RSP) | . .
o<---------------* . .
*-----------------------------------------------------*
| NO NOF CS |
*-----------------------------------------------------*
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK(RQ) DEFINE_CN(RQ) .
o------------------------>o----------------->o
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK(RSP) DEFINE_CN(RSP) |
o<------------------------o<-----------------*
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK_TG(RQ) DEFINE_CN_TG(RQ) .
o------------------------>o----------------->o
DEFINE_CONNECTION_NETWORK_TG(RSP) DEFINE_CN_TG(RSP)|
o<------------------------o<-----------------*
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*
| CS TRS DLC DMUX |
*--------------------------------------------------------------------*
. ACTIVATE_PORT(RQ) . create
o--------------------------------------->o----------------->o
. ACTIVATE_PORT(RSP) | .
o<---------------------------------------* .
| TG_UPDATE . . .
*------------------->o . .
. . . .
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG)
o<-------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC)
*------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI)|
lost<-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC)
o------------------------->o
SETMODE |
o<-------------------------*
fail because never
received XID3 (np, PRI)
*----------------------------------*
|Node A Node B |
*----------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, S, ^C)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
4 o-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
5 o<--------------------------*
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, C)
6 *-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
7 o<--------------------------*
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, ^S)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, ^S)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, S, ^C)
4 o-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
5 o<--------------------------*
fail
*---------------------------------*
|Node A Node B|
*---------------------------------*
o
o
o
XID3 (np, NEG, S, ^C)
1 o<--------------------------o
|XID3 (np, SEC, ^S)
2 *-------------------------->o
XID3 (np, PRI, S, ^C)|
3 lost <-----------*
time out
XID3 (np, SEC, ^S)
4 o-------------------------->o
SETMODE |
5 o<--------------------------*
fail
*--------* access link *--------* *--------*
| HPR |-------------| IP |-----| IP |
| node | | Router | | Router |
*--------* *--------* *--------*
| |
| |
| |
*--------* *--------* access link *--------*
| IP |-----| IP |-------------| HPR |
| Router | | Router | | node |
*--------* *--------* *--------*
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 6.1.1 IP Format for LLC Commands and Responses |
| |
| The formats described here are used for the |
| following LLC commands and responses: XID |
| command and response, TEST command and response, |
| DISC command, and DM response. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Format for LLC Commands and Responses |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Byte | Bit | Content |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
| | | Note 3: Rules for encoding the IEEE 802.2 LLC header |
| | | can be found in ISO/IEC 8802-2:1994 (ANSI/IEEE Std |
| | | 802.2, 1994 Edition), Information technology - |
| | | Telecommunications and information exchange between |
| | | systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - |
| | | Specific requirements - Part 2: Logical Link Control. |
+-------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
HA FW MN
<=====================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<===================================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<+++++++++++++++++++++> SKIP authentication
<===================================> SKIP encryption
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
HA FW MN
<============><=====================> SKIP (AH + ESP)
<-----------------------------------> Registration Request path
REGISTRATION REQUEST: BETWEEN THE MOBILE NODE AND THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Request |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
REGISTRATION REQUEST: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE HOME AGENT
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Request |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+--------------+
REGISTRATION REPLY: BETWEEN THE HOME AGENT AND THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Reply |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
REGISTRATION REPLY: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE MOBILE NODE
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | Reg. Reply |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------------+
DATA PACKET: FROM THE MOBILE NODE VIA THE FIREWALL
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------+
| IP Hdr (SKIP) | SKIP Hdr | AH | ESP | Inner IP Hdr | ULP |
+---------------+----------+----+-----+--------------+------+
DATA PACKET: BETWEEN THE HOME AGENT AND THE FIREWALL
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| IP Hdr | SKIP | AH | ESP | mobip | Inner | ULP |
| (SKIP) | Hdr | | | IP Hdr | IP Hdr | |
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
DATA PACKET: BETWEEN THE FIREWALL AND THE MOBILE NODE
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| IP Hdr | SKIP | AH | ESP | mobip | Inner | ULP |
| (SKIP) | Hdr | | | IP Hdr | IP Hdr | |
+--------+------+----+-----+--------+--------+-----+
| State
| 0 1 2 3 4 5
Events| Initial Starting Closed Stopped Closing Stopping
------+-----------------------------------------------------------
Up | 2 irc,scr/6 - - - -
Down | - - 0 tls/1 0 1
Open | tls/1 1 irc,scr/6 3r 5r 5r
Close| 0 tlf/0 2 2 4 4
|
TO+ | - - - - str/4 str/5
TO- | - - - - tlf/2 tlf/3
| |
| | LISTEN
SYN_SENT |----------------------- |
| \ syn j |
| ----------------->| SYN_RCVD
| |
| ------------------|
| syn k, ack j+1 / |
ESTABLISHED |<---------------------- |
| |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
| Protocol ID | Information | Padding |
| 8/16 bits | | |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
Figure 2
+-------------+-------------+---------+
| Protocol ID | Information | Padding |
| 8/16 bits | | |
+-------------+-------------+---------+
Figure 2
+---------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon|
+---------------+
| |
| |
| | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |
+------------+ | |
+-----------------+
|
+-----------+
| Network |
| Interface |
+-----------+
+---------------+
|Routing Daemon|
+---------------+
| |
| |
| | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | OS Kernel
+------------+ +---------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP |
| or SADB |---| |
+------------+ +---------+
|
+-----------+
| Network |
| Interface |
+-----------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon| | Application |
+---------------+ +-------------+
| | /
| | /
| | | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]==========================
| | | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |
+------------+ | |
+-----------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
|Key Mgmt Daemon| | OSPF daemon |
+---------------+ +-------------+
| | / / |
| /------|----+ / |
| / | +---+ | Applications
======[PF_KEY]====[PF_INET]===========[PF_ROUTE]================
| | | | OS Kernel
+------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
| Key Engine | | TCP/IP, | | Routing |
| or SADB |---| including IPsec |--| Table |
+------------+ | | +---------+
+-----------------+
+-------------+ Application Communication +-------------+
| Application |---------------------------| Application |
| Program | "Pipe 1" | Program |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| TIP TM API TIP TM API |
| |
+-----------------+ TIP 2-pc Protocol +-----------------+
| TIP Transaction |-----------------------| TIP Transaction |
| Manager | "Pipe 2" | Manager |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
______________ ______________
--+/ \+--------------+/ \+----------
( P1 ) +----+ ( P3 ) +----+
+\______________/ | |----+\______________/+--| |--
| +--| X1 | +| X2 |
| ______________ / | |-+ ______________ / | |--
+/ \+ +-+--+ \ / \+ +----+
( P2 ) / \ +( P4 )
--+\______________/ / \ \______________/
| / \ | |
| / | | |
| / | | |
_|_ _/_ _|_ _|_ _|_
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \
( S.A ) ( S.B ) ( P5 ) ( P6 )( S.C )
\___/ \___/ \___/ \___/ \___/
| / \
_|_ _/_ \ ___
/ \ / \ +-/ \
( S.D ) ( S.E ) ( S.F )
\___/ \___/ \___/
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
<--Public Topology---> Site
<-------->
Topology
<------Interface Identifier----->
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA1 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA1 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 24-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA2 | Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |24-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|NLA3 | Site ID| SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 16-n | 64 bits |
+-----+------------+-------------------------------------+
|SLA1 | Subnet | Interface ID |
+-----+------------+-------------------------------------+
| m |16-n-m | 64 bits |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------+
|SLA2|Subnet | Interface ID |
+----+-------+-------------------------------------+
QoS VCs
+-----+ --------------> +----+
| | --------------> | |
| Src | | R1 |
| | Best Effort VC(s) | |
+-----+ <-----------------> +----+
/\
||
||
RSVP Control
Messages
______
/ \
+-------- / Router \ <-------+
| \ / | <....... RESVs Follow
| \______/ | Hop-by-hop Path
| |
| |
V QoS VCs |
+-----+ ==============> +----+
| | ==============> | |
| Src | | R1 |
| | Best Effort VC(s) | |
+-----+ <=================> +----+
/\
:: Data Paths:
:: ----> Hop-by-hop (routed)
PATHs and Data ====> Short-cut
Follow Short-cut
Path
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Mulicast
Group
+-----+
| | --------------> +----+
| Src | --------------> | R1 |
| *| --------------> +----+
+-----+ QoS VCs
/\
||
VC ||
Initiator
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Mulicast
Group
_________
/ \
/ Multicast \
\ Server /
\_________/
^ | |
| | +--------+
+-----+ | | |
| | -------+ | | Data Flow:
| Src | ...+......|....+ V ----> Server
| | : | : +----+ ....> Mesh
+-----+ : | +...>| R1 |
: | +----+
: V
: +----+
+..> | R2 |
+----+
IP ATM
____________________
| IWF |
| |
admission and <--> | service mapping | <--> ATM
policy control | VC management | signalling &
| address resolution | admission
|....................| control
| |
classification, |ATM Adaptation Layer| cell
policing & <--> | Segmentation and | <--> scheduling/
scheduling | Reassembly | shaping
| Buffering |
____________________
+-----+
| | --------------> +----+
| Src | --------------> | R1 |
| *| --------------> +----+
+-----+ QoS VCs
/\
||
VC ||
Initiator
+----+
+------> | R1 |
| +----+
|
| +----+
+-----+ -----+ +--> | R2 |
| | ---------+ +----+ Receiver Request Types:
| Src | ----> QoS 1 and QoS 2
| | .........+ +----+ ....> Best-Effort
+-----+ .....+ +..> | R3 |
: +----+
/\ :
|| : +----+
|| +......> | R4 |
|| +----+
Single
IP Multicast
Group
ATM SW ATM SW
+------------+ UNI +----+ NNI +----+ UNI +------------+
____|Intermediate|--||--| \/ |______| \/ |--||--|Intermediate|____
| (Upstream) | | /\ | | /\ | |(Downstream)|
+------------+ +----+ +----+ +------------+
SCMP
------->(S)<------------------------------------------>(S)<-------
\ UNI Sig. UNI Sig. /
CONNECT | (Q)<--------->(Q)<-------->(Q)<--------->(Q) |
-------->| |
ACK <----|--------------------CONNECT------------------>| CONNECT
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|-------->
| |<--- ACK
| | ACCEPT
| |<--------
|<-------------------ACCEPT--------------------|---> ACK
|----------------------ACK-------------------->|
| |
|->|----SETUP--->| | | |
| |<-CALL PROC--|----------->|----SETUP--->|->|
| | | |<----CONN----|<-|
ACCEPT | |<----CONN----|<-----------|--CONN ACK-->|->|
<--------|<-|--CONN ACK-->| | | |
ACK ---->| |
| |
-------\ |--------------------------------------------\ |-------\
>| ST2+ Data >| >
-------/ |--------------------------------------------/ |-------/
| |
DISCONN | |
-------->| |
ACK <----|-------------------DISCONNECT---------------->|
|<---------------------ACK---------------------|
| |
|->|---RELEASE-->| | | |
|<-|<--REL COMP--|----------->|---RELEASE-->|->| DISCONN
| | | |<--REL COMP--|<-|-------->
| |<--- ACK
_____
/ \
(Origin )
\ /
A ~~|~~ A
| = | UNI Signaling
| | |
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling
| +-+-+ V
| | X | ATM SW
| +-+-+ A
| | |
| = | UNI Signaling
V | V
+-----+------+ IEEE 802.X & 802.1p
| |<---------------------+
|Intermediate|--------------------+ |
| |<-----------------+ | |
+------------+ L2 Signaling| | |
A | A | | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | | SCMP
| | | | | |
| +-+-+ V | | |
| | X | ATM SW V | |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
SCMP | | | NNI Signaling | \ /| |
| +-+-+ V | X | |LAN SW
| | X | ATM SW | / \| |
| +-+-+ A +---+-|-+
| | | A | |
| = | UNI Signaling | | |
V __|__ V V_|_V
/ \ / \
(Target ) (Target )
\ / \ /
~~~~~ ~~~~~
+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ data | ST2+
| header| | Data PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+-------+---------------------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
| header| | SCMP PDU
+-------+---------------------------+
: :
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+------+----------------+
| ST | ST2+ SCMP | ST2+
|header| | SCMP PDU
+------+----------------+
: :
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
|LLC|OUI|PID| Information | IEEE 802 SNAP
| | | | | ISO 8802-2 LLC
+---+---+---+-----------------------+
: :
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| CPCS_PDU |PAD|CPCS_PDU| AAL5
| payload | |trailer | CPCS_PDU
+---------------------------------------+--------+
+---------+---------+-------------------+
| Kind=19 |Length=18| MD5 digest... |
+---------+---------+-------------------+
| |
+---------------------------------------+
| |
+---------------------------------------+
| |
+-------------------+-------------------+
| |
+-------------------+
AS1 AS2 AS3
___________ _____________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B------B B----B |
| | | | | |
-----B----- B------------- --B---------
\ / /
\ / /
____B_____B____ _________B______
| | | |
| B-------B |
| | | |
| B-------B |
--------------- ----------------
AS4 AS5
AS1 AS2 AS3
___________ _____________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B------B1 B2----B |
| | | | | |
-----B----- B3------------ --B---------
\ /
\ /
____B_____B____
| |
| |
| |
| |
---------------
AS4
Domain A Domain B Domain C
____________ ___________ ____________
| | | | | |
| B1------B2 B3---B4 |
| | | | | |
------------ ----------- ------------
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+------------------------+---+--+
| DLCI (high order) |C/R|EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
| DLCI (lower) |FECN|BECN|DE |EA|
+--------------+----+----+---+--+
\ | /
+---------------+
|Backbone Router|
+---------------+
WAN |
|
Stub domain border .......|.........
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=172.87.0.100, 80 } v | d=172.87.0.100, 23 }
v +------------------+ :
v |Border Router with| :
v |LSNAT enabled on | :
v |WAN interface | :
v +------------------+ :
v | :
v | LAN :
------v----------------------:---
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | | |:{s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=172.85.0.1, 80 } | | | d=172.85.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
172.85.0.1 172.85.0.2 172.85.0.3
\ | /
+---------------+
|Backbone Router|
+---------------+
WAN |
|
Stub domain border ........|.........
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=198.76.28.4, 80 }v | :d=198.76.28.4, 23 }
v+-------------------+:
v|Border Router with |:
v| LSNAT and NAPT |:
v|enabled on WAN link|:
v+-------------------+:
v | :
v | LAN :
------v---------------------:------
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | | | : {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=10.0.0.1, 80 } | | | d=10.0.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
\ | /
+---------------+
| Router |
+---------------+
WAN |
|
|
{s=198.76.29.7, 2745, v | {s=198.23.47.2, 3200,
d=198.76.28.4, 80 }v | 198.76.28.4 :d=198.76.28.4, 23 }
v +----------------+ :
v | A Router with | :
v | LS-NAPT enabled| :
v | on WAN link | :
v +----------------+ :
v | :
v LAN | :
------v---------------------:------
{s=198.76.28.4, 7001, v| | |:{s=198.76.28.4,7002,
d=172.85.0.1, 80 } | | | d=172.85.0.3, 23 }
+--+ +--+ +--+
|S1| |S2| |S3|
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
172.85.0.1 172.85.0.2 172.85.0.3
Datagram size,|
bytes | 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384
--------------|----------------------------------------------------
Compression |1.18 1.28 1.43 1.58 1.74 1.91 2.04 2.11 2.14
ratio |
.----------------------------------------------------------.
| .----------------------------------------------------. |
| | .----------------------------------------------. | |
| | | .----------------------------------------. | | |
| | | | .----------------------------------. | | | |
| | | | | <relative_reference> | | | | |
| | | | `----------------------------------' | | | |
| | | | (5.1.1) Base URI embedded in the | | | |
| | | | document's content | | | |
| | | `----------------------------------------' | | |
| | | (5.1.2) Base URI of the encapsulating entity | | |
| | | (message, document, or none). | | |
| | `----------------------------------------------' | |
| | (5.1.3) URI used to retrieve the entity | |
| `----------------------------------------------------' |
| (5.1.4) Default Base URI is application-dependent |
`----------------------------------------------------------'
S T A T U S
Req Rec Ele Lim Not
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Std | X | XXX | XXX | | |
S +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Draft | X | X | XXX | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Prop | | X | XXX | | |
A +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Info | | | | | |
T +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Expr | | | | XXX | |
E +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Hist | | | | | XXX |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 | |
| | | |
| -----Security Association 1 (ESP transport)------- |
| |
-------Security Association 2 (AH transport)----------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 | |
| | | |
| -------Security Association 1 (tunnel)---------- | |
| |
---------Security Association 2 (tunnel)--------------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| | Gwy 1 Gwy 2 |
| | | |
| ----Security Association 1 (tunnel)---- |
| |
---------Security Association 2 (tunnel)-------------
Host 1 --- Security ---- Internet -- Security --- Host 2
| Gwy 1 Gwy 2 |
| | | |
| --Security Assoc 1 (tunnel)- |
| |
-----------Security Association 2 (tunnel)-----------
===========================
| |
---------------------|---- ---|-----------------------
| | | | | |
| H1 -- (Local --- SG1* |--- (Internet) ---| SG2* --- (Local --- H2 |
| Intranet) | | Intranet) |
-------------------------- ---------------------------
admin. boundary admin. boundary
===============================================================
| |
| ========================= |
| | | |
---|-----------------|---- ---|-------------------|---
| | | | | | | |
| H1* -- (Local --- SG1* |-- (Internet) --| SG2* --- (Local --- H2* |
| Intranet) | | Intranet) |
-------------------------- ---------------------------
admin. boundary admin. boundary
======================================================
| |
|============================== |
|| | |
|| ---|----------------------|---
|| | | | |
H1* ----- (Internet) ------| SG2* ---- (Local ----- H2* |
^ | Intranet) |
| ------------------------------
could be dialup admin. boundary (optional)
to PPP/ARA server
<-- How Outer Hdr Relates Inner Hdr --->
Outer Hdr at Inner Hdr at
IPv6 Encapsulator Decapsulator
Header fields: -------------------- ------------
version 6 (1) no change
class copied or configured (6) no change
flow id copied or configured no change
len constructed no change
next header AH,ESP,routing hdr no change
hop limit constructed (2) decrement (2)
src address constructed (3) no change
dest address constructed (3) no change
Extension headers never copied no change
H1 =================== H3
\ | | /
H0 -- SG1* ---- R1 ---- SG2* ---- R2 -- H5
/ ^ | \
H2 |........| H4
Socket 1 -------------------------|
|
Socket 2 (ESPx/SPI-A) ---------- AHx (SPI-B) -- Internet
==================================
| |
H1* --- R1 ----- R2 ---- R3 ---- H2*
^ |
|.......|
BEFORE APPLYING AH
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
---------------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | | |
|(any options)| AH | TCP | Data |
---------------------------------
|<------- authenticated ------->|
except for mutable fields
BEFORE APPLYING AH
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | |hop-by-hop, dest*, | | dest | | |
|orig IP hdr |routing, fragment. | AH | opt* | TCP | Data |
------------------------------------------------------------
|<---- authenticated except for mutable fields ----------->|
------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | new IP hdr* | | orig IP hdr* | | |
|(any options)| AH | (any options) |TCP | Data |
------------------------------------------------
|<- authenticated except for mutable fields -->|
| in the new IP hdr |
--------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs*| | | ext hdrs*| | |
|new IP hdr*|if present| AH |orig IP hdr*|if present|TCP|Data|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|<-- authenticated except for mutable fields in new IP hdr ->|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (IV) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
-------------------------------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | ESP | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| Hdr | TCP | Data | Trailer |Auth|
-------------------------------------------------
|<----- encrypted ---->|
|<------ authenticated ----->|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | orig |hop-by-hop,dest*,| |dest| | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr|routing,fragment.|ESP|opt*|TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
---------------------------------------------------------
|<---- encrypted ---->|
|<---- authenticated ---->|
-----------------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | new IP hdr* | | orig IP hdr* | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| ESP | (any options) |TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
-----------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encrypted ---------->|
|<----------- authenticated ---------->|
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | new* |new ext | | orig*|orig ext | | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr| hdrs* |ESP|IP hdr| hdrs * |TCP|Data|Trailer|Auth|
------------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encrypted ----------->|
|<---------- authenticated ---------->|
+------------+ +--------+ +--------------+
! DOI ! ! ! ! Application !
! Definition ! <----> ! ISAKMP ! ! Process !
+------------+ --> ! ! !--------------!
+--------------+ ! +--------+ ! Appl Protocol!
! Key Exchange ! ! ^ ^ +--------------+
! Definition !<-- ! ! ^
+--------------+ ! ! !
! ! !
!----------------! ! !
v ! !
+-------+ v v
! API ! +---------------------------------------------+
+-------+ ! Socket Layer !
! !---------------------------------------------!
v ! Transport Protocol (TCP / UDP) !
+----------+ !---------------------------------------------!
! Security ! <----> ! IP !
! Protocol ! !---------------------------------------------!
+----------+ ! Link Layer Protocol !
+---------------------------------------------+
+--------------+
| Architecture |
+--------------+
v v
+<-<-<-<-+ +->->->->+
v v
+----------+ +----------+
| ESP | | AH |
| Protocol | | Protocol |
+----------+ +----------+
v v v v
v +->->->->->->->->+ v v
v v v v v
v v v v v
v +------------+ +----------------+ v
v | +------------+ | +----------------+ v
v | | Encryption | | | Authentication | v
v +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | v
v +------------+ +----------------+ v
v v v v
v v +-----+ v v
+>->->->-+->->->->| DOI |<-<-<-<-+-<-<-<-<-+
+-----+
^
^
+------------+
| KEY |
| MANAGEMENT |
+------------+
C n2_________ ______ n6 S
l n3_________\ /______ n7 e
i \\ 1.5Mb, 50ms // r
e n0 ------------------------ n1 v
n n4__________// \ \_____ n8 e
t n5__________/ \______ n9 r
s s
Median Page Delays and Goodput (MB) | Link Utilization (%) & Drops (%)
#Webs IW=1 | IW=3 | IW=1 | IW=3
G.put dly | G.put dly | L.util Drops| L.util Drops
------------------|-------------------|---------------|---------------
16 35.5 0.64| 36.4 0.54 | 67 0.1 | 69 0.7
8/8 16.9 0.67| 18.9 0.52 | 68 0.5 |
------------------|-------------------|---------------|---------------
32 48.9 0.91| 44.7 0.68 | 92 3.5 | 85 4.3
16/16 22.8 0.94| 22.9 0.71 | 89 4.6 |
------------------|-------------------|---------------|----------------
64 51.9 1.50| 47.6 0.86 | 98 13.0 | 91 8.6
32/32 29.0 1.40| 22.0 1.20 | 98 12.0 |
+--------+ 100 Mbps +---+ 1.5 Mbps +---+ 9600 bps +----------+
| source +------------+ R +-------------+ R +--------------+ receiver |
+--------+ no delay +---+ 25 ms delay +---+ 150 ms delay +----------+
| |
| |
(we spy here) (this router has only 3 buffers
to hold packets going into the
9600 bps link)
Q.922 control
|
|
--------------------------------------------
| |
UI I Frame
| |
--------------------------------- --------------
| 0x08 | 0x81 |0xCC | 0x80 |..01.... |..10....
| | | | | |
Q.933 CLNP IP SNAP ISO 8208 ISO 8208
| | Modulo 8 Modulo 128
| |
-------------------- OUI
| | |
L2 ID L3 ID -------
| User | |
| Specified | |
| 0x70 802.3 802.6
|
---------------------------
|0x51 |0x4E | |0x4C |0x50
| | | | |
7776 Q.922 Others 802.2 User
Specified
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
First 6 bits | P-Bit | PLEN | Packet | Remarks
of Payload |(payload hdr.)| |
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
100000 | 1 | 0 | Picture | Typical Picture
100000 | 1 | > 0 | Picture | Note UFEP
1xxxxx | 1 | 0 | GOB/Slice/EOS/EOSBS | See possible GNs
1xxxxx | 1 | > 0 | GOB/Slice | See possible GNs
Xxxxxx | 0 | 0 | Follow-on |
Xxxxxx | 0 | > 0 | Follow-on | Interior Resync
--------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------
+-+ +-+ +-+ non-empty linked list means
| | | | | | <-- that there are routes with
+-+ +-+ +-+ defered action to be taken
^ ^ ^ N * delta-reuse seconds later.
| | |
+------+------+------+------+------+ +------+
| list | list | list | list | list | ... | list |
| head | head | head | head | head | ... | head |
+------+------+------+------+------+ +------+
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Nth 1st 2nd 3rd 4th N-1
|
offset to first list
(the offset is incremented every delta-reuse seconds)
+---------------+
PTag |7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+---------------+
Bit 7 -- Always one
Bit 6 -- New packet format if set
+--first octet--+-second octet--+--third octet--+
|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+-----------+---+-------+-------+---+-----------+
|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|
+--1.index--+--2.index--+--3.index--+--4.index--+
application/batch-SMTP object
+----------------+
| |
+-----------+ v +----------+ v +-----------+
| batch | | MIME- | | batch |
=> | SMTP | => | capable | => | SMTP | =>
| generator | |transport | | processor |
^ +-----------+ +----------+ +-----------+ ^
| |
+-- conventional SMTP/RFC822 message transaction --+
+----------+ +----------+
| | iTIP | |
| Sender |<-------------------->| Receiver |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
| 3| 13 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP| TLA |RES| NLA | SLA | Interface ID |
| | ID | | ID | ID | |
+--+-----+---+--------+--------+--------------------------------+
<--Public Topology---> Site
<-------->
Topology
<------Interface Identifier----->
| 3 | 13 | 13 | 19 |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
| FP | TLA | Sub-TLA | NLA |
| | ID | | ID |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (8 octets) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
|IR1| |IR2| |IR3| |XR1| |XR2| |XR3|
--+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+-- --+--
| | | | | |
--+-------+-------+---------------+-------+-------+--
<-------------RIP-2------------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 EBN2
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |--------------->|
(2) |---------->
(3)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 NN/PBN
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |--------------------------->
(2)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
NN/PBN EBN1
PLU SLU
---------------------------->|
(1) |---------->
(2)
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 EBN2
PLU SLU
COS A
---------------------------->|
COS B
|---------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
EBN1 NN/PBN
PLU SLU
COS A
----------->|
COS B
|--------------------------->
**subnet 1**|-----ISTG ------|**subnet 2**
NN/PBN EBN1
PLU SLU
COS A
---------------------------->|
COS B
|---------->
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[----]-.-.-.-. Internet .-.
\_____ _______/ |
__ \__./ __ .
[__] / [__] |
[----]-. [----]-.
/--\
()/\()__
/__\ \ .................................
\ ! ! ! /--\
__ \ [-!-] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / __
\\=======[CO ]____/ \ \
[---]________[Fax]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
CO Central Office (Telephone Exchange)
/--\
() ()
-- .................................
/ \<--- ^ ! ! /--\
/----\ \ ! v ! () ()
A' \ [-!-] [-!-] ! --
\__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ v ->-/ \
[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / /----\
\\=======[CO ]____/ B'
Time = 14:00 [---]
/--\ [---]
() () [SN ]
--___ [|--]
/++\ \ |
/----\ \ |
\ |
A \ [|-!]
\->[CO ]
[---]
Time = 13:55
/--\ [---]
() () [SN ]
-- [|--] /--\
/ \<-- | ............................... () ()
/----\ \ | ^ ! ! --
\ | / v v / \
A' \ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] ->-/----\
\--[CO ] [CO ] [CO ] /
[---] [---] [---]___/ B'
Time = 14:00
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[-++-]-.-.>.-. Internet .-.-
\_____ _______/ .
\___/ v
[----] .
[PINT]-.-
[----]
%
v
[---]
[SN ]
[|--]
_____
__ _____/ \_____
[__] / \
[----]-.-.-.-. Internet .-.-
\_____ _______/ .
\___/ |
[----] .
[PINT]-.-
[-%--]
%
%
/--\ [-%-]
() () [SN ]
-- [|--] /--\
/ \<-- | .................... () ()
/----\ \ | ^ ! ! --
\ | / v v / \
A' \ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] ->-/----\
\--[CO ]=======[CO ]======[CO ] /
[---] [---] [---]__/ B'
Internet __ __
Server [__] _______ [__]
[W3S-]-. ___/ .-.-.-[W3C-] Internet
_________________|/.-.-.-.-. \ Terminal
/ .. . \
| Internet / . \ |
\___________ . . . /
\/___|____\_________/
. . .
/ | \
(A) (B) (E)
. . .
_|_ _|_ _|_
[SN ]<-(D)--[SMS]--(H)->[SCP]
[|-|] --- [-!-]
/ \ !
(C) (I) ...........(F)...!.(G).
/ \ ! !
[--|] [|-!] [-!-]
[CO ] [MSC] [SSP]
[---] [---] \|/ [---]
/--\ | |____| | /--\
()/\() | | ()/\()
/--\___| 1 |___/--\
Fixed PSTN Terminal [] Fixed PSTN Terminal
Mobile Terminal
_____ _______ _____
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |<--(p0)----|[W3C]|
|[---]| | [WSA] | |[FS.]|
|-----| | ! | |[-!-]|
| (p1) | |--\--|
| ! | ^
| ! | (p6)
| ! | \
| (p1) | \
| ! | \
|[Srvlt]| \
|___!___| \
! \
(p3) \
Internet ! !
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.!.+.+.+.+.+.
PSTN/IN _______________!_________________ ____!_____ __________
|I [PktFlt] I| |[PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
|N Gateway N| | ! | | ! |
|A ___________________________ A| | ! | | ! |
|P | | P| | ! | |[SNMPAg]|
-(p4)-- |A | <-(p4)-> [SCP] <-(p4)-> | A|-(p5)->|[SR/IIP]| | [SMS] |
\ |d | [-^-] | d| |[------]| | [-^-] |
\ |__| ! |__| |________| |___!____|
\ ! !
[-v-] !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[SSP]
[---]
___| |______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ _______
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
| ! |
| ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[SSTPC]|-<----------------------------------
|___!___| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[-v-] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ ________
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[WS/CBS]|
|[Adaptr]|
|___!____|
^
(p2)
_____ ___v____
|[CBC]| | [CBS] |
|[---]|<---(p2)-->| [---] |-<---------------------------------
|-----| |___!____| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[---] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
_____ ________
|[W3C]|----(p0)-->| [W3S] |
|[---]| | [WSA] |
|-----| | ! |
| (p1) |
| ! |
|[WS/ ]|
|[ SCTPS]|
|[Adaptr]|
|___!____|
^
(p2)
_______ ___v___
|[SCTPC]| |[SCTPS]|
|[-----]| <-(p2)--> |[-----]|-<----------------------------------
|-------| |___!___| !
! (p8)
(p3) !
Internet ! v
.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. v .+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+.+. ! .+.+.
PSTN/IN _______________!__________________________________ ____!_____
| [PktFlt] Service [PktFlt]| |[PktFlt]|
| ! Node | | ! |
| [SCF Adaptor] | | ! |
| ! | |[SNMPAg]|
|[SSF]<-(p4)->[SCF] <-------(p4)--------> [SRF] | | [SMS] |
|[|--] [-^-] [---] | | [-^-] |
|_|_____________!________________________________| |___!____|
| ! !
[---] (p7) !-----------------(p9)-----------------!
[CO.]____|
[---]
___| |_______
| |
| /--\ | /--\
| ()/\() | ()/\()
|__/__\ |____/__\
Web Users
____________
O -------------------------- | Internet |-------------------
------------ |
|
|
---------------- -------------- ------------
| Service Node | D | Service | B |Web Server|
| (SN) |------------| Management |---------------| |
| | |System (SMS)| | |
| | A -------------- | |
| |-----------------------------------------| |
---------------- ------------
| |
| I | C
| |
----------- ---------
|Mobile | |Central|
|Switching| |Office |
| Center | ---------
----------- |
| |
| |
O O
________________
/
1 _____ / 2 _____
/|________________| |________| | PSTN
|____| \ |____|
Call \ / SCF\
Broker \ / SN \
\_____________
/ \
/ \
/ \
__ __
/\ /\
llllllllllllllll
l l
l Call Broker l Authentication
l Server l Function
l ______ l Interface 2a ______
l | |x x xlx x x x x x x x x | |
l |______|x l |____|
l x x l
l x xl Interface 2b
lSession State lx
l Mnmgt. x l x Usage Recording
l Function l x Function
l _______ x l x ______
l | | l x x x | |
l |_____| xl |____|
llllllllllllllll
x
x Interface 2c
x
_______
| |
|_____|
+------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+
| | | | SCTP | | | |
| |----| |-------| |----| |
| | | | | | | |
+------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+
User's PC Web Server/ PINT Gateway SN/SCP/Switch
CGI
+------+
HTML | | INTERNET
+-----+ /--------------| |
| |---/ +------+
| | Web Server
| |---\
+-----+ \
User's PC \ SCTP +------+ +------+
\------------| |-------| | PSTN
| | | |
+------+ +------+
PINT Gateway SN/SCP/Switch
/--\
()/\()__
/__\ \ .................................
\ ! ! ! /--\
__ \ [-!-] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / __
\\=======[CO ]____/ \ \
[---]________[Fax]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
/--\
() ()
--____
/++\ \ ................................. /--\
/----\ \ ^ v ! () ()
A \ [-!-] [-!-] ! --
\->[CO ]=========[CO ]==\\ v ->-/ \
[---] [---] \\ [-!-] / /----\
\\=======[CO ]____/ B
[---]
Key: ___ Access Lines
=== Trunk Links (inter-CO user data links)
... Inter-CO signaling network links
CO Central Office (Telephone Exchange)
[---] [---] [---]
/--\ [SRF] [SCF] [SDF]
()/\()__ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-]
/__\ \ || \.............!......!........
\ || / ! ! /--\
__ \ [|-!] [-!-] ! ()/\()
\ \ \__[SSF] [CCF] ! ___/__\
[Fax]________[CCF]=========[---]==\\ [!--] / __
\\========[CCF]__/ \ \
[---]_______[Fax]
Key: ___ access relationship
=== trunk relationship
... signaling relationship
[---] [---] [---] [---]
/--\ [I.P] [SCP] [SDP] [SN ]
()/\()__ [|-!] [-!-] [-!-] [--|]
/__\ \ || \.............!.....!..... |
\ || / ! \ | /--\
__ \ [|-!] [-!-] \ | ()/\()
\ \ \__[SSP]=========[CO ]==\\ \ | ___/__\
[Fax]________[---] [---] \\ [!-|] / __
\\=======[CO ]__/ \ \
[---]_______[Fax]
+---+
| C | +------------+
| e | <-------------------->| End entity |
| r | Operational +------------+
| t | transactions ^
| | and management | Management
| / | transactions | transactions
| | | PKI users
| C | v
| R | -------------------+--+-----------+----------------
| L | ^ ^
| | | | PKI management
| | v | entities
| R | +------+ |
| e | <---------------------| RA | <---+ |
| p | Publish certificate +------+ | |
| o | | |
| s | | |
| I | v v
| t | +------------+
| o | <------------------------------| CA |
| r | Publish certificate +------------+
| y | Publish CRL ^
| | |
+---+ Management |
transactions |
v
+------+
| CA |
+------+
+---------------+------------------------
| IPv6 header | TCP header + data
| |
| Next Header = |
| TCP |
+---------------+------------------------
+---------------+----------------+------------------------
| IPv6 header | Routing header | TCP header + data
| | |
| Next Header = | Next Header = |
| Routing | TCP |
+---------------+----------------+------------------------
+---------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------
| IPv6 header | Routing header | Fragment header | fragment of TCP
| | | | header + data
| Next Header = | Next Header = | Next Header = |
| Routing | Fragment | TCP |
+---------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------
+------------------+----------------------//-----------------------+
| Unfragmentable | Fragmentable |
| Part | Part |
+------------------+----------------------//-----------------------+
+------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
| Unfragmentable | first | second | | last |
| Part | fragment | fragment | .... | fragment |
+------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+ fragment packets:
+------------------+--------+--------------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| first |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+--------------+
+------------------+--------+--------------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| second |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+--------------+
o
o
o
+------------------+--------+----------+
| Unfragmentable |Fragment| last |
| Part | Header | fragment |
+------------------+--------+----------+
+------------------+----------------------//------------------------+
| Unfragmentable | Fragmentable |
| Part | Part |
+------------------+----------------------//------------------------+
| 128 - N bits | N bits |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| link prefix | interface identifier |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
| 3 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 64 bits |
+---+-----+-----------+--------+--------------------------------+
|FP | TLA | NLA ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
| | ID | | | |
+---+-----+-----------+--------+--------------------------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|cccccccceeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+
most-significant least-significant
bit bit
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110eeeeeeee|eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
| 10 bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | Interface Identifier |
+----------+------------------------+-----------------------------+
Tunnel from node B to node C
<---------------------->
Tunnel Tunnel
Entry-Point Exit-Point
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
|A|-->--//-->--|B|=====>=====//=====>=====|C|-->--//-->--|D|
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Original
Packet Packet
Source Destination
Node Node
Fig.1 Tunnel
Tunnel from Node B to Node C
<------------------------>
Tunnel Tunnel
Original Entry-Point Exit-Point Original
Packet Node Node Packet
Source Destination
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| |-->--//-->--| |=====>=====//=====>======| |-->--//-->--| |
|A| |B| |C| |D|
| |--<--//--<--| |=====<=====//=====<======| |--<--//--<--| |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Original
Packet Packet
Destination Tunnel Tunnel Source
Node Exit-Point Entry-Point Node
Node Node
<------------------------->
Tunnel from Node C to Node B
Fig.2 Bi-directional Tunneling Mechanism
+----------------------------------//-----+
| Original | |
| | Original Packet Payload |
| Header | |
+----------------------------------//-----+
< Original Packet >
|
v
<Tunnel IPv6 Headers> < Original Packet >
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
| IPv6 | IPv6 | |
| | Extension | Original Packet |
| Header | Headers | |
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
< Tunnel IPv6 Packet >
+---------+- - - - - -+----------------------------------//-----+
| IPv6 | IPv6 | |
| | Extension | Original Packet |
| Header | Headers | |
+---------+- - - - - -+----------------------------------//-----+
< Tunnel IPv6 Packet >
|
v
+----------------------------------//-----+
| Original | |
| | Original Packet Payload |
| Headers | |
+----------------------------------//-----+
< Original Packet >
Outer Tunnel
<------------------------------------->
<--links--><-virtual link-><--links--->
Inner Tunnel
Outer Tunnel Outer Tunnel
Entry-Point Exit-Point
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |->-//->-| |=>=//=>=| |**>**//**>**| |=>=//=>==| |->-//->-| |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Inner Tunnel Inner Tunnel Original
Packet Entry-Point Exit-Point Packet
Source Node Node Destination
Node Node
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------------------+
| Upper | | Upper | | Upper |
| Layer | | Layer | | Layer |
| Proto.| | Proto | | IPv6 Tunnel |
| Error | | Error | | Error |
| Input | | Input | | Input |
| | | | | Decapsulate |
| | | | | -->--ICMPv6--#2->-- |
| | | | | | Payload | |
+-------+ +-------+ +--|-----------------|--+
| | | |
^ ^ ^ v
| | | |
--------------------#1-- -----Orig.Packet?--- - - - - - - -
#1 #3 Int.Error Code, #5 |
Int.Error Code,^ v Source Address, v v
ICMPv6 Payload | IPv6 | Orig. Packet | IPv4 |
+--------------+ +------------+ +------------+ + - - +
| | | | | |
| ICMP v6 | | ICMP v6 | | ICMP v4 | | |
| Input | | Err Report | | Err Report |
| - - - - +----+ - - - -| + - - - -+ + - - +
| | | |
| IPv6 Layer | | IPv4 Layer | | |
| | | |
+--------------------------------+ +------------+ + - - +
| | |
^ V V
#0 #4 #6
| | |
Tunnel ICMPv6 ICMPv6 ICMPv4
Message Message Message
| | |
+---------+ +--------+ +-------------------//------+
| New | | ICMP | | |
(c.2) | IPv4 | + | | + | Orig. Packet in Error |
| Header | | Header | | |
+---------+ +--------+ +-------------------//------+
|
v
+---------+--------+-------------------//------+
| New | ICMP | Original |
(d.2) | IPv4 | | |
| Header | Header | Packet in Error |
+---------+--------+-------------------//------+
< New ICMP Message >
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-------+
| |-------------------+
+----->| Meter | |
| | |--+ |
| +-------+ | |
| V V
+------------+ +--------+ +---------+
| | | | | Shaper/ |
packets =====>| Classifier |=====>| Marker |=====>| Dropper |=====>
| | | | | |
+------------+ +--------+ +---------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | 0 | 0 | RFC 791
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | RFC 1122
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | MBZ | RFC 1349
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DSCP | CU |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Mechanism Use Section Where
+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------+
| Path-MTU Discovery | Recommended | 3.1 | S |
| FEC | Recommended | 3.2 | L |
| TCP Congestion Control | | | |
| Slow Start | Required | 4.1.1 | S |
| Congestion Avoidance | Required | 4.1.1 | S |
| Fast Retransmit | Recommended | 4.1.2 | S |
| Fast Recovery | Recommended | 4.1.2 | S |
| TCP Large Windows | | | |
| Window Scaling | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| PAWS | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| RTTM | Recommended | 4.2 | S,R |
| TCP SACKs | Recommended | 4.4 | S,R |
+------------------------+-------------+------------+--------+
Table 1
---------------------------------------
| | | |
| | | |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
| H1| | H2| | H3| | R |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Token |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| UPDATE STATISTICS COUNTERS |
| |
|<-------------- NEAR END ----------->| |<--------- FAR END --------->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV ES CSS BES SES SEFS UAS DM PCV ES CSS BES SES SEFS UAS DM|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#A | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#B | ds3 C-bit Parity
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | |
|e | | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#C | ds3 C-bit Parity
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 44.736 MBPS | ds3 M13 Line#D | ds3 C-bit Parity
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| UPDATE STATISTICS COUNTERS |
| |
|<------------- NEAR END ---------------->| |<---- FAR END ----->|
| |
|LCV LES PCV CCV PES CES PSES CSES SEFS UAS CCV CES CSES SEFS UAS|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000001001001|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Security Association Identifier (SPI), 32 bits |
+===============+===============+===============+===============+
| Opaque Transform Data, variable length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+...............................+
: msb of session context ID : (if 16-bit CID)
+-------------------------------+
| lsb of session context ID |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | I | link sequence |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
: :
+ UDP checksum + (if nonzero in context)
: :
+...............................+
: :
+ "RANDOM" fields + (if encapsulated)
: :
+...............................+
: delta IPv4 ID : (if I = 1)
+-------------------------------+
| UDP data |
: (uncompressed RTP header) :
+---+ cert. publish +------------+ j
| | <--------------------- | End Entity | <-------
| C | g +------------+ "out-of-band"
| | | ^ loading
| e | | | initial
| r | a | | b registration/
| t | | | certification
| | | | key pair recovery
| / | | | key pair update
| | | | certificate update
| C | PKI "USERS" V | revocation request
| R | -------------------+-+-----+-+------+-+-------------------
| L | PKI MANAGEMENT | ^ | ^
| | ENTITIES a | | b a | | b
| | V | | |
| R | g +------+ d | |
| e | <------------ | RA | <-----+ | |
| p | cert. | | ----+ | | |
| o | publish +------+ c | | | |
| s | | | | |
| i | V | V |
| t | g +------------+ i
| o | <------------------------| CA |------->
| r | h +------------+ "out-of-band"
| y | cert. publish | ^ publication
| | CRL publish | |
+---+ | | cross-certification
e | | f cross-certificate
| | update
| |
V |
+------+
| CA-2 |
+------+
EE RA CA
---- req ---->
<--- chall ---
---- resp --->
---- req' --->
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<-----------------------VCC-------------------------->
------------ -----------
|ATM | |ATM |
|X-Connect | |X-Connect |
VCL1 |Point | VCL2 |Point | VCL3
O---------|----X-----|-------|-----|----X-----|-------O
| | | |
------------ ------------
ATM Switch ATM Switch
<-----------------------VPC-------------------------->
------------ -----------
|ATM | |ATM |
|X-Connect | |X-Connect |
VPL1 |Point | VPL2 |Point | VPL3
O---------|----X-----|-------|-----|----X-----|-------O
| | | |
------------ ------------
ATM Switch ATM Switch
<---------------------VCC--------------------------->
--------------------------------------
| |
| ---------- ---------- |
| | ATM | | ATM | |
VCL1 | | Switch | | Switch | | VCL3
O-------|-|--------|------/-------|--------|-|------O
| | | | | |
| ---------- ---------- |
| |
| ATM Network |
--------------------------------------
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
pvc| ATM |svc svc | ATM |svc svc | ATM |pvc
----| Switch |-----------| Switch |-----------| Switch |----
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
---------- ----------
UNI | ATM | NNI | ATM | UNI
| | switch | | | switch | |
O<---|---->X(UPC) |<----|------>| (UPC)X<-----|--->O
| VCL | | | VCL | | VCL |
---------- ----------
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| ATM | IF a IF b | ATM | IF c IF d | ATM |
| Device |--------------| Device |--------------| Device |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
MSB LSB
+----------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
Max bits Max Bits Max Max
supported supported Active (config.) current (negotiated)
by MIB by h/w Bits Bits
___________________________
| |
| ============= |
| | AAL5 | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
| | |
| -----Prop. Virtual Interface
| | |
| ============= |
| | ATM | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
|_____|__|__|__|__|_______|
| | | | |
---------------- ATM UNIs
| | | | |
| | | | |
v v v v v
__________________
| |
| AAL5 |
|________________|
| |
| Prop. Virtual |
| Interface |
|________________|
___________________________
| |
| ============= |
| | AAL5 | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
| | ATM | |
| | Entity | |
| ============= |
|___________|_____________|
|
__|__ ATM UNI
|
|
v
-- ________________________________
-- | |
-- VPL | ATM Host, Switch, or Network | VPL
-- receive | | receive
-- ========> X X <=======
-- <======== X X ========>
-- transmit | | transmit
-- |______________________________|
-- _________________________________________
-- | |
-- Low | ATM Switch or Network | High
-- port| | port
-- _____|>> from low to high VPC traffic flow >>|______
-- |<< from high to low VPC traffic flow <<|
-- | |
-- |_______________________________________|
--
Current lock state/ | Shared Lock | Exclusive
Lock request | | Lock
=====================+=================+==============
None | True | True
---------------------+-----------------+--------------
Shared Lock | True | False
---------------------+-----------------+--------------
Exclusive Lock | False | False*
------------------------------------------------------
Tier 1
+-- Provider <--+
| |
o aggregates routes | | o announces customer routes
it originates | | o aggregates routes it originates
| ^ o uses "no-export" if appropriate
|
+---> Tier 2 <--+
Provider |
V |
| |
o aggregates routes | | o announces customer routes
it originates | | o aggregates routes it originates
| | o uses "no-export" if appropriate
| |
| ^
-> Customer AS
| 0 1 2 3 4
| Initial Cookie CookieBad Value ValueBad
------+--------------------------------------------------
DU13 |rto,scq/1 rto,scq/1 rto,scq/1 3 4
SF0 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
SF4 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
SF5 |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
WC |rto,scq/1 1 2 3 4
|
RCR+ | - rto,svq/3 rto,svq/3 3 4
RCR- | 0 1 2 3 4
RVR+ | - - - rto,siq/5 rto,siq/5
RVR- | 0 1 2 3 4
RIR+ | - - - - -
RIR- | 0 1 2 3 4
|
RUN+ | - - - - -
RUN- | sbc/0 sbc/1 sbc/2 sbc/3 sbc/4
RUM+ | - - - - -
RUM- | sbc/0 sbc/1 sbc/2 sbc/3 sbc/4
|
RBC | - - - 4 4
RRL | - brto/2 brto/2 brto/4 brto/4
RVF | - - - - -
RMR | - - - - -
|
TO+ | - scq/1 scq/2 svq/3 svq/4
TO- | - 0 scq/1 0 scq/1
UTO | - - - - -
XTO | - 0 0 0 0
| 5 6 8
|Identity IdentityBad Update
------+-----------------------------
DU13 | 5 6 8
SF0 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
SF4 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
SF5 | 5 6 rto,scq/1
WC | 5 6 sun/8
|
RCR+ | 5 6 8
RCR- | 5 6 8
RVR+ | 5 6 8
RVR- | 5 6 8
RIR+ | uto/8 uto/8 8
RIR- | svf/5 svf/6 8
|
RUN+ | - - sum/8
RUN- | sbc/5 sbc/6 se*/8
RUM+ | - - 8
RUM- | sbc/5 sbc/6 se*/8
|
RBC | 6 6 rto,scq/1
RRL | 5 6 buto/8
RVF | log/5 log/6 log/8
RMR | log/5 log/6 log/8
|
TO+ | sim/5 sim/6 -
TO- | 0 scq/1 -
UTO | - - sum/8
XTO | 0 0 0
| 0 7 8
| Initial Ready Update
------+-----------------------------
WC | - 7 sun/8
|
RCQ+ | scr/0 scr/7 scr/8
RCQ- | srl/0 srl/7 srl/8
RVQ+ |xto,svr/7 svr/7 svr/8
RVQ- | sbc/0 sbc/7 sbc/8
RIQ+ | - uto,sir/8 sir/8
RIQ- | sbc/0 se*/7 se*/8
|
RUN+ | - - sum/8
RUN- | sbc/0 sbc/7 se*/8
RUM+ | - - 8
RUM- | sbc/0 sbc/7 se*/8
|
RBC | - 7 rto,scq/1
RRL | - - buto/8
RVF | - - log/8
RMR | - - log/8
|
UTO | - - sum/8
XTO | - 0 0
+------------------+------+-------+-----+------+
| Protocols| SMTP | IMAP | POP | EMSD |
|Functions | | | | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Submission | XX | | | XXX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Delivery | XXX | | | XXX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Relay (Routing) | XXX | | | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Retrieval | | XXX | XXX | XX |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Mailbox Access | | XXX | X | |
|------------------|------|-------|-----|------|
|Mailbox Synch. | | XXX | | |
+------------------+------+-------+-----+------+
+---------------------------------------------+
| MTS |
| |
| +-------------------------+ |
| | MRS | |
| | +---+ +---+ | |
| | | | | M | | +---+ |
| | | |<-------->| T |<----------->| | |
| | | | | A | | | | | +---+
| | | | +---+ | | E | | | E |
| | | | | | M | | | M |
| | | M | | | S | | EMSD-P&FS | S |
| | | T |<-------------------------->| D |<---------------->| D |
| | | A | | | - | | | - |
| | | | +---+ | | S | | | U |
| | | | | M | | | A | | | A |
| | | |<-------->| T |<----------->| | | +---+
| | | | | A | | | | |
| | +---+ +---+ | +---+ |
| | | |
| +-------------------------+ |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------+
+------------------+-------+----+---------+----+---------+-----+-----+
|Operation |Invoker|Sap |Performer|Sap |Duplicate|OpId |ESROS|
| | |Sel | |Sel |Detect | |Use |
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submit |UA |4 |MTS |5 |Yes |33 |3-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliver |MTS |2 |UA |3 |Yes |35 |3-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliveryControl |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |2 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submissionControl |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |4 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|submissionVerify |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |6 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|deliveryVerify |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |5 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|getConfiguration |UA |8 |MTS |9 |No |7 |2-Way|
|__________________|_______|____|_________|____|_________|_____|_____|
|setConfiguration |MTS |6 |UA |7 |No |8 |2-Way|
+------------------+-------+----+---------+----+---------+-----+-----+
| 64 bits | 57 bits | 7 bits |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| subnet prefix | 1111110111...111 | anycast ID |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| interface identifier field |
| n bits | 121-n bits | 7 bits |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| subnet prefix | 1111111...111111 | anycast ID |
+---------------------------------+------------------+------------+
| interface identifier field |
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|1111110111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111110|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
^ ^^^^^^^
+--- universal/local bit anycast identifier ---+-----+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111111|1111111111111110|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
^^^^^^^
anycast identifier ---+-----+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Type |Length | must be zero | IPv4 Address |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 239 | OLS | DST14 | DST15 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
P(C)
P(C) = TRUE <- : -> P(C) = FALSE
:
+----------:----------+ This box represents some
| : | set of feature collections (C)
| Included : Excluded | that is constrained by the
| : | predicate P.
+----------:----------+
:
+....... cs.columbia.edu .......+
: :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ( location ) :
: ( service ) :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ^ | :
: | hgs@lab :
: 2| 3| :
: | | :
: henning | :
+.. cs.tu-berlin.de ..+ 1: INVITE : | | :
: : henning@cs.col: | \/ 4: INVITE 5: ring :
: cz@cs.tu-berlin.de ========================>(~~~~~~)=========>(~~~~~~) :
: <........................( )<.........( ) :
: : 7: 200 OK : ( )6: 200 OK ( ) :
: : : ( work ) ( lab ) :
: : 8: ACK : ( )9: ACK ( ) :
: ========================>(~~~~~~)=========>(~~~~~~) :
+.....................+ +...............................+
+....... cs.columbia.edu .......+
: :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ( location ) :
: ( service ) :
: (~~~~~~~~~~) :
: ^ | :
: | hgs@lab :
: 2| 3| :
: | | :
: henning| :
+.. cs.tu-berlin.de ..+ 1: INVITE : | | :
: : henning@cs.col: | \/ :
: cz@cs.tu-berlin.de =======================>(~~~~~~) :
: | ^ | <.......................( ) :
: | . | : 4: 302 Moved : ( ) :
: | . | : hgs@lab : ( work ) :
: | . | : : ( ) :
: | . | : 5: ACK : ( ) :
: | . | =======================>(~~~~~~) :
: | . | : : :
+.......|...|.........+ : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | : :
| . | 6: INVITE hgs@lab.cs.columbia.edu (~~~~~~) :
| . ==================================================> ( ) :
| ..................................................... ( ) :
| 7: 200 OK : ( lab ) :
| : ( ) :
| 8: ACK : ( ) :
======================================================> (~~~~~~) :
+...............................+
+===========+
* *
...........>* Initial *<;;;;;;;;;;
: 7 INVITE * * ;
: sent +===========+ ;
: | ;
: | - ;
: | INVITE ;
: | ;
: v ;
: ************* ;
: T1*2^n <--* * ;
: INVITE -->* Calling *--------+ ;
: * * | ;
: ************* | ;
: : | | ;
:.............: | 1xx xxx | ;
| - ACK | ;
| | ;
v | ;
************* | ;
* * | ;
* Ringing *<->1xx | ;
* * | ;
************* | ;
| | ;
|<-------------+ ;
| ;
v ;
************* ;
xxx <--* * ;
ACK -->* Completed * ;
* * ;
************* ;
; 32s (for proxy);
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
7 pkts sent +===============+
+-------------->* *
| * Initial *<...............
|;;;;;;;;;;;;;;>* * :
|; +===============+ :
|; CANCEL ! :
|; 200 ! INVITE :
|; ! 1xx :
|; ! :
|; v :
|; ***************** BYE :
|; INVITE -->* * 200 :
|; 1xx <--* Call proceed. *..............>:
|; * * :
|;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;***************** :
|; ! ! :
|: ! ! :
|; failure ! ! picks up :
|; >= 300 ! ! 200 :
|; +-------+ +-------+ :
|; v v :
|; *********** *********** :
|;INVITE<* *<T1*2^n->* *>INVITE :
|;status>* failure *>status<-* success *<status :
|; * * * * :
|;;;;;;;;*********** *********** :
| ! : | | ! : :
| ! : | | ! : :
+-------------!-:-+------------+ ! : :
! :.................!..:.........>:
! ! BYE :
+---------+---------+ 200 :
event ! ACK :
message sent v :
***************** :
V---* * :
ACK * Confirmed * :
|-->* * :
***************** .
:......................>:
+------------+
| |
+------------| tester |<-------------+
| | | |
| +------------+ |
| |
| +------------+ |
| | | |
+----------->| DUT |--------------+
| |
+------------+
Figure 1
+--------+ +------------+ +----------+
| | | | | |
| sender |-------->| DUT |--------->| receiver |
| | | | | |
+--------+ +------------+ +----------+
Figure 2
+-----------+
| |
+---------------------| tester |<---------------------+
| | | |
| +-----------+ |
| |
| +----------+ +----------+ |
| | | | | |
+------->| DUT 1 |-------------->| DUT 2 |---------+
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
--------------
---------| in A out X|--------
---------| in B out Y|--------
---------| in C out Z|--------
--------------
+--------+ +------------+
| | | phantom |------ P LAN
A
IN A------| DUT |------------| |------ P LAN
B
| | OUT A | router |------ P LAN
C
+--------+ +------------+
Alt | Plot of Traffic Shaping showing carriers in flight
|
2k | ....................
| . .
| . .
1k | . .
| +---+ +---+
| | A | | B |
| +---+ +---+
|_____________________________________________
+--------+ . . +--------+ . . +-----------+
| |-- Search -->| |-- Search -->| |+
| | : : | | : : | ||
| |-- Locate -->| |-- Locate -->| ||
|Customer| : : | Broker | : : |Supplier(s)||
| |-- Order --->| |-- Order --->| ||
| | : : | | : : | ||
| |<- Deliver --| |<- Deliver --| ||
+--------+ : : +--------+ : : +-----------+|
: : : : +-----------+
Helpers Helpers
<Authentication> <Payment> <Security>
* The rest of the Broker *
^
| -abstract primitives
v
+------------+
| Functional |
| Unit |
+------------+
^
| -technology-specific commands
v
* Technology functions *
+--------------------------------------+
| Functional Unit Manager |
+--------------------------------------+
^ ^
| -abstract primitives- |
v v
+------------+ +------------+
| Functional | | Functional |
| Unit | | Unit |
+------------+ +------------+
^ ^
| -technology-specific commands- |
v v
* Technology * * Technology *
* functions * * functions *
+-------------------------------------+
| Broker Kernel |
+-------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| -abstract- | -primitives- |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| FUM | | FUM | | FUM |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
The GAIA Broker:
----------------
(Customer)) (Alerting)) ( DS )) (Auth)) (Payment))
( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs)) ( FUs ))
(e.g.HTTP)) (e.g. SMS)) (eg LDAP)) ( )) (e.g.SET))
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/
[Customer] [Alerting] [ DS ] [ Auth ] [Payment]
[ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ]
| | | | |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Broker Kernel |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | |
[ Search ] [ Locate ] [ Order ] [ Stream ] [Discrete]
[ FUM ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ] [Delivery] [Delivery]
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ FUM ] [ FUM ]
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\
( Search )) ( Locate )) ( Order )) ( SD )) ( DD ))
( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs )) ( FUs ))
(eg Z39.50)) (eg Z39.50)) (eg ISO ILL)) (eg RTP)) (eg FTP))
+----------------+
|Broker |
| |
| -------- |
+-----------+ | [ Kernel ] |
| Broker | | -------- |
| or | | [Customer] |
| Customer | | [ FUM ] |
| | | ========== <-GAIA Customer
| * | | * * | \interface
| { O R B *}* * * * * * *{* O R B * } |
+-----------+ iiop | * | +----------+
| (Customer) | | Customer |
| ( FU ) | | |
+------------I---+ +----I-----+
\ HTTP /
- - - - - -
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Minimal Profile |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Customer | HTTP 1.1 (server), |
| | HTML 2.0 |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Basic Profile |
+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Customer | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (server) |
| Search and Locate | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (client) |
| (Discovery) | |
| Order | GAIA Customer interface/IIOP (client) |
| Directory | Some directory access protocol, |
| | such as LDAP |
+------------------------+---------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Discovery Extension Module |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Searching, | Z39.50 (client) |
| Locating | |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------+
| Order Extension Module |
+------------------------+------------------------+
| Order | ISO ILL (client) |
+------------------------+------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Discrete Delivery Extension Module |
+------------------------+-------------------------------+
| FTP profile | FTP (client+server) |
| Email profile | Internet e-mail [SMTP,RFC822] |
| | (receiver+sender), |
| | MIME |
| Document delivery | GEDI version 3.0 |
+------------------------+-------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Stream Delivery Extension Module |
+--------------------------+-------------------------+
| Compression | MPEG-2 Audio Layer 3 |
| Data transfer | RTP (client+server) |
| Mapping | RFC 2250 |
| Session control protocol | RTCP |
+--------------------------+-------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Security Extension Module |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+
| Privacy, integrity, non-repudiation | SSL v 3.0, PKCS #7 |
| Remote, client/server authentication | GSS v5 |
| Certification services | PKIX certification |
| | protocol |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Payment Extension Module |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
| Payment | SET v 1.0 : |
| | 1) CA server for banks |
| | 2) Cardholder wallet |
| | 3) Merchant Server |
| | 4) Payment Gateway server |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Alerting Extension Module |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Alerting | Internet e-mail [SMTP,RFC822] (sender), |
| | SMS |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------+
| Discovery Extension Module |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
| Searching, | Z39.50 (server) |
| Locating | |
+------------------------+---------------------------+
_____________________________
| | | | >
| | | | |
| VT 1 |..........|VT K| > K ifEntries
| | | | |
|_____________|__________|____| >
| | | | >
| | | | |
| Path 1 |......|Path L| > L ifEntries
| | | | |
|_______________|______|______| >
| | >
| | |
| Line | |
| | |
|_____________________________| |
| | |
| | |
| Section Layer | > 1 ifEntry
| | |
|_____________________________| |
| | |
| | |
| Physical Medium Layer | |
| | |
|_____________________________| >
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| READ COUNTERS & STATUS INFO FROM HARDWARE |
| |
|LOS OOF/ SECT LINE LINE LINE LINE PATH PATH PATH PATH PATH |
| LOF CV AIS CV RDI FEBE AIS LOP CV RDI CV |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
V V V V V V V V V V V V
+---+---+----+----------------------+
!length !type!data !
+---+---+----+----------------------+
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client LU Target SNA Host |
| |
| Timestamps |
| request A |
| -----------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) B | |
| <---------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP C |
| >---------------------------------------> |
| |
| DR: Definite Response requested |
| +/-RSP: Definite Response |
| |
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server SNA Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D |
| ------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) E | |
| <----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F |
| >-------------------- - - - - - - - - - > |
| |
------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server SNA Host |
| Timestamps (PLU) |
| (SLU) Timestamps|
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D A |
| ------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) E B | |
| <----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F C |
| >--------------------------------------> |
| |
------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target SNA |
| Server Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D (BB,CD,OIC,ER) |
| -------------------------------------------> |
| reply(DR) (FIC,ER,EB) | |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply E (LIC,DR) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| | +/-RSP F |
| >----------------------------------------> |
| |
| BB : Begin Bracket ER : Response by exception |
| EB : End Bracket DR : Definite Response Requested |
| CD : Change Direction FIC : First in chain |
| OIC: Only in chain MIC: Middle in chain |
| LIC: Last in chain |
----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
| |
| Client TN3270E Target |
| Server Host |
| Timestamps |
| |
| <---IP Network-------><---SNA Network---> |
| |
| request D (BB,CD,OIC,ER) |
| -------------------------------------------> |
| reply (FIC,ER,EB) | |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply (MIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| reply E (LIC,ER) |
| <-----------------------------------------< |
| TIMING-MARK Rqst E' |
| <--------------------- |
| | TIMING-MARK Rsp F' |
| >-------------------> |
| |
---------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
| |
| Response Time Boundaries |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | no |
| 0 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 bound|
| | | | | | | |
| |Bucket1|Bucket2|Bucket3|Bucket4|Bucket5| |
| ----------------------------------------- |
| |
----------------------------------------------
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
| | ____________/|
| | /DHCPOFFER |
| |/ |
| | |
| Collects replies |
| | |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
|--AutoConfigs--|- NO IP ADDR --|
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| | |
v v v
+-------+
| File |
+---------+ /+-------+
+-------------+ | Generic | /
| transaction |----| I/O |-------<
| stream | | Channel | \ +------------+
+-------------+ +---------+ \ | open or |
\| listening |
| connection |
+------------+
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| xxx-attributes-tag | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| xxx-attribute-sequence | n bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | q bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
| value-tag | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |
| name-length (value is 0x0000) | 2 bytes |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| value-length (value is w) | 2 bytes |
----------------------------------------------- |
| value | w bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| tag (delimiter-tag or value-tag) | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| empty or rest of attribute | x bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | y bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
embedded printer:
output device
+---------------+
O +--------+ | ########### |
/|\ | client |------------IPP------------># Printer # |
/ \ +--------+ | # Object # |
| ########### |
+---------------+
hosted printer:
+---------------+
O +--------+ ########### | |
/|\ | client |--IPP--># Printer #-any->| output device |
/ \ +--------+ # Object # | |
########### +---------------+
+---------------+
fan out: | |
+-->| output device |
any/ | |
O +--------+ ########### / +---------------+
/|\ | client |-IPP-># Printer #--*
/ \ +--------+ # Object # \ +---------------+
########### any\ | |
+-->| output device |
| |
+---------------+
+----> canceled
/
+----> pending --------> processing ---------+------> completed
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted
| v v /
+----> pending-held processing-stopped ---+
The following figure shows the set of documents that fit within the
SNMP Architecture.
+------------------------- Document Set ----------------------------+
| |
| +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | Document | | Applicability * | | Coexistence | |
| | Roadmap | | Statement | | & Transition | |
| +----------+ +-----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Message Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Transport | | Message | | Security | | |
| | | Mappings | | Processing and | | | | |
| | | | | Dispatcher | | | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | PDU Handling | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | Protocol | | Applications | | Access | | |
| | | Operations | | | | Control | | |
| | +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Information Model | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| | | Structure of | | Textual | | Conformance | | |
| | | Management | | Conventions | | Statements | | |
| | | Information | | | | | | |
| | +--------------+ +--------------+ +---------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB Modules written in various formats, e.g.: | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| | | Standard v1 | | Standard v1 | | Historic | | Draft v2 | | |
| | | RFC 1157 | | RFC 1212 | | RFC 14xx | | RFC 19xx | | |
| | | format | | format | | format | | format | | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +----------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Application(s) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Proxy | | |
| | | Generator | | Receiver | | Forwarder | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | Other | | |
| | | Responder | | Originator | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Message Processing Subsystem |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | | * | |
| | SNMPv3 | | SNMPv1 | | SNMPv2c | | Other | |
| | Message | | Message | | Message | | Message | |
| | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | | Processing | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ +------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Security Subsystem |
| |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | User-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Security | | Security | | Security | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +----------------+ +-----------------+ +-------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Access Control Subsystem |
| |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| | * | | * | | * | |
| | View-Based | | Other | | Other | |
| | Access | | Access | | Access | |
| | Control | | Control | | Control | |
| | Model | | Model | | Model | |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+ +-----------------+ +------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
(traditional SNMP manager)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ SNMP entity |
| | NOTIFICATION | | NOTIFICATION | | COMMAND | |
| | ORIGINATOR | | RECEIVER | | GENERATOR | |
| | applications | | applications | | applications | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------+--------+-----------------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
An SNMP entity containing one or more command responder and/or
notification originator applications (along with their associated
SNMP engine) has traditionally been called an SNMP agent.
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+
| UDP | | IPX | . . . | other |
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ (traditional SNMP agent)
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +-------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | Transport | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | (e.g. RFC1906) | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <--------->| +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| +-------------------+ | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +------------+ | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY * | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
principal
^
|
|
+----------------------------|-------------+
| SNMP engine v |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| +-----------------| securityName |---+ |
| | Security Model | | | |
| | +--------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | Model | | |
| | | Dependent | | |
| | | Security ID | | |
| | | | | |
| | +------------------------------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| +-------------------------|----------+ |
| | |
| | |
+----------------------------|-------------+
|
v
network
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP entity (identified by snmpEngineID, example: abcd) |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | SNMP engine (identified by snmpEngineID) | |
| | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Dispatcher | | Message | | Security | | Access | | |
| | | | | Processing | | Subsystem | | Control | | |
| | | | | Subsystem | | | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Command Responder Application | |
| | (contextEngineID, example: abcd) | |
| | | |
| | example contextNames: | |
| | | |
| | "bridge1" "bridge2" "" (default) | |
| | --------- --------- ------------ | |
| | | | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | | | |
| +------|------------------|-------------------|--------------+ |
| | MIB | instrumentation | | | |
| | +---v------------+ +---v------------+ +----v-----------+ | |
| | | context | | context | | context | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | bridge MIB | | | | bridge MIB | | | | some MIB | | | |
| | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | other MIB | | | |
| | | | | | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Generator | Processing Model
| | Model |
| sendPdu | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | prepareOutgoingMessage | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | generateRequestMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
: | | |
: |------------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Request Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
: : : : :
: : : : :
: : : : :
: | | | |
: | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Response Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-----------------+ | |
: | | |
: | prepareDataElements | |
: |----------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |-------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<--------------------|
: | | |
: |<-----------------------| |
| processResponsePdu | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
Command Dispatcher Message Security
Responder | Processing Model
| | Model |
| | | |
| registerContextEngineID | | |
|------------------------>| | |
|<------------------------| | | |
| | Receive SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | from Network | | |
: |<-------------+ | |
: | | |
: |prepareDataElements | |
: |------------------->| |
: | | processIncomingMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
| processPdu | | |
|<------------------------| | |
| | | |
: : : :
: : : :
| returnResponsePdu | | |
|------------------------>| | |
: | prepareResponseMsg | |
: |------------------->| |
: | |generateResponseMsg |
: | |------------------->|
: | | |
: | |<-------------------|
: | | |
: |<-------------------| |
: | | |
: |--------------+ | |
: | Send SNMP | | |
: | Message | | |
: | to Network | | |
: | v | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| SNMP Entity |
| |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Applications | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| | | Command | | Notification | | |
| | | Generator | | Originator | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Proxy | | Other | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | Forwarder | |Application(s)|| |
| | | Command | | Notification | +-----------+ +--------------+| |
| | | Responder | | Receiver | | |
| | +-----------+ +--------------+ | |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +--------+-------+---------------+-----------+ |
| ^ |
| | +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | | Message Processing | | Security | |
| Dispatcher v | Subsystem | | Subsystem | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| | PDU Dispatcher | | +->| v1MP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP * |<--->| | Model | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | Dispatcher <-------->+ | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +-------------+ | |
| | | | +->| v3MP * |<--->| | User-based | | |
| | Transport | | | +------------+ | | | Security | | |
| | Mapping | | | +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | (e.g RFC 1906) | | +->| otherMP * |<--->| +-------------+ | |
| +------------------+ | +------------+ | | | |
| ^ +---------------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | |
+----------|--------------------------------------------------------+
v
+------------------+
| Network |
+------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-> securityModel -+ |
| | (a) | |
| who -+ +-> groupName ----+ |
| (1) | | (x) | |
| +-> securityName --+ | |
| (b) | |
| | |
| where -> contextName ---------------------+ |
| (2) (e) | |
| | |
| | |
| +-> securityModel -------------------+ |
| | (a) | |
| how -+ +-> viewName -+ |
| (3) | | (y) | |
| +-> securityLevel -------------------+ | |
| (c) | +-> yes/no |
| | | decision |
| why ---> viewType (read/write/notify) ----+ | (z) |
| (4) (d) | |
| | |
| what --> object-type ------+ | |
| (5) (m) | | |
| +-> variableName (OID) ------+ |
| | (f) |
| which -> object-instance --+ |
| (6) (n) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
STATE
+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
| A | B | C | D
| |status col.|status column|
|status column | is | is |status column
ACTION |does not exist| notReady | notInService| is active
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError ->D|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndGo |inconsistent- | | |
| Value| | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError see 1|inconsist- |inconsistent-|inconsistent-
column to | or | entValue| Value| Value
createAndWait |wrongValue | | |
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError
column to | Value| entValue| |
active | | | |
| | or | |
| | | |
| |see 2 ->D|see 8 ->D| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError |noError ->C
column to | Value| entValue| |
notInService | | | |
| | or | | or
| | | |
| |see 3 ->C| ->C|see 6
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set status |noError |noError |noError |noError ->A
column to | | | | or
destroy | ->A| ->A| ->A|see 7
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
set any other |see 4 |noError |noError |see 5
column to some| | | |
value | | see 1| ->C| ->D
--------------+--------------+-----------+-------------+-------------
+---+
| C | +------------+
| e | <-------------------->| End entity |
| r | Operational +------------+
| t | transactions ^
| | and management | Management
| / | transactions | transactions
| | | PKI users
| C | v
| R | -------------------+--+-----------+-----------------
| L | ^ ^
| | | | PKI management
| | v | entities
| R | +------+ |
| e | <---------------------| RA | <---+ |
| p | Publish certificate +------+ | |
| o | | |
| s | | |
| I | v v
| t | +------------+
| o | <------------------------------| CA |
| r | Publish certificate +------------+
| y | Publish CRL ^
| | |
+---+ Management |
transactions |
v
+------+
| CA |
+------+
runtime 1
+--------------+ SMX +---------+
| |<-------------->| O O O |<-+
SNMP | Script MIB | +---------+ |
<---------->| | |
| SNMP Agent | runtime 2 |
| | SMX +---------+ |
| |<-------------->| O | |
+--------------+ +---------+ |
^ ^ |
| +---------+ | |
| | script |----------+ |
+------>| storage |------------------+
+---------+
-------------
|+---------+|
|| User || --------
||Interface|<--->| User |
|+----|----+| --------
---------- | | |
|+------+| control connection |+----|----+|
||Server|<------------------->|| Client ||
|| PI || Commands/Replies || PI ||
|+--|---+| |+----|----+|
| | | | | |
-------- |+--|---+| Data |+----|----+| --------
| File |<--->|Server|<------------------->|| Client |<--->| File |
|System| || DTP || Connection || DTP || |System|
-------- |+------+| |+---------+| --------
---------- -------------
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
Low Drop Prec | 001010 | 010010 | 011010 | 100010 |
Medium Drop Prec | 001100 | 010100 | 011100 | 100100 |
High Drop Prec | 001110 | 010110 | 011110 | 100110 |
+----------+----------+----------+----------+
+----------------+
| |
| Directory | Directory Protocol
| Server X-------->
| |
| |
+----------------+
+----------------+
| |
DSP <----------X X--------> DAP
| Directory |
Other | Server |
Protocol <----------X X--------> LDAP
| |
+----------------+
(request) (request) (request)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(reply) (reply) (reply) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
(request) (request)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 Home
(reply) (reply) Server
<--------- <---------
(Access-Req) (Access-Req) (Access-Req)
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(Access-Reject) (Access-Accept) (Access-Accept) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
(AcctPxStop) (AcctPxStop)
----------> ---------->
--------> --------> --------->
NAS Proxy1 Proxy2 Home (add class)
<-class-- <-class- <-class--
(Accounting-req) (Accounting-req) (Accounting-req)
w/class w/class w/class
NAS ----------> Proxy1 ----------> Proxy2 ----------> Home
(Accounting-reply) (Accounting-reply)(Accounting-reply) Server
<--------- <--------- <---------
+------------+ ----Multicast SrvRqst----> +---------------+
| User Agent | | Service Agent |
+------------+ <----Unicast SrvRply------ +---------------+
+-------+ -Unicast SrvRqst-> +-----------+ <-Unicast SrvReg- +--------+
| User | | Directory | |Service |
| Agent | | Agent | | Agent |
+-------+ <-Unicast SrvRply- +-----------+ -Unicast SrvAck-> +--------+
+---------------+ --Multicast SrvRqst-> +-----------+
| User or | <--Unicast DAAdvert-- | Directory |
| Service Agent | | Agent |
+---------------+ <-Multicast DAAdvert- +-----------+
+---------+ Multicast +-----------+ Unicast +-----------+
| Service | <--SrvRqst-- | User | --SrvRqst-> | Directory |
| Agent | | Agent | | Agent |
| Scope=X | Unicast | Scope=X,Y | Unicast | Scope=Y |
+---------+ --SrvRply--> +-----------+ <-SrvRply-- +-----------+
Unscrambled Data
|
v
+-------------------------------------+ +---+
+->| --> 43 bit shift register --> |--->|xor|
| +-------------------------------------+ +---+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+
|
v
Scrambled Data
Scrambled Data
|
+-----------------------------------------------+
| |
| v
| +-------------------------------------+ +---+
+->| --> 43 bit shift register --> |--->|xor|
+-------------------------------------+ +---+
|
v
Unscrambled Data
request chain ------------------------>
UA -------------------v------------------- O
<----------------------- response chain
request chain -------------------------------------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B -----v----- C -----v----- O
<------------------------------------- response chain
request chain ---------->
UA -----v----- A -----v----- B - - - - - - C - - - - - - O
<--------- response chain
---------------------- ----------------------
| 7.7.7.1 |-------| |-------| 7.7.7.2 |
| | ======== | |
| AS1 | EX1 |-------| 7.7.7.3 AS2 |
| | | |
| 9.9.9.1 |------ ------| 9.9.9.2 |
---------------------- | | ----------------------
===========
| EX2
---------------------- |
| 9.9.9.3 |---------
| |
| AS3 |
----------------------
+------+--------+-----------+----//-------+------+------+
| SOF |Frame |Optional | Frame | CRC | EOF |
| (4B) |Header |Header | Payload | (4B) | (4B) |
| |(24B) |<----------------------->| | |
| | | Data Field = (0-2112B) | | |
+------+--------+-----------+----//-------+------+------+
Fig. 1 FC Frame Format
First Frame of a Logical FC Sequence
---+------------+---------------------------+----------//----------+---
| FC Header | FC Network_Header | FC Sequence Payload |
---+------------+---------------------------+---------//-----------+---
Subsequent Frames of a Logical FC Sequence
--+-----------+--------------//----------------+--
| FC Header | Additional FC Sequence Payload |
--+-----------+-------------//-----------------+--
+-----------------+-----------+------------+-------------//----------+
| LLC/SNAP Header | IP Header | Opt.IP Hdr.| IP Data |
| (8 bytes) | (20 bytes)| (40 bytes | (65280 -IP Header |
| | | Max) | - Opt. IP Hdr.) bytes |
+-----------------+-----------+------------+-------------//----------+
+-----------------+-------------------+
| LLC/SNAP Header | ARP Packet |
| (8 bytes) | (28 bytes) |
+-----------------+-------------------+
+----------+----------+----------+
| DSAP | SSAP | CTRL |
| (1 byte) | (1 byte) | (1 byte) |
+----------+----------+----------+
Fig. 6 LLC Format
+------+------+-------+------+------+
| OUI | PID |
| ( 3 bytes) | (2 bytes) |
+------+------+-------+------+------+
Fig. 7 SNAP Format
+-----------+----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
| DSAP | SSAP | CTRL | OUI | PID |
| (1 byte) | (1 byte) | (1 byte) | ( 3 bytes) | (2 bytes |
+-----------+----------+----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Feature | Support | Notes |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Class of service for ELS commands / responses | Class | |
| | 1,2 or 3 | 1 |
| Explicit N-Port Login | REQUIRED | |
| Explicit F-Port Login | REQUIRED | |
| FLOGI ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| PLOGI ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| ADISC ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| PDISC ELS command | OPTIONAL | 2 |
| FAN ELS command | REQUIRED | 5 |
| LOGO ELS command | REQUIRED | |
| FARP-REQ/FARP-REPLY ELS commands | REQUIRED | 3 |
| Other ELS command support | OPTIONAL | 4 |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------+-------+
2000 found at line 1841:
1839: | the same connection network. |
1839(continued): |
1840: +--------------------------------------------------------+------
1840(continued): -------+
1841: | Link failure | X'800
1841(continued): 20000' |
1842: +--------------------------------------------------------+------
1842(continued): -------+
1843: | Route selection services has determined that no path | X'801
1843(continued): 40001' |
--------------------------
| |
| S E R V E R |
| |
--------------------------
| | |
| | . . . . |
- - -
|1| |2| |n|
- - -
net key Key O
-------------------------------------
intermediate | |
keys | |
Key M Key N
----------------- --------------------
| | | |
| | | |
Key I Key J Key K Key L
-------- -------- --------- ----------
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Key A Key B Key C Key D Key E Key F Key G Key H
--- --- --- --- --- ---- ---- ----
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --
|1| |2| |3| |4| |5| |6| |7| |8| |9| |10| |11| |12| |13| |14| |15| |16|
- - - - - - - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --
users
Cryptoplugin initialization
/ by the operating system
|
|
+------------------+ +-|-+-------------+
| | | | |
| Cryptoplugin's | -------> | |
| | | Cryptoplugin |
| client | <------- | |
| | | | |
+------------------+ | +---+-------------+
|
\
\ System-dependent CPI
+---------------+-------------------------------+
| | |
| --> Submodule of |
| Submodule - | |
| | encrypting algorithms (1) |
| wrapper (2) | |
| <-- (cryptolibrary) |
| | |
+---------------+-------------------------------+
|
\
\ Cryptographic Program Interface
Receive Start Control Connection Request
Version Not OK/Send Start Control Connection
Reply with Error
+--------+
| | Receive Control Connection Request Version OK
| | /Send Start Control Connection Reply
| | +----------------------------------------+
^ V ^ V
+-----------------+ Receive Start Ctl +-----------------+
| Idle | Connection Request | Established |
+-----------------+ /Send Stop Reply +-----------------+
^ ^ Close TCP V V Local Terminate
| +-------------------------------------+ | /Send Stop
| | Control Conn.
| V Request
| +-----------------+
+-------------------------------------| Wait-Stop-Reply |
Receive Stop Control +-----------------+
Connection Reply
/Close TCP
Ring/Send Incoming Call Request +-----------------+
+----------------------------------------->| wait_reply |
| +-----------------+
| Receive Incoming Call Reply V V V
| Not Accepting | | | Receive Incoming
| +--------------------------------+ | | Call Reply Accept-
| | +------------------------------+ | ing/Answer call;
| | | Abort/Send Call | Send Call
^ V V Disconnect Notify V Connected
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| idle |<-----------------------------| established |
+-----------------+ Receive Clear Call Request +-----------------+
or telco call dropped
or local disconnect
/Send Call Disconnect Notify
Receive Incoming Call Request
/Send Incoming Call Reply +-----------------+
Not Accepting if Error | Wait-Connect |
+-----+ +-----------------+
| | Receive Incoming Call Req. ^ V V
| | /Send Incoming Call Reply OK | | | Receive Incoming
| | +--------------------------------+ | | Call Connect
^ V ^ V------------------------------+ V
+-----------------+ Receive Call Disconnect +-----------------+
| Idle | Notify +- | Established |
+-----------------+ | +-----------------+
^ ^ | V Local Terminate
| +----------------------------+ | /Send Call Clear
| Receive Call Disconnect | Request
| Notify V
| +-----------------+
+--------------------------------------| Wait-Disconnect |
Receive Call Disconnect +-----------------+
Notify
Receive Outgoing Call Request in Error
/Send Outgoing Call Reply with Error
|--------+
| | Receive Outgoing Call Request No Error
| | /Off Hook; Dial
| | +-----------------------------------------
^ V ^ V
+-----------------+ Incomplete Call +-----------------+
| idle | /Send Outgoing Call | wait_cs_ans |
+-----------------+ Reply with Error +-----------------+
^ ^ or Recv. Call Clear Req. V V Telco Answer
| | /Send Disconnect Notify| | /Send Outgoing
| +-------------------------------------+ | Call Reply.
| V
| +-----------------+
+-------------------------------------| established |
Receive Call Clear Request +-----------------+
or local terminate
or telco disconnect
/Hangup call and send
Call Disconnect Notify
Packet in
|
V
+---------+
Packet in | Unknown |
| +---------+
G-A V |
Timer +----------+ no V
exp | Going to |<------[KA msg?] Packet in
<------| Access | | |
| +----------+ yes | V
V | V yes +---------+
+--------+ V [1-way?]------+-->| Standby |
| Access | [KA msg?] | ^ +---------+
+--------+ | | no | |
| V no | V
yes | [compatible?]----+ [KA msg?]
| | |
| | yes | yes
| V V
V +---------+ [1-way?]
+--------->| Network |<--+ |
+---------+ ^ | no
| | yes V
lost last | +<----[compatible?]
neighbor |
V
[network]
[ only? ]
|
+--------------+ yes | no +---------+
| Network Only |<-----------+----------->| Unknown |
+--------------+ +---------+
+--------+ +--------+
| Switch | | Switch |
| S1 | | S2 |
+--------+ +--------+
Down Down
Hello (DS=0, seen=0)
------------------------------------->
Init
Hello (DS=S2, seen=...,S1)
<-------------------------------------
ExStart
DB Description (Seq=x, I, M, Master)
------------------------------------->
ExStart
DB Description (Seq=y, I, M, Master)
<-------------------------------------
xchange
DB Description (Seq=y, M, Slave)
------------------------------------->
Exchange
DB Description (Seq=y+1, M, Master)
<-------------------------------------
DB Description (Seq=y+1, M, Slave)
------------------------------------->
.
.
.
DB Description (Seq=y+n, Master)
<-------------------------------------
DB Description (Seq=y+n, Slave)
------------------------------------->
Loading Full
Link State Request
<-------------------------------------
Link State Update
------------------------------------->
.
.
.
Link State Request
<-------------------------------------
Link State Update
------------------------------------->
Full
+------------------------------------------------------+
| +-----+ |
| +------------+ | I | |
| | CALL TAP <--(8)--> N | |
| +------------+ | T | |
| | E | |
| +-----------+ +------------+ | R | |
| | PATH | | TOPOLOGY | | S | |
| | | | | | W | |
| | Lnk state <------> Lnk state <--(3)--> I | | Flood path
| | | | | | T <----(5,7,8)-->
| | Span tree <------> Span tree <--(4)--> C | |
| +--^--------+ | | | H | |
| | | Discovery <--(2)--> | |
| | +------------+ | M | |
| | | E | |
| +------^--+ +--------+ | S | |
| | CONNECT >---------+--> FILTER | | S | |
| +--^------+ | +--------+ | A | | specific
| | | | G | | netwrk lnks
| | +--------^-+ +-------+ | E <----(2,3,4)-->
| +-------< POLICY | | FLOOD >--(7)--> | |
| +------^---+ +-^-----+ | P | |
| | | | R | |
| +-----------+ +-^-----------V-+ | O | |
| | DIRECTORY <----> RESOLVE <------(5)--> T | |
| +-----^-----+ +---^-----------+ | O | |
| | | | C | |
| | +---------^-----------+ | O | |
| +----< Base Services | | L | |
| +-----^---------------+ +-----+ |
+------------------|-----------------------------------+
Switch CPU |
| Host control port
+-----O----------------+
| ^ no cnx |
Layer 2 | | |
---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
SA/DA pr | known cnx |
+----------------------+
Switch hardware
| Directory Resolve |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| | +---------^-----------+ |
| +----< Base Services | |
| +-----^---------------+ |
+-------------------|--------------------------+
Switch CPU |
| Host control port
+-----O----------------+
| ^ no cnx |
Layer 2 | | |
---------->O-----+--------------->O----------->
SA/DA pr | known cnx |
+----------------------+
Switch hardware
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| 7.7.7.1 |-----+ +-----| 7.7.7.2 |
| | | | | |
| AS1 | ======== | AS2 |
| | IX | | |
| | +-----| 7.7.7.3 |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
base level index index
directory servers servers
servers for for
base level lower-level
servers index servers
_______
| |
| A |__
|_______| \ _______
\---CIP----| |
_______ | D |__
| | /---CIP----|_______| \ ------
| B |__/ \--CIP------| |
|_______| | F |
/--CIP------|______|
/
_______ _______ /
| | | |-
| C |-------CIP----| E |
|_______| |_______|-
| \
r \
_______ e \ ______
| | f \--CIP-----| |
| G |-------CIP---------e------------------| H |
|_______| r |______|
\--referral---| r --referral-/
[Home LAN]
[LAC Client]----------+ |
____|_____ +--[Host]
| | |
[LAC]---------| Internet |-----[LNS]-----+
| |__________| |
_____|_____ :
| |
| PSTN |
[Remote]--| Cloud |
[System] | | [Home LAN]
|___________| |
| ______________ +---[Host]
| | | |
[LAC]-------| Frame Relay |---[LNS]-----+
| or ATM Cloud | |
|______________| :
+-----+ +-----+
| |~~~~~~~~~~L2TP Tunnel~~~~~~~~~~| |
| LAC | | LNS |
| #######Control Connection######## |
[Remote] | | | |
[System]------Call----------*============L2TP Session=============* |
PPP +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| | | |
[Remote] | | | |
[System]------Call----------*============L2TP Session=============* |
PPP +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| | | |
| |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| |
+-----+ +-----+
______ ______
| |____________________| |
| ATUC | | ATUR |
| |____________________| |
|______| |______|
______ (ifEntry=j) ______
| | fast channel | |
| |________________________| |
| | and/or | |
| | | |
| | (ifEntry=k) | |
| | interleaved channel | |
| |________________________| |
| ATUC | | ATUR |
| | | |
| | (ifEntry=i) | |
| | physical | |
| |________________________| |
|______| |______|
ADSL ifIndex ifTable Configuration Line
Profile Table
__________________________________________________________________
1 i1 ADSL Line -- ---> Platinum Profile
j1 Fast Chan | |
k1 Int Chan | |
| ^
v | Gold Profile
x ix ADSL Line ------>------> Silver Profile
jx Fast Chan --------------->
kx Int Chan
__________________________________________________________________
ADSL ifIndex ifTable Configuration Line
Profile Table
__________________________________________________________________
x ix ADSL Line ------------> Profile
jx Fast Chan
kx Int Chan
__________________________________________________________________
\ | / . /
+---------------+ WAN . +-----------------+/
|Regional Router|----------------------|Stub Router w/NAT|---
+---------------+ . +-----------------+\
. | \
. | LAN
. ---------------
Stub border
________________
( )
( External ) +--+
( Address Realm )-- |__|
( (N-Ext) ) /____\
(________________) Host-X
| (Addr-X)
|(Addr-Nx)
+--------------+
| |
| NAT router |
| |
+--------------+
|(Addr-Np)
|
----------------
( )
+--+ ( Private )
|__|------( Address Realm )
/____\ ( (N-pri) )
Host-A (________________)
(Addr-A)
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>
<---------------------------------
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-A>,
embedding <End-to-end packet,
with src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-k>
<--------------------------------------
<Outer TCP/UDP packet with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nxa>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
<Outer TCP/UDP packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-A,
Dest Port=T-Na>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<-----------------------------------
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
<Outer IP header, with
src=Addr-Np, Dest=Addr-A>,
embedding
<End-to-end packet, with
src=Addr-X, Dest=Addr-Nx,
Dest Port=T-Nx>
<----------------------------------
***************
* LLC Filters *
***************
| | |
v | v
************ | ***************
* IP Spoof * | * SNMP Access *
************ | ***************
| | |
v v v
****************
* IP Filter In *
****************
|
v
*****************
* IP Filter Out *
*****************
|
v
***********
* LLC Out *
***********
| <== to network layer
+-------------+--------------+
| RF MAC |
+----+---------+-----------+-+
| | |
+---------+---+ +---+-------+ +-+---------+
| Downstream1 | | Upstream1 | | Upstream2 |
+-------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
\ | /
+-----------------------+
|Service Provider Router|
+-----------------------+
WAN |
Stub A .........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Stub Router w/NAT|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | |
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| |__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ /____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Host1 DMZ-Host2 ... DMZ-Name DMZ-Web |
Server Server etc. |
|
Internal hosts (Private IP network) |
------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
|__| |__| |__| |__|
/____\ /____\ /____\ /____\
Int-Host1 Int-Host2 ..... Int-Hostn Int-Name Server
Original-IP
packet
||
||
vv
+---------------------------------+ +-----------------------+
| | |DNS Appl. Level Gateway|
|Network Address Translation (NAT)|--->| (DNS_ALG) |
| *IP & Transport header mods |<---| *DNS payload mods |
| | | |
+---------------------------------+ +-----------------------+
||
||
vv
Translated-IP
packet
.
________________ . External.com
( ) .
( ) . +-------------+
+--+ ( Internet )-.---|Border Router|
|__|------ ( ) . +-------------+
/____\ (________________) . |
Root | . |
DNS Server | . ---------------
+---------------+ . | |
|Provider Router| . +--+ +--+
+---------------+ . |__| |__|
| . /____\ /____\
| . DNS Server Host X
External domain | . 171.68.1.1 171.68.10.1
............................|...............................
Private domain |
| Private.com
|
+--------------------------------------+
|Bi-Directional NAT router with DNS_ALG|
| |
| Private addresses: 172.19/16 |
| External addresses: 131.108.1/24 |
+--------------------------------------+
| |
---------- ----------
| | DNS Server
+--+ +--+ Authoritative
|__| |__| for private.com
/____\ /____\
Host A DNS Server
172.19.1.10 172.19.2.1
(Mapped to 131.108.1.8)
.
________________ . External.com
( ) .
( ) . +-------------+
+--+ ( Internet )-.---|Border Router|
|__|------ ( ) . +-------------+
/____\ (________________) . |
Root | . |
DNS Server | . ---------------
+---------------+ . | |
|Provider Router| . +--+ +--+
+---------------+ . |__| |__|
| . /____\ /____\
| . DNS Server Host X
External domain | . 171.68.1.1 171.68.10.1
............................|...............................
Private domain |
| Private.com
|
+-------------------------------------------+
| Twice-NAT router with DNS_ALG |
| |
| Private addresses: 171.68/16 |
| Assigned External addresses: 131.108.1/24 |
| |
| External addresses: 171.68/16 |
| Assigned Private addresses: 10/8 |
+-------------------------------------------+
| |
---------- ----------
| | DNS Server
+--+ +--+ Authoritative
|__| |__| for private.com
/____\ /____\
Host A DNS Server
171.68.1.10 171.68.2.1
(Mapped to 131.108.1.8)
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp | | |
| seconds | micro seconds | ttl | ttl - 1 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| T | | |
| T1 T2 | W1 | W2 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+-------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp |
| seconds | micro seconds |
| 32 bits | 32 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+-------------------------------+
| (T1) | (T2) |
| T |
| 64 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp | | |
| seconds | micro seconds | ttl | ttl - 1 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| T | | |
| T1 T2 | W1 | W2 |
| 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits | 32 bits |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 31 63 95 127
+-------------------------------+
| timestamp | timestamp |
| seconds | micro seconds |
| 32 bits | 32 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+-------------------------------+
| (T1) | (T2) |
| T |
| 64 bits |
+-------------------------------+
0 31 63
+------------+
| Result |
| V
+-------+ +--------+
| | | |
Packet Stream ===>| Meter |===>| Marker |===> Marked Packet Stream
| | | |
+-------+ +--------+
+------+------+------------+------+----======----+
| type |length| random ID | hash | endpoint ID |
+------+------+------------+------+----======----+
+------+------+--==--+------+------+--==--+------+--==--+
|remote|remote|remote|local |local |local |user | user |
|EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |EPD |name | name |
|class |length|data |class |length|data |length| data |
+------+------+--==--+------+------+--==--+------+--==--+
------------------------------------------
| Management Interface |
------------------------------------------
| | |
------------ ------------------ --------------
| MPLS |<->| Constraint-Based | | Conventional |
| | | Routing Process | | IGP Process |
------------ ------------------ --------------
| |
----------------------- --------------
| Resource Attribute | | Link State |
| Availability Database | | Database |
----------------------- --------------
[ Abstract ] [ Abstract ]
[negotiation] [ negotiation ]
[ process ] [ metadata ]
| |
V V
[Negotiation] [ Negotiation ]
[ protocol ] [ metadata ]
[ binding ] [representation]
| |
------- -------
| |
V V
[Application protocol]
[ incorporating ]
[content negotiation ]
+-------
+------------+|
(channel) ===|DS0 endpoint| -------- Connections
+------------+|
+-------
+-------
+---------------+|
(line) ===|analog endpoint| -------- Connections
+---------------+|
+-------
+----------------------+
| Announcement endpoint| -------- Connection
+----------------------+
+-------
+--------------------------+|
|Conference bridge endpoint| -------- Connections
+--------------------------+|
+-------
+-------
+---------------------+ |
|Packet relay endpoint| 2 connections
+---------------------+ |
+-------
+-------
+------------------+|
(channel) = |ATM trunk endpoint| -------- Connections
+------------------+|
+-------
Create connection
received
|
V
+-------------------+
|resource allocation|-(failed)-+
+-------------------+ |
| (connection refused)
(successful)
|
v
+----------->+
| |
| +-------------------+
| | remote session |
| | description |----------(yes)--------+
| | available ? | |
| +-------------------+ |
| | |
| (no) |
| | |
| +-----------+ +------+
| +--->| half open |------> Delete <-------| open |<----------+
| | | (wait) | Connection |(wait)| |
| | +-----------+ received +------+ |
| | | | | |
| | Modify Connection | Modify Connection |
| | received | received |
| | | | | |
| | +--------------------+ | +--------------------+ |
| | |assess modification | | |assess modification | |
| | +--------------------+ | +--------------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| |(failed) (successful) | (failed) (successful) |
| | | | | | | |
| +<---+ | | +-------------+-------+
| | |
+<-------------------+ |
|
+-----------------+
| Free connection |
| resources. |
| Report. |
+-----------------+
|
V
Command issued: N=0
|
transmission: N++
| +------------ retransmission: N++ -----------+
| | |
| | transmission |
| | +---to new address -+<--------------------|--+
| | | N=0 | | |
V V V | | |
+-----------+ | | |
| awaiting |- new call agent ->+ +------------+ | |
| response |--- timer elapsed --->| N > Max1 ? |-(no)+ |
+-----------+ <----------+ +------------+ ^ |
| | | | | |
| +- wrong key? -+ (yes) | |
| | | |
response received (if N=Max1, | |
| or N=Max2 | |
| check DNS) | |
v | | |
(end) +---------------+ | |
|more addresses?|(yes)|--+
+---------------+ |
| |
(no) |
| |
+------------+ |
| N > Max2 ? |(no)-+
+------------+
|
(yes)
|
v
(disconnected)
all end-user ######## SNMP query
+-------+ +--------+ ---- job submission
|monitor| | client |
+---#---+ +--#--+--+
# # |
# ############ |
# # |
+==+===#=#=+==+ |
| | agent | | |
| +-------+ | |
| PRINTER <--------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
all end-user
+-------+ +----------+
|monitor| | client | ######## SNMP query
+---+---# +---#----+-+ **** non-SNMP cntrl
# # | ---- job submission
# # |
# # |
#=====#=+==v==+
| agent | |
+-------+ |
| server |
+----+-----+--+
control * |
********** |
* |
+========v====+ |
| | |
| | |
| PRINTER <---------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
all end-user
+-------+ +----------+
|monitor| | client | ######## SNMP query
+---+---* +---*----+-+ **** non-SNMP query
# * * | ---- job submission
# * * |
# * * |
# *=====v====v==+
# | |
# | server |
# | |
# +----#-----+--+
# optional# |
# ########## |
# # |
+==+=v===v=+==+ |
| | agent | | |
| +-------+ | |
| PRINTER <---------+
| | Print Job Delivery Channel
| |
+=============+
+----> canceled(7)
/
+---> pending(3) -------> processing(5) ------+------> completed(9)
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted(8)
| v v /
+---> pendingHeld(4) processingStopped(6) ---+
MIB Object | LPR/LPD Parameter
------------------------------+----------------------------------------
jmJobKOctetsPerCopyRequested | Number of bytes as defined in the Data
| File
jmJobOwner | Control file command code = P (User Id)
MIB attribute | LPR/LPD information | Data type
----------------------+---------------------------------+--------------
jobName | Job Name (notes 1, 2) | Octet String
queueNameRequested | Queue name from the Data File | Octet String
fileName | Source File Name (notes 1, 3) | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptMVS(7) | Byte 2 = x'01' | Integer
jobName | Bytes 4-11 | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptVM(8) | Byte 2 = x'02' | Integer
fileName | Bytes 4-11 | Octet String
MIB attribute | IPDS XOH DGB Group ID | Data type
----------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------
jobSourcePlatformType sptOS400(9) | byte 2 = x'03' | Integer
fileName | Bytes 23-32 | Octet String
jobName | Bytes 37-46 | Octet String
MIB Object | PJL Job attribute
----------------------+------------------------------------
jobOwner | DocOwner or DocOwnerId attribute
MIB Object | PServer Job attribute
----------------------+--------------------------------------------
jobOwner | Client Id Number
MIB Object | SMB Parameter
----------------+------------------------------------------------
jmJobOwner | SMB User Id field (note 1)
MIB Object | TIP/SI Parameter
-----------------------+---------------------------------------------
jmJobOwner | User string
MIB attribute | TIP/SI information | Data type
----------------------+---------------------------------+-------------
jobName | Job Name string | Octet String
jobComment | Additional Information string | Octet String
+---------------+ No +---------------------------+
| | +--->|Forward packet in the Clear|
Outgoing |Does the packet| | |Or Drop, as appropriate. |
-------->|match Outbound |-| +---------------------------+
Packet |Security | | +-------------+
|Policies? | |Yes |Perform | Forward
| | +--->|Outbound |--------->
+---------------+ |Security | IPsec Pkt
|(Tunnel Mode)|
+-------------+
IPsec packet +----------+ +----------+
destined to |Perform | Embedded |Does the | No(Drop)
------------>|Inbound |--------->|Pkt match |-------->
the device |Security | Packet |Inbound SA| Yes(Forward)
|(Detunnel)| |Policies? |
+----------+ +----------+
+---------------+ +-------------------------+
| | No | Apply Normal-NAT or Drop|
Outgoing |Does the packet| +--->| as appropriate |
-------->|match Outbound |-| +-------------------------+
Packet |Security | | +---------+ +-------------+
(Private |Policies? | |Yes |Perform | |Perform |Forward
Domain) | | +--->|Outbound |->|Outbound |-------->
+---------------+ |NAT | |Security |IPsec Pkt
|(IPC-NAT)| |(Tunnel mode)|
+---------+ +-------------+
IPsec Pkt +----------+ +---------+ +----------+
destined |Perform | Embedded |Perform | |Does the |No(Drop)
--------->|Inbound |--------->|Inbound |->|Pkt match |-------->
to device |Security | Packet |NAT | |Inbound SA|Yes(Forward)
(External |(Detunnel)| |(IPC-NAT)| |Policies? |
Domain) +----------+ +---------+ +----------+
________________
| |
| |
| |
| |
--------->| Non-Listener |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| stop listening | start listening | stop listening
| (stop timer, |(send report, | (send done if
| send done if | set flag, | flag set)
| flag set) | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | query received | |
| Delaying | (start timer) | Idle |
---->| Listener |------------------->| Listener |
| | | report received | |
| | | (stop timer, | |
| | | clear flag) | |
| |_________________|------------------->|_________________|
| query received | timer expired
| (reset timer if | (send report,
| Max Resp Delay | set flag)
| < current timer) |
-------------------
--------------------------------
_______|________ gen. query timer |
--------- | | expired |
| Initial |---------------->| | (send general query, |
--------- (send gen. q., | | start gen. q. timer) |
start initial gen. q. | |<----------------------
timer) | Querier |
| |
-----| |<---
| | | |
| |________________| |
query received from a | | other querier
router with a lower | | present timer
IP address | | expired
(start other querier | ________________ | (send gen. query,
present timer) | | | | start gen. q. timer)
| | | |
| | | |
---->| Non |----
| Querier |
| |
| |
---->| |----
| |________________| |
| query received from a |
| router with a lower IP |
| address |
| (start other querier |
| present timer) |
---------------------------
________________
| |
| |timer expired
timer expired| |(notify routing -,
(notify routing -)| No Listeners |clear rxmt tmr)
------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| | ---------------
| | | | rexmt timer |
| report received| | | expired |
| (notify routing +,| | | (send m-a-s |
| start timer)| | | query, |
__________|______ | ________|_|______ st rxmt |
| |<------------ | | tmr) |
| | | |<-------
| | report received | |
| | (start timer, | |
| | clear rxmt tmr) | |
| Listeners |<-------------------| Checking |
| Present | done received | Listeners |
| | (start timer*, | |
| | start rxmt timer, | |
| | send m-a-s query) | |
--->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
________________
| |
| |
timer expired| |timer expired
(notify routing -)| No Listeners |(notify routing -)
--------->| Present |<---------
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |________________| |
| | |
| |report received |
| |(notify routing +,|
| | start timer) |
________|________ | ________|________
| |<--------- | |
| | report received | |
| | (start timer) | |
| Listeners |<-------------------| Checking |
| Present | m-a-s query rec'd | Listeners |
| | (start timer*) | |
---->| |------------------->| |
| |_________________| |_________________|
| report received |
| (start timer) |
-----------------
CLIENT SERVER
------ ------
ClientHello
-------------------------------->
ServerHello
Certificate *
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
ServerHelloDone
<-------------------------------
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
change cipher spec
Finished
| -------------------------------->
| change cipher spec
| Finished
| |
| |
Application Data <------------------------------->Application Data
+--------+
+----| |----+
+---+ +---+ | ===> <=== |
| | | | +----| # |----+
| | | # | +-----#------+
| # | +---#-------| v |-----------+
+--#----| v | | |-----+
| v ===> ===> Backbone <=== <=== |
+-------| ^ | | ^ |-----+
+---#-------| ^ |-----#-----+
| # | +-----#------+ | # |-----+
| | | # | | <=== |
+---+ +---| | | |-----+
| ===> | +--------+
+---+--------+
+---------------+ +--------------+
| | | |
SCN<-------->[SG] <--+---------O------------+--> [SG] <------> SCN
signal | | | | | | signal
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Signaling|gateway Signaling|gateway (opt)
O O
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
| | | | | |
| [MGC] <--+--------O-------------+--> [MGC] |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Gateway | controller Gateway | controller (opt)
O O
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
Media | | | | | | Media
<------+---->[MG] <---+-----RTP stream-------+-> [MG] <----+-------->
stream| | | | stream
+---------------+ +--------------+
Media gateway Media gateway
SGU
+--------+
SS7<------>[SG] |
(ISUP) | | |
+---|----+
ST | SGU MGCU
+---|----+ +--------+ +--------+
| [MGC] | SS7---->[SG] | | [MGC] |
| | | | | | | | | |
+---|----+ +---|----+ +--|-|---+
MGCU | ST | | |
| | ST | |
Media +---|----+ Media +---|----+ +--|-|---+
------->[MG] | ----->[MG/MGC]| SS7 link-->[SG]| |
stream | | stream | | Media------> [MG] |
+--------+ +--------+ stream +--------+
MGU MGU MGU
SGU MGCU
+---------+ +---------+
| | ST | |
| [SG2]------------------------------>[MGC] |
| ^ ^ | | |
+---|-|---+ +---------+
| |
| | ST
ST| +--------------------------------+
| |
| |
SS7 +---|----------+ SS7 +----|---------+
-----------> [SG1] | -----------> [SG1] |
media | | media | |
------------------->[MG] | ------------------->[MG] |
stream +--------------+ stream +--------------+
MGU MGU
MGCU
+-------------+
| [MGC] |
| | | |
+-----|-|-----+
| |
| O device control
| |
Q.931/ST O |
| |
+-----|-|-----+
| | | |
Q.931---->[SG]| |
signals| | |
| | |
Media---->[MG] |
stream | |
+-------------+
MGU
+--------------+
| IP SCP |
+--|----|------+
| |
SGU | | SGU
+--------------+ | | +--------------+
| | | | | |
SS7<--------->[SG] ---------+ | | [SG]<---------> SS7
(TCAP) | | | | | | |
+------|-------+ | +------|-------+
| | |
O +------------+ O
MGCU | | | MGCU
+-------|----|--+ +-----|--------+
| | | | | | |
| [MGC] | | [MGC] |
| | | | | |
+-------|-------+ +-----|--------+
| |
+-------|-------+ +-----|------+
Media | | | | | | Media
<------+---->[MG] <---+--RTP stream---+--> [MG] <-+-------->
stream| | | | stream
+---------------+ +------------+
MGU MGU
+-- +--------------------------------+
| | SCN adaptation module |
| +--------------------------------+
| |
S | +--------------------------------+
I | | Common Signaling Transport |
G | +--------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------------------+
| | standard IP transport |
+-- +--------------------------------+
MANAGER
/ \
2.3 / \ 2.4
/ \
/ \ ANALYSIS
METER <-----> METER READER <-----> APPLICATION
2.2 2.7
Ignore
--- match(S->D) -------------------------------------------------+
| Suc | NoMatch |
| | Ignore |
| match(D->S) -----------------------------------------+
| | Suc | NoMatch |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------+
| | |
| | Suc |
| current(D->S) ---------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| | Fail |
| | |
| create(D->S) ----------- count(D->S,r) --------------+
| |
| Suc |
current(S->D) ------------------ count(S->D,f) --------------+
| Fail |
| Suc |
current(D->S) ------------------ count(D->S,r) --------------+
| Fail |
| |
create(S->D) ------------------- count(S->D,f) --------------+
|
*
+-------- test ---------+ +---- action -----+
attribute & mask = value: opcode, parameter;
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| from\to | meter | meter reader | application | manager |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| meter | N/A | authent | N/A | authent |
| | | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl |
| | | integrity | | |
| | | confid ** | | |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| meter | authent | N/A | authent | authent |
| reader | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl | acc ctrl |
| | | | integrity | |
| | | | confid ** | |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| appl | N/A | authent | | |
| | | acc ctrl | ## | ## |
|---------+--------------+--------------+-------------+------------|
| manager | authent | authent | ## | authent |
| | acc ctrl | acc ctrl | | acc ctrl |
| | integrity | integrity | | integrity |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
International |
Backbones/National ---------------
/ \
Regional/MidLevel ---------- ----------
/ \ \ / / \
Stub/Enterprise --- --- --- ---- ----
||| ||| ||| |||| ||||
End-Systems/Hosts xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxx
------------+-------+-------- Statement -------+-------+-----------
| | | |
| +------- Declaration ------+ |
| |
+---------------------<--------------------+
----------------+---- IF_statement ----------------+---------------
| |
+---- Compound_statement ----------+
| |
+---- Imperative_statement --------+
| |
+---- CALL_statement --------------+
--- IF --- expression ---+------------+---- Statement ----+--->
| | |
+-- SAVE , --+ |
| |
+-- SAVE ; ----------------------+
>-----------+-----------------------------+-----------------
| |
+-----ELSE --- Statement -----+
-------- term --------+------------------------+-------------------
| |
+--<-- term ----- || ----+ logical OR
------- factor -------+------------------------+-------------------
| |
+--<-- factor --- && ----+ logical AND
------------+-------- attrib == operand_list --------+-----------
| |
+------------ ( expression ) --------------+
----------+------------------ operand -----------------+-----------
| |
+-- ( operand ---+-------------------+-- ) --+
| |
+-<-- operand , ---+
------------- value ---------+----------------------+--------------
| |
+------- / width ------+
| |
+------- & mask -------+
-------+-------------+----- { ---+---- Statement ----+--- } -------
| | | |
+-- label : --+ +--------<----------+
------+---------------------------------------------------+------ ;
| |
+-- SAVE attrib --+--+-----------+--+---------------+
| | | | | |
| | +- / width -+ | |
| | | | | |
| | +- & mask --+ | |
| | | |
| +--- = operand ---+ |
| |
+-- COUNT ------------------------------------------+
| |
+-- EXIT label ------------------------------------+
| |
+-- IGNORE -----------------------------------------+
| |
+-- NOMATCH ----------------------------------------+
| |
+-- RETURN --+-------+------------------------------+
| | | |
| +-- n --+ |
| |
+-- STORE variable := value ------------------------+
-- SUBROUTINE subname ( --+-----------------------------+-- ) -->
| |
+--+-- ADDRESS --- pname --+--+
| |
+-- VARIABLE -- pname --+
| |
+------<------- , ------+
>------+-------- Statement ---------+----- ENDSUB -------- ;
| |
+-------------<--------------+
---- CALL subname ( --+---------------------+-- ) ---->
| |
+--+-- parameter --+--+
| |
+----<--- , ----+
>---+-------------------------------------+--- ENDCALL ---- ;
| |
+---+--+-- n : --+--- Statement --+---+
| | | |
| +----<----+ |
| |
+--------------<--------------+
+--------------+--+------------+--+--+---------+--+
| packet |c0| packet |db|dd| |c0|
+--------------+--+------------+--+--+---------+--+
END ESC END
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
| schema | packet (formatted according to schema) |
| 1 byte | ?? bytes (schema dependant length) |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
| extended | packet (formatted according to schema) |
| schema | ?? bytes (schema dependant length) |
| 2 bytes | |
+-----------+---------------------------------------------+
Lease ID
Type Random Number
+---------+-------------...
| 0 |
+---------+-------------...
Lease ID Address Family Address Client-specific
Type Number Identifier
+---------+---------+---------+-----...-----+-----...-----+
| 1 | addrfamily | address | cli-spec id |
+---------+---------+---------+-----...-----+-----...-----+
Code Len Lease Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 1 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address Family Address
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 2 | n | family | a1 | ... |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
| 3 | n | i1 | i2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---
Code Len Scope ID
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
| 4 | n | i1 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
Code Len Requested Options
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---...
| 5 | n | Option1 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+---...
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 6 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Minimum Desired
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 7 | 4 | min | desired |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Language Tag
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 8 | n | L1 | | Ln |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Code Len Count Scope List
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 9 | p | m | L1 | | Lm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Encoded Name List
Count
+---+--...--+---+---+--...--+---+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| ... ID ... | ... Last ... | T | n | EN1 | | ENn |
+---+--...--+---+---+--...--+---+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Name Lang Language Tag Name Name
Flags Length Length
+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| F | q | L1 | | Lq | r | N1 | | Nr |
+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
Code Len Count
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...
| 9 | 51 | 2 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Name Lang Language
Count Flags Length Tag
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
|239|192| 0 | 0 |239|195|255|255|10 | 1 | 128 | 2 | en |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
Name
Length Name
+------+--+--+-...-+--+--+...
| 15 | Inside abcd.com |
+------+--+--+-...-+--+--+...
Scope ID Last Address TTL Name Name Lang Language
Count Flags Length Tag
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
|224| 0 | 1 | 0 |238|255|255|255|16 | 1 | 128 | 2 | en |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-----+-----+------+-...-+...
Code Len Address Range List
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 10 | n | L1 | L2 | | Ln |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
StartAddress1 BlockSize1 StartAddress2 BlockSize2 ...
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--...--+
| ... S1 ... |B11|B12| ... S2 ... |B21|B22| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--...--+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 11 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Supported Requested Required
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 12 | n | FL1 | FL2 | FL3 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Feature Feature Feature
Count Code 1 Code m
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+
| m | FC1 | | FCm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 13 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Lease Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 14 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 15 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Error Code Extra Data
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ...
| 16 | n | ecode | d1 d2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ...
Server Client Server
v v v
| | |
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ GETINFO | GETINFO \|
| | |
| | |
|\ | ____________/|
| \_________ | / ACK |
| ACK \ |/ |
| \ | |
| | |
v v v
Server Client Server
(not selected) (selected)
v v v
| | |
|Begin multicast address request|
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ DISCOVER | DISCOVER \|
| | |
Reserves | Reserves
Address | Address
| | |
|\ | ____________/|
| \_________ | / OFFER |
| OFFER \ |/ |
| \ | |
| Collects replies |
| \| |
| Selects Server |
| | |
| _____________/|\_____________ |
|/ REQUEST | REQUEST \|
| | |
| | Commits address
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ ACK |
| | |
| assignment complete |
| | |
v v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| RENEW \|
| |
| Extends lease
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
| |
v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| RELEASE \|
| |
| Cancels lease
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
v v
Client Server
v v
| |
|\_____________ |
| REQUEST \|
| |
| Allocates address
| |
| _____________/|
|/ ACK |
| |
v v
Speed Asynchronous Isochronous
+------------------------------------+
| S100 | 512 | 1024 |
| S200 | 1024 | 2048 |
| S400 | 2048 | 4096 |
| S800 | 4096 | 8192 |
| S1600 | 8192 | 16384 |
| S3200 | 16384 | 32768 |
+------------------------------------+
ether_type Datagram
+-------------------------+
| 0x0800 | IPv4 |
| 0x0806 | 1394 ARP |
| 0x8861 | MCAP |
+-------------------------+
lf Position
+------------------------+
| 0 | Unfragmented |
| 1 | First |
| 2 | Last |
| 3 | Interior |
+------------------------+
Value Speed
+---------------+
| 0 | S100 |
| 1 | S200 |
| 2 | S400 |
| 3 | S800 |
| 4 | S1600 |
| 5 | S3200 |
+---------------+
tcode Description Arbitration
+--------------------------------------+
| 0x01 | Block write | Asynchronous |
| 0x0A | Stream packet | Isochronous |
| 0x0A | Stream packet | Asynchronous |
+--------------------------------------+
opcode Name Comment
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | Advertise | Sent by a multicast channel owner to |
| | | broadcast the current mapping(s) from one |
| | | or more group addresses to their |
| | | corresponding channel number(s). |
| 1 | Solicit | Sent to request multicast channel owner(s) |
| | | to advertise the indicated channel |
| | | mapping(s) as soon as possible. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
..........................................
. Area 1.
. + .
. | .
. | 3+---+1 .
. N1 |--|RT1|-----+ .
. | +---+ \ .
. | \ ______ .
. + \/ \ 1+---+
. * N3 *------|RT4|------
. + /\_______/ +---+
. | / | .
. | 3+---+1 / | .
. N2 |--|RT2|-----+ 1| .
. | +---+ +---+ .
. | |RT3|----------------
. + +---+ .
. |2 .
. | .
. +------------+ .
. N4 .
..........................................
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| | | | | P|MC|LA|NU|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|U |S2|S1| LSA Function Code |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
STATE
+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| A | B | C | D | E
| (Initial | TestOK | Commit | Test | Commit
| State) | | OK | Fail | Fail
| | | | |
EVENT | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| 7.2.4.1 | | | |
Receive | All varbinds | | | |
TestSet | OK? | X | X | X | X
PDU | Yes ->B | | | |
| No ->D | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
| | 7.2.4.2 | | |
Receive | | NoError? | | |
Commit- | X | Yes ->C | X | X | X
Set PDU | | No ->E | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | | 7.2.4.3 | |7.2.4.3
UndoSet | X | X | ->done | X | ->done
PDU | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Receive | | 7.2.4.4 | 7.2.4.4 |7.2.4.4 |
Cleanup- | X | ->done | ->done | ->done | X
Set PDU | | | | |
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
Session | | rollback | undo | |
Loss | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done | ->done
---------+---------------+--------------+---------+--------+--------
The following table presents, from the master agent's perspective,
the state transitions involved in transport connection setup and
teardown:
STATE
+--------------+--------------
| A | B
| No transport | Transport
| | connected
| |
EVENT | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |
connect | ->B | X
indication | |
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if no resources
Open-PDU | | available
| | reject, else
| X | establish
| | session
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive | | if matching
Response-PDU | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else ignore
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Receive other | | if matching
PDUs | | session id,
| | feed to that
| X | session's FSM
| | else reject
| |
| | ->B
----------------+--------------+--------------
Transport | |notify all
disconnect | |sessions on
indication | X |this transport
| |
| | ->A
----------------+--------------+--------------
STATE
+-------------+----------------
| A | B
| No session | Session
| | established
EVENT | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| 7.1.1 |
Receive | | X
Open PDU | ->B |
---------------+-------------+----------------
| | 7.1.8
Receive | X |
Close PDU | | ->A
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.4
Register PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.5
Unregister | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Get PDU | |
GetNext PDU | |
GetBulk PDU | X | X
TestSet PDU | |
CommitSet PDU | |
UndoSet PDU | |
CleanupSet PDU | |
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.10
Notify PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive Ping | | 7.1.11
PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
(continued next page)
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.2
IndexAllocate | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.3
IndexDeallocate| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.6
AddAgentxCaps | X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.1.7
RemoveAgentxCap| X |
PDU | | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | | 7.2.5
Response PDU | X |
| | ->B
---------------+-------------+----------------
Receive | |
Other PDU | X | X
---------------+-------------+----------------
GSS-API library defaults
|
|
V text, for
text --------------> internal_name (IN) -----------> display only
import_name() / display_name()
/
/
/
accept_sec_context() /
| /
| /
| / canonicalize_name()
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| |
V V <---------------------
single mechanism import_name() exported name: flat
internal_name (MN) binary "blob" usable
----------------------> for access control
export_name()
MSB LSB
|------------------------------------------------------------|
| Calling Error | Routine Error | Supplementary Info |
|------------------------------------------------------------|
Bit 31 24 23 16 15 0
LAST-HOP Ending
Receiver node node Sender
__ __ __ __ __
| |---------| |------>| |--> ...-->| |--> ...---->| |
|__| |__| DREQ |__| DREQ |__| DREQ |__|
^ . |
| . |
| DREQ . DREP | DREP
| . |
_|_ DREP V V
Requester | | <------------------------------------
(client) |___|
Downstream Path Sender
__ __ __ __
Receiver +------| |<------| |<-- ...---| |-----| |
__ __ / |__| |__| |__| |__|
| |--....--|X |_/ ^
|__| |__| \ Router B |
Black \ __ |
Hole +----->| |---->---+
|__| Upstream Path
........... ............... .............
: _______ : : _____ :
: | | : : | | :
Intranet :--| Rentry|===================|Rexit|___:Intranet
: |_______| : : |_____| :
..........: : Internet : :...........
:..............
|___________________|
H1 H2
: :
: :
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +-------+
| | | | | | | | | |
H3... | Rentry |===================================| Rexit |..... H4
| | | | | | | | | |
+--------+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +-------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| H | |
| F | 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+----------------+
| |
| Network Node | Policy Server
| |
| +-----+ | COPS +-----+
| | PEP |<-----|-------------->| PDP |
| +-----+ | +-----+
| ^ |
| | |
| \-->+-----+ |
| | LPDP| |
| +-----+ |
| |
+----------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| R-Type | M-Type |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Reason-Code | Reason Sub-code |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Command-Code | Flags |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Error-Code | Error Sub-code |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ////////////// | KA Timer Value |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| Report-Type | ///////////// |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
C-Type = 1, IPv4 Address + TCP Port
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| IPv4 Address format |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ///////////////////////// | TCP Port Number |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
C-Type = 2, IPv6 Address + TCP Port
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 Address format +
| |
+ +
| |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ///////////////////////// | TCP Port Number |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
0 1 2 3
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| ////////////// | ACCT Timer Value |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
+----------------+
| |
| Network Node | Policy Servers
| |
| +-----+ | COPS Client Type 1 +-----+
| | |<-----|-------------------->| PDP1|
| + PEP + | COPS Client Type 2 +-----+
| | |<-----|---------\ +-----+
| +-----+ | \----------| PDP2|
| ^ | +-----+
| | |
| \-->+-----+ |
| | LPDP| |
| +-----+ |
| |
+----------------+
PEP (router)
+-----------------+
| |
R1 ------------+if1 if2+------------ S1
| |
+-----------------+
PEP (router)
+-----------------+
| |
R1-------------+ if1 if3 +--------- S1
| |
R2----+ | |
| | |
+--------+ if2 if4 +--------- S2
| | |
R3----+ +-----------------+
PDP1 PDP2
| |
| |
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A +---------+ B +---------+ C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
PEP2 PIN PEP2
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | POLICY_DATA | 1 |
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| Data Offset | 0 (reserved) |
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| |
// Option List //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| |
// Policy Element List //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type |
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
| |
// Policy information (Opaque to RSVP) //
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type = Identity Type |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
// Authentication Attribute List //
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Length |A-Type |SubType|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| OctetString ...
+-------+-------+-------+--------
+-----+ +-----+
| PDP |-------+ | PDP |
+-----+ | ................... +-----+
| : : |
+--------+ : Transit : +-------+
+----| Router |------: Network : -------| Router|--+
| +--------+ : : +-------+ |
| | :.................: | |
| | | |
Host A B C D
________________ Policy server
| | ______
| Network Node | | |------------->
| _____ | | | May use LDAP,SNMP,.. for accessing
| | | | | | policy database, authentication,etc.
| | PEP |<-----|------->| PDP |------------->
| |_____| | |_____|
| |
|________________|
________________ ____________________
| | | |
| Network Node | Policy Server | Network Node |
| _____ | _____ | _____ _____ |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | PEP |<-----|---->| PDP | | | PEP |<-->| PDP | |
| |_____| | |_____| | |_____| |_____| |
| ^ | | |
| | _____ | |____________________|
| \-->| | |
| | LPDP| |
| |_____| |
| |
|________________|
______________________________
| |
| Router |
| ________ _____ | _____
| | | | | | | |
| | RSVP |<------->| PEP |<--|---------->| PDP |
| |________| |_____| | |_____|
| ^ |
| | Traffic control |
| | _____________ |
| \---->| _________ | |
| | |capacity | | |
| | | ADM CTL | | |
| | |_________| | |
--|----------->| ____ ____ | |
| Data | | PC | PS | | |
| | |____|____| | |
| |_____________| |
| |
|______________________________|
AD-1 AD-2 AD-3
________________/\_______________ __/\___ __/\___
{ } { } { }
A B C D E
+-------+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| RSVP | | RSVP| | RSVP | | RSVP | | RSVP |
+----+ |-------| |-----| |-------| |-------| |-------|
| S1 |--| P | L |--| |----| P | L |----| P | P |----| P | +----+
+----+ | E | D | +-----+ | E | D | | E | D | | E |-| R1 |
| P | P | | P | P | | P | P | | P | +----+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | |
| | +-------+
| | | PDP |
| +------+ | |-------|
+-------->| PDP |<------+ | |
|------| +-------+
| | PS-2
+------+
PS-1
1 2 3 4 32
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | ... | | | | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
1 2 3 4 5 8 32
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+ +---+---+
| l | s | | | sec_1 | ... | sec_n | ... | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+ +---+---+
1 4 up to 64
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | ... | | | | |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
1 4 5 8
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
| s | | | | sec_1 | ... | sec_n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+---+
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 <sec-index> "path"
----------->
<-----------
FH: length, status, {sec_1 sec_2 ... sec_n}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x01 "/export"
----------->
<-----------
0x1c, 0x01, {0x3900 0x3901 0x3902 0x3903 0x3904 0x3905 0x3906}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x08 "/export"
----------->
<-----------
0x0c, 0x00, {0x3907 0x3908 0x3909}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, "/export/home"
AUTH_SYS
----------->
<-----------
AUTH_TOOWEAK
LOOKUP FH=0x0, 0x81 0x01 "/export/home"
AUTH_SYS
----------->
<-----------
overloaded FH: length, status, {sec_1 sec_2 sec_3}
LOOKUP FH=0x0, "/export/home"
sec_n
----------->
<-----------
FH = 0x01
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ SPECIFIER /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ DETAIL /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB) +1 (LSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ CACHE-HDRS /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+0 (MSB)
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | TIME |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0: | |
/ IDENTITY /
/ /
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
---------|--------------------------|-------------------------------
| User Plane | Control Plane
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
Services | IP | ILMI | UNI, PNNI
---------|--------------------------|----------|---------------------
AAL | AAL1, AAL2, AAL3/4, AAL5 | AAL5 | SAAL
---------|--------------------------|----------|---------------------
ATM | Cell Relay | OAM, RM
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
| Convergence |
Physical |--------------------------|--------------------------------
| Media |
---------|--------------------------|--------------------------------
|---------------------------|---------------------------|--------------|
| Higher Layer PDU | Padding (If needed) | Trailer |
|---------------------------|---------------------------|--------------|
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
| CPCS-UU | CPI | Length | CRC-32 |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
/ 1 , t < ts
|
| ts + 2cL(ts-) - t
gi(t) | ----------------- , ts < t < ts + cL(ts-)
| cL(ts-)
|
\ 1 , t > ts + cL(ts-)
+--------+ ----------- +--------+
+---+ | ISP | ( IP ) | ISP | +---+
|CPE|-------| edge |-----( backbone ) -----| edge |------|CPE|
+---+ ATM | node | ( ) | node | ATM +---+
VCC +--------+ ----------- +--------+ VCC
10.1.1.0/30 +--------+ +--------+ 10.2.2.0/30
+---+ | ISP | IP tunnel | ISP | +---+
|CPE|-------| edge |<--------------------->| edge |-------|CPE|
+---+ stub | router | 10.9.9.4/30 | router | stub +---+
link +--------+ +--------+ link :
| ^ | | ^ :
| | | --------------- | | :
| | +----( )----+ | :
| | ( IP BACKBONE ) | :
| | ( ) | :
| | --------------- | :
| | | | :
| |IP tunnel +--------+ IP tunnel| :
| | | ISP | | :
| +---------->| edge |<----------+ :
| 10.9.9.8/30 | router | 10.9.9.12/30 :
backup| +--------+ backdoor:
link | | | link :
| stub link | | stub link :
| | | :
| +---+ +---+ :
+-------------|CPE| |CPE|.......................:
10.3.3.0/30 +---+ +---+ 10.4.4.0/30
10.0.0.1
+----+
|Host|----- LAC ------------- LNS 10.0.0.0/8
+----+ / +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ---------
/----| NAS |---( IP Backbone )---| GW |----( Corp. )
dial +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ( Network )
connection ------------- ---------
10.0.0.1
+----+
|Host|----- ------------- 10.0.0.0/8
+----+ / +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ---------
/----| NAS |---( IP Backbone )---| GW |----( Corp. )
dial +-----+ ( ) +-----+ ( Network )
connection ------------- ---------
<-------------- L2TP Tunnel -------------->
with LAC on host
<-------------- PPP Session --------------> LNS on gateway
___________
/ \
[IPv6 Host]---[SIIT]---------< IPv4 network>--[IPv4 Host]
| \___________/
(pool of IPv4 addresses)
___________ ___________
/ \ / \
[IPv6 Host]--< Dual network>--[SIIT]--< IPv4 network>--[IPv4 Host]
\___________/ | \___________/
(pool of IPv4 addresses)
[IPv6-B]-+
| +==============+
[IPv6-A]-+-[NAT-PT]---------| IPv4 network |--[IPv4-C]
| +==============+
(pool of v4 addresses)
[DNS]--+
| [DNS]------[DNS]-------[DNS]
[IPv6-B]-+ | |
| +==============+ |
[IPv6-A]-+----[NAT-PT]------| IPv4 network |--[IPv4-C]
| +==============+
(pool of v4 addresses)
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Resolve an IPv4 address for "host6".>> | |
| | | | | | |
|------|------>| Query of 'A' records for "host6". | Name
| | | | | | | Server
| | |---------|-------|-----------|---------|--->|
| | | Query of 'A' records and 'AAAA' for "host6"
| | | | | | | |
| | |<--------|-------|-----------|---------|----|
| | | Reply only with 'AAAA' record. |
| | | | | | |
| | |<<Only 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |-------->| Request one IPv4 address |
| | | | corresponding to the IPv6 address.
| | | | | | |
| | | |<<Assign one IPv4 address.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |<--------| Reply with the IPv4 address.
| | | | | | |
| | |<<Create 'A' record for the IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | |
|<-----|-------| Reply with the 'A' record. | |
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Send an IPv4 packet to "host6".>>| | |
| | | | | | |
|======|=======|=========|======>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |<------| Request IPv6 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the IPv4
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |------>| Reply with the IPv6|
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |===========|========>|
| | | | | | |
| | | | <<Reply an IPv6 packet to
| | | | "dual stack".>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|=========|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
|<=====|=======|=========|=======| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 TCP/ extension address translator IPv6
appli- IPv4 name mapper
cation resolver
| | | | | | |
<<Receive data from "host6".>> | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|=========|
| | | | | | |
| | | |<------| Request IPv4 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the IPv6
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |------>| Reply with the IPv4|
| | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
|<=====|=======|=========|=======| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
<<Reply an IPv4 packet to "host6".>> | |
| | | | | | |
|======|=======|=========|======>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |An IPv6 packet. |===========|========>|
| | | | | | |
+--------------+
| Transaction |
| signed by |
| submitter |
+--------------+
|
| 1
v
+---------------------+ 2
| Primary repository |---->+----------+
| identified by | | database |
| RPSL source |<----+----------+
+---------------------+ 3
|
| 4
v
+----------------+
| Redistributed |
| transaction |
+----------------+
+----------------+
| Redistributed |
| transaction |
+----------------+
|
| 1
v
+--------------------+ 2
| |---->+----------+
| Mirror repository | | database |
| |<----+----------+
+--------------------+ 3
|
| 4
v
+------------------+
|+----------------+|
|| Redistributed ||
|| transaction ||
|+----------------+|
| Optional |
| signature |
+------------------+
............ ................
. . +B+--> . *B+-->
. . / . / .
. * . + .
. <---+A*---+C+-> . <---+A+---*C+->
. + . . + .
. / . . / .
. zone X <-- . . zone X <-- .
.............. ..................
###########################
# Zone1 = Zone2 # ##### = large scope zone boundary
*E-----+--->A*-----+-x #
# | = v # ===== = Local Scope boundaries
# | ======*===*==#
# | = B F # ----> = path of ZAM originated by E
G*<-----+--->C*-> | ^ #
# v = <-+---+ # ABCDE = ZBRs
# D = Zone3 #
#######*################### * = boundary interface
+-----------+ +-----------+ +-------------+
| Zone 1 | | Zone 3 | | Zone 5 |
| +------+| | +------+ | .........|..
| |Zone 2|| | |Zone 4| | : Zone 6 | :
| +--A---+| | C | | D | :
+-----------+ +----+--B---+ +--------E----+ :
:..........:
#####*####========
# B # = ##### = non-convex scope boundary
# |->A* =
# | # = ===== = other scope boundaries
# | ####*####
# | E # ----> = path of B's ZCM
# v D*
# C # * = boundary interface
#####*############
=============#####*########
= Zone1 # A Zone2 # C = misconfigured router
= +---->*E v #
= | # B # ##### = leaky scope boundary
=======*=====#====*=======#
= D # | # ===== = other scope boundaries
= ^-----*C<--+ #
= Zone4 # Zone3 # ----> = path of ZAMs
=============##############
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| |
| v
+------------+ +------------+
| PRESENTITY | | WATCHER |
+------------+ +------------+
+----------------WATCHER---------------+
| |
| +----FETCHER---+ +--SUBSCRIBER--+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--POLLER--+ | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | +----------+ | | | |
| +--------------+ +--------------+ |
+--------------------------------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P1 |
+---------------------------+
+------------+ +------------+
| P1->P2 | | P1 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P1->P2 |
+---------------------------+
^
|P2
+------------+ +------------+
| P2 | | P1 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
| P2 |
+---------------------------+
|P2
v
+------------+ +------------+
| P2 | | P1->P2 |
| PRESENTITY | | SUBSCRIBER |
+------------+ +------------+
+---------------------------+
| INSTANT MESSAGE SERVICE |
| |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| |
| v
+------------+ +---------------+
| SENDER | | INSTANT INBOX |
+------------+ +---------------+
+------------------------------------+
| PRESENCE INFORMATION |
+------------------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| STATUS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| COMMUNICATION ADDRESS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT MEANS |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT ADDRESS |
| | +-----------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| OTHER MARKUP |
| +-------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| STATUS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| COMMUNICATION ADDRESS |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT MEANS |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | +-----------------+
| | =>| CONTACT ADDRESS |
| | +-----------------+
| | +-------------------------+
| =>| OTHER MARKUP |
| +-------------------------+
| +-------------------------------+
=>| PRESENCE TUPLE |
| +-------------------------------+
| ...
+---------------------------+
| PRESENCE SERVICE |
+---------------------------+
^ |
| PRESENCE PROTOCOL |
| v
+------------+ +------------+
| PRESENTITY | | WATCHER |
+------------+ +------------+
^ ^
| |
| |
o +--------------+ +-------------+ o
/|\ -->| PRESENCE UA | | WATCHER UA |<-- /|\
X +--------------+ +-------------+ X
+---------------------------+
| INSTANT MESSAGE SERVICE |
+---------------------------+
^ |
IM| INSTANT MESSAGE |IM
| PROTOCOL v
+------------+ +---------------+
| SENDER | | INSTANT INBOX |
+------------+ +---------------+
^ ^
| |
| |
o +-------------+ +------------------+ o
/|\ -->| SENDER UA | | INBOX UA |<-- /|\
X +-------------+ +------------------+ X
---------------------------------
| |
| Delivery Header |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| GRE Header |
| |
---------------------------------
| |
| Payload packet |
| |
---------------------------------
--------------------------- LAN Media in a POP
| |
----- -----
|CR | |RS |
----- -----
/ | \
/ | \
C1 C2..Cn
-+-+-+-+-+- CHIMP -+-+-+-+-+-
| SIMIAN/ | ----------> * *
| MONKEY | * ZOO *
| | <---------- * *
-+-+-+-+-+- KEEPER -+-+-+-+-+-
/ \
/ \
IAMB-PENT / \ PAN
/ \
V V
-+-+-+-+-+- -+-+-+-+-+-
* * * *
* BARD * * CRITIC *
* * * *
-+-+-+-+-+- -+-+-+-+-+-
CODE DESCRIPTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | <Encrypted response following; see below>
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | "You're reinventing the wheel."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 2 | "This will never, ever sell."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | "Huh? I don't understand this at all."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 4 | "You forgot one little obscure reference from twenty years
| | ago that renders your whole idea null and void."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 5 | "Due to the number of submissions, we could not accept every
| | transcript."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 6 | "There aren't enough charts and graphs. Where is the color?"
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 7 | "I'm cranky and decided to take it out on you."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 8 | "This is not in within the scope of what we are looking for."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| 9 | "This is too derivative."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|10 | "Your submission was received after the deadline. Try again
| | next year."
-------------------------------------------------------------------
+----------+ +------------------+
| PKCS #10 | | CMS "certs-only" |
+----------+--------------+ | message |
| | +------------------+------+
| Certificate Request | | |
| | | CMS Signed Data, |
| Subject Name | | no signerInfo |
| Subject Public Key Info | | |
| (K_PUB) | | signedData contains one |
| Attributes | | or more certificates in |
| | | the "certificates" |
+-----------+-------------+ | portion of the |
| signed with | | signedData. |
| matching | | |
| K_PRIV | | encapsulatedContentInfo |
+-------------+ | is empty. |
| |
+--------------+----------+
| unsigned |
+----------+
+----------------+ +----------------+
| CMS signedData | | CMS signedData |
| object | | object |
+----------------+--------+ +----------------+--------+
| | | |
| PKIData object | | ResponseBody object |
| | | |
| Sequence of: | | Sequence of: |
| <enrollment attribute>* | | <enrollment attribute>* |
| <certification request>*| | <CMS object>* |
| <CMS objects>* | | <other message>* |
| <other message>* | | |
| | | where * == zero or more |
| where * == zero or more | | |
| | | All certificates issued |
| Certificate requests | | as part of the response |
| are CRMF or PKCS#10 | | are included in the |
| objects. Attributes are | | "certificates" portion |
| (OID, ANY defined by | | of the signedData. |
| OID) pairs. | | Relevant CA certs and |
| | | CRLs can be included as |
+-------+-----------------+ | well. |
| signed (keypair | | |
| used may be pre-| +---------+---------------+
| existing or | | signed by the |
| identified in | | CA or an LRA |
| the request) | +---------------+
+-----------------+
Merchant Customer Care Provider resolves ----------
---------------------------------------------->| Merchant |
| Consumer disputes and problems |Cust.Care.|
| | Provider |
| ----------
|
Payment Handler accepts or makes ----------
| ------------------------------------------>| Payment |
| | Payment for Merchant | Handler |
| | ----------
v v
---------- Consumer makes purchases or obtains ----------
| Consumer |<--------------------------------------->| Merchant |
---------- refund from Merchant ----------
^
| Delivery Handler supplies goods or ----------
|---------------------------------------------->|Deliverer |
services for Merchant | Handler |
----------
CONSUMER MERCHANT
Generate first
IOTP Message
--- |
| | v
Process incoming | I | -------------
IOTP Message & <------------- | | ------------ | IOTP Message |
generate next IOTP | | -------------
Message | N |
| | |
v | |
------------- | T | Process incoming
| IOTP Message | -------------- | | -----------> IOTP Message &
------------- | | generate next
| E | IOTP Message
| | |
| | v
Process incoming | R | -------------
IOTP Message <------------- | | ------------ | IOTP Message |
generate last IOTP | | -------------
Message & stop | N |
| | |
v | |
------------- | E | Process last
| IOTP Message | -------------- | | -------------> incoming IOTP
------------- | | Message & stop
| | T | |
v | | v
STOP --- STOP
IOTP MESSAGE IOTP MESSAGE *
|-Trans Ref Block. ID=M1.1 |-Trans Ref Block.ID=C1.1*
| |-Trans Id Comp. ID = M1.2 ------------>| |-Trans Id Comp.
| | Copy Element | | ID=M1.2
| |-Msg Id Comp. ID = M1 | |-Msg Id Comp. ID=C1 *
| |
|-Signature Block. ID=M1.8 |-Signature Block.ID=C1.5*
| |-Sig Comp. ID=M1.15 ------------------>| |-Comp. ID=M1.15
| Copy Element |
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.3 |-Trading Block.ID=C1.2 *
| |-Comp. ID=M1.4 -------------------------->|-Comp. ID=M1.4
| | Copy Element |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.5 -------------------------->|-Comp. ID=M1.5
| | Copy Element |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.6 |-Comp. ID=C1.3 *
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7 |-Comp. ID=C1.4 *
|
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.9
|-Comp. ID=M1.10 * = new elements
|-Comp. ID=M1.11
|-Comp. ID=M1.12
|-Comp. ID=M1.13
IOTP MESSAGE IOTP MESSAGE
|-Trans Ref Block. ID=M1.1 Trans ID |-Trans RefBlock. ID=C1.1
| |-Trans Id Comp. ID = M1.2 <-Components-|->|-TransId Comp.ID=M1.2
| | must be | |
| |-Msg Id Comp. ID = M1 Identical | |-Msg Id Comp. ID=C1
| ^ |
|-Signature Block. ID=M1.8 | |-Signature Block.ID=C1.5
| |-Sig Comp. ID=M1.15 | | |-Comp. ID=M1.15
| AND |
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.3 | |-Trading Block. ID=C1.2
| |-Comp. ID=M1.4 | |-Comp. ID=M1.4
| | v |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.5 <-------- -ID Attribute |-Comp. ID=M1.5
| | and El Ref |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.6 values must |-Comp. ID=C1.3
| | match--------|--> El Ref=M1.5
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7 |-Comp. ID=C1.4
|
|-Trading Block. ID=M1.9
|-Comp. ID=M1.10
|-Comp. ID=M1.11
|-Comp. ID=M1.12
|-Comp. ID=M1.13
IOTP Message Signature Id = P1.3
|-Trans Ref Block digest TransRefBlk |-Manifest
| | ID=P1.1-----------------------------|->|-Digest of P1.1--
| |-Trans Id Comp digest TransIdComp | | |
| | ID = M1.2----------------------------|->|-Digest of M1.2--|
| |-Msg Id Comp. digest Signature | | |
| | ID = P1 -------------------|->|-Digest of M1.5--|
| | digest element | | |
|-Signatures Block | -----------------|->|-Digest of M1.7--|
| | ID=P1.2 | | digest element | | |
| |-Signature ID=P1.3 | | ---------------|->|-Digest of C1.4--|
| |-Signature ID=M1.5---- | | | | |
| |-Signature ID=P1.4 | | Points to | -RecipientInfo* |
| |-Certificate ID=M1.6<---|-|---------------|------CertRef=M1.6 |
| | | | Certs to use | Sig.ValueRef=P1.4 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|-Trading Block. ID=P1.5 | | | v |
| |-Comp. ID=M1.7---------- | -Value* ID=P1.4: |
| | | JtvwpMdmSfMbhK<--
| |-Comp. ID=P1.6 | r1Ln3vovbMQttbBI
| | | J8pxLjoSRfe1o6k
| |-Comp. ID=C1.4------------ OGG7nTFzTi+/0<-
| |-Comp. ID=C1.5
Digital signature of Manifest element
using certificate identified by CertRef
TPO SELECTION BLOCK TPO BLOCK IOTPSIGNATURE BLOCK
| (Offer Response)
Brand Selection Organisation<--- |------Signature
Component Component | | Component
| | | -Manifest
|BrandList -Trading Role | |
| Ref Element | Originator |-Orig.
v (Merchant) ------------|--Info
Brand List Ref |
>Component |
| |-Protocol ------> Organisation Recipient |-Recipient
| | Amount Elem | Component <------------------|--Info
| | | | | Refs |
| |Pay|Protocol |Action -Trading Role |
| | | Ref |OrgRef Element |
| | v | (Payment Handler) |
| -PayProtocol-- |
| Elem ->Organisation Recipient |-Recipient
| | Component <--------------------Info
| | | Refs
| | -Trading Role
| | Element
| | (Delivery Handler
|
| OFFER RESPONSE BLOCK
| |
|BrandListRef |ActionOrgRef
| |
--Payment ---Delivery
Component Component
*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*+*
Start
|
v
Brand List<--------------------------+-----------Payment
Component BrandListRef | Component
| |
|-Brand<-------------------------- |
| Element BrandRef | |
| | Brand Selection
| |Protocol Component
| | AmountRefs | |
| v Protocol | |
|-Protocol Amount<---------------- |
| Element---------- AmountRef |
| | | |
| |Currency |Pay |
| | AmountRefs |Protocol |
| v |Ref |
|-Currency Amount | |
| Element<---------|----------------
| |
-PayProtocol<-----
Element---------------------->Organisation
Action Component
OrgRef |
-Trading Role
Element
(Payment Handler)
IOTP MESSAGE <----------- IOTP Message - an XML Document
| which is transported between the
| Trading Roles
|-Trans Ref Block <----- Trans Ref Block - contains
| | information which describes the
| | IOTP Transaction and the IOTP
Message.
--------> | |-Trans Id Comp. <--- Transaction Id Component -
| | | uniquely identifies the IOTP
| | | Transaction. The Trans Id
| | | Components are the same across
| | | all IOTP messages that comprise
| | | a single IOTP transaction.
| | |-Msg Id Comp. <----- Message Id Component -
| | identifies and describes an IOTP
| | Message within an IOTP
| | Transaction
| |-Signature Block <----- Signature Block (optional) -
| | | contains one or more Signature
| | | Components and their associated
| | | Certificates
| ---> | |-Signature Comp. <-- Signature Component - contains
| | | | digital signatures. Signatures
| | | | may sign digests of the Trans Ref
| | | | Block and any Trading Component
| | | | in any IOTP Message in the same
| | | | IOTP Transaction.
| | | |-Certificate Comp. <- Certificate Component. Used to
| | | check the signature.
Trading |-Trading Block <-------- Trading Block - an XML Element
Components | |-Trading Comp. within an IOTP Message that
| | | |-Trading Comp. contains a predefined set of
| ---> | |-Trading Comp. Trading Components
| | |-Trading Comp.
| | |-Trading Comp. <----- Trading Components - XML
| | Elements within a Trading Block
| |-Trading Block that contain a predefined set of
--------> | |-Trading Comp. XML elements and attributes
| |-Trading Comp. containing information required
| |-Trading Comp. to support a Trading Exchange
| |-Trading Comp.
| |-Trading Comp.
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
| ProtocolAmountRefs
|-Brand Element-----------------------------
| | |
| - Protocol Brand Element-------- |
| | |
| ProtocolId| |
| | |
|-Protocol Amount Element<----------+-------
| | | |
| | | |
| |CurrencyAmountRefs |Pay |
| | |Protocol |
| v |Ref |
|-Currency Amount Element | |
| Element | |
| | |
-PayProtocolElement<------<--------
IOTP MESSAGE <-----------IOTP Message - an XML Document
| which is transported between the
| Trading Roles
|-Trans Ref Block <----- Trans Ref Block - contains
| | information which describes the
| | IOTP Transaction and the IOTP
| | Message.
| |-Trans Id Comp. <--- Transaction Id Component -
| | uniquely identifies the IOTP
| | Transaction. The Trans Id
| | Components are the same across
| | all IOTP messages that comprise a
| | single IOTP transaction.
| |-Msg Id Comp. <----- Message Id Component - identifies
| and describes an IOTP Message
| within an IOTP Transaction
|-Signature Block <----- Signature Block (optional) -
| | contains one or more Signature
| | Components and their associated
| | Certificates
| |-Signature Comp. <-- Signature Component - contains
| | digital signatures. Signatures
| | may sign digests of the Trans Ref
| | Block and any Trading Component
| | in any IOTP Message in the same
| | IOTP Transaction.
| |-Certificate Comp. <-Certificate Component. Used to
| check the signature. (Optional)
------> |-Trading Block <--------Trading Block - an XML Element
| | |-Trading Comp. within an IOTP Message that
Trading | |-Trading Comp. contains a predefined set of
Blocks | |-Trading Comp. Trading Components
| | |-Trading Comp.
| | |-Trading Comp. <-----Trading Components - XML Elements
| | within a Trading Block that
------> |-Trading Block contain a predefined set of XML
| |-Trading Comp. elements and attributes
| |-Trading Comp. containing information required
| |-Trading Comp. to support a Trading Exchange
| |-Trading Comp.
| |-Trading Comp.
|
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| -------------- | ------------- |
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | | | |
| --------------- | | |
| | | | |
| -------------- | -- | |
v v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
----------------------------- | |
v v | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | | |
| | | {second)| | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| | | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
START -------------------------------------------------------
v
----------------
| AUTHENTICATION |
----------------
|
|
|
|
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
|
|
|
|
|
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
|
|
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
v
STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| -------------- | ------------- |
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | | | |
| --------------- | | |
| | | | |
| -------------- | -- | |
v v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
----------------------------- | |
v | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | | |
| | | {second)| | | |
---------- --------- | | |
| | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----------------
|
---------- --------- |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | |
| | | {second)| |
---------- --------- |
|
-----------------> STOP
START -----------------------------------------------------
| v
| ----------------
| | AUTHENTICATION |
| ----------------
-------------------------------------- |
| | |
| -------------- | -------------
v v v v
------------------- -----------------
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT |
| OFFER | | OFFER |
------------------- -----------------
| |
| |
| |
| -------------------
v v
--------- --------------
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH |
| (first) | | DELIVERY |
--------- --------------
|
----
v
---------- ---------
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT |
| | | {second)|
---------- ---------
|
-----------------------------> STOP
Signature generated IotpMsg (TPO)
by Merchant ensures - Trans Ref Block
integrity of the Offer --------> - - Signature Block
| - TPO Block MERCHANT
| - Offer Response Block
|
Signature generated by |
the Payment Handler of | IotpMsg (Pay Resp 1)
the first payment binds | - Trans Ref Block PAYMENT
Pay Receipt for the first -----> -> - Signature Block ----- HANDLER
payment to the Offer - Pay Response Block 1 | 1
|
Signature generated by |
the Payment Handler of IotpMsg (Pay Resp 2) | PAYMENT
the second payment binds - Trans Ref Block | HANDLER
the second payment to the -----> - Signature Block <------ 2
first payment and therefore - Pay Response Block 2
to the Offer
START
|
v
Auth Request Block in =TRUE
first IOTP Message ? ---------------------------------------
| = FALSE |
v v
Offer Response Block in ----------------
first IOTP Message ? | AUTHENTICATION |
|=TRUE |=FALSE ----------------
| | |
| | v
| ---------------------- TPO & Offer Response
------------- | Blocks in last IOTP Msg
| | |=TRUE |=FALSE
| | | v
| ------------- | ---- TPO Block only if
| | | last IOTP Message
| | | of Authentication
| | | |=TRUE |=FALSE
v v v v |
------------------- ----------------- |
| BRAND INDEPENDENT | | BRAND DEPENDENT | |
| OFFER | | OFFER | |
------------------- ----------------- |
| | |
v v |
Offer Response Block contains |
Delivery Component ? |
|=FALSE |=TRUE |
--- v |
| Value of DelivAndPayResp |
| attribute of Delivery Component ? |
| |=FALSE |=TRUE |
| | | |
v v v |
--------- -------------- |
| PAYMENT | | PAYMENT WITH | |
| (first) | | DELIVERY | |
--------- -------------- |
| | |
v | |
Offer and Response Block contains -------------->|
Delivery Component ? |
|=TRUE |=FALSE |
| v |
| Two Payment Components |
| present in Offer Response Block? |
| |=TRUE |=FALSE |
v v | |
---------- --------- | |
| DELIVERY | | PAYMENT | | |
| | | {second)| | |
---------- --------- | |
| | | v
----------------------------------------------> STOP
+-------+ +-------+
Signaling | | | |
-----------+ MGC + | AAA |
| | | |
+---+---+ +--+----+
| |
Megaco|_______________|
|
|
+---+---+ ~~|~~~
Bearer | | ( )
-----------+ NAS +-------( IP )
| | ( )
+-------+ ~~~~~~
+-------+ +-----+ +------+ +-----+ +--------+
|Router | | Host| | DSBM | | Host| | Router |
| R2 | | C | +------+ | B | | R3 |
+-------+ +-----+ / +-----+ +--------+
| | / | |
| | / | |
==============================================================LAN
| |
| |
+------+ +-------+
| Host | | Router|
| A | | R1 |
+------+ +-------+
+-----------+
+--<--------------<-|DetectDSBM |---->------+
| +-----------+ |
| |
| |
| |
| +-------------+ +---------+ |
+->---| Idle |--<>---|ElectDSBM|--<--+
+-------------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| +-----------+ |
+<<- +---| IAMDSBM |-<-+
| +-----------+
|
| +-----------+
+>>-| SHUTDOWN |
+-----------+
IPv4 LAN_NHOP_L3 object: class =163, C-Type = 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Length = 8 | 163 | 1 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv4 NHOP address |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
IPv6 LAN_NHOP_L3 object: class =163, C-Type = 2
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Length = 20 | 163 | 2 |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv6 NHOP address (16 bytes) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
IPv4 DSBM IP ADDRESS object: class = 42, C-Type =1
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| IPv4 DSBM IP Address |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ +
| |
+ IPv6 DSBM IP Address +
| |
+ +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| /// | /// | /// | SBM priority |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| /// | /// | DeadInterval | RefreshInterval|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
0 1 2 3
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
| NonResvSendLimit(limit on traffic allowed to send without RESV)|
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+----------------+
+-----------------------------+
| +-------+ +-------+ | RSVP
| |Appli- | | RSVP <------------------->
| | cation<--> | |
| | | |process| +-----+|
| +-+-----+ | +->Polcy||
| | +--+--+-+ |Cntrl||
| |data | | +-----+|
|===|===========|==|==========|
| | +--------+ | +-----+|
| | | | +--->Admis||
| +-V--V-+ +---V----+ |Cntrl||
| |Class-| | Packet | +-----+|
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|===================>
| +------+ +--------+ | data
+-----------------------------+
from IP from RSVP
+----|------------|------------+
| +--V----+ +---V---+ |
| | Addr <---> | | SBM signaling
| |mapping| |Request|<----------------------->
| +---+---+ |Module | |
| | | | |
| +---+---+ | | |
| | 802 <---> | |
| | header| +-+-+-+-+ |
| +--+----+ / | | |
| | / | | +-----+ |
| | +-----+ | +->|Band-| |
| | | | |width| |
| +--V-V-+ +-----V--+ |Alloc| |
| |Class-| | Packet | +-----+ |
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|=========================>
| +------+ +--------+ | data
+------------------------------+
to RSVP to IP
^ ^
+----|------------|------+
| +--+----+ | |
SBM signaling | |Request| +---+---+ |
<-------------> |Module | | Strip | |
| +--+---++ |802 hdr| |
| | \ +---^---+ |
| +--v----+\ | |
| | Band- | \ | |
| | width| \ | |
| | Alloc | . | |
| +-------+ | | |
| +------+ +v---+----+ |
data | |Class-| | Packet | |
<==============>| ifier|==>|Scheduler| |
| +------+ +---------+ |
+------------------------+
+-------------------------------+
SBM signaling | +-----+ +------+ +------+ | SBM signaling
<------------------>| IN |<->| SBM |<->| OUT |<---------------->
| | SBM | | prop.| | SBM | |
| +-++--+ +---^--+ /----+-+ |
| / | | / | |
______________| / | | | | +-------------+
| \ /+--V--+ | | +--V--+ / |
| \ ____/ |Local| | | |Local| / |
| \ / |Admis| | | |Admis| / |
| \/ |Cntrl| | | |Cntrl| / |
| +-----V+\ +-----+ | | +-----+ /+-----+ |
| |traff | \ +---+--+ +V-------+ / |egrss| |
| |class | \ |Filter| |Queue & | / |traff| |
| |map & |=====|==========>|Data- |=| Packet |=|===>|class| |
| |police| | | base| |Schedule| | |map | |
| +------+ | +------+ +--------+ | +-+---+ |
+----^---------+-------------------------------+------|------+
data in | |data out
========+ +========>
DATA-STREAM (FROM PPP) IN (FROM SDL FRAMER)
| |
v |
XOR<-------------------------+ +->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D41->D42-+
| | | |
+->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D41->D42-+ XOR<-------------------------+
| |
v v
OUT (TO SDL FRAMER) DATA-STREAM (TO PPP)
+----XOR<--------------XOR<---XOR<----------------+
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
+->D0-+->D1-> ... ->D26-+->D27-+->D28-> ... ->D47-+
|
v
OUT
Outgoing Corporate Departmental
Proxy Server Server
_______ Outgoing proxy contacts _______ _______
| | corporate server | | | |
| | -------------------------> | | ---------> | |
|_____| |_____| |_____|
Route 1 ^ \Searches
/ \ for
Sends to/ \ User
proxy / _|
_______ _______
| | Route 2 | |
| | ---------------------------------------------------> | |
|_____| Originator directly contacts destination |_____|
204.69.207.0/24
host <----- router <--- Internet <----- router <-- attacker
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 192.168.0.4/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 10.0.0.13/32
SYN/ACK
no route
TCP/SYN
<---------------------------------------------
Source: 172.16.0.2/32
SYN/ACK
no route
11.0.0.0/8
/
router 1
/
/
/ 204.69.207.0/24
ISP <----- ISP <---- ISP <--- ISP <-- router <-- attacker
A B C D 2
/
/
/
router 3
/
12.0.0.0/8
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
| An Attack: | |Counter- | | A System Resource: |
| i.e., A Threat Action | | measure | | Target of the Attack |
| +----------+ | | | | +-----------------+ |
| | Attacker |<==================||<========= | |
| | i.e., | Passive | | | | | Vulnerability | |
| | A Threat |<=================>||<========> | |
| | Agent | or Active | | | | +-------|||-------+ |
| +----------+ Attack | | | | VVV |
| | | | | Threat Consequences |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
Service Critical Evidence Evidence Archive . Evidence
Request => Action => Stored => Is => Evidence . Is
Is Made Occurs For Later Tested In Case . Verified
and Use | ^ Critical . ^
Evidence v | Action Is . |
Is +-------------------+ Repudiated . |
Generated |Verifiable Evidence|------> ... . ----+
+-------------------+
#=======================================================#
# +----------------- - - - -----------------+ #
# | Module 1 [1] . . . [i] | #
# +----------------- - - - -----------------+ #
# o o o #
# +---------------------- - - - --------+ #
# | Module M [1] . . . [n] | #
# +---------------------- - - - -----^--+ #
#=====================================|=================#
|
One or more NxPorts { [1] . . . [L] }<-+
- - - - - - - - -
where "i", "n", "M" and "L" are some arbitrary sample integer values,
and "L" must be less than 127.
Level 40
+---------------------------+
| |
| |
| @ ---- @ ---- @ |
| | | |
+----- | ----------- | -----+
| |
Level 60 | |
+------------- | ---+ +-- | --------------+
| | | | | |
R1* ------#-P1------@ | | @---------P3-#------- * R3
| | | | | |
R2* ------#-P2------+ | | +---------P4-#------- * R4
| | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
AS101 DMZ AS100
######### ##########
# #
| # | # |
+-- R1 ---------+ # R4 --+
| # | # |
| # | BGP4 on # OSPF on |
| OSPF on # | subnet # subnet |
| subnet # | 1.1/16 # 1.1.2/24 |
| 1.1.1/24 # | # |
| # +------------------- R3 --+
+-- R2 # | # |
| # #
######### ##########
__________ _________
| | | |
| OSPF |<-------------------|Proxy-PAR|<---(Proxy-PAR query)
|__________| notify | client |
^ neighbor changes |_________|
| |
send and | | maintain Proxy-PAR
receive | | entries in table
OSPF msg | |
| |
| |
____V____ ____V_____
| ATM | | |
| circuit |-------------------->|IP to NSAP|
| manager | check | table |
|_________| IP to NSAP bindings |__________|
+ + +
| +---+ | |
+--+ |---|RTA|---| +-------+ | +--+
|H1|---| +---+ | | ATM | |---|H2|
+--+ | | +---+ | Cloud | +---+ | +--+
|LAN Y |---|RTB|-------------|RTC|---|
+ | +---+ | PPAR | +---+ |
+ +-------+ +
Confidentiality Integrity
31 (MSB) 16 15 (LSB) 0
-------------------------------|-------------------------------
| TS(5) | U(3) | IA(4) | MA(4) | TS(5) | U(3) | IA(4) | MA(4) |
-------------------------------|-------------------------------
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\
___________ \ __/___ ___\_ \
| PINT | PINT \ PINT | PINT | |Exec| Telephone /
| client |<-------------->| server |gatewy|=====|Syst| Network \
|_________| protocol / cloud |______| |____| Cloud /
\ \ / \
/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
Code Len Type Client-Identifier
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 61 | 9 | 27 | EUI-64 (node unique ID) |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 7 15 23 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| AFI | Res. | SAFI |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
========================================================================
|Initially: |
| |
| AVG_INTERVAL = a constant; |
| avg-rate = CTR; |
| t-front = 0; |
| |
|Upon each packet's arrival, the rate estimator updates its variables: |
| |
| Bytes_in_win = avg-rate * AVG_INTERVAL; |
| New_bytes = Bytes_in_win + pkt_size; |
| avg-rate = New_bytes/( now - t-front + AVG_INTERVAL); |
| t-front = now; |
| |
|Where: |
| now = The time of the current packet arrival |
| pkt_size = The packet size in bytes of the arriving packet |
| avg-rate = Measured Arrival Rate of traffic stream |
| AVG_INTERVAL = Time window over which history is kept |
| |
| |
| Figure 2. Example Rate Estimator Algorithm |
| |
========================================================================
===================================================================
| avg-rate = Estimated Avg Sending Rate of Traffic Stream |
| |
| if (avg-rate <= CTR) |
| the packet is green; |
| else if (avg-rate <= PTR) AND (avg-rate > CTR) |
| (avg-rate - CTR) |
| calculate P0 = ---------------- |
| avg-rate |
| with probability P0 the packet is yellow; |
| with probability (1-P0) the packet is green; |
| else |
| (avg-rate - PTR) |
| calculate P1 = ---------------- |
| avg-rate |
| (PTR - CTR) |
| calculate P2 = ----------- |
| avg-rate |
| with probability P1 the packet is red; |
| with probability P2 the packet is yellow; |
| with probability (1-(P1+P2)) the packet is green; |
| |
| Figure 3. TSWTCM Marking Algorithm |
===================================================================
------ ------
| | | |
| M1 | TRIP TRIP | M2 |
| |\ | | /| |
------ \ | | / ------
\ \ / -------------- \ / /
------ \----| |----/ ------
| | | | | |
| M3 |--------| Clearinghouse|--------| M4 |
| | | | | |
------ /----| |----\ ------
/ -------------- \
------ / \ ------
| |/ \| |
| M5 | | M6 |
| | | |
------ ------
------ ------
| |------| |
| M1 | | M2 |
| |\ /| |
------ \ / ------
| \/ |
| /\ |<-----TRIP
------ / \ ------
| |/ \| |
| M3 | | M4 |
| |------| |
------ ------
------
| |
| M1 |
| |
------
/ \ <------- TRIP
------ ------
| | | |
| M2 | | M3 |
| | | |
------ ------
/ \ / \
------ ------ ------
| | | | | |
| M4 | | M5 | | M6 |
| | | | | |
------ ------ ------
ITAD1 ITAD2
----------------- ------------------
| | | |
| ---- | | ---- |
| | GW | | | | EU | |
| ---- \ ---- | | ---- / ---- |
| | LS | ---------------- | LS | |
| ---- ---- | / ---- \ ---- |
| | GW | / | /| | EU | |
| ---- | / | ---- |
| | / | |
------------------ / ------------------
/
/
--------- /----------
| | |
| ---- |
| | LS | |
| / ---- \ |
| ---- || ---- |
| | GW | || | EU | |
| ---- || ---- |
| ---- || ---- |
| | GW | / \ | EU | |
| ---- ---- |
| |
---------------------
ITAD3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | TOS | MBZ |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
|Prefix len.| Address suffix | Prefix name |
| (1 octet) | (0..16 octets) | (0..255 octets) |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A090000560060020C0003D0000C9F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (I902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1. Example of a success response record.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A09000056006008200003D0000F8F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (8902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2. Example of an error response record.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +-- Diagnostic field - zero pad to|
| | | | | | | | LL specified |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +----------------+ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | | |
| xxxx 12A0 xxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx ... print data ... |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3. Layout of the printer pass-through header
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +---------------------------|
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | |
| 0085 12A0 0101 0A 1800 01 000000000000 34C4012BD20345FF2BD2044C0002|
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD2040D00002BD20A8501010201030204022BD20309022BD2061100014A |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 402BD20601010000012BD306F60000FFFF2BD20A48000001000000010100 |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD10705000B0090012BD2044900F02BD206404A403DE02BD2041500F034 |
| |
| end of printer data |
| -------------------------+ |
| | |
| C4012BD10381FF002BC8034001 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4. Server sending client data with a print record
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || |
| 000A 12A0 0102 04 0000 01 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5. Client sending server a print complete record
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | || |
| 0011 12A0 0101 0A 0800 01 000000000000 00 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6. Server sending client a null print record
E1 +--+ +--+ E3
------------| | | |------------
| | W1 | |
|B1|------------|B2|
E2 | | | | E4
------------| | | |------------
+--+ +--+
E1 +--+ W2 +--+ E3
------------|B3|------------|B4|------------
+--+ +--+
E2 +--+ W3 +--+ E4
------------|B5|------------|B6|------------
+--+ +--+
P(F)
P(F) = TRUE <- : -> P(F) = FALSE
:
+----------:----------+ This box represents some
| : | universe of fax documents (F)
| Included : Excluded | from which some acceptable subset
| : | is selected by the predicate P.
+----------:----------+
:
----- ----
| ECN | | ECN |
| ON | | OFF |
data direction ---->> ----- ----
| |
server | |
---- ------ ------ | |
| | | R1 | | R2 | | |
| | -----| | ---- | | ----------------------
---- ------ ^ ------ |
^ |
| -----
congestion point ___| | C |
| |
-----
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context +-------------+ | |
| | | Termination | | |
| | |-------------| | |
| | +-------------+ +->| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Termination | +-----+ | | Channel | | |
| | |-------------| | |---+ +-------------+ | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * | | |
| | | | | |---+ +-------------+ | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ | | Termination | | |
| | | |-------------| | |
| | +->| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |Context | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+ | |
| | Termination | | +-----+ | Termination | | |
| |-------------| | | | |-------------| | |
<-+->| SCN Bearer | | | * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | Channel | | | | | Channel | | |
| +-------------+ | +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +------------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Termination | +-----+ | Termination | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| SCN Bearer |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| ___________________________________________________ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C1 | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T2 | +-----+ | Term. T1 | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C2 | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | +-----+ | Term. T3 | | |
| | | | |-------------| | |
| | | * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------+
|Media Gateway |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C1 | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T2 | +-----+ | |
| | |-------------| | | | |
<-+--->| RTP Stream |---| * | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Context C2 | |
| | +-------------+ +-------------+ | |
| | | Term. T1 | +-----+ | Term. T3 | | |
| | |-------------| | | |-------------| | |
<-+--->| SCN Bearer |---| * |------| SCN Bearer |<---+->
| | | Channel | | | | Channel | | |
| | +-------------+ +-----+ +-------------+ | |
| +-------------------------------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Context 1 Context 2 Context 3
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | T2 | | | | T2 | | | | T2 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ | | +---+ | | +--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| v v | | v | | | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
| | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
1. No Topology Desc. 2. T1, T2 Isolate 3. T3, T2 oneway
Context 1 Context 2 Context 3
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | T2 | | | | T2 | | | | T2 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ |
| | | | ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ | | +---+ | | +--+ +--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| v | | v | | v v |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
| | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | | | | T1 |<-->| T3 | |
| +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ | | +----+ +----+ |
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
4. T2, T3 oneway 5. T2, T3 bothway 6. T1, T2 bothway
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Transaction x |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 1 | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | Command | | Command | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | 4 | | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 2 | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Action 3 | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| | | Command | | Command | | Command | | |
| | | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ | |
| +----------------------------------------------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
---------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server |
|
------------------
( )
( Internal Network )
( (private to the )
( enterprise) )
(_________________ )
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server etc. | LAN
|
------------------------------------
| |
+----------+ +------------------+
| LNS | | Security Gateway |
| Server | | (SGW) |
+----------+ +------------------+
|
------------------
( )
( Internal Network )
( (Private to the )
( enterprise) )
(_________________ )
------------
Remote Access +-------------+ ( )
+--+______ Link | Local Access| ( )
|__| /___________| Concentrator|----( Internet )
/____\ | (LAC) | ( )
RA-Host +-------------+ (____________)
WAN |
.........|\|....
|
+-----------------+
|Enterprise Router|
+-----------------+
|
| DMZ - Network
------------------------------------------
| | |
+--+ +--+ +----------+
|__| |__| | Firewall |
/____\ /____\ +----------+
DMZ-Name DMZ-Web ... |
Server Server etc. | LAN
|
------------------------------------
|
+---------------+
| Secure Remote |
| Access Server |
| (SRAS) |
+---------------+
|
---------------------
( )
+--+ ( Internal Network )
|__|------( (Private to the )
/____\ ( enterprise) )
Ent-Host (______________________)
+----------------------+
| End-to-end IP packet |
| (RA-Host->Ent-Host) |
+----------------------+
---------------------->
+----------------------+
| End-to-end IP packet |
| (Ent-Host->Ra-Host) |
+----------------------+
---------------------->
{outer_data
----- inner_ctl}
---------------->| N |-----------------
| ---------------| 1 |<-------------- |
| | {inner_data ----- | |
| | outer_ctl} | |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
| | | |
| | ----- | |
| -------------->| N |--------------- |
-----------------| 4 |<----------------
-----
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
----- .
---------------->| N |----------------- .
| ---------------| 1 |<-------------- | .
| | ----- | | .
| | | | .
----- ----- .
. .>| N | | N |. .. .
. | 6 | | 2 | . .
. ----- ----- . .
. ^ | ^ | . .
. o | | i | | . .
. u | | n | | . .
. t | | n | | . .
. e | | e | | . .
. r | | r | | . .
. | v | v . .
. ----- ----- . .
. . | N | | N |<. . .
| 5 | | 3 | .
----- ----- .
| | | | .
| | ----- | | .
| -------------->| N |--------------- | .
-----------------| 4 |<---------------- .
----- .
^ .
. .
. . . . .<. . . . . . . . . . . .
^^ ||
|| vv
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----|Rx |----|Tx
| |Buffer | |Buffer
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
| | | |
|----| |----|
^^ Transit ||
|| Buffer ||
|| |------| vv
| H |
===========>|------|==========>
| L |
|------|
-----
################>| N |-----------------
# ---------------| 1 |<-------------- |
# | ----- | |
# | | |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# | | |
# v | v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
# | | |
# | ----- | |
# -------------->| N |--------------- |
#################| 4 |<----------------
-----
-----
################>| N |-----------------
# ###############| 1 |<############## |
# # ----- # |
# v # |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ # wrap ^ |
### # |
_________ # |
fiber cut # |
--------- # |
### # |
# v wrap # v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
# # # |
# # ----- # |
# ##############>| N |############### |
#################| 4 |<----------------
-----
-----------------| N |-----------------
| ---------------| 1 |<############## |
| | ----- # |
| v # |
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 6 | | 2 |
----- -----
^ | wrap ^ |
-- # |
_________ # |
fiber cut # |
--------- # |
-- # |
| v wrap # v
----- -----
| N | | N |
| 5 | | 3 |
----- -----
| | # |
| | ----- # |
| -------------->| N |############### |
-----------------| 4 |<----------------
-----
---------------------------------
| SRP Header |
---------------------------------
| Dest. Addr. |
---------------------------------
| Source Addr. |
---------------------------------
| Protocol Type |
---------------------------------
| Payload |
| |
| |
| |
---------------------------------
| FCS |
---------------------------------
if (MODE == 4,5)-------------------------------->[to host]--->|
| |
v |
if (MODE == 6)---------------------------------->[strip]----->|
| |
v |
if (!WRAPPED |
& WRONG_RING_ID)-------------------------------------------|--->|
| | |
v | |
if (MODE == 0,1,2,3)------------------------------------------|--->|
| | |
v | |
if (DA MATCH)--------------->if !(SA MATCH)----->[to host]--->| |
| | | |
| v | |
| if (unicast)------->[to host]--->| |
| | | |
| v | |
if (SA MATCH)-------------------->[strip]-------------------->| |
| | |
| | v
|--------------------------->|<-----------------------|----|
| |
v |
if (ttl < 2)------->[strip]----->|
| |
v |
[decrement ttl] |
| |
[fwd pkt to tb] |
| v
|<-----------------------|
v
[back to top]
if (TB_High has pkt)----------->[send pkt from TB_high]-->|
| |
v |
if (TB_Low full)------------------------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (Tx_High has pkt)----------->[send pkt from Tx_high]-->| |
| | |
v | |
if (TB_Low > Hi threshold)--------------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (my_usage >= allowed_usage)----------------------------|---->|
| | |
v | |
if (Tx_Low has pkt)------------>[send pkt from Tx_low]--->| |
| | |
| | v
|<------------------------------------------------|-----|
| |
v |
if (TB_Low has pkt)------------>[send pkt from TB_low]--->|
| v
|<------------------------------------------------|
|
v
[Go to Top]
{SF,A,W,S}
-------------------------------
| -----X--------------------- |
| | fiber | |
| v cut {IDLE,B,W,S}| v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | {SF,A,W,L} i ^ | o {SF,B,W,L}
| | n | | u
| | n | | t
| | e | | e
| v r | v r
Local FS,SF,SD,MS req.
--------- or Rx{REQ,SRC,W,S} from mate
| IDLE |-------------------------------------------
| |<---------------------------------------- |
--------- Local REQ clears | |
^ | or Rx{IDLE,SRC,I,S} | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
Rx{IDLE,SRC,I,S}| | Rx{REQ,SRC,W,L} | |
| | | |
| | | |
| v Local FS,SF,SD,MS REQ > Active req. | v
--------- or Rx{REQ,SRC,W,S},REQ > Active req. ---------
| PASS |------------------------------------>| WRAPPED |
| THRU |<------------------------------------| |
--------- ---------
Forwards Tx{REQ,SELF,W,S} for local REQ
{REQ,SRC,W,L} Tx{IDLE,SELF,W,S} for mate REQ
& Tx{REQ,SELF,W,L}
fiber cut
---------X-----------------------------
| ----------------------------------- |
| | | |
| v | v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | C |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
fiber cut
---------X-----------------------------
| -------X--------------------------- |
| | fiber cut | |
| v | v
----- -----
| A | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | C |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
| ----------------------------------- |
| | | |
| v | v /
----- ----/
| A | | C/| failed
| | | / | node C
----- -/---
^ | /^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e | |
r | | r | |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
wrap
----->|--------------------------------
| -<--|------------------------------ |
| | | |
| v | v
----- ----
| A | | C | Added
| | | | node
----- -----
^ | ^ |
o | | i | |
u | | n | |
t | | n | |
e | | e --- wrap
r | | r ^ |
| v | v
----- -----
| D | | B |
| | | |
----- -----
| | | |
| | | |
| ----------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------
| 96-bits | 32-bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
| 0:0:0:0:0:0 | IPv4 Address |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+
IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Address Format
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
| c ! | c ! protocolDir |
| n ! protocolDirID | n ! Parameters |
| t ! | t ! |
+---+--------------------------+---+---------------+
protocolDirID
+----------------------------------------+
| |
| 4 * N octets |
| |
+----------------------------------------+
protocolDirID protocolDirParameters
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+
| c | proto | proto | proto | proto | c |par|par|par|par|
| n | base | L(B+1) | L(B+2) | L(B+3) | n |ba-| L3| L4| L5|
| t |(+flags)| L3 | L4 | L5 | t |se | | | |
+---+--------+--------+--------+--------+---+---+---+---+---+ subOID
| 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
protocolDirID
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| proto | proto | proto | proto |
| base | L3 | L4 | L5 |
| | | | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+ octet
| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | count
protocolDirParameters
+---+---+---+---+
|par|par|par|par|
|ba-| L3| L4| L5|
|se | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
Fig. 2
base-identifier format
+---+---+---+---+
| | | | |
| f |op1|op2| m |
| | | | |
+---+---+---+---+ octet
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | count
802-1Q Child Layer-Identifier Format
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Base | |
| ID | base-specific format |
| | |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 3 | octet count
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | auth | | auth | | auth | | auth | |
| |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |<---->| AAA |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| User | | | | |
| | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | BB | | BB | |Budget |
| | | +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | |
| | +-------+ | |
| | |dial in| +-------+ +-------+
| |<====>|service|<====>|network|<====>|network|<===> Experiment
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+-------+
| AAA |<---1---> to AAA server as in fig. 2
request <---4--->|GateWay|
| |<---2---> optionally to ASM/service
+-------+
| |
+--------------|----+ |
| Service 2 | 2
| Application | | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | Application | | | Application |
| | Specific | | | Specific |
| | Module | | | Module |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | | |
| 5 | 5
| | | |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | Service | | | Service |
| | | | | Equipment |
| +-------------+ | +-------------+
+-------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| |======| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | ||
| | ||
| | ||
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| AAA Server | |
| |<-----+--| | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
| User | | | /|\ |
| | | |2 |3 |
| | | \|/ | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| User | | /|\ | |
| | | |2 |3 |
| | | | \|/ |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
+------+ | Service Provider |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| AAA Server | |
| |<-----+--| | |
| | 2 | +-------------------+ |
| User | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | 3 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
+------+ | |
+-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | 1 | User Home Organization |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| |<-----| | | |
| | 4 | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | | /|\
| | |2 |3
| | \|/ |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| | /|\ |
| | |2 |3
| | | \|/
| | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| User | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | 1 | | | |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| |<-----| +-------------------+ |
| | 4 | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | 1 | User Home Organization |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| |<-----| | | |
| | 2 | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| User | +-------------------------+
| | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | 3 | | | |
| |----->| +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| |<-----| +-------------------+ |
| | 4 | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +-------------------------+
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| User |======| |======| |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | Service | | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
+------+ | | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | 3 | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server |--+------+->| AAA Server | |
| | | | |<-+------+--| | |
| | | +-------------+ | 6 | +-------------+ |
| User | | /|\ | | | | /|\ |
| | | |2 |7 | | |4 |5 |
| | | | \|/ | | \|/ | |
| | 1 | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| |------+->| Service | | | | Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | 8 | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
+------+ | | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| | | User Home Org | | SuperOrg |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
| | +-------------------+ +-------------------+
| User | | Org1 | | Org2 |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | Service | | | | Service | |
| | | | Equipment | | | | Equipment | |
| | | +-------------+ | | +-------------+ |
| | | | | |
+------+ +-------------------+ +-------------------+
+------+ +------------------------------+
| | | User Home Organization |
| | | +-------------------+ PRP |
| | | | AAA Server | PIP |
| | | | | PDP |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +------------------------------+
| |
| |
| | +------------------------------+
| User | | Service Provider |
| | | +-------------------+ PRP |
| PRP | | | AAA Server | PIP |
| PIP | | | | PDP |
| PDP | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | Service | PIP |
| | | | Equipment | PEP |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ +------------------------------+
+--------------+
| AAA Server/ |
| AC Issuer |
| |
+--+-----------+
|
|Client
|Acquisition (1)
|
+--+-----------+ +---------------+
| | AC in application | Service |
| User +------------------------+ Equipment/ |
| | protocol (2) | AAA Server |
+--------------+ +---------------+
+------+ +-------------------------+
| | | Home ISP |
| | | (User Home Organization)|
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | /|\ | |
| | +--------------+---+------+
| | | |
| | |3 |4
| | | |
| | +--------------+---+------+
| | | Visited ISP | | |
| | | | \|/ |
| User | | +-------------------+ |
| | | | AAA Server | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-------------------+ |
| | | /|\ | |
| | | |2 |5 |
| | | | \|/ |
| | 1 | +-------------------+ |
| |------+->| NAS (Service | |
| |<-----+--| Equipment) | |
| | 6 | +-------------------+ |
| | | (Service Provider) |
+------+ PPP +-------------------------+
+-------------+
| |
| +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | |
| | | | | |
|Service| | +---------+ |
|User |=========| |
| | | +---------+ |
| | | | Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | |
| | Devices | |
| +---------+ |
| Autonomous |
| Service |
| Domain |
+-------------+
==== contractual
relationship
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|Service| | +---------+ | | +---------+ |
|User |=========| |========| |
| | | +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| | | | Network | | | | Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | | | | Routing | |
| | Devices | | | | Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| O***********O O************O | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----0----+ | | +----O----+ |
| | | |Network | | | |Network | |
+-------+ | |Routing | | | |Routing | |
| |Devices | | | |Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
+-------+ | |Broker | | | |Broker | |
| | | | | | | | | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
| O***********O Network O************O Network | |
+-------+ | | Routing | | | | Routing | |
| | Devices | | | | Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------------+
| Certificate |
....................| Authority |
: ..| |..
: : +-------------------+ :
: : :
: : :
: ***************:*********************** :
: * +---:---------+ +---*--:------+
: * | : | | * : |
: * | +-:-------+ | | +-O--:----+ |
: * | |{C} | | | | {C} | |
+---:--O+ | |Bandwidth| | | |Bandwidth| |
| {C} O***********O Broker O************O Broker | |
|Service| | +----O----+ | | +----O----+ |
|User |=========| * |========| * |
| | | +----0----+ | | +----O----+ |
| | | |Network | | | |Network | |
+-------+ | |Routing | | | |Routing | |
| |Devices | | | |Devices | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| Autonomous | | Autonomous |
| Service | | Service |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | | | | |
| |RAR | | 1 | | 2 | |
| User |-------->| |-------->| |-------->| |
| | RAA | BB1 | 4 | BB2 | 3 | BB3 |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | | | | | |
| |RAR | | 1 | | 3 | |
| User |-------->| |-------->| |-------->| |
| | RAA | BB1 | 2 | BB2 | 4 | BB3 |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
| | 7 | | 6 | | 5 | |
| |<--------| |<--------| |<--------| |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
adjacent BB <---------------------------> adjacent BB
|
V
+------------------------------+
| | inter-domain | |
| -------------- ------|
application | | PM |
server \ | |iface |
\ |------- ---------+ ------|
->| user/ | | simple | ------|
user/host-->| app | | policy | | NMS |
->| iface | | services| |iface |
/ |------- ---------+ ------|
network / | |
operator | ------- ------- |
| | data | |routing| |
| | store | |info | |
| | | | | |
| ------- ------- |
| |
| ---------------- |
| | intra-domain | |
+------------------------------+
^
|
edge router(s) <---------------------------> edge router(s)
+------+ +----------------------+
| | | File Service |----+
| | | AAA Server |<-+ |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | File Server | | |
| | | | | |
| User | +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| |------>| Print Service |--+ |
| |<------| AAA Server |<---+
| | +----------------------+
| | | Print Server |
| | | and Printer |
+------+ +----------------------+
+------+ +----------------------+
| |------>| File Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| | +----------------------+
| |
| | +----------------------+
| | | File Server |
| User | +----------------------+
| | /|\ |
| | | |
| | | \|/
| | +----------------------+
| |------>| Print Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| | +----------------------+
| | | Print Server |
| | | and Printer |
+------+ +----------------------+
+------+ +----------------------+
| |------>| File Service |
| |<------| AAA Server |
| |Get AC +----------------------+
| |
| | +----------------------+
| | | File Server |----+
| | | |<-+ |
| User | +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| | +---authorize passing AC | |<---Create session
| | | | | Using AC
| | V +----------------------+ | |
| |------>| Print Service | | |
| |<------| AAA Server | | |
| | +----------------------+ | |
| | | Print Server |--+ |
| | | and Printer |<---+
+------+ +----------------------+
+---------------------------------------------+
| +-----------------------------------------+ |
| | Faculty administration | |
| |+----------------+ +----------------+| |
| |O Student | | Curriculum || |
| *| Administration O*****O Commission || |
|*|| AAA Server | | AAA Server || |
*/|+---O------O-----+ +-----O------O---+| |
*//| * * * * | |
*// +----*---------*-----------*---------*----+ |
*//| * || * * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | * || * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | * || * * || * |
*// | +----*---------*--+ +--*---------*----+ |
*// | | * * | | * * |
*// | |+---O------O----+| |+----O------O---+| |
*// | || Educator A || || Educator B || |
*// | || AAA Server || || AAA Server || |
*// | || Service admin.|| || Service admin.|| |
*// | |+---O-----------+| |+-----------O---+| |
*// | | * | | * | |
+-O-------+ | | * | | * | |
| | | |+---O-----------+| |+-----------O---+| |
| Student | | || Educator || || Educator || |
| | | || Course A || || Course B || |
| | | |+---------------+| |+---------------+| |
+---------+ | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| Faculty |
+---------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------+
| |
| +----------------+ 6 +----------------+ |
| | Student |----->| Curriculum | |
| | Administration |<-----| Commission | |
| | AAA Server | 5 | AAA Server | |
| +----------------+ _ +----------------+ |
| /|\ | /|/ |
| | | / / |
| 2,8| |3 / /6 |
| | | 4/ / |
| | | / / |
| | | / / |
| | \|/ /|/ |
| +---------------+ -- +---------------+ |
| | Educator A | | Educator B | |
| | AAA Server | | AAA Server | |
| +---------------+ +---------------+ |
| /|\ | |
|2,4,8| |3,6 |
+---------+ | | \|/ |
| | 1,7 | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
| Student |------->| Educator | | Educator | |
| |<-------| Course A | | Course B | |
| | 7,8 | +---------------+ +---------------+ |
+---------+ | Faculty |
+----------------------------------------------+
....... *******
... *** *** A Only hears S
.. ** .. ** B hears S and R
. * . * C Only hears R
. * . *
. S<------->R * . TTL Boundary for S
. * . * * TTL Boundary for R
. A * B . C *
.. ** .. **
... *** ***
....... *******
........................
. .
. many hops .
.S<------------------------>R.
. .
. .
........................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. scope a . Scope Boundaries
. . . = scope a
. _______________ ________________ . - = scopes b,c
. / scope b \ / scope c \ . # = scopes d,e,f, & g
.| | | |.
.| ##### ##### | | ##### ##### |.
.| #scope# #scope#| | #scope# #scope# |.
.\ # d # # e #| | # f # # g # /.
.\ #### #####/ \ ##### #### /.
.\____________/ \_____________/.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Code Len Count Nest State Matrix
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
| 17 | p | m | N1 | | Nm |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-...-+-----+
+--------------------------+ +------------------------+
| | | |
| to other peers | | to other peers |
| || // | | || // || |
| Prefix | | Prefix Prefix |
| Coordinator | |Coordinator Coordinator|
+------------||------------+ +-------||----//---------+
||Layer 3 || //
+------------||------------------------------||--//-----------+
| Prefix Prefix |
| Coordinator=======================Coordinator |
| ^ ^ |
| +----------------+-------------+ |
| | Layer 2 | | |
| MAAS<---/ | +---> MAAS |
| ^ ^ v ^ |
| . . MAAS . |
| . .Layer 1 ^ .Layer 1 |
| v v .Layer 1 v |
| Client Client v Client |
| Client |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
T1a-----------T2a
| |
| |
| |
P3a====P3b P4a====P4b
| | / | / | \
| | _______/ | / | \
| | / | / | \______
| | / | / | \
C5a====C5b C6a====C6b----------C7a
\\ //
\\//
C5c
T1a-----------T2a
| |
............|....... |
. | . |
. P3a====P3b . P4a
. | | . /
. | | _______/
. | | / .
. | | / .
. C5a====C5b .
. \\ // .
. \\// .
. C5c .
. .
. Admin Scope Zone .
....................
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| attribute-group | n bytes - 0 or more
-----------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | q bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
| version-number | 2 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------
| operation-id (request) |
| or | 2 bytes - required
| status-code (response) |
-----------------------------------------------
| request-id | 4 bytes - required
-----------------------------------------------------------
| tag (delimiter-tag or value-tag) | 1 byte |
----------------------------------------------- |-0 or more
| empty or rest of attribute | x bytes |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| end-of-attributes-tag | 1 byte - required
-----------------------------------------------
| data | y bytes - optional
-----------------------------------------------
embedded printer:
output device
+---------------+
O +--------+ | ########### |
/|\ | client |------------IPP------------># Printer # |
/ \ +--------+ | # Object # |
| ########### |
+---------------+
hosted printer:
+---------------+
O +--------+ ########### | |
/|\ | client |--IPP--># Printer #-any->| output device |
/ \ +--------+ # Object # | |
########### +---------------+
+---------------+
fan out: | |
+-->| output device |
any/ | |
O +--------+ ########### / +---------------+
/|\ | client |-IPP-># Printer #--*
/ \ +--------+ # Object # \ +---------------+
########### any\ | |
+-->| output device |
| |
+---------------+
+----> canceled
/
+----> pending --------> processing ---------+------> completed
| ^ ^ \
--->+ | | +----> aborted
| v v /
+----> pending-held processing-stopped ---+
| |
|<--- data width --->|
| |
| | | |
|<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->|
| | | |
cross ^ | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------/
direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | \
<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll
feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper
direction |//////////////|/////| | | \
|//////////////|/////| | | /
|//////////////|/////| | v /
+------------------------------------------/
|
|
|<------ CUT HERE (to synchronize
| with data width)
|
| |
|<--- data width --->|
| |
| | | |
|<- A1 width ->|<- A1 width ->|
| | | |
cross ^ | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------/
direction | |//////////////|/////| | ^ /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | /
| |//////////////|/////| | | \
<-----------+- |//////////////|/////| | A1 \ roll
feed | |//////////////|/////| | height \ paper
direction |//////////////|/////| | | \
|//////////////|/////| | | /
|//////////////|/////| | v /
+------------------------------------------/
|
|
|<--- CUT HERE
| (to synchronize
| with data width)
| | | | |
|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ^ | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| A4 | | | |
| height | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
|<---------- data width ----------->|
| |
| | | | |
|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|<- A4 width ->|
| | | | |
cross ^ | | | | |
feed | +--------------------------------------------+
direction | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| ^ |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
| |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
<-----------+- |//////////////|//////////////|/////| A4 |
feed | |//////////////|//////////////|/////| height |
direction |//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
|//////////////|//////////////|/////| | |
|//////////////|//////////////|/////| v |
+--------------------------------------------+
|
CUT HERE ---->|
(to synchronize |
with data width) |
172.150.0/18 172.150.128/18
----------------------- ---------------------------|
| | |
| | 172.150.128.1
| ROUTER 'A' (151.0.0.1) | |---------|
| ############# | |Parts DB |
| ---#-----------# | /---------/
| OSPF | # # ISIS | /----------/
------------|# VR - A #|--------------
#-------|---#-|
#############10.0.1/24
|----|------------#-#---------------|-----|
|10.0.0.2/24# # |10.0.0.3/24
|------|-------| # # ---------|-------|
| ############### # |############### |
| # VR - B |# # # VR - C # |
|#-------------# ROUTER 'B'##|------------#----
(152.0.0.2)############### ############### (153.0.0.3)
------------------------- ROUTER 'C' | Extranet
172.150.64/18 V
Vendors
0 7 15 23 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| AFI | Res. | SAFI |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 3 | 13 | 32 | 16 | 64 bits |
+---+-----+---------------------+--------+-----------------+
|001| TLA | NLA ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+---+-----+---------------------+--------+-----------------+
| 16 | 8 | 24 | 16 | 64 bits |
+-+---------+-----+-------------+--------+-----------------+
| 0x3FFE |pTLA | pNLA | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-+---------+-----+-------------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 24-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 24-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA2| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |24-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA3| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
| 16 | 12 | 20 | 16 | 64 bits |
+-+---------+-------+-----------+--------+-----------------+
| 0x3FFE | pTLA | pNLA | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-+---------+-------+-----------+--------+-----------------+
| n | 20-n bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
| m | 20-n-m | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA2| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------+--------+-----------------+
| o |20-n-m-o| 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA3| Site | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------+--------+-----------------+
|<-----20-bit pNLA ID----->|
| |
| 8 | 12 bits | 16 | 64 bits |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
|pNLA1| Site ID | SLA ID | Interface ID |
+-----+--------------------+--------+-----------------+
3FFE:8000:0001/48
6bone _|||| |||| ||||___site
|||| |
b/b site____|||| |
| |
transit________|_|
3FFE:0180:0001/48
6bone _|||| |||| ||||___site
||||
b/b site____||||
||
transit_______||
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Remote ping, traceroute, Actual ping, traceroute, |
| +-----+or Lookup op. +------+or Lookup op. +------+ |
| |Local|---------------->|Remote|---------------->|Target| |
| | Host| | Host | | Host | |
| +-----+ +------+ +------+ |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 13 | 13 | 19 |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
| FP | TLA | Sub-TLA | NLA |
| | ID | | ID |
+----+----------+---------+---------------+
start>-----+
|
+------------------+
| Was desired type | NO +-------------------------+
|found in Accept? |------------>| Is JavaScript available |
+------------------+ |and does it show type? |
| +-------------------------+
YES | | | |
|<---------------------------+ | NO |
| YES | |
| +---<explorer<--+ |
| | |
| +----------------------+ |
| | Is ActiveX available | |
| |and does it show type?| |
| +----------------------+ |
| YES | | | NO |
|<-----------+ | +----------------->|
| V |
remember | Indeterminate. remember |
that |. Take default that type |
type IS | action. is NOT |
supported| supported |
X done X
1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901 23456789
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|< 1 >< 2| >< 3 ><|.4 >< 5.|>< 6 ><.|7 >< 8 >|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
<===> 8th character
<====> 7th character
<===> 6th character
<====> 5th character
<====> 4th character
<===> 3rd character
<====> 2nd character
<===> 1st character
key1 key2 key3
| | |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+->| DES-e |->| DES-d |->| DES-e |-- +
| +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| v
INPUT --(-------------------------------->(+)+---> DATA
| |
+------------------------------------+
key1 key2 key3
| | |
v v v
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+->| DES-e |->| DES-d |->| DES-e |-- +
| +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
+------------------------------------+
v
INPUT ------------------------------------->(+) ----> DATA
key --->+------+
+->| CAST |--+
| +------+ |
+------------+
v
INPUT --------->(+) ----> DATA
key --->+------+
+->| CAST |--+
| +------+ |
| v
INPUT --(---------->(+)+---> DATA
| |
+--------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| Customer Network Management Station |
| (SNMP based) |
+-------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | |
UNI | NNI | NNI | UNI
| ^ | ^ | ^
| +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
Originating | | FR | | | FR | | | FR | |Terminating
+--------+ | | Network I | | | Network J | | | Network K | | +--------+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |---| |---| |---| |---| User B |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+--------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +-----------+ | +--------+
| | | |
| | | |
| PVC Segment 1 | PVC Segment 2 | PVC Segment 3 |
|<------------->|<------------->|<------------->|
| |
| Multi-network PVC |
|<--------------------------------------------->|
| NNI = Network-to Network Interface |
UNI = User-to-Network Interface
In _____________________________ Out
>>>>>>| |>>>>>>>>
______| Frame Relay Network |________
Out | | In
<<<<<<|_____________________________|<<<<<<<<
Frame Relay Frame Relay
PVC PVC
Endpoint Endpoint
Frame Relay Frame Relay
Network Network
Low Port High Port
__________________________________
| |
_____| >> from low to high PVC flow >> |_____
| << from high to low PVC flow << |
|__________________________________|
+-----------------------------------+
+---------+ | FR/ATM PVC Service IWF |
| Frame | | ------------------------------ | +-----------+
| Relay | +--------> frAtmIwfConnIndex K <--------+ | ATM |
|Endpoint | | | V | | | Endpoint |
| ------- | | | | | | | --------- |
| DLCI X | | | +------------+ | | |VPI.VCI Q.R|
| on |<-+ | | | +->| on |
|ifIndex Y| | V | | ifIndex S |
+---------+ |frAtmIwfConnectionDescriptorIndex L| +-----------+
+-----------------------------------+
_____________ _____________
| SCTP User | | SCTP User |
| Application | | Application |
|-------------| |-------------|
| SCTP | | SCTP |
| Transport | | Transport |
| Service | | Service |
|-------------| |-------------|
| |One or more ---- One or more| |
| IP Network |IP address \/ IP address| IP Network |
| Service |appearances /\ appearances| Service |
|_____________| ---- |_____________|
-----------------------------------------------------
_____________ ____________________
| | | Sequenced delivery |
| Association | | within streams |
| | |____________________|
| startup |
| | ____________________________
| and | | User Data Fragmentation |
| | |____________________________|
| takedown |
| | ____________________________
| | | Acknowledgement |
| | | and |
| | | Congestion Avoidance |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ____________________________
| | | Chunk Bundling |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Packet Validation |
| | |________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Path Management |
|_____________| |________________________________|
----------
| TSN=17 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=15 |
----------
| TSN=14 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=12 |
----------
| TSN=11 |
----------
| TSN=10 |
----------
----- -------- (frm any state)
/ \ / rcv ABORT [ABORT]
rcv INIT | | | ---------- or ----------
--------------- | v v delete TCB snd ABORT
generate Cookie \ +---------+ delete TCB
snd INIT ACK ---| CLOSED |
+---------+
/ \ [ASSOCIATE]
/ \ ---------------
| | create TCB
| | snd INIT
| | strt init timer
rcv valid | |
COOKIE ECHO | v
(1) ---------------- | +------------+
create TCB | | COOKIE-WAIT| (2)
snd COOKIE ACK | +------------+
| |
| | rcv INIT ACK
| | -----------------
| | snd COOKIE ECHO
| | stop init timer
| | strt cookie timer
| v
| +--------------+
| | COOKIE-ECHOED| (3)
| +--------------+
| |
| | rcv COOKIE ACK
| | -----------------
| | stop cookie timer
v v
+---------------+
| ESTABLISHED |
+---------------+
| | (D)rcv SHUTDOWN ACK
| |--------------
| | stop shutdown timer
| | send SHUTDOWN COMPLETE
| | delete TCB
| |
\ +---------+ /
\-->| CLOSED |<--/
+---------+
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A,
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z,
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z, & other info]
(destroy temp TCB)
COOKIE ECHO [Cookie_Z] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (build TCB enter ESTABLISHED
state)
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init
TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
...
{app sends 2 messages;strm 0}
/---- DATA
/ [TSN=init TSN_Z
<--/ Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data 1]
SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_Z, /---- DATA
Block=0] --------\ / [TSN=init TSN_Z +1,
\/ Strm=0,Seq=2 & user data 2]
<------/\
\
\------>
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
<-------------- Association is established---------------------->
Tag=Tag_A Tag=Tag_Z
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
{A crashes and restarts}
{app sets up a association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A'
& other info] --------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (find a existing TCB
compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z
with Tie-Tags to previous
association)
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A',
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z',
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z[TieTags=
Tag_A,Tag_Z
& other info]
(destroy temp TCB,leave original
in place)
COOKIE ECHO [Veri=Tag_Z',
Cookie_Z
Tie=Tag_A,
Tag_Z]----------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (Find existing association,
Tie-Tags match old tags,
Tags do not match i.e.
case X X M M above,
Announce Restart to ULP
and reset association).
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ------------> (send ack)
/------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,block=0]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <-----/
DATA [TSN=9,Strm=0,Seq=5] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
...
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle SACK with DATA)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=9,block=0] \
/ DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/ (Start T3-rtx timer)
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{App begins to send}
Data [TSN=7,Strm=0,Seq=3] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle ack with data)
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ----\ /-- SACK [TSN Ack=7,Block=0]
\ / DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
\ / (Start T3-rtx timer)
\
/ \
(Re-start T3-rtx timer) <------/ \--> (ack delayed)
(ack delayed)
{send ack}
SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=0] --------------> (Cancel T3-rtx timer)
..
(send ack)
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <-------------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,Block=0]
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ---------------> (gap detected,
immediately send ack)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=1,
/ Strt=2,End=2]
<-----/
(remove 6 from out-queue,
and mark 7 as "1" missing report)
\ | / .
+---------------+ WAN . +------------------------------+
|Regional Router|-----------------|Stub Router w/NAT and SNMP ALG|
+---------------+ . +------------------------------+
| . |
| . | LAN
+----------+ . ---------------
| Manager | Stub border Managed network
+----------+
Result
+----------+
| |
| V
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
Incoming | | | | | | Outgoing
Packet ==>| RAS |==>| Meter |==>| Marker |==>Packet
Stream | | | | | | Stream
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
^
Shaping rate |
|
|
MIR | =========
| //
| //
EAR(t) |----------------//
| //
| //
CIR |============
|
|
|
|------------+---------+----------------------->
CIR_th MIR_th Buffer occupancy
^
Shaping rate |
|
MIR | ======
| ///
| ///
PIR | ///
| //
| //
EAR(t) |----------------//
| //
| //
CIR |============
|
|
|
|------------+---------+--------+-------------------->
CIR_th PIR_th MIR_th Buffer occupancy
Status Result
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
V | | V
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
Incoming | green | | | | | Outgoing
Packet ==>| RAS |==>| Meter |==>| Marker |==>Packet
Stream | | | | | | Stream
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
2.5 msec, 34 Mbps 2.5 msec, 34 Mbps
<--------------> <-------------->
\+---+ +---+/
-| C1|--------------+ +--------------|C1'|-
/+---+ | | +---+\
\+---+ | | +---+/
-| C2|------------+ | | +------------|C2'|-
/+---+ | | | | +---+\
\+---+ | | | | +---+/
-| C3|----------+ | | | | +----------|C3'|-
/+---+ | | | | | | +---+\
\+---+ | | | | | | +---+/
-| C4|--------+ +-+----------+ +----------+-+ +--------|C4'|-
/+---+ | | | | | | +---+\
\+---+ +---| | | |---+ +---+/
-| C5|------------| ER1 |-----| ER2 |------------|C5'|-
/+---+ +---| | | |---+ +---+\
\+---+ | | | | | | +---+/
-| C6|--------+ +----------+ +----------+ +--------|C6'|-
/+---+ |||| |||| +---+\
\+---+ |||| <-------> |||| +---+/
-| C7|------------+||| 70 Mbps |||+------------|C7'|-
/+---+ ||| 10 msec ||| +---+\
\+---+ ||| ||| +---+/
-| C8|-------------+|| ||+-------------|C8'|-
/+---+ || || +---+\
\+---+ || || +---+/
-| C9|--------------+| |+--------------|C9'|-
/+---+ | | +---+\
\+---+ | | +----+/
-|C10|---------------+ +---------------|C10'|-
/+---+ +----+\
Figure A.1. the simulation model.
+---------+ @
+ ->| | -+-
/|Protocol| | |
/ | / +---------+ / \
/ | "B"
+ | /
| |<-
+-------+ | |
O | | | |
-+- | |<--------->| |
| | | Protocol | |
/ \ | | "A" | |<-
+-------+ | |Protocol
| | \
+ | "A" +---------+ @
\ | \ | | -+-
\ | ->| | |
\| +---------+ / \
+
+-------------------------------------+
|+====+ |
HTTP <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> Whois++
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
SMTP <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> LDAPv2
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
Whois++<-->+| |<------+ (Chain LDAPv2/3) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | +----+|
| | Referral-->| ||
| | Result <--| |+<--> LDAPv3
| | +----+|
|+====+ | |
LDAPv2 <-->+| |<------+ (Full chaining) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | |
|+====+ | |
LDAPv3 <-->+| |<------+ (Chain Whois++) |
|| | | |
|+====+ | |
| | |
| v |
| +-----------------------+ |
| | Referral Index |<---------------> Common
| | | | Indexing Protocol
| +-----------------------+ | (CIP)
+-------------------------------------+
+-----------------+
(1) |-----+ Country A | +-------+
------>|Prot1| DAG | |A-WSDP1|
<------| CAP | +-----| | Prot1 |
(2) |-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
----+ | +-----| +-------+
(3)| | +-------+ | |A-WDSP2|
| | | RI-A | | | Prot1 |
| +-----------------+ +-------+
|
| +-------+
| |A-WDSP3|
| | Prot2 |
+----------------+ +-------+
| [...]
|
| +-----------------+
| |-----+ Country B | +-------+
+-------->|Prot1| DAG | |B-WSDP1|
| CAP | +-----| | Prot2 |
|-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
| +-----| +-------+
| +-------+ | |B-WDSP2|
| | RI-B | | | Prot1 |
+-----------------+ +-------+
[...]
+-----------------+
(1) |-----+ Country A | +-------+
------>|Prot1| DAG | |A-WSDP1|
<------| CAP | +-----| | Prot1 |
(2) |-----+ |Prot1| +-------+
| | SAP |
----+ | +-----| +-------+
(3)| | +-------+ | |A-WDSP2|
| | | RI-A | | | Prot1 |
| +-----------------+ +-------+
|
| +-------+
| |A-WDSP3|
| | Prot2 |
+----------------+ +-------+
| [...]
|
| +-----------------+
| |-----+ Country B | +-------+
| |Prot3| DAG | |B-WSDP1|
| | CAP | +-----| | Prot3 |
| |-----+ |Prot3| +-------+
| |---------+ | SAP |
| |Country A| +-----|
+-------->|CAP:Prot1| |
|---------+ | +-------+
| +-------+ | |B-WDSP2|
| | RI-B | | | Prot3 |
+-----------------+ +-------+
[...]
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
| | SAP B <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
| | SAP B <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "C"
|---------+ | SAP C <-------------->
"b" | | | | |
<-----> CAP b | +--------+ |
| | |
|---------+ +--------+ |
| | SAP D | |
| | | |
| +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| | Server j | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| +--------+ | "E"
| | SAP E <-------------->
| | | |
| +--------+ |
+-------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
"a" | | +--------+ |
<-----> CAP a | | SAP A | |
| | | | |
|---------+ +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| "DAG/IP" | Server i | |
| +----------+ |
| |
| |
| +--------+ | "B"
|---------+ | SAP B <-------------->
"b" | | | | |
<-----> CAP b | +--------+ |
| | |
|---------+ +--------+ |
| | SAP C | |
| | | |
| +-+------+---+ |
| |(Internal)| |
| | Server j | |
| +----------+ |
+-------------------------------------------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | +-------------------+ | |
| +---+--+ | | +------+ |
| | | | |
| | | +----------------------+
+------+ | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | C = client
| C |- -|- -| A | | A = attendant
| | | | | | AAAL = local authority
+------+ | +------+ | AAAH = home authority
| |
+--------------+
+------+ +------+
| | | |
| AAAL +--------------+ AAAH |
| | | |
+---+--+ +--+---+
| |
| |
+---+--+ +--+---+
C = client | | | |
A = attendant | A | | C |
AAAL = local authority | | | |
AAAH = home authority +------+ +------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | +-------------------+ | |
| +---+--+ | | +--+---+ |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+------+ | +---+--+ | | +--+---+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| MN +- -|- -+ FA + -- -- -- -- - + HA | |
| | | | | | | | | |
+------+ | +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | |
+--------------+ +----------------------+
+-------------------------+ +--------------+
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | HA +----+ AAAL | | | | AAAH | |
| | | | +-------------------+ | |
| +-+----+ +---+--+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | Home Domain |
| | +- - - - - + | +--------------+
+------+ | +-+--+-+ |
| | | | | |
| MN +------+ FA | |
| | | | | Local Domain |
+------+ | +------+ |
+-------------------------+
+-------------------------+
| +------+ +------+ |
| | | | | |
| | HA +----+ AAAL | |
| | | | | |
| +--+---+ +----+-+ |
| | | |
| +- - - - - + | |
+------+ | +-+--+-+ |
| | | | | |
| MN +- -|- - - - - - - + FA | |
| | | Local Domain | | |
+------+ | +------+ |
+-------------------------+
Local Domain Home Domain
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +------+ | +------+ | +------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | AAAL +-------+ AAAB +--------+ AAAH | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +------+ | +------+ | +------+ |
| | | | |
| | | +----------------------+
+------+ | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | C = client
| C +- -|- -+ A | | A = attendant
| | | | | | AAAL = local authority
+------+ | +------+ | AAAH = home authority
| | AAAB = broker authority
+--------------+
+--------- [2 - Outer] -->>
/
/
>>---- [1 - Before] -------- Encapsulate ------ [3 - Inner] -->>
>>----[5 - Outer]-------------+
\
\
>>----[4 - Inner] --------- Decapsulate ---- [6 - After] -->>
| |
+-----|-------------------|------+
/ | | \
>>-----------I-------|-------------------|--------E---------->>
| |
Ingress DS Domain RFC 791 Egress DS domain
IP Precedence
Domain
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
+-------+-+-----+---+---+-----+-+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789
0123456701234567012345670123456701234567
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
+-------+-+-----+---+---+-----+-+-------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
+---------+---------+---------+---------+
0123456789012345678901234567890123456789
-------- --------
| Host A |-----| Host B |
-------- | --------
-----------------
| |
------ ------
| AD 1 | | AD 2 |
------ ------
\ /
--------
/Internet\
----------
----------------------------------------
| Corporate Network |
| Asia |------| Americas |------| Europe |
------ ---------- --------
| | |
-------- -------- --------
|NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs|
-------- -------- --------
| | |
--------------------------------------------
| Internet |
--------------------------------------------
| | |
-------- -------- --------
|NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs| |NAT/ALGs|
-------- -------- --------
| | |
------------------ -------------- ----------------
Home Telecommuters Branch Offices Partner Networks
------------------ -------------- ----------------
-------- --------
| Host A |-----| Host B |
-------- | --------
--------
|NAT/RSIP|
--------
|
--------
|Internet|
--------
|
---------
| Web |
| Server |
---------
-------- --------
| Host A | | Host B |
| Foo | | Bar |
-------- --------
| |
---- ----
|Rtr1|---X1---|Rtr2|
---- ----
| |
---- ----
|NAT1| |NAT2|
---- ----
| |
--------------
|Rtr Rtr|
| / Internet \ | ---
|Rtr----X2---Rtr|----|DNS|
-------------- ---
| |
| |
-------- --------
| Host C | | Host D |
-------- --------
-------- --------
| Host A | | Host B |
| Foo |-----| Bar |
-------- | -------- ---
|-------------|DNS|
--- ---
|NAT|
---
|
-------- ---
|Internet|----|DNS|
-------- ---
|
---
|NAT|
--- ---
|-------------|DNS|
-------- | -------- ---
| Host C |-----| Host D |
| Foo | | Bar |
-------- --------
--------------- ----------------
| 10.10.10.10 |--------L2TP-------| Assigned by A |
| Host A | --- --- | Host B |
| 10.1.1.1 |--|NAT|-----|NAT|--| 10.10.10.10 |
--------------- --- --- ----------------
+---------------------------+ | +--------------+
|+--------+propr-+---------+| PINT | |(Proxy Server)| PINT
||(ICW SL)|ietary|(UAC/UAS)||--- -||-----| ICW |----+
||SCF/SDF |------| SCGF || firewall |Server System | |
|+--------+ i/f +---------+| | +------------- + |
| SCP | | |
+------+--------------+-----+ | |
|INAP |INAP | firewall=====
| | | |
+---+---+ +---+---+ |
| IP | | SSP | |
+-------+ +---+---+ +-------------+
| +---+ | (UAC/UAS) |
+---+---+ || || | ICW |
|---------| LEX |-------------- + + |Client System|
+---+ +-------+ +++++----+-------------+
|| || (callee)
+ + ICW Subscriber's Phone and PC
+++++
(caller)
+---------+ +-------------+ +---------+
|(UAC/UAS)|PINT 1.0| (Proxy) |PINT 1.0|(UAC/UAS)|
| |--------| ICW |--------| ICW |
| SCGF | | Server | | Client |
+---------+ +-------------+ +---------+
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A | | | | |
0BREG(DN1,IP1)| | | | |
1 |----------->|REG(DN1,IP1)| | | |
2 | |----------->| | | |
| | 2A | | |
| | |reg(DN1,IP1)| | |
3 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | 3A | |
| | | reg ok 3B | |
4 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 200 OK 4A | | |
5 | |<-----------| | | |
| 200 OK 5A | | | |
6 |<-----------| | | | |
6A | | | | |
| | | | | |
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
| | | | setup(DN1,DN2)|
1 | | | | |<+++++++++++|
| | | | 1A |
| | | IDP(T-busy,DN1)| |
2 | | | |<--.--.--.--| |
| | | 2A | |
| | | 2B | |
| | | 2C | |
| | noti(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | |
3 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 3A | | |
| INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | | |
4 | |<-----------| | | |
| 4A | | | |
| | 100 Trying | | | |
5 | |----------->| | | |
INV(DN1,IP1,DN2)| | | | |
6 |<-----------| | | | |
6A | | | | |
| 100 Trying | | | | |
7 |----------->| | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A 200 OK | | | | |
1 |----------->| | | | |
1A | | | | |
1B | 200 OK | | | |
2 | |----------->| | | |
| | ACK 2A | | |
3 | |<-----------| | | |
| | |Accept(DN1,IP1,DN2) | |
4 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | |Connect(DN1,DN2) |
5 | | | |--.--.--.-->| |
| | | Setup(DN1,DN2)| |
6 |<++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++| |
|<==============================6A==============================>|
| | | | ERB | |
7 | | | |<--.--.--.--| |
| | | ok | | |
8 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 8A | | |
| | BYE | | | |
9 | |<-----------| | | |
| 9A | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling Another
ICW Client party Phone
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2) (DN3)
| | | | | | |
0A | | | | | |
|303 SeeOther | | | | |
1 |--------->| | | | | |
1A ACK | | | | | |
2 |<---------|303 SeeOther | | | |
3 | |--------->| | | | |
| | ACK 3A | | | |
4 | |<---------|Connect(DN2,DN3) | | |
5 | | |-.-.-.-.->| | | |
| | | |Connect(DN2,DN3) | |
6 | | | |.--.--.-->| | |
| | | | |Setup(DN2,DN3) |
7 | | | | ++++++++++++++++++++>|
8 | | | | ERB | |<===5A==>|
| | | |<--.--.--.| | |
| | | ok | | | |
9 | | |<-.-.-.-.-| | | |
| | BYE 9A | | | |
10 | |<---------| | | | |
| BYE 10A | | | | |
11 |<---------| | | | | |
11A | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
ICW Subscriber ICW Server SCGF SCF/SDF SSF/CCF Calling
ICW Client party
(DN1/IP1) (IP2) (IP3) (DN2)
| | | | | |
0A | | | | |
| 0B | | | |
| |Unreg(DN1,IP1) | | |
1 | |----------->| | | |
| | 1A | | |
| | |Unreg(DN1,IP1) | |
2 | | |-.-.-.-.-.->| | |
| | | 2A | |
| | | ok 2B | |
3 | | |<-.-.-.-.-.-| | |
| | 3A | | |
| | 200 OK | | | |
4 | |<-----------| | | |
| 4A | | | |
| | | | | |
-----> PINT Protocol -.-.-> SCP Internal API
--.--> INAP Protocol +++++> ISUP Protocol
=====> Bearer
+------------+
| Compact | +-------------+
| Service | | Service |
+-----| Node (CSN) | | Management |
| | OCC Server | | System (SMS)|
| | OCC CSN SPA| +-------------+
| +-------:--|-+ |
| | +-------------[ IP INTRANET ]---------+
===== firewall : |
| | |
| +-------+ +-------+
| |Central|-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-..-|Service|
| +-%-|Office |-..-..-: |Control|
| | +---|---+ | |Point |
| % | : | (SCP) |
| | +--|---+ +-------+ +----------+ |OCC SCP|
| % | PC | | VoIP | | VoIP | | SPA |
| | |OCC Cl| |Gateway| |Gatekeeper| +-------+
| % +------+ +---|---+ +-----|----+
| | ===== firewall =====
| % | |
| | +---------------|---+ |
| +-%-| |----------+
+----------| I N T E R N E T |
| |
+-------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
|DN | PIN | IP Address | Session Key | CNF | Language ID|
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+ INAP +-----+ SIP +--------------------------+
| CSN node |--------| SCG |-------| NS (SIP Redirect Server) |
+-----------+ +-----+ +--------------------------+
+------+ INAP +-----+ SIP +----------------+ SIP +----------+
| CSN |------| SCG |-----| NS |-----| Service |
| node | | | |(redirect/proxy)| |(redirect)|
+------+ +-----+ +----------------+ +----------+
________ ______________ ________
/ \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \
|---| | |---| |---| |---| |---| | |---|
|Tx |-| |ER1|---|BR1| |BR2|---|ER2| |-|Rx |
|---| | |-- | |---| |---| |---| | |---|
\ / \ / \ /
\________/ \______________/ \________/
Non-Diffserv region 2
________
/ \
| | |---|
________ _____________ | |-|Rx1|
/ \ / |--\ |---| | |---|
/ \ / /|BR2\-----\ER2| /
|---| | |---| |---| |--|/ |---| \--|____/
|Tx |-| |ER1|---|BR1|--|RR| | ________
|---| | |-- | |---| |--|\ |---| /--| \
\ / \ \|BR3/-----|ER3| | |---|
\________/ \__________|--/ |---| |-|Rx2|
| | |---|
Non-Diffserv region 1 Diffserv region \ /
\______/