Visited Realm Home Realm
+-----------+ +-----------+
|example.net| AMR/AMA |example.org|
| AAAF |<------------------->| AAAH |
+->| server | server-server | server |
| +-----------+ communication +-----------+
| ^ ^
| AMR/AMA | client-server | HAR/HAA
| | communication |
v v v
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
| Foreign | | Foreign | | Home |
| Agent | | Agent | | Agent |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
^
| Mobile IP
|
v
+--------+
| Mobile |
| Node | mn@example.org
+--------+
STR, Session-Id = foo STR, Session-Id = bar
---------------------> <--------------------
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| FA | | AAAF | | AAAH | | HA |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
<--------------------- --------------------->
STA, Session-Id = foo STA, Session-Id = bar
DCC (Sub-)Session
|
+------------+-----------+-------------+--------------- +
| | | | |
Service-Id a Service-Id b Service-Id c Service-Id d.....Service-Id z
\ / \ / /
\ / \ / /
\ / Rating-Group 1.......Rating-Group n
\ / | |
Quota ---------------Quota Quota
| / |
| / |
Credit-Pool Credit-Pool
Diameter
End User Service Element AAA Server CC Server
(CC Client)
| Registration | AA request/answer(accounting,cc or both)|
|<----------------->|<------------------>| |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| Service Request | | |
|------------------>| | |
| | CCR(Initial,Credit-Control AVPs) |
| +|---------------------------------------->|
| CC stream|| | CCA(Granted-Units)|
| +|<----------------------------------------|
| Service Delivery | | |
|<----------------->| ACR(start,Accounting AVPs) |
| : |------------------->|+ |
| : | ACA || Accounting stream |
| |<-------------------|+ |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| | CCR(Update,Used-Units) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | | CCA(Granted-Units)|
| |<----------------------------------------|
| : | | |
| : | | |
| End of Service | | |
|------------------>| CCR(Termination, Used-Units) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | | CCA |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | ACR(stop) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | ACA | |
| |<-------------------| |
Service Element Diameter
End User (CC Client) AAA Server CC Server
| Service Request | AA Request (CC AVPs) |
|------------------>|------------------->| |
| | | CCR(Initial, CC AVPs)
| | |------------------->|
| | | CCA(Granted-Units)
| | |<-------------------|
| | AA Answer(Granted-Units) |
| Service Delivery |<-------------------| |
|<----------------->| | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| | | |
| | CCR(Update,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->| CCR(Update,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | | CCA(Granted-Units)|
| | CCA(Granted-Units)|<-------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| End of Service | | |
|------------------>| CCR(Termination,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->| CCR(Term.,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | | CCA |
| | CCA |<-------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
Service Element AAA Server CC Server
End User (CC Client)
| Service Delivery | | |
|<----------------->| | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| | | |
| | CCR(Update,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->| CCR(Update,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | CCA(Final-Unit, Terminate)
| CCA(Final-Unit, Terminate)|<-------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| Disconnect user | | |
|<------------------| CCR(Termination,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->| CCR(Term.,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | | CCA |
| | CCA |<-------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
| | STR | |
| |------------------->| |
| | STA | |
| |<-------------------| |
Diameter
End User Service Element AAA Server CC Server
(CC Client)
| Service Delivery | | |
|<----------------->| | |
| |CCR(Update,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->|CCR(Update,Used-Units)
| : | |------------------->|
| : | |CCA(Final-Unit,Action)
| : | |<-------------------|
| |CCA(Final-Unit,Action) |
| |<-------------------| |
| | | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| /////////////// |CCR(Update,Used-Units) |
|/Final Units End/->|------------------->|CCR(Update,Used-Units)
|/Action and // | |------------------->|
|/Restrictions // | | CCA(Validity-Time)|
|/Start // | CCA(Validity-Time)|<-------------------|
| ///////////// |<-------------------| |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| Replenish Account +-------+ |
|<-------------------------------------------->|Account| |
| | | +-------+ |
| | | RAR |
| + | RAR |<===================|
| | |<===================| |
| | | RAA | |
| ///////////// | |===================>| RAA |
| /If supported / | | CCR(Update) |===================>|
| /by CC Server/ | |===================>| CCR(Update) |
| ///////////// | | |===================>|
| | | | CCA(Granted-Unit)|
| | | CCA(Granted-Unit)|<===================|
| Restrictions ->+ |<===================| |
| removed | | |
| : | | |
| OR | CCR(Update) | |
| Validity-Time ->|------------------->| CCR(Update) |
| expires | |------------------->|
| | | CCA(Granted-Unit)|
| | CCA(Granted-Unit)|<-------------------|
| Restrictions ->|<-------------------| |
| removed | | |
Diameter
End User Service Element AAA Server CC Server
(CC Client)
| Service Request | | |
|------------------>| | |
| | CCR(Event) | |
| |------------------->| CCR(Event) |
| | |------------------->|
| | | CCA(Granted-Units)|
| | CCA(Granted-Units)|<-------------------|
| Service Delivery |<-------------------| |
|<----------------->| | |
Service Element Translation Agent
(e.g., NAS) (CC Client) CC Server
| Access-Request | |
|----------------------->| |
| | CCR (initial) |
| |----------------------->|
| | CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<-----------------------|
| Access-Accept | |
| (Granted-Units) | |
|<-----------------------| |
: : :
| Access-Request | |
| (Used-Units) | |
|----------------------->| |
| | CCR (update, |
| | Used-Units) |
| |----------------------->|
| | CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<-----------------------|
| Access-Accept | |
| (Granted-Units) | |
|<-----------------------| |
: : :
| Access-Request | |
|----------------------->| |
| | CCR (terminate, |
| | Used-Units) |
| |----------------------->|
| | CCA |
| |<-----------------------|
| Access-Accept | |
|<-----------------------| |
| | |
NAS
End User (CC Client) AAA Server CC Server
|(1)User Logon |(2)AA Request (CC AVPs) |
|------------------>|------------------->| |
| | |(3)CCR(initial, CC AVPs)
| | |------------------->|
| | | (4)CCA(Granted-Units)
| | |<-------------------|
| |(5)AA Answer(Granted-Units) |
|(6)Access granted |<-------------------| |
|<----------------->| | |
| | | |
: : : :
| |(7)CCR(update,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->|(8)CCR |
| | | (update,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | |(9)CCA(Granted-Units)
| |(10)CCA(Granted-Units)<------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
: : : :
| (Auth. lifetime expires) | |
| |(11) AAR (CC AVP) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | (12) AAA | |
| |<-------------------| |
: : : :
: : : :
|(13) User logoff | | |
|------------------>|(14)CCR(term.,Used-Units) |
| |------------------->|(15)CCR |
| | | (term.,Used-Units)
| | |------------------->|
| | | (16)CCA |
| | (17)CCA |<-------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
| |(18)STR | |
| |------------------->| |
| | (19)STA | |
| |<-------------------| |
SIP Proxy/Registrar AAA
A (CC Client) Server B CC Server
|(i) REGISTER | | | |
|------------->|(ii) | | |
| |------------->| | |
| |authentication & | |
| |authorization | | |
| |<-------------| | |
|(iii)200 OK | | |
|<-------------| | |
: : : :
|(1) INVITE | :
|------------->|
| |(2) CCR (Initial, SIP specific AVP) |
| |------------------------------------------->|
| |(3) CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<-------------------------------------------|
| |(4) INVITE | |
| |---------------------------->| |
: : : :
| |(5) CCR (update, Used-Units) |
| |------------------------------------------->|
| |(6) CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<-------------------------------------------|
: : : :
|(7) BYE | | |
|------------->| | |
| |(8) BYE | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| |(9) CCR (termination, Used-Units) |
| |------------------------------------------->|
| |(10) CCA () |
| |<-------------------------------------------|
| | | |
MMS Server
A (CC Client) B CC Server
|(1) Send MMS | | |
|--------------->| | |
| |(2) CCR (event, DIRECT_DEBITING,|
| | MMS specific AVP) |
| |-------------------------------->|
| |(3) CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<--------------------------------|
|(4) Send MMS Ack| | |
|<---------------| | |
| |(5) Notify MMS | |
| |--------------->| |
: : : :
| |(6) Retrieve MMS| |
| |<---------------| |
| |(7) Retrieve MMS| |
| | Ack | |
| |--------------->| |
| | | |
MMS Server
Content Server (CC Client) B CC Server
|(1) Send MMS | | |
|--------------->| | |
| |(2) CCR (event, CHECK_BALANCE, |
| | MMS specific AVP) |
| |-------------------------------->|
| |(3) CCA (ENOUGH_CREDIT) |
| |<--------------------------------|
|(4) Send MMS Ack| | |
|<---------------| | |
| |(5) Notify MMS | |
| |--------------->| |
: : : :
| |(6) Retrieve MMS| |
| |<---------------| |
| |(7) CCR (event, DIRECT_DEBITING,|
| | MMS specific AVP) |
| |-------------------------------->|
| |(8) CCA (Granted-Units) |
| |<--------------------------------|
| |(9) Retrieve MMS| |
| | Ack | |
| |--------------->| |
| | | |
SIP Controller
A (CC Client) B CC Server
|(1)INVITE B(SDP)| | |
|--------------->| | |
| |(2) CCR (event, PRICE_ENQUIRY, |
| | SIP specific AVPs) |
| |-------------------------------->|
| |(3) CCA (Cost-Information) |
| |<--------------------------------|
| (4)MESSAGE(URL)| | |
|<---------------| | |
|(5)HTTP GET | | |
|--------------->| | |
|(6)HTTP POST | | |
|--------------->|(7)INVITE(SDP) | |
| |--------------->| |
| | (8)200 OK | |
| (9)200 OK |<---------------| |
|<---------------| | |
Gaming Server
End User (CC Client) CC Server
| (1)Service Delivery | |
|<---------------------->| |
: : :
: : :
| |(2)CCR(event,REFUND,Requested-
| |Service-Unit,Service-Parameter-Info)
| |----------------------->|
| | (3)CCA(Cost-Information)
| |<-----------------------|
| (4)Notification | |
|<-----------------------| |
SIP Controller Top-Up
A (CC Client) Server B CC Server
| | | | |
| | (1) CCR(Update,Used-Unit) | |
| |------------------------------------------>|
| | (2) CCA(Final-Unit, Redirect)|
| |<------------------------------------------|
: : : : :
: : : : :
| | (3) CCR(Update, Used-Units)| |
| |------------------------------------------>|
| | (3a)INVITE("hold") | |
| |--------------------------->| |
| | | (4) CCA(Validity-Time)|
| |<------------------------------------------|
| (5)INVITE | (6)INVITE | | |
|<--------------|------------->| | |
| (7)RTP | | |
|..............................| | |
| | (8)BYE | | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | (9)CCR(Update) | |
| |------------------------------------------>|
| | (10)CCA(Granted-Unit) |
| |<------------------------------------------|
| (12)INVITE | (11)INVITE | |
|<--------------|--------------------------->| |
NAS Top-up CC
End-User (CC Client) AAA Server Server Server
|(1)User Logon |(2)AA Request (CC AVPs) | |
|------------------>|------------------->| | |
| | |(3)CCR(initial, CC AVPs)
| | |------------------->|
| | |(4)CCA(Final-Unit, |
| | | Validity-Time)|
| | |<-------------------|
| |(5)AA Answer(Final-Unit,Validity-Time) |
|(6)Limited Access |<-------------------| | |
| granted | | | |
|<----------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| (7)TCP/HTTP | (8)TCP/HTTP | |
|<----------------->|<----------------------------->| |
| (9) Replenish account | |
|<------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | (10)RAR |
| |<-------------------|<-------------------|
| | (11) RAA | |
| |------------------->|------------------->|
| |(12)CCR(update) | |
| |------------------->|(13)CCR(Update) |
| | |------------------->|
| | |(14)CCA(Granted-Units)
| |(15)CCA(Granted-Units)<------------------|
| |<-------------------| |
End User Service Element CC Server
(CC client)
|(1)User logon | |
|------------------>|(2)CCR(initial, Service-Id access, |
| | Access specific AVPs, |
| | Multiple-Service-Indicator) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(3)CCA(Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Granted-Units(Total-Octets), |
| | Service-Id access, |
| | Validity-time, |
| | G-S-U-Pool-Reference(Pool-Id 1, |
| | Multiplier 10))) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
: : :
|(4)Service-Request (Service 1) |
|------------------>|(5)CCR(update, Multiple-Services-CC( |
| | Requested-Units(), Service-Id 1, |
| | Rating-Group 1)) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(6)CCA(Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Granted-Units(Time), |
| | Rating-Group 1, |
| | G-S-U-Pool-Reference(Pool-Id 1, |
| | Multiplier 1))) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
: : :
|(7)Service-Request (Service 2) |
|------------------>| |
: : :
: : :
|(8)Service-Request (Service 3&4) |
|------------------>|(9)CCR(update, Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Requested-Units(), Service-Id 3, |
| | Rating-Group 2), |
| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Requested-Units(), Service-Id 4, |
| | Rating-Group 3)) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(10)CCA(Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Granted-Units(Total-Octets), |
| | Service-Id 3, Rating-Group 2, |
| | Validity-time, |
| | G-S-U-Pool-Reference(Pool-Id 2, |
| | Multiplier 2)), |
| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Granted-Units(Total-Octets), |
| | Service-Id 4, Rating-Group 3 |
| | Validity-Time, |
| | Final-Unit-Ind.(Terminate), |
| | G-S-U-Pool-Reference(Pool-Id 2, |
| | Multiplier 5))) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
: : :
: : :
| +--------------+ | |
| |Validity time | |(11)CCR(update, |
| |expires for | | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| |Service-Id | | Requested-Unit(), |
| | access | | Used-Units(In-Octets,Out-Octets),|
| +--------------+ | Service-Id access)) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(12)CCA(Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Granted-Units(Total-Octets), |
| | Service-Id access, |
| | Validity-Time, |
| | G-S-U-Pool-Reference(Pool-Id 1, |
| | Multiplier 10))) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
: : :
: : :
| +--------------+ | |
| |Total Quota | |(13)CCR(update, |
| |elapses for | | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| |pool 2: | | Requested-Unit(), |
| |service 4 not | | Used-Units(In-Octets,Out-Octets),|
| |allowed, | | Service-Id 3, Rating-group 2), |
| |service 3 cont| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| +--------------+ | Used-Units(In-Octets,Out-Octets),|
| | Service-Id 4, Rating-Group 3)) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(14)CCA(Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Result-Code 4011, |
| | Service-Id 3)) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
: : :
: : :
|(15) User logoff | |
|------------------>|(16)CCR(term, |
| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Used-Units(In-Octets,Out-Octets),|
| | Service-Id access), |
| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Used-Units(Time), |
| | Service-Id 1, Rating-Group 1), |
| | Multiple-Services-CC ( |
| | Used-Units(Time), |
| | Service-Id 2, Rating-Group 1)) |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| |(17)CCA(term) |
| |<----------------------------------------|
---------------------------------------------------------------
| a node |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| /--link1--\ /--------link2--------\ /--link3--\ /--link4--\ |
| |
| /--intf1--\ /--intf2--\ /--intf3--\ /--intf4--\ /--intf5--\ |
---------------------------------------------------------------
: | | | |
: | | | |
: | | | |
(imaginary ================= a point- a
loopback an Ethernet to-point tunnel
link) link
---------------------------------------------------------------
| a node |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| /--link1--\ /--link2--\ /--link3--\ /--link4--\ /--link5--\ |
| |
| /--intf1--\ /--intf2--\ /--intf3--\ /--intf4--\ /--intf5--\ |
---------------------------------------------------------------
: | | | |
: | | | |
: | | | |
(imaginary ================= a point- a
loopback an Ethernet to-point tunnel
link) link
---------------------------------------------------------------
| a node |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| /--------------------site1--------------------\ /--site2--\ |
| |
| /-------------------admin1--------------------\ /-admin2--\ |
| |
| /--link1--\ /--------link2--------\ /--link3--\ /--link4--\ |
| |
| /--intf1--\ /--intf2--\ /--intf3--\ /--intf4--\ /--intf5--\ |
---------------------------------------------------------------
: | | | |
: | | | |
: | | | |
(imaginary ================= a point- a
loopback an Ethernet to-point tunnel
link) link
* *
* *
* =========== Organization X *
* | | *
* | | *
+-*----|-------|------+ *
| * intf1 intf2 | *
| * | *
| * intf3 --- *
| * | *
| ***********************************
| |
| Router |
| |
********************** **********************
| * * |
Org. Y --- intf4 * * intf5 --- Org. Z
| * * |
********************** **********************
+---------------------+
Interface
|
|
|
Address map
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------
| |
| |
| |
Address Bind Port Bind
| |
| |
| |
----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
NAT Session
-----------------------------------------------------
| |
| Managed System |
| |
| |
| ------------------ Managed Elements |
| | | interfaces |
| | Policy Manager | manages... circuits |
| | | queues |
| ------------------ processes |
| ... |
| |
-----------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
| Managed System |
-------------------------- | Managed Elements |
| | | interfaces |
| Management Station or | | circuits |
| Mid-Level Manager | | ... |
| | --------------------------
| ------------------ | manages...
| | Policy Manager | | --------------------------
| ------------------ | | Managed System |
| | | Managed Elements |
-------------------------- | interfaces |
| circuits |
| ... |
--------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
| Policy Manager |
| |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| | Agent | |
| | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| | | Policy Download and Control | | |
| | | pmPolicyTable | | |
| | | pmElementTypeRegTable | | |
| | | pmSchedTable | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| | | Policy Environment Control | | |
| | | pmRoleTable | | |
| | | pmCapabilitiesTables | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| | | Policy Monitoring | | |
| | | pmTrackingTables | | |
| | | pmDebuggingTable | | |
| | --------------------------------- | |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| |
| -------------------------------- |
| | Execution Environment | |
| | | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| | | Policy Scheduler | | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| | | Language | | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| | | Function Library | | |
| | ----------------------- | |
| -------------------------------- |
-------------------------------------------------------
SubOpt Len RADIUS attributes
code
+-------+-----+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+
| 7 | N | o1 | o2 | o3 | o4 | | oN |
+-------+-----+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+
+---------------------------------+
| iSCSI Client |
| +-----------+ |
| | iSCSI | |
| | initiator | |
| | "myhost" | |
| +-----------+ |
| |
+--------------------------+------+
| iSCSI Driver | UA |
+--------------------------+------+
| TCP/UDP/IP |
+----------------+----------------+
| Interface 1 | Interface 2 |
+----------------+----------------+
| |
+------------+ | | +------------+
| SLP DA | | | | SLP DA |
| (optional) |----+ IP Networks +----| (optional) |
+------------+ | | +------------+
| |
+-----------------+-----------------|
| Interface 1 | Interface 2 |
| 192.0.2.131 | 192.0.2.3 |
+-----------------+-----------------+
| TCP/UDP/IP |
+---------------------------+-------+
| iSCSI Driver | SA |
+---------------------------+-------|
| |
| +--------+ +--------+ +---------+ |
| | iSCSI | | iSCSI | | iSCSI | |
| | target | | target | | target | |
| | "one" | | "two" | | "three" | |
| +--------+ +--------+ +---------+ |
| iSCSI Server |
+-----------------------------------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 1 1 1 1 0 F | K | Outer packet type identifier
+===+===+===+===+===+===+===+===+
: : (with inner type identifier)
/ Inner Base header / variable number of bits, given by
: : the inner packet type identifier
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 9 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
/ Extension / See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
: :
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
+ IP-ID of outer IPv4 header + See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
: :
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
/ AH data for outer list / See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
+ GRE checksum + See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
: :
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
+ IP-ID of inner IPv4 header + See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
: :
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
/ AH data for inner list / See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
+ GRE checksum + See RFC 3095 [2], section 5.7.
: :
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: List of : Variable, given by static chain
/ dynamic chains / (includes no SN).
: for additional IP headers : See [3], section 3.2.
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: :
+ UDP-Lite Checksum Coverage + 2 octets
: :
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
: :
+ UDP-Lite Checksum + 2 octets
: :
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
PPVPN
________________|__________________
| |
Layer 2 Layer 3
______|_____ ______|______
| | | |
P2P P2M PE-based CE-based
(VPWS) _____|____ ______|____ |
| | | | |
VPLS IPLS BGP/MPLS Virtual IPsec
IP VPNs Router
Alice Proxy P1 Proxy P2 Bob
|(1) INVITE | | |
|SE: 50 | | |
|----------->| | |
|(2) 422 | | |
|MSE: 3600 | | |
|<-----------| | |
|(3) ACK | | |
|----------->| | |
|(4) INVITE | | |
|SE:3600 | | |
|MSE:3600 | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(5) INVITE | |
| |SE:3600 | |
| |MSE:3600 | |
| |----------->| |
| |(6) 422 | |
| |MSE:4000 | |
| |<-----------| |
| |(7) ACK | |
| |----------->| |
|(8) 422 | | |
|MSE:4000 | | |
|<-----------| | |
|(9) ACK | | |
|----------->| | |
|(10) INVITE | | |
|SE:4000 | | |
|MSE:4000 | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(11) INVITE | |
| |SE:4000 | |
| |MSE:4000 | |
| |----------->| |
| | |(12) INVITE |
| | |SE:4000 |
| | |MSE:4000 |
| | |----------->|
| | |(13) 200 OK |
| | |SE:4000 |
| | |<-----------|
| |(14) 200 OK | |
| |SE:4000 | |
| |<-----------| |
|(15) 200 OK | | |
|SE:4000 | | |
|<-----------| | |
|(16) ACK | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(17) ACK | |
| |------------------------>|
|(18) UPDATE | | |
|SE:4000 | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(19) UPDATE | |
| |SE:4000 | |
| |------------------------>|
| |(20) 200 OK | |
| |SE:4000 | |
| |<------------------------|
|(21) 200 OK | | |
|SE:4000 | | |
|<-----------| | |
| |(22) BYE | |
| |<------------------------|
|(23) BYE | | |
|<-----------| | |
| |(24) 408 | |
| |------------------------>|
------------ ----------
| Network and| | |
| Service |--| Backbone |
| Operation | | |\
------------ ---------- \
/ | \ \
/ | \ \_Peering (Direct and
/ | \ exchange points)
/ | \
/ | \
---------- / ---------- \ ----------
| Customer | / | Customer | \ | Customer |
|Connection|--/ |Connection| \--|Connection|
| 1 | | 2 | | 3 |
---------- ---------- ----------
| | | ISP's Network
-------------------------------------------------------
| | | Customers' Networks
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
|Customer| |Customer| |Customer|
| | | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
Tunnels Tunnels Dual Full
IPv4-only ----> or ---> or + Stack --> Dual Stack
dedicated IPv6 dedicated IPv6 routers
links links
| | | |
|<-dialog 1->|<-dialog 2->| |
| | | |
| *********************** | |
|* MEDIA *| |
| *********************** | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<-dialog 1->|<------dialog 3----->|
| | | |
| ******************************** |
|* MEDIA *|
| ******************************** |
| | | |
| | | |
Transac status table Local status table New values transac./local
____________________________________________________________________
no no no/no
yes yes yes/yes
yes no depends on local info
no yes depends on local info
Transac. status table Local status table New value Local Status
_________________________________________________________________
no no no
yes yes yes
yes no yes
no yes no
| operator's IP network
+------+ ---------------------
| CMTS | operator's cable head-end
+------+ ---------------------
|
+--------+--------+ CATV physical network
| | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ ------------------
| CM | | CM | | CM | subscriber premises
+----+ +----+ +----+ ------------------
| | | subscriber host or network
OPES processor scope callout server scope
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| pre-processing | OCP scope | |
| +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ |
| iteration | <== ( application data ) ==> | adaptation |
| +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ |
| post-processing | | |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+---------------+ +-------+
| OPES | == (original data flow) ==> |callout|
| processor | <== (adapted data flow) === |server |
+---------------+ +-------+
OPES Callout
Processor Server
DUM> <DUM
DUM> <DWSR <-- Server is ready to stop receiving
... _____/<DUM <-- Server continues as usual
DUM>______/ <DUM
AME> ... <-- Processor stops sending original data
\_____ <DUM
\______<DUM
<DUM <-- Server continues to send adapted data
...
<AME
OPES Callout
Processor Server
DUM> <DUM
DUM> <DWSS <-- Server is ready to stop sending
... _____/<DUM <-- Server continues as usual,
DUM>______/ <DUM waiting for DSS
DSS> ...
\_____ <DUM
possible \______<DUM
org-dataflow <AME 206 <-- Server terminates adapted dataflow
pause _____/ upon receiving the DSS message
______/
DUM> <-- Processor resumes original dataflow
DUM> to the server and starts using
... original data without adapting it
AME>
+----------------------------------------------+
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | IPv6-only applications | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | TCP / UDP / others (SCTP, DCCP, etc.) | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| IPv4-mapped | | IPv6 |
| IPv6 addresses | | addresses |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | IPv4 | | IPv6 | |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| IPv4 | | |
| addresses | | |
+--------------|-----------------|-------------+
| |
IPv4 packets IPv6 packets
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| w/Rapid Commit| w/Rapid Commit|
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | Commits configuration
| Collects replies |
|\ | ____________/|
| \________ | / DHCPACK |
| DHCPOFFER\ |/w/Rapid Commit|
| (discarded) | |
| Initialization complete |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| |\_____________ |
| | DHCPRELEASE \|
| | |
| | Discards lease
| | |
v v v
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | POLICY | | AUTHORIZATION | |
| | INFRASTRUCTURE | | INFRASTRUCTURE | |
| +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | +--------------------+ | |
| | +------>| GCKS |<------+ | |
| | | +--------------------+ | | |
| | REGISTRATION or | REGISTRATION or | |
| | DE-REGISTRATION | DE-REGISTRATION | |
| | PROTOCOL | PROTOCOL | |
| | | | | | |
| | v REKEY v | |
| | +-----------------+ PROTOCOL +-----------------+ | |
| | | | (OPTIONAL) | | | |
| | | SENDER(S) |<-------+-------->| RECEIVER(S) | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | |
| | | ^ | |
| | v | | |
| | +-------DATA SECURITY PROTOCOL-------+ | |
| | | |
| +--------------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-------------+ +------------+ |
| | CONTROL | | CONTROL | |
| +------^------+ +------|-----+ +--------+ |
| | | +-----| CRED | |
| | | | +--------+ |
| +----v----+ +----v--v-+ +--------+ |
| | <-----Reg-----> |<->| SAD | |
| | GKM -----Rek-----> GKM | +--------+ |
| | | | | +--------+ |
| | ------+ | |<->| SPD | |
| +---------+ | +-^-------+ +--------+ |
| +--------+ | | | | |
| | CRED |----->+ | | +-------------------+ |
| +--------+ | | +--------------------+ | |
| +--------+ | +-V-------+ +--------+ | | |
| | SAD <----->+ | |<->| SAD <-+ | |
| +--------+ | |SECURITY | +--------+ | |
| +--------+ | |PROTOCOL | +--------+ | |
| | SPD <----->+ | |<->| SPD <----+ |
| +--------+ +---------+ +--------+ |
| |
| (A) GCKS (B) MEMBER |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------+
| +-------+ |
| | GCKS | |
| +-------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | +---------------+ |
| | ^ ^ |
| | | ... | |
| | +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | MEMBER | | MEMBER | |
| | +--------+ +--------+ |
| v |
| +-------------+ |
| | | |
| v ... v |
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| | GCKS | | GCKS | |
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | +---------------+ |
| | ^ ^ |
| | | ... | |
| | +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | MEMBER | | MEMBER | |
| | +--------+ +--------+ |
| v |
| ... |
+----------------------------------------+
+ +
---+---+ |\ /| +---+---
---| A |----|D| X Y |D|----| A |---
---+---+ |W| +--------+ +--------+ |W| +---+---
: |D|-----| OADM |-----| OADM |-----|D| :
---+---+ |M| +--------+ +--------+ |M| +---+---
---| A |----| | | | | | | |----| A |---
---+---+ |/ | | | | \| +---+---
+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +
D | A | | A | | A | | A | E
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
| | | | | | | |
PaC ----- EP -----+--- AR ---+
| |
PaC ----- EP --- -+ |
| |
PaC ----- EP -----+--- AR -- + ----(AAA)
|
+--- PAA
PaC --------------+--- AR/EP ---+
| |
PaC --------------+ |
| |
PaC --------------+--- AR/EP -- + ----(AAA)
|
+--- PAA
CRC for Frame #1 and Frame #2 and padding in FP:
================================================
(MSB) (LSB)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CRC | Octet 12
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
CRC for Frame #1 and Frame #2 in FP:
====================================
(MSB) (LSB)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| CRC | Octet 12/1
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
CRC for Frame #1 and Frame #2 in FP:
====================================
(MSB) (LSB)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| CRC | Octet 12/1
+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Description Type Interface
| | / \
| | MN-AR AR-AR
---------------------------------------------------------------
L2 ID 0x01 x
Address 0x02 x
Capability Container 0x03 x x
Preferences 0x04 x x
Requirements 0x05 x
Trusted Anchor 0x06 x
Router Certificate 0x07 x x
+----------+
+------------>| CARD |<-------------+
|+------------| Server |-------------+|
|| +----------+ ||
|| ||
|| ~~~~~~~~~~~ ||
(3)AR-Server||(4)AR-Server{ } ||(0) CARD
CARD || CARD { } ||Reg Req/
Request || Reply { IP Cloud } | Reply
|| { } ||
|| { } ||
|V ~~~~~~~~~~~ V|
+---------+ (5)AR-AR CARD Request +-----+-----+
| Current |------------------------->| CAR | CAR |
| AR |<-------------------------| 1 | 2 |
+---------+ (6)AR-AR CARD Reply +-----+-----+
^ | | |
(2)MN-AR | |(7)MN-AR | |
CARD | | CARD | |
Request| V Reply +---+ +---+
+--------------+ (1) AP1 L2 ID +--|AP1| |AP2|
| Mobile |<---------------------+ +---+ +---+
| Node |<--------------------------------+
+--------------+ (1) AP2 L2 ID
MN AP1 AR1 AP2 AP3 AR2
| | | | | |
| connected | | | | |
0-------------0-------0 | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | |
| <~~~~~~~~~L2-SCAN (AP2)~~~~~| | |
| <~~~~~~~~~L2-SCAN (AP3)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~| |
| | | |
| (MN-AR) CARD Req | | | |
|-------------------->| (AR-AR) CARD Req |
| | |---------------------------------------->|
| | | (AR-AR) CARD Repl |
| (MN-AR) CARD Repl |<----------------------------------------|
|<--------------------| | | |
| | | | | |
[target AR | | | | |
selection] | | | | |
| | | | | |
// // // // // //
[either...] | | | | |
| | | | | |
|-------- L2 attach --------->| | |
| | | | | |
| connected | | | |
0---------------------0-------0 | |
| | | | | |
// // // // // //
[... or] | | | | |
| | | | | |
|--------------- L2 attach -------------->| |
| | | | | |
| connected | | | |
0-----------------------------------------0---------------------0
| | | | | |
| | |
| MIPv6 Binding Update to the HA | |
|------------------------------------------------ - - - > |
| | | | | |
MN pAR NAR CAR2
| | as CAR1 |
| | | |
|-------RtSolPr------>| | |
| [MN-AR CARD Req] |-- AR-AR CARD Req*->| |
| |-- AR-AR CARD Req*------------>|
| |<--AR-AR CARD Repl*------------|
| |<--AR-AR CARD Repl*-| |
|<------PrRtAdv-------| | |
| [MN-AR CARD Repl] | | |
| | | |
NAR selection | | |
|------F-BU---------->|--------HI--------->| |
| |<------HACK---------| |
| <--F-BACK--|--F-BACK--> | |
| | | |
Disconnect | | |
| forward | |
| packets===============>| |
| | | |
| | | |
Connect | | |
| | | |
RS (with FNA option)======================>| |
|<-----------RA (with NAACK option)--------| |
|<=================================== deliver packets |
| | |
MN nAR pAR
| | |
T | | CT trigger
I | | |
M | |<------- CTD ----------|
E |------- CTAR -------->| |
: | | |
| | |-------- CTDR -------->|
V | | |
| | |
MN nAR pAR
| | |
T | CT trigger |
I | | |
M | |--------- CT-Req ----->|
E | | |
: | |<------- CTD ----------|
| | | |
V |------- CTAR -------->| |
| |----- CTDR (opt) ----->|
| | |
MN nAR pAR
| | |
new L2 link up | |
| | |
CT trigger | |
| | |
T |------- CTAR -------->| |
I | |-------- CT-Req ------>|
M | | |
E | |<-------- CTD ---------|
: | | |
| | | |
V | | |
| | |
MN PAR NAR
| | |
|------RtSolPr------->| |
|<-----PrRtAdv--------| |
| | |
|------FBU----------->|--------HI--------->|
| |<------HAck---------|
| <--FBack---|--FBack---> |
| | |
disconnect forward |
| packets===============>|
| | |
| | |
connect | |
| | |
|--------- FNA --------------------------->|
|<=================================== deliver packets
| |
MN PAR NAR
| | |
|------RtSolPr------->| |
|<-----PrRtAdv--------| |
| | |
disconnect | |
| | |
| | |
connect | |
|------FNA[FBU]-------|------------------->|
| |<-----FBU-----------|
| |------FBack-------->|
| forward |
| packets===============>|
| | |
|<=================================== deliver packets
| |
User NAS Server
| | |
| (initiate EAP) | |
|<------------------------------>| |
| | Diameter-EAP-Request |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Start) |
| |------------------------------->|
| | |
| | Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Request #1) |
| |<-------------------------------|
| EAP Request #1 | |
|<-------------------------------| |
: : :
: ...continues... :
User NAS Server
| | |
| (initiate EAP) | |
|<------------------------------>| |
| | |
| EAP Request(Identity) | |
|<-------------------------------| |
| | |
| EAP Response(Identity) | |
|------------------------------->| |
| | Diameter-EAP-Request |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Response) |
| |------------------------------->|
: : :
: ...continues... :
: ...continued... :
: : :
| EAP Response #N | |
|------------------------------->| |
| | Diameter-EAP-Request |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Response #N) |
| |------------------------------->|
| | |
| | Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| | Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Success) |
| | [EAP-Master-Session-Key] |
| | (authorization AVPs) |
| |<-------------------------------|
| | |
| EAP Success | |
|<-------------------------------| |
NAS home server
| |
| Diameter-EAP-Request |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_AUTHENTICATE |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Start) |
|---------------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Request) |
|<----------------------------------------------------------------|
| |
: ...more EAP Request/Response pairs... :
| |
| Diameter-EAP-Request |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Response) |
|---------------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Success) |
| EAP-Master-Session-Key |
| (authorization AVPs) |
|<----------------------------------------------------------------|
NAS Local redirect agent Home server
| | |
| Diameter-EAP-Request | |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_AUTHENTICATE |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Start) | |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Redirect-Host=homeserver.example.com |
| Redirect-Host-Usage=REALM_AND_APPLICATION |
|<-------------------------------| |
| : |
| Diameter-EAP-Request : |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_AUTHENTICATE |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Start) : |
|---------------------------------------------------------------->|
| : |
: ...rest of the session continues as in first case... :
: : :
NAS Local proxy agent Home server
| : |
| Diameter-EAP-Request : |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHENTICATE_ONLY |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Start) : |
|---------------------------------------------------------------->|
| : |
| : Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH |
| : EAP-Payload(EAP Request) |
|<----------------------------------------------------------------|
| : |
: ...more EAP Request/Response pairs... :
| : |
| Diameter-EAP-Request : |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Response) : |
|---------------------------------------------------------------->|
| : |
| : Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| : Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS |
| : EAP-Payload(EAP Success) |
| : EAP-Master-Session-Key |
| : (authorization AVPs) |
|<----------------------------------------------------------------|
| | |
| AA-Request | |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_ONLY |
| (some AVPs from first session) | |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| AA-Answer | |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS | |
| (authorization AVPs) | |
|<-------------------------------| |
NAS Local proxy/relay agent Home server
| | |
| Diameter-EAP-Request | |
| Auth-Request-Type=AUTHORIZE_AUTHENTICATE |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Start) | |
|------------------------------->|------------------------------->|
| | |
| | Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| Result-Code=DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Request) |
|<-------------------------------|<-------------------------------|
| : |
: ...more EAP Request/Response pairs... :
| : |
| Diameter-EAP-Request | |
| EAP-Payload(EAP Response) | |
|------------------------------->|------------------------------->|
| | |
| | Diameter-EAP-Answer |
| | Result-Code=DIAMETER_SUCCESS |
| | EAP-Payload(EAP Success) |
| | EAP-Master-Session-Key |
| | (authorization AVPs) |
|<-------------------------------|<-------------------------------|
+---------------+
| Command-Code |
|-------+-------+
Attribute Name | DER | DEA |
------------------------------------|-------+-------|
Accounting-EAP-Auth-Method | 0 | 0+ |
Acct-Interim-Interval [BASE] | 0 | 0-1 |
Auth-Application-Id [BASE] | 1 | 1 |
Auth-Grace-Period [BASE] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Auth-Request-Type [BASE] | 1 | 1 |
Auth-Session-State [BASE] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Authorization-Lifetime [BASE] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Callback-Id [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
Callback-Number [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Called-Station-Id [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0 |
Calling-Station-Id [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0 |
Class [BASE] | 0 | 0+ |
Configuration-Token [NASREQ] | 0 | 0+ |
Connect-Info [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Host [BASE] | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm [BASE] | 1 | 0 |
EAP-Master-Session-Key | 0 | 0-1 |
EAP-Key-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
EAP-Payload | 1 | 0-1 |
EAP-Reissued-Payload | 0 | 0-1 |
Error-Message [BASE] | 0 | 0-1 |
Error-Reporting-Host [BASE] | 0 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP [BASE] | 0 | 0+ |
Filter-Id [NASREQ] | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-Appletalk-Link [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-Appletalk-Network [NASREQ] | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-Appletalk-Zone [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-Compression [NASREQ] | 0+ | 0+ |
Framed-Interface-Id [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IP-Address [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IP-Netmask [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-IPv6-Prefix [NASREQ] | 0+ | 0+ |
Framed-IPv6-Pool [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-IPv6-Route [NASREQ] | 0 | 0+ |
Framed-IPX-Network [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
Framed-MTU [NASREQ] | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Framed-Pool [NASREQ] | 0 | 0-1 |
+-----------+
| Command |
| Code |
|-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
---------------------------------------|-----+-----+
Accounting-EAP-Auth-Method | 0+ | 0 |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| ContentInfo |
| |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | SignedData | |
| | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | ContentCollection | | |
| | | | | |
| | | +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------------+ | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Owner's | | Image | | SignedData | | | |
| | | | Offer to | | of the | | | | | |
| | | | Sell the | | Amphora | | +-------------+ | | | |
| | | | Amphora | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Appraisal | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | of Ceramics | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | Expert | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +-------------+ | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | +-----------+ +-----------+ +-----------------+ | | |
| | | | | |
| | +-------------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| +-----------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| ContentCollection |
| |
| +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | ContentWithAttributes | | ContentWithAttributes | |
| | | | | |
| | +---------------------+ | | +---------------------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | First Image of | | | | Second Image of | | |
| | | the Amphora | | | | the Amphora | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | +---------------------+ | | +---------------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | +---------------+ | | +---------------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | Attribute 1 | | | | Attribute 1 | | |
| | | +--+ | | | +--+ | |
| | +-+-------------+ | | | +-+-------------+ | | |
| | | Attribute 2 | | | | Attribute 2 | | |
| | | +--+ | | | +--+ | |
| | +-+--------------+ | | | +-+--------------+ | | |
| | | Attribute 3 | | | | Attribute 3 | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ | |
| | | | | |
| +-------------------------+ +-------------------------+ |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
Sender Receiver
+-----------+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +-----------+
|Application|----->| R1 |----->| R2 |----->| R3 |----->|Application|
| +--+ | |+--+| |+--+| +----+ | +--+ |
| |NE|====|======||NE||======||NE||==================|===|NE| |
| +--+ | |+--+| |+--+| | +--+ |
+-----------+ +----+ +----+ +-----------+
+--+
|NE| = NSIS ==== = Signaling ---> = Data flow messages
+--+ Entity Messages (unidirectional)
Proxy1 Proxy2
+------+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +--------+
|Sender|-...->|Appl|--->| R |--->| R |--->|Appl|-...->|Receiver|
| | |+--+| |+--+| |+--+| |+--+| | |
+------+ ||NE||====||NE||====||NE||====||NE|| +--------+
|+--+| |+--+| |+--+| |+--+|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+--+
|NE| = NSIS ==== = Signaling ---> = Data flow messages
+--+ Entity Messages (unidirectional)
+------+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +--------+
|Sender|----->| PA |----->| R2 |----->| R3 |----->|Receiver|
| | |+--+| |+--+| +----+ | +--+ |
+------+ ||NE||======||NE||==================|==|NE| |
|+--+| |+--+| | +--+ |
+-..-+ +----+ +--------+
..
..
+-..-+
|Appl|
+----+
^ +-----------------+
| | NSIS Signaling |
| | Layer Protocol |
NSIS | +----------------| for middleboxes |
Signaling | | NSIS Signaling | +-----------------+
Layer | | Layer Protocol +--------| NSIS Signaling |
| | for QoS | | Layer Protocol |
| +-----------------+ | for ... |
V +-----------------+
=============================================
NSIS ^ +--------------------------------+
Transport | | NSIS Transport Layer Protocol |
Layer V +--------------------------------+
=============================================
+--------------------------------+
. IP and lower layers .
. .
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
| NE | | NE | | NE | | NE |
|+----+| | | |+----+| |+----+|
||NSLP|| | | ||NSLP|| ||NSLP||
|| 1 || | | || 2 || || 1 ||
|+----+| | | |+----+| |+----+|
| || | | | | | | || |
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
====||NTLP||====||NTLP||====||NTLP||====||NTLP||====
|+----+| |+----+| |+----+| |+----+|
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
==================== ===========================
^ +------------------+ +-------------------------+
| | | | NSIS Specific Functions |
| | | | .............|
NSIS | | Monolithic | |+----------+. Peer .|
Transport | | Protocol | || Existing |. Discovery .|
Layer | | | || Protocol |. Aspects .|
| | | |+----------+.............|
V +------------------+ +-------------------------+
==================== ===========================
reserved +-----+ reserved +-----+
=========>| QNF |===========>| QNF |
+-----+ +-----+
--------------------------------------->
data path
Route update
|
v
reserved +-----+ reserved +-----+
=========>| QNF |===========>| QNF |
+-----+ +-----+
-------- ||
\ || +-----+
| ===========>| QNF |
| +-----+
+--------------------------->
data path
+------------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
| | | | | |
| Administrative | | Intermediate | | Administrative |
| Domain A | | Domains | | Domain B |
| | | | | |
| (Inter-domain Communication) |
| +-------->+---+<------------->+---+<--------+ |
| (Intra-domain | | | | (Intra-domain |
| Communication) | | | | Communication) |
| | | | | | | |
| v | | | | v |
+--------+---------+ +---------------+ +---------+--------+
^ ^
| |
First Peer Communication Last Peer Communication
| |
v v
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| NSIS | | NSIS |
| Initiator | | Responder |
+-----------+ +-----------+
****************************************
* *
+----+-----+ +----------+ +----+-----+
+-----+ NSIS +-------+ NSIS +--------+ NSIS +-----+
| | Node 1 | | Node 2 | | Node 3 | |
| +----------+ +----+-----+ +----------+ |
| ~ |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| ~ |
+--+--+-----+ +---------+-+
| NSIS +//////////////////////////////////////////+ NSIS |
| Initiator | | Responder |
+-----------+ +-----------+
+-----------+ Messaging Association
Message | Adversary | Establishment
Association +--->+ +<----------------+
Establish- | +----+------+ |(4)
ment | IPx | |
(3)| |Discovery Reply v
| | (IPx) +---+-------+
v | (2) | NSIS |
+------+-----+ | /----------->+ Node B +--------
| NSIS +<--+ / Discovery +-----------+
| Node A +---------/ Request IPr
+------------+ (1)
IPi
+-------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+
| | | | | +------+ |
| | | | | | SIP | |
| | | | | |server| |
| | | | | | +------+ |
+-|+ | | | | | / |
| | | | | +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | | SIP | | | | SIP | |
| | ---|-------------|--|----|server|----|---|-|server| |
+--+ | | | +------+ | | +------+ |
| | | | | |
SIP | GPRS access | | Visited Network| | Home Network |
dev. +-------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+
+-------------+ +----------------+
+-------+ | | | | |
| | +-|+ | | | |
| | | | | | | +------+ |
+-------+ | | | | | | SIP | |
/ / --------| | ---|-------------|-------|server|------
/-------/ +--+ | | | +------+ |
| | | |
SIP GPRS | GPRS access | | Visited Network|
client terminal +-------------+ +----------------+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| B | <-- | B | <-- | B | <-- . . . . . . <-- | B | <-+
| 0 | | 1 | | 2 | | n | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ |
| | | |
| | V +-----+
| V +----------------> | |
V +-----------------------------> | XOR |
+---------------------------------------------------> | |
+-----+
+---------------+
| V |
| | n |--+
+--+------------+ |
| | +---------+
shift| +---> | | +-----+
+--+ | Encrypt | <--- | Key |
| +-------- | | +-----+
| | +---------+
V V
+------------+--+
| V | |
| n+1 |
+---------------+
+--------+ +------+ +---------+
--->| Mix In |--->| POOL |--->| Extract |--->
| Bits | | | | Bits |
+--------+ +------+ +---------+
^ V
| |
+-----------+
*********** SNMP-Request *********
* *================>* *
URI ---------->* Manager * * Agent *
* *<================* *
*********** SNMP-Response *********
^
|
Other Config Info ------------+
SNMP gateway
********** URI *********** SNMP-Request *********
* *===========>* *================>* *
* Client * * Manager * * Agent *
* *<===========* *<================* *
********** Info *********** SNMP-Response *********
^
|
Other Config Info ------------+
L32 L33 L34 L35
R1-------R2-------R3-------R4-------R5
| |
L46 | | L44
| L47 |
R6----------------R7
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | VPN| | Router| | HA | .
. |away| | | .<=========>| | | 1..n | | 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. . +----+ .
................... . +-------+ +-------+ .
. | CN | | MNs | .
. | 1..n | | home | .
. +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | VPN| | Router| .
. |away| | | .<=========>| | | 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . /\ | GW | +-------+ .
. . || +----+ .
. . || +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. . ++====>| HA | | CN | | MNs | .
................... | | | 1..n | | home | .
+----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | VPN| | Router| .
. |away| | | .<==========| GW | | 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . | + | +-------+ .
. . | HA | .
................... +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. | CN | | MNs | .
. | 1..n | | home | .
. +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | VPN| | Router| .
. |away| | | .<==========| GW | | 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . /\ | | +-------+ .
. . || | | .
................... || | | +-------+ +-------+ .
|| | | | CN | | MNs | .
.....MIPv4 Home.... || | | | 1..n | | home | .
. .<===++ | | +-------+ +-------+ .
. +------+ . +----+ .
. | HAs | . . .
. | 1..n | . ................................
. +------+ .
...................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +------+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | Fire | | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. |away| | | .<=======>| wall | | 1..n | | 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . | | +-------+ +-------+ .
. . | NAT | .
................... +------+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. | CN | | MNs | .
. | 1..n | | home | .
. +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
....Internet....... .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | . | VPN| | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. |away| .<=========>| | | 1..n | | 1..n | .
. +----+ . | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. . +----+ .
................... . +-------+ +-------+ .
. | CN | | MNs | .
. | 1..n | | home | .
. +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
....Internet....... .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | . | VPN| | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. |away| .<=========>| | | 1..n | | 1..n | .
. +----+ . | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. . | | .
................... | | +-------+ +-------+ .
| | | CN | | MNs | .
..802.11 Wireless.. <====>| | | 1..n | | home | .
. Network . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. . . .
................... ................................
....Internet....... .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | . | VPN| | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. |away|<###################>| |-----| 1..n |->| 1..n | .
. +----+ . \ | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. . \ +----+ .
................... mip . +-------+ +-------+ .
inside . | CN | | MNs | .
IPsec . | 1..n | | home | .
. +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | | FA | . | VPN| | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. |away|<??| |<###########>| |-----| 1..n |->| 1..n | .
. +----+ \ +----+ . \ | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. \ . \ +----+ .
...........\....... mip . +-------+ +-------+ .
\ inside . | CN | | MNs | .
MN expects IPsec . | 1..n | | home | .
IPsec traffic . +-------+ +-------+ .
. .
................................
..Foreign Network.. .....VPN Domain..(Intranet).....
. . . .
. +----+ +----+ . +----+ +-------+ +-------+ .
. | FA | | VPN| . | VPN| | Router| | VPN/HA| .
. | |<--| GW |<###########>| |-----| 1..n |->| 1..n | .
. +----+ +----+ . \ | GW | +-------+ +-------+ .
. | . \ +----+ .
. +----+ . mip . +-------+ +-------+ .
. |MNs | . inside . | CN | | MNs | .
. |away| . IPsec . | 1..n | | home | .
. +----+ . . +-------+ +-------+ .
................... . .
................................
+-------+ +-------+
| MA-1 | | MA-2 |
| | | |
+-------+ |IF2 +-------+
| | |
+-------------|---------|----------|-----------+
| +---------+ | +-------------+ |
IF1 |VMG1 | +--+ | | | +--+ +--+ |VMG2 |IF3
----------| |Tx|-------+ +---|Ty|--|Tz|----------------
| | +--+ | | | +--+ +--+ | |
| ....| | | +-------------+ |
| +---------+ | |
| +---------------------------------
| Middlebox | IF4
+----------------------------------------------+
+-------+ +-------+
| MA-1 | | MA-2 |
| | | |
+-------+ |IF2 +-------+
| | | MB
+-------------|---------|----------|-----------+
| +-----------+ | +-------------+ |
IF1 |VMG1 | +--+ | | | +--+ +--+ |VMG2 |IF3
------------------|Ty|----+ +---|Tx|--|Tz|----------------
| | +--+ | | | +--+ +--+ | |
| .... | | | | +--/------\---+ |
| +-------|---+ | / \ |
| | +----/----------\------------------
| +------+----+------+ +------+ |IF4
| |Policy1 Policy2 | |Policy| |
| | | | | | 3 | |
| +----+------+------+ +------+ |
+----------------------------------------------+
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | Key | | IKE | | Key | |
| | Management | <-+-----------------------+-> | Management | |
| | Process | | | | Process | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | |
| v | | v |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | IPsec | | AH/ESP | | IPsec | |
| | Stack | <-+-----------------------+-> | Stack | |
| | | | | | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| Initiator | | Responder |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| | | |
| | | +---pcimRuleInstance (structural)
| | |
| | +---pcimRuleConditionAssociation (structural)
| | | |
| | | +---pcelsConditionAssociation (structural new)
| | |
| | +---pcimRuleValidityAssociation (structural)
| | |
| | +---pcimRuleActionAssociation (structural)
| | | |
| | | +---pcelsActionAssociation (structural new)
| | |
| | +---pcelsPolicySetAssociation (structural new)
| | |
| | +---pcimPolicyInstance (structural)
| | |
| | +---pcimElementAuxClass (auxiliary)
| | |
| | +---pcelsRoleCollection (structural new)
| | |
| | +---pcelsFilterEntryBase (abstract new)
| | |
| | +---pcelsIPHeadersFilter (structural new)
| | |
| | +---pcels8021Filter (structural new)
| |
| +---dlm1ManagedSystemElement (abstract)
| |
| +---dlm1LogicalElement (abstract)
| |
| +---dlm1System (abstract)
| |
| +---dlm1AdminDomain (abstract)
| |
| +---pcimRepository (abstract)
| |
| +---pcimRepositoryAuxClass (auxiliary)
| |
| +---pcimRepositoryInstance (structural)
| |
| +---pcelsReusableContainer (abstract new)
| |
| +---pcelsReusableContainerAuxClass
| | (auxiliary new)
| |
| +---pcelsReusableContainerInstance
| (structural new)
+----------+
|Rule/Group|
| |
+-----|- -|-----+
| +----------+ |
| * * |
| * * |
| **** **** |
| * * |
v * * v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SA1+Set1 | | SA2+Set2 |
+-----------+ +-----------+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
+----------+ +-------------+
|Rule/Group| | ContainerX |
+-|- -|--+ | |
| +----------+ | +-------------+
| * * | * *
| *** **** | * *
| * * v * *
| * +---+ * *
| * |SA2| +-------+ *
v * | -|-------->|S1+Set2| *
+---+ +---+ +-------+ *
|SA1| +-------+
| -|------------------------------>|S2+Set3|
+---+ +-------+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
+--------------+
+------| Rule |------+
| +--------------+ |
| * * |
| ********* ********* |
v * * v
+---------+ +---------+
+-| CA1+cc1 |-+ +-| CA2+cc2 |-+
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| * * | | * * |
| **** **** | | **** **** |
v * * v v * * v
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
|CA3+c1| |CA4+c2| |CA5+c3| |CA6+c4|
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+
+------| Rule |-----+ | ContainerX |
| +-------------+ | +---------------+
| * * | * * * *
| * * | **** * * *
| ********* ******** | * * * ********
| * * v * * * *
| * +---------+ * * **** *
| * +-| CA2+cc2 |-+ * * * *
| * | +---------+ | * * * *
v * | * * | * * * *
+---------+ | **** **** | * * * *
+-| CA1+cc1 |-+ | * * v * * * *
| +---------+ | | * +------+ +-----+ * * *
| * * | v * | CA6 |->|S1+c4| * * *
| **** **** | +------+ +------+ +-----+ +-----+ * *
| * * v | CA5 |------------------>|S2+c3| * *
| * +------+ +------+ +-----+ +-----+ *
v * | CA4 |------------------------------------->|S3+c2| *
+------+ +------+ +-----+ +-----+
| CA3 |------------------------------------------------------>|S4+c1|
+------+ +-----+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
+--------------+ +--------------+
| Rule | | RepositoryX |
+---+--------------+----+ +--------------+
| * * | * *
| ******* ******* | ******** ********
| * * v * *
| * +----------+ +---------+ *
| * | CA2 |--->| S1+cc2 | *
| * +----------+ +-+---------+-+ *
| * | * * | *
| * | **** **** | *
| * v * * v *
| * +------+ +------+ *
| * |CA5+c3| |CA6+c4| *
v * +------+ +------+ *
+----------+ +---------+
| CA1 |----------------------------------------->| S2+cc1 |
+----------+ +-+---------+-+
| * * |
| **** **** |
v * * v
+------+ +------+
|CA3+c1| |CA4+c2|
+------+ +------+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
+------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
+-----| Rule |-----+ | ContainerX | | ContainerY |
| +------+ | +---------------+ +---------------+
| * * | * * * * * *
| ****** ****** | *** *** *** * * *****
| * * v * * * * * *
| * +-------+ +------+ * * * *** *
| * | CA2 |->|S1+ca1| * * * * *
| * +-------+ +------+ * * * * *
| * / * * \ * * * * *
| * |** ** | * * * * *
| * |* * v * * * * *
| * |* +---+ * +-----+ * * *
| * |* |CA6|----*--->|S3+c4| * * *
| * v* +---+ * +-----+ * * *
| * +---+ * +-----+ * *
| * |CA5|-----------*--------->|S4+c3| * *
v * +---+ * +-----+ * *
+-------+ +------+ * *
| CA1 |-------------------------->|S2+cc1| * *
+-------+ +------+ * *
/ * * \ * *
| ** ** | * *
| * * v * *
| * +---+ +-----+ *
| * |CA4|---------->|S5+c2| *
v * +---+ +-----+ *
+---+ +-----+
|CA3|--------------------->|S6+c1|
+---+ +-----+
+------------------------------+
|LEGEND: |
| ***** DIT containment |
| + auxiliary attachment |
| ----> DN reference |
+------------------------------+
---area1--------area0------area2--
------R1-ABR1-R2-------ABR3-------
| \ | / | |
| R0 \ | / | R4 |
| R5 \ |/ | |
---------ABR2----------ABR4-------
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Hardware Module |
| |
| +---------------+ +--------------------------+ |
| | Bootstrap | | Firmware Package | |
| | Loader | | | |
| +---------------+ | +------------------+ | |
| | : Firmware Package : | |
| +---------------+ | : Identifier and : | |
| | Trust | | : Version Number : | |
| | Anchor(s) | | +------------------+ | |
| +---------------+ | | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| +---------------+ | : Algorithm 1 : | |
| | Serial Num. | | +-+-----------+-+ | |
| +---------------+ | : Algorithm 2 : | |
| | +-+-----------+-+ | |
| +---------------+ | : Algorithm n : | |
| | Hardware | | +-------------+ | |
| | Module Type | | | |
| +---------------+ +--------------------------+ |
| |
| +------------------------------------+ |
| | Optional Private Signature Key & | |
| | Signature Validation Certificate | |
| | or the Certificate Designator | |
| +------------------------------------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------+
............ ................. ............
. . . . . .
. +---+ +-------+ +-------+ +---+ .
. r3---| | | | | |----|CE2|---r5 .
. | | | | | | +---+ .
. |CE1|----| PE1 | | PE2 | : .
. | | | | | | +---+ .
. r4---| | | | | |----|CE3|---r6 .
. +---+ +-------+ +-------+ +---+ .
. Customer . . Service . . Customer .
. site 1 . . provider(s) . . site 2 .
............ ................. ............
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | | |
+------+ VPN tunnel +------+ VPN tunnel +------+
| |==============| |==============| |
| | | | | |
| PE | | PE | | PE |
| | |device| | |
|device| |(IWF) | |device|
| | VPN tunnel | | VPN tunnel | |
| |==============| |==============| |
+------+ +------+ +------+
| | | |
+------------------+ +------------------+
|<-VPN approach 1->| |<-VPN approach 2->|
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | : | |
+------+ VPN tunnel +------+Tunnel: +------+ VPN tunnel +------+
| |============| |======:======| |============| |
| | | | : | | | |
| PE | | PE | : | PE | | PE |
| | | | : | | | |
|device| |device| : |device| |device|
| | VPN tunnel | |Tunnel: | | VPN tunnel | |
| |============| |======:======| |============| |
+------+ +------+ : +------+ +------+
| | : | |
+------------------+ Interworking +------------------+
|<-VPN approach 1->| interface |<-VPN approach 2->|
+------------+ +------------+
| PPVPN +-----------------------------+ PPVPN |
| user PPVPN user |
| site +---------------------XXX-----+ site |
+------------+ +------------------XXX--+ +------------+
| PPVPN core | | |
+------------------| |--+
| |
| +------\
+--------/ Internet
+---------------------------------+
|periodically every T sec. |
| Tc(t+)=MIN(CBS, Tc(t-)+CIR*T) |
| Te(t+)=MIN(EBS, Te(t-)+EIR*T) |
+---------------------------------+
Packet of size
B arrives /----------------\
---------------->|color-blind mode|
| OR |YES +---------------+
| green packet |---->|packet is green|
| AND | |Tc(t+)=Tc(t-)-B|
| B <= Tc(t-) | +---------------+
\----------------/
|
| NO
v
/----------------\
|color-blind mode|
| OR |YES +----------------+
| NOT red packet |---->|packet is yellow|
| AND | |Te(t+)=Te(t-)-B |
| B <= Te(t-) | +----------------+
\----------------/
|
| NO
v
+---------------+
|packet is red |
+---------------+
| | |
|--------------------(1) INVITE SDP A-------------------->|
| | |
| |<---(2) INVITE SDP A+B------|
| | |
| |---(3) 200 OK SDP TA+TB---->|
| | |
| |<---------(4) ACK-----------|
| | |
|<-------------------(5) 200 OK SDP TA--------------------|
| | |
|------------------------(6) ACK------------------------->|
| | |
| ************************** | ************************** |
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| ************************** | ************************** |
| | |
| | |
|----------------------(1) INVITE------------------------>|
| | |
| |<-----(2) INVITE SDP B------|
| | |
| |---(3) 200 OK SDP TA+TB---->|
| | |
| |<---------(4) ACK-----------|
| | |
|<-------------------(5) 200 OK SDP TA--------------------|
| | |
|-----------------------(6) ACK SDP A-------------------->|
| | |
| |<-------(7) INVITE----------|
| | |
| |---(8) 200 OK SDP TA+TB---->|
| | |
|<-----------------(9) INVITE SDP TA----------------------|
| | |
|------------------(10) 200 OK SDP A--------------------->|
| | |
|<-----------------------(11) ACK-------------------------|
| | |
| |<-----(12) ACK SDP A+B------|
| | |
| ************************** | ************************** |
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| ************************** | ************************** |
| | |
|-------(1) INVITE SDP A---->| |
| | |
|<----(2) 200 OK SDP TA+TB---| |
| | |
|----------(3) ACK---------->| |
| | |
|--------------------(4) INVITE SDP TA------------------->|
| | |
|<--------------------(5) 200 OK SDP B--------------------|
| | |
|-------------------------(6) ACK------------------------>|
| | |
|--------(7) INVITE--------->| |
| | |
|<---(8) 200 OK SDP TA+TB --| |
| | |
|--------------------(9) INVITE SDP TA------------------->|
| | |
|<-------------------(10) 200 OK SDP B--------------------|
| | |
|-------------------------(11) ACK----------------------->|
| | |
|------(12) ACK SDP A+B----->| |
| | |
| ************************** | ************************** |
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| ************************** | ************************** |
| | |
| | | |
|----(1) INVITE SDP AT1--->| | |
| | | |
|----------------(2) INVITE SDP AT2-------------->| |
| | | |
|<-(3) 200 OK SDP T1A+T1B--| | |
| | | |
|---------(4) ACK--------->| | |
| | | |
|<---------------(5) 200 OK SDP T2A+T2B-----------| |
| | | |
|----------------------(6) ACK------------------->| |
| | | |
|-----------------------(7) INVITE SDP T1B+T2B----------------->|
| | | |
|<----------------------(8) 200 OK SDP BT1+BT2------------------|
| | | |
|------(9) INVITE--------->| | |
| | | |
|-------------------(10) INVITE------------------>| |
| | | |
|<-(11) 200 OK SDP T1A+T1B-| | |
| | | |
|<------------(12) 200 OK SDP T2A+T2B-------------| |
| | | |
|------------------(13) INVITE SDP T1B+T2B--------------------->|
| | | |
|<-----------------(14) 200 OK SDP BT1+BT2----------------------|
| | | |
|--------------------------(15) ACK---------------------------->|
| | | |
|---(16) ACK SDP AT1+BT1-->| | |
| | | |
|------------(17) ACK SDP AT2+BT2---------------->| |
| | | |
| ************************ | ********************************** |
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| ************************ | ********************************** |
| | | |
| *********************************************** ***********
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| *********************************************** | *********** |
| | | |
| | | |
|----(1) INVITE SDP A-----> | | |
| | | |
|<-(2) 200 OK SDP T1A+T1T2- | | |
| | | |
|----------(3) ACK--------> | | |
| | | |
|-----------(4) INVITE SDP T1T2------------------>| |
| | | |
|<-----------(5) 200 OK SDP T2T1+T2B--------------| |
| | | |
|---------------------(6) ACK-------------------->| |
| | | |
|---------------------------(7) INVITE SDP T2B----------------->|
| | | |
|<--------------------------(8) 200 OK SDP B--------------------|
| | | |
|--------------------------------(9) ACK----------------------->|
| | | |
|---(10) INVITE-----------> | | |
| | | |
|------------------(11) INVITE------------------->| |
| | | |
|<-(12) 200 OK SDP T1A+T1T2-| | |
| | | |
|<-------------(13) 200 OK SDP T2T1+T2B-----------| |
| | | |
|---(14) ACK SDP T1T2+B---> | | |
| | | |
|-----------------------(15) INVITE SDP T2B-------------------->|
| | | |
|<----------------------(16) 200 OK SDP B-----------------------|
| | | |
|----------------(17) ACK SDP T1T2+B------------->| |
| | | |
|----------------------------(18) ACK-------------------------->|
| | | |
| ************************* | ******************* *********** |
|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|* MEDIA *|
| ************************* | ******************* | *********** |
| | | |
+---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| 802.11 BSS 1 | | 802.11 BSS 2 | | 802.11 BSS 3 |
| ... | | ... | | ... |
| +-----+ | | +-----+ | | +-----+ |
+----| WTP |----+ +----| WTP |----+ +----| WTP |----+
+--+--+ +--+--+ +--+--+
|Ethernet | |
+------------------+ | +------------------+
| | |
+---+--+--+---+
| Ethernet |
802.3 LAN --------------+ Switch +-------------- 802.3 LAN
segment 1 | | segment 2
+------+------+
+---------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| 802.11 BSS 1 | | 802.11 BSS 2 | | 802.11 BSS 3 |
| ... | | ... | | ... |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ | | +-------+ |
+----| WTP |--+ +----| WTP |--+ +----| WTP |--+
+---+---+ +---+---+ +---+---+
| | |
+------------------+ | +-----------------+
| |...|
+----+--+---+--------+
| Interconnection |
+-------+------------+
|
|
+-----+----+
| AC |
+----------+
-------+------ LAN
|
+-------+-------+
| AC |
+----+-----+----+
| |
+---+ +---+
| |
+--+--+ +--+--+
| WTP | | WTP |
+--+--+ +--+--+
-------+------ LAN
|
+-------+-------+
| AC |
+----+-----+----+
| |
+---+ +---+
| |
+--+--+ +-----+-----+
| WTP | | Switch |
+--+--+ +---+-----+-+
| |
+-----+ +-----+
| WTP | | WTP |
+-----+ +-----+
+--------------+--- +---------------+--- +--------------+---
| CAPWAP | | CAPWAP | | CAPWAP |
| functions |AC | functions |AC | functions |
|==============|=== |---------------| |--------------|
| | | non RT MAC | | |AC
| 802.11 MAC | |===============|=== | 802.11 MAC |
| |WTP | Realtime MAC | | |
|--------------| |---------------|WTP |==============|===
| 802.11 PHY | | 802.11 PHY | | 802.11 PHY |WTP
+--------------+--- +---------------+--- +--------------+---
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| 802.11 BSS 1 | | 802.11 BSS 2 |
| ... | | ... |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
+----|mesh node|--+ +----|mesh node|--+
+-+---+---+ +-+-+-----+
| | | |
| | | | +----------+
| +-----------------------+ | Ethernet | Ethernet |
| 802.11 wireless links | +--------+ Switch |
| +-----------------------+ | | | |
| | | | | +----------+
+-+---+---+ +-+--+----+
+----|mesh node|--+ +----|mesh node|--+
| +---------+ | | +---------+ |
| ... | | ... |
| 802.11 BSS 4 | | 802.11 BSS 3 |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+----------------+
|Autonomous |
+---------->|Architecture |
| |Family |
| +----------------+
| +--------------+
| |Local |
| +---->|MAC |
| | |Architecture |
| | +--------------+
| |
| +----------------+ | +--------------+
| |Centralized | | |Split |
+---------->|Architecture |--+---->|MAC |
| |Family | | |Architecture |
| +----------------+ | +--------------+
| |
| | +--------------+
| | |Remote |
| +---->|MAC |
| |Architecture |
| +--------------+
| +----------------+
| |Distributed Mesh|
+---------->|Architecture |
|Family |
+----------------+
+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| Label | Description | Example |
+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| country | The country is | US |
| | identified by the | |
| | two-letter ISO 3166 | |
| | code. | |
| | | |
| A1 | national | New York |
| | subdivisions (state, | |
| | region, province, | |
| | prefecture) | |
| | | |
| A2 | county, parish, gun | King's County |
| | (JP), district (IN) | |
| | | |
| A3 | city, township, shi | New York |
| | (JP) | |
| | | |
| A4 | city division, | Manhattan |
| | borough, city | |
| | district, ward, chou | |
| | (JP) | |
| | | |
| A5 | neighborhood, block | Morningside Heights |
| | | |
| A6 | street | Broadway |
| | | |
| PRD | Leading street | N, W |
| | direction | |
| | | |
| POD | Trailing street | SW |
| | suffix | |
| | | |
| STS | Street suffix | Avenue, Platz, |
| | | Street |
| | | |
| HNO | House number, | 123 |
| | numeric part only. | |
| | | |
| HNS | House number suffix | A, 1/2 |
| | | |
| LMK | Landmark or vanity | Low Library |
| | address | |
| | | |
| LOC | Additional location | Room 543 |
| | information | |
| | | |
| FLR | Floor | 5 |
| | | |
| NAM | Name (residence, | Joe's Barbershop |
| | business or office | |
| | occupant) | |
| | | |
| PC | Postal code | 10027-0401 |
+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
H.323 SIP
EP Setup IWF UA
|------------>| INVITE |
| |------------>|
| | 180 RINGING |
| Alerting |<------------|
|<------------| 200 OK |
| Connect |<------------|
|<------------| |
| H.245 | |
|<----------->| ACK |
| |------------>|
| RTP |
|<.........................>|
SIP H.323
UA IWF EP
| | |
| INVITE | |
|------------>| Setup |
| |------------>|
| | Alerting |
| 180 RINGING |<------------|
|<------------| Connect |
| |<------------|
| | H.245 |
| 200 OK |<----------->|
|<------------| |
| ACK | |
|------------>| |
| RTP |
|<.........................>|
Let's assume again that preemptions 2 and 3 are used in the TE-domain
and that the following TE-Class mapping is configured on LSR1 and
LSR2:
i <---> CT preemption
====================================
0 CT1 0
1 CT1 1
2 CT0 2
3 CT0 3
rest unused
I----------------------------I
<---BC0---> I
I---------I I
I I I
I CT0 I I
I I I
I---------I I
I I
I I
<-------BC1-------> I
I-----------------I I
I I I
I CT1 I I
I I I
I-----------------I I
I I
I I
<-----BC2-----> I
I-------------I I
I I I
I CT2 I I
I I I
I-------------I I
I I
I CT0+CT1+CT2 I
I I
I----------------------------I
I-----BC2------>
I----------------------BC1------>
I------------------------------BC0=Max Reservable Bw--->
---------- ---------- o--o
| | 2048 kbits/s | |------- /\
| |--------------| | --
| PBX | 1544 kbits/s | AN |
| |--------------| | o--o
| | | |------- /\
---------- ---------- --
PBX SG MGC
<----------- SABMR <----------- Est Req(Ind=1)
UA -----------> Est Cfm -----------> (DLC in RC State)
Ind=1)
PBX SG MGC
<----------- SABMR <----------- Est Req(Ind=1)
Retransmissions over
NT1 and NT2 expired
Rel Ind -----------> (DLC in RA state)
(RELEASE_OTHER,Ind=1)
PBX SG MGC
<----------- SABMR(1) <----------- Est Req(Ind=0)
<----------- SABMR(2)
<----------- SABMR(3)
.............
<----------- SABMR(N)
In each DLC either
UA is received or
NT1/NT2 is expired
Est Cfm -----------> (Status of DLCs
(Ind=0) are not updated)
<----------- Status Req
Status cfm ----------> (Mark DLC status
based on
status bits)
PBX SG MGC
<----------- UI(C) <----------- Data Req
UI(R)-----------> Data Ind ----------->
PBX SG MGC
(For DPNSS, mark DLC as OOS) <----------- Rel Req
(For DASSII, mark DLC as RA) (RELEASE_MGMT,
Ind=1)
Rel Cfm ---------->
(Ind=1)
PBX SG MGC
(For DPNSS, mark all DLCs as OOS) <-------- Rel Req
(For DASSII, mark DLC as RA) (RELEASE_MGMT,
Ind=0)
Rel Cfm ---------->
(Ind=0)
PBX SG MGC
<----------- Stat Req
Stat Cfm -----------> (Mark DLC status
based on
status bits)
PBX SG MGC
Invalid Message <-----------Est/Rel/Data/-
Stat Req
Error Ind ----------->
(Error Code)
Peer Peer | Authenticator Auth
Method | Method
\ | /
\ | /
Peer | Auth
EAP <-----|----------> EAP
Switch | Switch
Peer | Authenticator | Backend
| / Local |
| / Method |
Peer | Auth | Backend
EAP -|-----> EAP | --> EAP
Switch | Switch | / Server
| \ | /
| \ pass-through |
| |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(global transitions) | !portEnabled | DISABLED
|------------------------+--------------
| eapRestart && | INITIALIZE
| portEnabled |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
DISABLED | portEnabled | INITIALIZE
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
INITIALIZE | |
| |
selectedMethod = NONE | |
methodState = NONE | |
allowNotifications = TRUE | |
decision = FAIL | UCT | IDLE
idleWhile = ClientTimeout | |
lastId = NONE | |
eapSuccess = FALSE | |
eapFail = FALSE | |
eapKeyData = NONE | |
eapKeyAvailable = FALSE | |
eapRestart = FALSE | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
IDLE | eapReq | RECEIVED
|------------------------+--------------
| (altAccept && |
| decision != FAIL) || |
| (idleWhile == 0 && | SUCCESS
| decision == |
| UNCOND_SUCC) |
|------------------------+--------------
|------------------------+--------------
| altReject || |
| (idleWhile == 0 && |
| decision != |
| UNCOND_SUCC) || | FAILURE
| (altAccept && |
| methodState != CONT && |
| decision == FAIL) |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
RECEIVED | rxReq && | METHOD
| (reqId != lastId) && |
(rxReq,rxSuccess,rxFailure, | (reqMethod == |
reqId,reqMethod) = | selectedMethod) && |
parseEapReq(eapReqData) | (methodState != DONE) |
|------------------------+--------------
| rxReq && |
| (reqId != lastId) && |
| (selectedMethod == |
| NONE) && | GET_METHOD
| (reqMethod != |
| IDENTITY) && |
| (reqMethod != |
| NOTIFICATION) |
|------------------------+--------------
| rxReq && |
| (reqId != lastId) && |
| (selectedMethod == | IDENTITY
| NONE) && |
| (reqMethod == |
| IDENTITY) |
|------------------------+--------------
| rxReq && |
| (reqId != lastId) && |
| (reqMethod == | NOTIFICATION
| NOTIFICATION) && |
| allowNotifications |
|------------------------+--------------
| rxReq && | RETRANSMIT
| (reqId == lastId) |
|------------------------+--------------
| rxSuccess && |
| (reqId == lastId) && | SUCCESS
| (decision != FAIL) |
|------------------------+--------------
|------------------------+--------------
| (methodState!=CONT) && |
| ((rxFailure && |
| decision != |
| UNCOND_SUCC) || | FAILURE
| (rxSuccess && |
| decision == FAIL)) && |
| (reqId == lastId) |
|------------------------+--------------
| else | DISCARD
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
METHOD | |
| |
ignore = m.check(eapReqData) | ignore | DISCARD
if (!ignore) { | |
(methodState, decision, | |
allowNotifications) = |------------------------+--------------
m.process(eapReqData) | |
/* methodState is CONT, | |
MAY_CONT, or DONE */ | (methodState==DONE) && | FAILURE
/* decision is FAIL, | (decision == FAIL) |
COND_SUCC, or | |
UNCOND_SUCC */ | |
eapRespData = |------------------------+--------------
m.buildResp(reqId) | |
if (m.isKeyAvailable()) | else | SEND_RESPONSE
eapKeyData = m.getKey() | |
} | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
GET_METHOD | |
| selectedMethod == |
if (allowMethod(reqMethod)) {| reqMethod | METHOD
selectedMethod = reqMethod | |
methodState = INIT | |
} else { |------------------------+--------------
eapRespData = | |
buildNak(reqId) | else | SEND_RESPONSE
} | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
IDENTITY | |
| |
processIdentity(eapReqData) | UCT | SEND_RESPONSE
eapRespData = | |
buildIdentity(reqId) | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
NOTIFICATION | |
| |
processNotify(eapReqData) | UCT | SEND_RESPONSE
eapRespData = | |
buildNotify(reqId) | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
RETRANSMIT | |
| UCT | SEND_RESPONSE
eapRespData = lastRespData | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
DISCARD | |
| UCT | IDLE
eapReq = FALSE | |
eapNoResp = TRUE | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
SEND_RESPONSE | |
| |
lastId = reqId | |
lastRespData = eapRespData | UCT | IDLE
eapReq = FALSE | |
eapResp = TRUE | |
idleWhile = ClientTimeout | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
SUCCESS | |
| |
if (eapKeyData != NONE) | |
eapKeyAvailable = TRUE | |
eapSuccess = TRUE | |
-----------------------------+------------------------+--------------
FAILURE | |
| |
eapFail = TRUE | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 8
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(global transitions) | !portEnabled | DISABLED
|---------------------+----------------
| eapRestart && | INITIALIZE
| portEnabled |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
DISABLED | portEnabled | INITIALIZE
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
INITIALIZE | |
| |
currentId = NONE | |
eapSuccess = FALSE | |
eapFail = FALSE | UCT | SELECT_ACTION
eapTimeout = FALSE | |
eapKeyData = NONE | |
eapKeyAvailable = FALSE | |
eapRestart = FALSE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
IDLE | |
| retransWhile == 0 | RETRANSMIT
retransWhile = | |
calculateTimeout( |---------------------+----------------
retransCount, eapSRTT, | eapResp | RECEIVED
eapRTTVAR, methodTimeout) | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
RETRANSMIT | |
| retransCount > | TIMEOUT_FAILURE
retransCount++ | MaxRetrans |
if (retransCount<=MaxRetrans){| |
eapReqData = lastReqData |---------------------+----------------
eapReq = TRUE | else | IDLE
} | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
RECEIVED | rxResp && |
| (respId == |
(rxResp,respId,respMethod)= | currentId) && |
parseEapResp(eapRespData) | (respMethod == NAK |
| || | NAK
| respMethod == |
| EXPANDED_NAK) && |
| (methodState == |
| PROPOSED) |
|---------------------+----------------
| rxResp && |
| (respId == |
| currentId) && | INTEGRITY_CHECK
| (respMethod == |
| currentMethod) |
|---------------------+----------------
| else | DISCARD
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
NAK | |
| UCT | SELECT_ACTION
m.reset() | |
Policy.update(<...>) | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SELECT_ACTION | decision == FAILURE | FAILURE
| |
decision = |---------------------+----------------
Policy.getDecision() | decision == SUCCESS | SUCCESS
/* SUCCESS, FAILURE, or |---------------------+----------------
CONTINUE */ | else | PROPOSE_METHOD
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
INTEGRITY_CHECK | ignore | DISCARD
|---------------------+----------------
ignore = m.check(eapRespData) | !ignore | METHOD_RESPONSE
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
METHOD_RESPONSE | |
| methodState == END | SELECT_ACTION
m.process(eapRespData) | |
if (m.isDone()) { | |
Policy.update(<...>) |---------------------+----------------
eapKeyData = m.getKey() | |
methodState = END | else | METHOD_REQUEST
} else | |
methodState = CONTINUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
PROPOSE_METHOD | |
| |
currentMethod = | |
Policy.getNextMethod() | |
m.init() | UCT | METHOD_REQUEST
if (currentMethod==IDENTITY ||| |
currentMethod==NOTIFICATION)| |
methodState = CONTINUE | |
else | |
methodState = PROPOSED | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
METHOD_REQUEST | |
| |
currentId = nextId(currentId) | UCT | SEND_REQUEST
eapReqData = | |
m.buildReq(currentId) | |
methodTimeout = m.getTimeout()| |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
DISCARD | |
| UCT | IDLE
eapResp = FALSE | |
eapNoReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SEND_REQUEST | |
| |
retransCount = 0 | UCT | IDLE
lastReqData = eapReqData | |
eapResp = FALSE | |
eapReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
TIMEOUT_FAILURE | |
| |
eapTimeout = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
FAILURE | |
| |
eapReqData = | |
buildFailure(currentId) | |
eapFail = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SUCCESS | |
| |
eapReqData = | |
buildSuccess(currentId) | |
if (eapKeyData != NONE) | |
eapKeyAvailable = TRUE | |
eapSuccess = TRUE | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 9
---------------------------------------------------------------------
(global transitions) | !backendEnabled | DISABLED
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
DISABLED | backendEnabled && | INITIALIZE
| aaaEapResp |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
INITIALIZE | !rxResp | SELECT_ACTION
|---------------------+----------------
currentMethod = NONE | rxResp && |
(rxResp,respId,respMethod)= | (respMethod == NAK |
parseEapResp(aaaEapRespData)| || | NAK
if (rxResp) | respMethod == |
currentId = respId | EXPANDED_NAK) |
else |---------------------+----------------
currentId = NONE | else | PICK_UP_METHOD
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
PICK_UP_METHOD | |
| currentMethod == | SELECT_ACTION
if (Policy.doPickUp( | NONE |
respMethod)) { | |
currentMethod = respMethod |---------------------+----------------
m.initPickUp() | else | METHOD_RESPONSE
} | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
IDLE | aaaEapResp | RECEIVED
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
RECEIVED | rxResp && |
| (respId == |
(rxResp,respId,respMethod)= | currentId) && |
parseEapResp(aaaEapRespData)| (respMethod == NAK |
| || | NAK
| respMethod == |
| EXPANDED_NAK) && |
| (methodState == |
| PROPOSED) |
|---------------------+----------------
| rxResp && |
| (respId == |
| currentId) && | INTEGRITY_CHECK
| (respMethod == |
| currentMethod) |
|---------------------+----------------
| else | DISCARD
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
NAK | |
| UCT | SELECT_ACTION
m.reset() | |
Policy.update(<...>) | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SELECT_ACTION | decision == FAILURE | FAILURE
| |
decision = |---------------------+----------------
Policy.getDecision() | decision == SUCCESS | SUCCESS
/* SUCCESS, FAILURE, or |---------------------+----------------
CONTINUE */ | else | PROPOSE_METHOD
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
INTEGRITY_CHECK | ignore | DISCARD
| |
ignore = |---------------------+----------------
m.check(aaaEapRespData) | !ignore | METHOD_RESPONSE
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
METHOD_RESPONSE | |
| methodState == END | SELECT_ACTION
m.process(aaaEapRespData) | |
if (m.isDone()) { | |
Policy.update(<...>) |---------------------+----------------
aaaEapKeyData = m.getKey() | |
methodState = END | else | METHOD_REQUEST
} else | |
methodState = CONTINUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
PROPOSE_METHOD | |
| |
currentMethod = | |
Policy.getNextMethod() | |
m.init() | UCT | METHOD_REQUEST
if (currentMethod==IDENTITY ||| |
currentMethod==NOTIFICATION)| |
methodState = CONTINUE | |
else | |
methodState = PROPOSED | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
METHOD_REQUEST | |
| |
currentId = nextId(currentId) | |
aaaEapReqData = | UCT | SEND_REQUEST
m.buildReq(currentId) | |
aaaMethodTimeout = | |
m.getTimeout() | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
DISCARD | |
| UCT | IDLE
aaaEapResp = FALSE | |
aaaEapNoReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SEND_REQUEST | |
| UCT | IDLE
aaaEapResp = FALSE | |
aaaEapReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
FAILURE | |
| |
aaaEapReqData = | |
buildFailure(currentId) | |
aaaEapFail = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SUCCESS | |
| |
aaaEapReqData = | |
buildSuccess(currentId) | |
if (aaaEapKeyData != NONE) | |
aaaEapKeyAvailable = TRUE | |
aaaEapSuccess = TRUE | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT_ACTION | decision == FAILURE | FAILURE
| |
decision = |---------------------+----------------
Policy.getDecision() | decision == SUCCESS | SUCCESS
/* SUCCESS, FAILURE, CONTINUE,|---------------------+----------------
or PASSTHROUGH */ | decision == | INITIALIZE_
| PASSTHROUGH | PASSTHROUGH
|---------------------+----------------
| else | PROPOSE_METHOD
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 11
---------------------------------------------------------------------
INITIALIZE_PASSTHROUGH | currentId != NONE | AAA_REQUEST
|---------------------+----------------
aaaEapRespData = NONE | currentId == NONE | AAA_IDLE
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
IDLE2 | |
| retransWhile == 0 | RETRANSMIT2
retransWhile = | |
calculateTimeout( |---------------------+----------------
retransCount, eapSRTT, | eapResp | RECEIVED2
eapRTTVAR, methodTimeout) | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
RETRANSMIT2 | |
| retransCount > | TIMEOUT_
retransCount++ | MaxRetrans | FAILURE2
if (retransCount<=MaxRetrans){| |
eapReqData = lastReqData |---------------------+----------------
eapReq = TRUE | else | IDLE2
} | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
RECEIVED2 | rxResp && |
| (respId == | AAA_REQUEST
(rxResp,respId,respMethod)= | currentId) |
parseEapResp(eapRespData) |---------------------+----------------
| else | DISCARD2
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
AAA_REQUEST | |
| |
if (respMethod == IDENTITY) { | UCT | AAA_IDLE
aaaIdentity = eapRespData | |
aaaEapRespData = eapRespData | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
AAA_IDLE | aaaEapNoReq | DISCARD2
|---------------------+----------------
aaaFail = FALSE | aaaEapReq | AAA_RESPONSE
aaaSuccess = FALSE |---------------------+----------------
aaaEapReq = FALSE | aaaTimeout | TIMEOUT_
aaaEapNoReq = FALSE | | FAILURE2
aaaEapResp = TRUE |---------------------+----------------
| aaaFail | FAILURE2
|---------------------+----------------
| aaaSuccess | SUCCESS2
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
AAA_RESPONSE | |
| |
eapReqData = aaaEapReqData | UCT | SEND_REQUEST2
currentId = getId(eapReqData) | |
methodTimeout = | |
aaaMethodTimeout | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
DISCARD2 | |
| UCT | IDLE2
eapResp = FALSE | |
eapNoReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SEND_REQUEST2 | |
| |
retransCount = 0 | UCT | IDLE2
lastReqData = eapReqData | |
eapResp = FALSE | |
eapReq = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
TIMEOUT_FAILURE2 | |
| |
eapTimeout = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
FAILURE2 | |
| |
eapReqData = aaaEapReqData | |
eapFail = TRUE | |
------------------------------+---------------------+----------------
SUCCESS2 | |
| |
eapReqData = aaaEapReqData | |
eapKeyData = aaaEapKeyData | |
eapKeyAvailable = | |
aaaEapKeyAvailable | |
eapSuccess = TRUE | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Figure 12
...
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
1. <---------------------------- ACK 5
2. SEND 10 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
3. <---------------------------- ACK 6
4. SEND 11 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
5. |
[delay]
|
[RTO]
[F-RTO step (1)]
6. SEND 6 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 6)
<earlier xmitted SEG 6> --->
7. <---------------------------- ACK 7
[F-RTO step (2b)]
8. SEND 12 ---------------------------->
9. SEND 13 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 7)
<earlier xmitted SEG 7> --->
10. <---------------------------- ACK 8
[F-RTO step (3b)]
[SpuriousRecovery <- SPUR_TO]
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 6)
11. SEND 14 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 7)
12. <---------------------------- ACK 9
13. SEND 15 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 7)
14. <---------------------------- ACK 10
15. SEND 16 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 7)
...
...
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
<segment 6 lost>
<segment 9 lost>
1. <---------------------------- ACK 5
2. SEND 10 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
3. <---------------------------- ACK 6
4. SEND 11 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
5. <---------------------------- ACK 6
6. <---------------------------- ACK 6
7. <---------------------------- ACK 6
8. SEND 6 --------------X
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 6)
<segment 6 lost>
9. <---------------------------- ACK 6
10. SEND 12 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 7)
11. <---------------------------- ACK 6
12. SEND 13 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 8, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 8)
[RTO]
13. SEND 6 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 8, ssthresh = 2, FlightSize = 8)
14. <---------------------------- ACK 9
[F-RTO step (2b)]
15. SEND 14 ---------------------------->
16. SEND 15 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 2, FlightSize = 7)
17. <---------------------------- ACK 9
[F-RTO step (3a)]
[SpuriousRecovery <- FALSE]
(cwnd = 3, ssthresh = 2, FlightSize = 7)
18. SEND 9 ---------------------------->
19. SEND 10 ---------------------------->
20. SEND 11 ---------------------------->
...
...
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
<segments 6-9 lost>
1. <---------------------------- ACK 5
2. SEND 10 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
3. <---------------------------- ACK 6
4. SEND 11 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
5. <---------------------------- ACK 6
|
|
[RTO]
6. SEND 6 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 6)
7. <---------------------------- ACK 7
[F-RTO step (2b)]
8. SEND 12 ---------------------------->
9. SEND 13 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 7)
10. <---------------------------- ACK 7
[F-RTO step (3a)]
[SpuriousRecovery <- FALSE]
(cwnd = 3, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 7)
11. SEND 7 ---------------------------->
12. SEND 8 ---------------------------->
13. SEND 9 ---------------------------->
...
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
1. <---------------------------- ACK 5
2. SEND 10 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh < 6, FlightSize = 6)
3. <---------------------------- ACK 6
4. SEND 11 ---------------------------->
5. |
[delay]
|
[RTO]
6. SEND 6 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 6, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 6)
<earlier xmitted SEG 8> --->
7. <---------------------------- ACK 6
[SACK 8]
[SACK F-RTO stays in step 2]
8. <earlier xmitted SEG 6> --->
9. <---------------------------- ACK 7
[SACK 8]
[SACK F-RTO step (2b)]
10. SEND 12 ---------------------------->
11. SEND 13 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 3, FlightSize = 7)
12. <earlier xmitted SEG 7> --->
13. <---------------------------- ACK 9
[SACK F-RTO step (3b)]
[SpuriousRecovery <- SPUR_TO]
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 6)
14. SEND 14 ---------------------------->
(cwnd = 7, ssthresh = 6, FlightSize = 7)
15. <---------------------------- ACK 10
16. SEND 15 ---------------------------->
...
+-----------+ 1a. HI +-----+
| | ---------------->| NAR |
| PAR | 1b. HAck | |
+-----------+ <--------------- +-----+
^ | ^
(2a. RtSolPr) | | 2b |
| | Pr | 3. Fast BU (F-BU)
| | RtAdv | 4. Fast BA (F-BACK)
| v v
+------------+
| MN |
+------------+ - - - - - ->
Movement
\ RECEIVER| | |
+-------+ | Advise | Require |
ORIGINATOR\| | |
-----------+----------+----------+
| Deliver | Deliver |
Advise | original | original |
| content | content |
-----------+----------+----------+
| Return | Return |
Require | w/out | w/out |
| delivery | delivery |
-----------+----------+----------+
+------------+ +-----------+
| Originator | | Recipient |
+------------+ +-----------+
||Posting Delivering/\
\/ ||
+--------+ +-----------------+ +--------+
| SMTP | | SMTP Relay | | SMTP |
| Client |--->| Server | Client |--->| Server |
+--------+ +--------+--------+ +--------+
+------------+
| Originator |
+------------+
SMTP ||
or || CONPERM
SUBMIT \/
+--------+ +----------------+
| SMTP | SMTP | SMTP Relay |
| Client |----------->| Server | |
+--------+ CONPERM +--------+-------+
+-----------+
| Recipient |
+-----------+
Capabilities||
\/
+----------------+ +--------+
| SMTP Relay | CONNEG | SMTP |
| | Client |<--------| Server |
+-------+--------+ +--------+
Originating system Receiving system
+------------------+ +------------------+
| +------------+ | | +-----------+ |
| | Originator | | | | Recipient | |
| +------------+ | | +-----------+ |
| ||Posting | | /\Receiving |
| \/ | | || |
| +---------+ | | +--------+ |
| | SMTP |<---|-------|----| SMTP | |
| | Client |----|-------|--->| Server | |
| +---------+ | | +--------+ |
+------------------+ +------------------+
+-----------------------------------+
| |
V |
+------------------------------------------+ |
+------| Application [script], [expr], [snmpconf],|---+ |
| | [apmmib] | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ | |
| | | |
+--------------------------------+ | |
| Synchronization Control | | |
+--------------------------------+ | |
| | | |
V V V |
+----------------+ +----------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| Traffic | |Monitoring Metrics | |Data Reduction | |
| Generation | |Control [rmon],[ippm],| |Control [applmib], | |
| Control [sspm]| | [applmib] | |[wwwservmib],[expr]| |
+----------------+ +----------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
V V V |
+------------------+ +-------------------+ +----------------+ |
|Traffic Generation| |Monitoring Metrics | |Data Reduction | |
| Instrumentation| | Instrumentation | +-->| Instrumentation| |
+------------------+ +-------------------+ | +----------------+ |
| | |
| | |
Various levels | | |
and span +--------------| |
| |
| |
V |
Reports ---+
Sender wallet/Issuing system Receiver wallet/Collecting system
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
| | | |
| | Voucher Component | |
| | (Specifies VTS Provider and Promise) | |
| |-------------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
| | Intention to receive and payment (option) | |
| |<- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | Issue/transfer/ VTS | | VTS Register | |
| | redeem request plug-in | plug-in Listener(*1)| |
| |------------------>| | | |<------------------| |
| | (VTS-API) |<- - - - - - - ->| (VTS-API) | |
| | | VTS-specific | | |
| | | protocol if VTS | | |
| | | is distributed | | |
| | Result |<- - - - - - - ->| Notify(*2) | |
| |<------------------| | | |------------------>| |
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
+----------------+--------------------------------+---------------+
| | Value | Restrictions |
| +-----+---------------+----------+---------------+
| Examples |Ratio| Fixed |Number | Merchandise |
| | +------+--------+needed for| |
| | |Amount|Currency|redemption| |
+----------------+-----+------+--------+----------+---------------+
|Gift certificate| | 25 | USD | 1 |(Not specified)|
|Loyalty point | | 1 | AUD | 10 |(Not specified)|
|Member card | 20%| | | 0 |(Not specified)|
|Coupon | 30%| | | 1 |Beef 500g |
|Event ticket | 100%| | | 1 |Hall A, S ,K23 |
|Exchange ticket | 100%| | | 1 |ISBN:0071355014|
+----------------+-----+------+--------+----------+---------------+
Sender wallet/Issuing system Receiver wallet/Collecting system
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
| | | |
| | Voucher Component | |
| | (Specifies VTS Provider and Promise) | |
| |-------------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
| | Intention to receive and payment (option) | |
| |<- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | Issue/transfer/ VTS | | VTS Register | |
| | redeem request plug-in | plug-in Listener(*1)| |
| |------------------>| | | |<------------------| |
| | (VTS API) |<- - - - - - - ->| (VTS API) | |
| | | VTS-specific | | |
| | | protocol if VTS | | |
| | | is distributed | | |
| | Result |<- - - - - - - ->| Notify(*2) | |
| |<------------------| | | |------------------>| |
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Trust List |
| |
| +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| +--| Root CA | | Root CA | | Root CA | |
| | +---------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| | | | | |
+--|------|----------------|---------------- |----------+
| | | |
| | | |
| | v |
| | +----+ |
| | +----| CA |---+ |
| | | +----+ | |
| | | | |
| | v v v
| | +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | CA |---+ | CA |-+ | CA |---+
| | +----+ | +----+ | +----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
v v v v v v v v
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| EE | | EE | | EE | | EE | | EE | | EE | | EE | | EE |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
+---------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +--------+
| Trust |----->| CA |---->| CA |---->| CA |---->| Target |
| Anchor | : | A | : | B | : | C | : | EE |
+---------+ : +-----+ : +-----+ : +-----+ : +--------+
: : : :
: : : :
Cert 1 Cert 2 Cert 3 Cert 4
A(Trust Anchor) B(A) C(B) Target(C)
+-------------+ +---------------+
| Node 1 | | Node 2 |
| Subject: E |--->| Subject: B |
| Issuers: B* | | Issuers: C*,A |
+-------------+ +---------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
| Node 1 | | Node 2 | | Node 3 |
| Subject: E |--->| Subject: B |--->| Subject: C |
| Issuers: B | | Issuers: C*,A | | Issuers: TA*,A,B |
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
| Node 1 | | Node 2 | | Node 3 |
| Subject: E |--->| Subject: B |--->| Subject: C |
| Issuers: B | | Issuers: C*,A | | Issuers: TA,A*,B |
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
|
v
+------------------+
| Node 4 |
| Subject: A |
| Issuers: TA*,C,B |
+------------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
| Node 1 | | Node 2 | | Node 3 |
| Subject: E |--->| Subject: B |--->| Subject: C |
| Issuers: B | | Issuers: C*,A | | Issuers: TA,A*,B |
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
|
v
+------------------+ +------------------+
| Node 5 | | Node 4 |
| Subject: C |<---| Subject: A |
| Issuers: TA*,A,B | | Issuers: TA,C*,B |
+------------------+ +------------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
| Node 1 | | Node 2 | | Node 3 |
| Subject: E |--->| Subject: B |--->| Subject: C |
| Issuers: B | | Issuers: C*,A | | Issuers: TA,A*,B |
+-------------+ +---------------+ +------------------+
|
v
+------------------+
| Node 4 |
| Subject: A |
| Issuers: TA,C,B* |
+------------------+
+----+ +---+
| TA | | Z |
+----+ +---+
| |
| |
V V
+---+ +---+
| C |<-----| Y |
+---+ +---+
|
|
V
+--------+
| Target |
+--------+
BCID selection Optimistic approach / ACK
+----->----->------+ +----->----->----->-----+
| | | |
| v | v
+---------+ +---------+ +-------------+
| IR | | CR | | Higher |
| state | | state | | order state |
+---------+ +---------+ +-------------+
^ |
| NACK / STATIC-NACK |
+---<-----<-----<----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| |
/ replication base information / variable length
| |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| |
/ replication information / variable length
| |
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | SCTP | |
| IPA | association 1 | IPB |
| port = PW +---------------+ port = PW |
| SLC = a | | SLC = a |
| | | |
| | | |
| | SCTP | |
| IPC | association 2 | IPD |
| port = PW +---------------+ port = PW |
| SLC = b | | SLC = b |
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-----+
| Association | IPSP X | IPSP Y | SLC |
| +------------+------+------------+------+ |
| | IP address | Port | IP address | Port | |
+=============+============+======+============+======+=====+
| 1 | IPA | PW | IPB | PW | a |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
| 2 | IPC | PW | IPD | PW | b |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-----+
| Association | IPSP X | IPSP Y/Z | SLC |
| +------------+------+------------+------+ |
| | IP address | Port | IP address | Port | |
+=============+============+======+============+======+=====+
| 1 | IPA | PW | IPB | PW | a |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
| 2 | IPC | PW | IPD | PW | b |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
+-------------+ +-------------+
| | SCTP | |
| IPA | association 1 | IPB |
| port = P1 +---------------+ port = PW |
| SLC = a | | SLC = a |
| | | |
| | | |
| | SCTP | |
| IPA | association 2 | IPB |
| port = PW +---------------+ port = PW |
| SLC = b | | SLC = b |
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+---------------------------------------+-----+
| Association | IPSP X | IPSP Y | SLC |
| +------------+------+------------+------+ |
| | IP address | Port | IP address | Port | |
+=============+============+======+============+======+=====+
| 1 | IPA | P1 | IPB | PW | a |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
| 2 | IPA | PW | IPB | PW | b |
+-------------+------------+------+------------+------+-----+
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Associate . . . .
. ------------> . . .
. . . . . .
. . (SCTP Association . .
. . procedure) . .
. . . . . .
. Communication Up Communication Up .
. <------------ ------------> .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Out of Service . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
Emergency OR . . . .
Emergency Ceases . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
Start . . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Alignment . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. Start timer T2 . . .
. . . . . .
. . . Link Status Alignment .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. Stop timer T2 . . .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Start timer T3 . . .
. Link Status Proving . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . Link Status Proving .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. Stop timer T3 . . .
. . . . . .
. Start timer T4 . . .
. Link Status Proving . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. ------------------------------------> .
. ------------------------------------> .
. ------------------------------------> .
. ------------------------------------> .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. Timer T4 expires . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. Start timer T1 . . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Ready . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . Link Status Ready .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. Stop timer T1 . . .
. . . . . .
In Service . . In Service
<------------ . . ------------>
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
Message for . . . .
transmission . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
. Send . . . .
. (Data Message) . . .
. ------------> . . .
. . . . . .
. . (SCTP sends message) . .
. . . . . .
. . . Receive .
. . . ------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Received message
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Communication Lost . . .
. <------------ . . .
. . . . . .
Out of Service . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. M2PA detects . . . .
. Local Processor . . . .
. Outage . . . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status . . . .
. Processor Outage . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Remote Processor
. . . . Outage .
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
. Link Status . . .
. Processor . . .
. Recovered . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Remote Processor
. . . . Outage Ceases
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
. . . Link Status Ready .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Ready . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
Message for . . . .
transmission . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
. User Data . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
6 Messages for . . . .
transmission . . . .
------------> . . 6 Messages for
. . . . transmission
. . . . <------------
. User Data FSN=1 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. User Data FSN=2 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. User Data FSN=3 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . User Data FSN=11 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . User Data FSN=12 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . User Data FSN=13 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. . . User Data FSN=14 BSN=3 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . User Data FSN=15 BSN=3 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . User Data FSN=16 BSN=3 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. LS PO FSN=3 BSN=11 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . Remote Processor
. . . . Outage .
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
. User Data FSN=4 BSN=13 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. User Data FSN=5 BSN=13 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. User Data FSN=6 BSN=13 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. (empty) User Data FSN=16 BSN=4
. <------------------------------------ .
. (empty) User Data FSN=16 BSN=5
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. LS PR FSN=6 BSN=13 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . Remote Processor
. . . . Outage Ceases
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . LS Ready FSN=13 BSN=5 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . Message for
. . . . transmission
. . . . <------------
. . . User Data FSN=14 BSN=5 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. LS Ready FSN=5 BSN=13 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. User Data FSN=5 BSN=14 (empty) . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
Message for . . . Message for
transmission . . transmission
------------> . . <------------
. User Data FSN=6 BSN=14 . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . User Data FSN=15 BSN=5 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. . (empty) User Data FSN=15 BSN=6 .
. <------------------------------------ .
. User Data FSN=6 BSN=15 (empty) . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Implementation dependent . .
. determination of M2PA . .
. receive congestion onset . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Busy . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Start .
. . . . Timer T6 .
. . . . . .
. Implementation dependent . .
. determination of M2PA . .
. receive congestion abatement . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Busy Ended . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Stop .
. . . . Timer T6 .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Implementation dependent . .
. determination of M2PA . .
. receive congestion onset . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Busy . . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
. . . . Start .
. . . . Timer T6 .
. . . . : .
. . . . : .
. . . . Timer T6 .
. . . . Expires .
. . . . . .
. . Link Status Out of Service .
. <------------------------------------ .
. . . . . .
. . . . Out of Service
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Implementation dependent . .
. determination of M2PA . . .
. transmit congestion . . .
. onset (level) . . .
. . . . . .
Congestion Indication . . . .
(level) . . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
. Implementation dependent . .
. determination of M2PA . . .
. transmit congestion . . .
. abatement (level) . . .
. . . . . .
Congestion Indication . . . .
(level) . . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
Stop . . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
. Link Status Out of Service . .
. ------------------------------------> .
. . . . . .
Out of Service . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
MTP3 M2PA SCTP SCTP M2PA MTP3
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
. . . . . .
. Communication Lost . . .
. <------------ . . .
. . . . . .
Out of Service . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
Retrieve BSNT . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
BSNT Confirmation . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
XCO (BSNT) on another link . . .
------------------------------------------------------------>
. . . . . .
. . . . Retrieve BSNT
. . . . <------------
. . . . . .
. . . . BSNT Confirmation
. . . . ------------>
. . . . . .
. . . . . XCA (BSNT)
<------------------------------------------------------------
. . . . . .
Retrieval Request . . . .
and FSNC . . . . .
------------> . . . .
. . . . . .
Retrieved Message . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. : . . . . .
. : . . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
Retrieval Complete . . . .
<------------ . . . .
. . . . . .
Send messages on another link.
[voice GW]\ /[voice GW]
[voice GW]---[concentrator]---[concentrator]---[voice GW]
[voice GW]/ \[voice GW]
^ ^ ^
| | |
RTP over IP TCRTP over IP RTP over IP
[voice GW]\ /[voice GW]
[voice GW]---[concentrator]---[concentrator]---[voice GW]
[voice GW]/ \[voice GW]
^ ^ ^
| | |
CRTP over IP TCRTP over IP RTP over IP
+---------+---------+-------------+-----------------------+
| | MSTI | | |
| Context | | UDP | |
| ID | Link | Checksum | RTP Data |
| | Sequence| | |
| (1-2) | (1) | (0-2) | |
+---------+---------+-------------+-----------------------+
+-------+---+------+-------+-----+ +---+------+-------+-----+
| Mux |P L| | | | |P L| | | |
| PPP |F X|Len1 | PPP | | |F X|LenN | PPP | |
| Prot. |F T| | Prot. |Info1| ~ |F T| | Prot. |InfoN|
| Field | | Field1| | | |FieldN | |
| (1) |1-2 octets| (0-2) | | |1-2 octets| (0-2) | |
+-------+----------+-------+-----+ +----------+-------+-----+
+------+-------+----------+-------+-------+-----+-------+----+
| IP | Mux |P L| | | | MSTI| | |
|header| PPP |F X|Len1 | PPP |Context| | UDP |RTP |
| (20) | Proto |F T| | Proto | ID | Link| Cksum |Data|
| | Field | | Field1| | Seq | | |
| | (1) |1-2 octets| (0-2) | (1-2) | (1) | (0-2) | |
+------+-------+----------+-------+-------+-----+-------+----+
|<------------- IP payload ------------------------->|
|<----- PPPmux payload --------------------->|
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
|+------+ iSNSP | | iSNSP +-----+ |
||dev A |<----->+------+ | | +------+<----->|dev C| |
|+------+ | | | | | | +-----+ |
|+------+ iSNSP |local | | | |remote| iSNSP +-----+ |
||dev B |<----->| iSNS | | | | iSNS |<----->|dev D| |
|+------+ |server| | | |server| +-----+ |
|........ +--+---+ | WAN | +---+--+ |
|.dev C'. | | Link | | |
|........ | ============= | |
| | | | | |
| +--+---+ | | +---+--+ |
| | local|<--- <--- <--- <-|remote| |
| | LDAP | | LDAP: | | LDAP | |
| +------+ Xfer "dev C"| +------+ |
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
Enterprise Enterprise
Network A Network B
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
|+------+ iSNSP | | iSNSP +-----+ |
||dev A |<----->+------+ | | +------+<----->|dev C| |
|+------+ | | | | | | +-----+ |
|+------+ iSNSP |local | | | |remote| iSNSP +-----+ |
||dev B |<----->| iSNS | | | | iSNS |<----->|dev D| |
|+------+ |server| | | |server| +-----+ |
|........ +------+ | WAN | +---+--+ |
|.dev C'. ^ | Link | | |
|........ | ============= v |
| | | | |SNMP |
| | | | | |
| +--+----+ | | v |
| | SNMP |<--- <--- <--- <---- |
| | Mgmt | | SNMP: Xfer "dev C" |
| |Station| | | |
| +-------+ | | |
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
Enterprise Enterprise
Network A Network B
+--------------+ +-----------+
| NETWORK |1 *| |
| ENTITY |----| PORTAL |
| | | |
+--------------+ +-----------+
|1 |1 |*
| | |
| |* |
| +----------+ |
| | PORTAL | |
| | GROUP | |
| +----------+ |
| |* |
| | |
|* |1 |*
+-----------+ +--------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
| FC |1 *| STORAGE |* *| DISCOVERY |* *| DISCOVERY |
| DEVICE |----| NODE |----| DOMAIN |----| DOMAIN |
| | | | | | | SET |
+-----------+ +--------------+ +-----------+ +-----------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Network |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+
| |
| |
+-----+------+------+-----+ +-----+------+------+-----+
| | PORTAL | | | | PORTAL | |
| | -IP Addr 1 | | | | -IP Addr 2 | |
| | -TCP Port 1 | | | | -TCP Port 2 | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | PORTAL GROUP| | | | PORTAL GROUP| |
| | -Prtl Tag 1 | | | | -Prtl Tag 2 | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ | | +-------+ +--------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | STORAGE NODE | | | | STORAGE NODE | |
| | -iSCSI Name | | | | -iSCSI Name | |
| | -Alias: "server1"| | | | -Alias: "disk1"| |
| | -Type: initiator | | | | -Type: target | |
| | | | | | | |
| +-------------------+ | | +------------------+ |
| | | |
| NETWORK ENTITY | | NETWORK ENTITY |
| -Entity ID (FQDN): | | -Entity ID (FQDN): |
| "strg1.example.com" | | "strg2.example.net" |
| -Protocol: iSCSI | | -Protocol: iSCSI |
| | | |
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Network |
+-------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+
| |
| |
+------------+------+------+---------+------+------+------------+
| | PORTAL 1 | | PORTAL 2 | |
| | -IP Addr 1 | | -IP Addr 2 | |
| | -TCP Port 1 | | -TCP Port 2 | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | |
| +---------------+ +---------------------+ +---------------+ |
| +-------+ +----------------+ +-------------------+ +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-------+ +-------+ +------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | STORAGE NODE 1 | | STORAGE NODE 2 | | STORAGE NODE 3 | |
| | -iSCSI Name 1 | | -iSCSI Name 2 | | -iSCSI Name 3 | |
| | -Alias: "disk1"| | -Alias: "disk2"| | -Alias: "disk3"| |
| | -Type: target | | -Type: target | | -Type: target | |
| | | | | | | |
| +-----------------+ +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| |
| NETWORK ENTITY |
| -Entity ID (FQDN): "dev1.example.com" |
| -Protocol: iSCSI |
| |
| Portal Group Object Table |
| Storage-Node Portal Portal-Group-Tag |
| 1 1 10 |
| 1 2 NULL (no access permitted) |
| 2 1 20 |
| 2 2 20 |
| 3 1 30 |
| 3 2 10 |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Network |
+--------+-----------------+-----------------------------+
| |
+-+------+------+---+------+------+----------------------+
| | PORTAL | | PORTAL | NETWORK ENTITY |
| | -IP Addr 1 | | -IP Addr 2 | -Entity ID (FQDN): |
| | -TCP Port 1 | | -TCP Port 2 | "gtwy1.example.com" |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ -Protocol: iFCP |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +---------------+ +----------------------+ |
| +-----+ +---------------+ +-------------+ +------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +----+ +------+ +----+ +------+ |
| |STORAGE NODE | |STORAGE NODE | |STORAGE NODE | |
| | -WWPN 1 | | -WWPN 2 | | -WWPN 3 | |
| | -Port ID 1 | | -Port ID 2 | | -Port ID 3 | |
| | -FWWN 1 | | -FWWN 2 | | -FWWN 3 | |
| | -FC COS | | -FC COS | | -FC COS | |
| +------+------+ +-------+-----+ +----+--------+ |
+--------|-------------------|------------|--------------+
| | |
+------+------+ +---+------------+---+
| FC DEVICE | | FC DEVICE |
| -WWNN 1 | | -WWNN 2 |
| | | |
+-------------+ +--------------------+
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
| iSCSI Target Device | iSNS Server |Management Station |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
|Discover iSNS--SLP------->| |/*mgmt station is |
| |<--SLP--iSNS Here:| administratively |
| | 192.0.2.100 | authorized to view|
| | | all DDs. Device |
| DevAttrReg--------->| | NAMEabcd was |
|Src:(tag=32) "NAMEabcd" | | previously placed |
|Key: <none present> | | into DDabcd along |
|Oper Attrs: | | with devpdq and |
|tag=1: NULL | | devrst. |
|tag=2: "iSCSI" | | |
|tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | | |
|tag=17: 5001 | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEabcd" | | |
|tag=33: target | | |
|tag=34: "disk 1" | | |
| |<---DevAttrRegRsp | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Key:(tag=1) "isns:0001" |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=1: "isns:0001"| |
| |tag=2: "iSCSI" | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"|/* previously |
| |tag=33: target | placed in a DD */ |
| |tag=34: "disk 1" | |
| | | |
| | SCN-------->| |
| |(or SNMP notification) |
| |dest:(tag=32):"MGMTname1" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: "MGT-SCN, OBJ-ADD" |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| | |<-------SCNRsp |
| DevAttrQry--------->| | |
|Src:(tag=32) "NAMEabcd" | | |
|Key:(tag=33) "initiator" | | |
|Oper Attrs: | | |
|tag=16: NULL | | |
|tag=17: NULL | | |
|tag=32: NULL | | |
|/*Query asks for all initr| | |
|devices' IP address, port |<---DevAttrQryRsp | |
|number, and Name*/ |SUCCESS | |
| |tag=16:192.0.2.1 | |
| |tag=17:50000 | |
| |tag=32:"devpdq" | |
| |tag=16:192.0.2.2 | |
| |tag=17:50000 | |
| |tag=32:"devrst" | |
|/*************************| |<-----DevAttrQry |
|Our target "NAMEabcd" | |src: "MGMTname1" |
|discovers two initiators | key:(tag=32)"NAMEabcd"
|in shared DDs. It will | |Op Attrs: |
|accept iSCSI logins from | |tag=16: NULL |
|these two identified | |tag=17: NULL |
|initiators presented by | |tag=32: NULL |
|iSNS | | |
|*************************/| DevAttrQryRsp--->| |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
| iSCSI Target Device | iSNS Server |Management Station |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
|Discover iSNS--SLP--> | |/*mgmt station is |
| |<--SLP--iSNS Here:| administratively |
| | 192.0.2.100 | authorized to view|
| DevAttrReg--> | | all DDs */ |
|Src: | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEabcd" | | |
|Msg Key: | | |
|tag=1: "jbod1.example.com"| | |
|Oper Attrs: | | |
|tag=1: "jbod1.example.com"| | |
|tag=2: "iSCSI" | | |
|tag=16: 192.0.2.4 | | |
|tag=17: 5001 | | |
|tag=19: 5 | | |
|tag=20: 5002 | | |
|tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | | |
|tag=17: 5001 | | |
|tag=19: 5 | | |
|tag=20: 5002 | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEabcd" | | |
|tag=33: "Target" | | |
|tag=34: "Storage Array 1" | | |
|tag=51: 10 | | |
|tag=49: 192.0.2.4 | | |
|tag=50: 5001 | | |
|tag=49: 192.0.2.5 | | |
|tag=50: 5001 | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEefgh" | | |
|tag=33: "Target" | | |
|tag=34: "Storage Array 2" |/*****************| |
|tag=51: 20 |jbod1.example.com is |
|tag=49: 192.0.2.4 |now registered in | |
|tag=50: 5001 |iSNS, but is not | |
|tag=51: 30 |in any DD. Therefore, |
|tag=49: 192.0.2.5 |no other devices | |
|tag=50: 5001 |can "see" it. | |
| |*****************/| |
| |<--DevAttrRegRsp | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=1: "jbod1.example.com" |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=1: "jbod1.example.com" |
| |tag=2: "iSCSI" | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=19: 5 | |
| |tag=20: 5002 | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=19: 5 | |
| |tag=20: 5002 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=33: "Target" | |
| |tag=34: "Storage Array 1" |
| |tag=48: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 10 | |
| |tag=48: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 10 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEefgh"| |
| |tag=33: "Target" | |
| |tag=34: "Storage Array 2" |
| |tag=43: X.509 cert| |
| |tag=48: "NAMEefgh"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 20 | |
| |tag=48: "NAMEefgh"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 30 | |
| | | |
| | SCN------> | |
| | (or SNMP notification) |
| |dest:(tag=32)"mgmt.example.com" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: "MGT-SCN, OBJ-ADD" |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=35: "MGT-SCN, OBJ-ADD" |
| |tag=32: "NAMEefgh"| |
| | |<--SCNRsp |
| | |SUCCESS |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"|
| | | |
| | |<--DevAttrQry |
| | |Src: |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| | |Msg Key: |
| | |tag=32: "NAMEabcd" |
| | |Oper Attrs: |
| | |tag=16: <0-length> |
| | |tag=17: <0-length> |
| | |tag=32: <0-length> |
| | | |
| | DevAttrQryRsp--> | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32:"NAMEabcd" | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32:"NAMEabcd" | |
| | |Src: |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| | |Msg Key: |
| | |tag=32: "NAMEefgh" |
| | |Oper Attrs: |
| | |tag=16: <0-length> |
| | |tag=17: <0-length> |
| | |tag=32: <0-length> |
| | | |
| | DevAttrQryRsp--> | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEefgh"| |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32:"NAMEefgh" | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 |/**Mgmt Station ***|
| |tag=17: 5001 |displays device, |
| |tag=32:"NAMEefgh" |the operator decides
| | |to place "NAMEabcd"|
| | |into Domain "DDxyz"|
|/*************************| |******************/|
|Target is now registered | | |
|in iSNS. It is then placed| |<--DDReg |
|in a pre-existing DD with | |Src: |
|DD_ID 123 by a management | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
|station. | |Msg Key: |
|*************************/| |tag=2065: 123 |
| | |Oper Attrs: |
| | |tag=2068: "NAMEabcd"
| | DDRegRsp-----> | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=2065: 123 | |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=2065: 123 | |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
| iSCSI Initiator | iSNS |Management Station |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
|Discover iSNS--SLP--> | |/*mgmt station is |
| |<--SLP--iSNS Here:| administratively |
| | 192.36.53.1 | authorized to view|
|DevAttrReg--> | | all DDs ********/ |
|Src: | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEijkl" | | |
|Msg Key: | | |
|tag=1: "svr1.example.com" | | |
|Oper Attrs: | | |
|tag=1: "svr1.example.com" | | |
|tag=2: "iSCSI" | | |
|tag=16: 192.20.3.1 |/*****************| |
|tag=17: 5001 |Device not in any | |
|tag=19: 5 |DD, so it is | |
|tag=20: 5002 |inaccessible by | |
|tag=32: "NAMEijkl" |other devices | |
|tag=33: "Initiator" |*****************/| |
|tag=34: "Server1" | | |
|tag=51: 11 | | |
|tag=49: 192.20.3.1 | | |
|tag=50: 5001 | | |
| |<--DevAttrRegRsp | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=1: "svr1.example.com" |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=1: "svr1.example.com" |
| |tag=2: "iSCSI" | |
| |tag=16: 192.20.3.1| |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=19: 5 | |
| |tag=20: 5002 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEijkl"| |
| |tag=33: "Initiator" |
| |tag=34: "Server1" | |
| |tag=48: "NAMEijkl"| |
| |tag=49: 192.20.3.1| |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 11 | |
| | | |
| | SCN------> | |
| | (or SNMP notification) |
| |dest:(tag=32)"mgmt.example.com" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: "MGT-SCN, OBJ-ADD" |
| |tag=32: "NAMEijkl"| |
| | | |
| | |<------SCNRsp |
| | |SUCCESS |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| | | |
|SCNReg--> | | |
|Src: | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEijkl" | | |
|Msg Key: | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEijkl" | | |
|Oper Attrs: | | |
|tag=35: <TARG&SELF, OBJ-RMV/ADD/UPD> | |
| |<--SCNRegRsp | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| | | |
| | |<----DevAttrQry |
| | |Src: |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| | |Msg Key: |
| | |tag=32: "NAMEijkl" |
| | |Oper Attrs: |
| | |tag=16: <0-length> |
| | |tag=17: <0-length> |
| | |tag=32: <0-length> |
| | DevAttrQryRsp--->| |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEijkl"| |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=16:192.20.3.1 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32:"NAMEijkl" | |
| | |/**Mgmt Station ***|
| | |displays device, the
| | |operator decides to|
| | |place "NAMEijkl" into
| | |pre-existing Disc |
| | |Domain "DDxyz" with|
| | |device NAMEabcd |
| | |******************/|
| | |<--DDReg |
| | |Src: |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| | |Msg Key: |
| | |tag=2065: 123 |
| | |Oper Attrs: |
| | |tag=2068: "NAMEijkl"
| | | |
| | DDRegRsp---->| |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=2065: 123 | |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=2065: 123 |/******************|
| | |"NAMEijkl" has been|
| | |moved to "DDxyz" |
| | |******************/|
| | SCN------>| |
| |dest:(tag=32)"mgmt.example.com" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: <MGT-SCN, DD/DDS-MBR-ADD> |
| |tag=2065: 123 | |
| |tag=2068: "NAMEijkl" |
| | | |
| | |<------SCNRsp |
| | |SUCCESS |
| | tag=32:"mgmt.example.com"
| |<-----SCN | |
| |dest:(tag=32)"NAMEijkl" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: <TARG&SELF, OBJ-ADD> |
| |tag=32: "NAMEijkl"| |
| SCNRsp------> | | |
|SUCCESS | | |
|tag=32:"NAMEijkl" | | |
| | | |
| |/*****************| |
| |Note that NAMEabcd| |
| |also receives an | |
| |SCN that NAMEijkl | |
| |is in the same DD | |
| |*****************/| |
| (to "NAMEabcd")|<-----SCN | |
| |dest:(tag=32)"NAMEabcd" |
| |time:(tag=4): <current time> |
| |tag=35: <INIT&SELF, OBJ-ADD> |
| |tag=32: "NAMEijkl"| |
| SCNRsp------> | | |
|SUCCESS | | |
|tag=32:"NAMEabcd" | | |
| | | |
| DevAttrQry----------->| | |
|Src: | | |
|tag=32: "NAMEijkl" | | |
|Msg Key: | | |
|tag=33: "Target" | | |
|Oper Attrs: | | |
|tag=16: <0-length> | | |
|tag=17: <0-length> | | |
|tag=32: <0-length> | | |
|tag=34: <0-length> | | |
|tag=43: <0-length> | | |
|tag=48: <0-length> | | |
|tag=49: <0-length> | | |
|tag=50: <0-length> | | |
|tag=51: <0-length> | | |
| |<--DevAttrQryRsp | |
| |SUCCESS | |
| |Msg Key: | |
| |tag=33:"Target" | |
| |Oper Attrs: | |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=34: "Storage Array 1" |
| |tag=16: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=17: 5001 | |
| |tag=32: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=34: "Storage Array 1" |
| |tag=43: X.509 cert| |
| |tag=48: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.4 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 10 | |
| |tag=48: "NAMEabcd"| |
| |tag=49: 192.0.2.5 | |
| |tag=50: 5001 | |
| |tag=51: 10 | |
| | | |
|/***The initiator has discovered | |
|the target, and has everything | |
|needed to complete iSCSI login | |
|The same process occurs on the | |
|target side; the SCN prompts the | |
|target to download the list of | |
|authorized initiators from the | |
|iSNS (i.e., those initiators in the | |
|same DD as the target.************/ | |
+--------------------------+------------------+-------------------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC | | FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device |<-------->| Device | | Device |
|........| |........| |........| |........|
| N_PORT | | N_PORT | | N_PORT | | N_PORT |
+---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ +----+---+
| | | |
+---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ +----+---+
| Fabric | | Fabric | | Fabric | | Fabric |
| Port | | Port | | Port | | Port |
+========+===+========+==========+========+==+========+
| Fabric |
| & |
| Fabric Services |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
Bit 0 7 8 15 16 23
+-----------+------------+----------+
| Domain ID | Area ID | Port ID |
+-----------+------------+----------+
Fibre Channel Network
+--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device |
|........| FC |........| Fibre Channel
| N_PORT |<......>| N_PORT | Device Domain
+---+----+ Traffic+----+---+ ^
| | |
+---+----+ +----+---+ |
| Fabric | | Fabric | |
| Port | | Port | |
==========+========+========+========+==============
| FC Network & | |
| Fabric Services | v
| | Fibre Channel
+--------------------------+ Network Domain
Gateway Region Gateway Region
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC | | FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device | | Device | | Device | Fibre
|........| |........| FC |........| |........| Channel
| N_PORT | | N_PORT |<.........>| N_PORT | | N_PORT | Device
+---+----+ +---+----+ Traffic +----+---+ +----+---+ Domain
| | | | ^
+---+----+ +---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ |
| F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | |
=+========+==+========+===========+========+==+========+==========
| iFCP Layer |<--------->| iFCP Layer | |
|....................| ^ |....................| |
| iFCP Portal | | | iFCP Portal | v
+--------+-----------+ | +----------+---------+ IP
iFCP|Gateway Control iFCP|Gateway Network
| Data |
| |
| |
|<------Encapsulated Frames------->|
| +------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ IP Network +--------+
| |
+------------------+
|------------------------Bit----------------------------|
| |
| 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| Reserved | SES | TRP | SPC |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|------------------------Bit--------------------------|
| |
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 |
+--------------------------------------------+--------+
| Reserved | CRCV |
+--------------------------------------------+--------+
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 ... 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| RESERVED | if| tf| is| ts| C | E |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Service +-------------+ : +----------+
Management | Service |<------------------:----->| Customer |
Layer | Manager | : | Agent |
+-------------+ : +----------+
- - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network | +------------+ :
Management | | Provider | :
Layer | | Network | Customer
+------>| Manager | Interface
+------------+ :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network Element | :
Management | +------+ : +------+
Layer | | | : | CE |
+->| PE | : |device|
|device| : | of |
| |--:--|VPN A|
+------+ : +------+
---------------------------------------------->:<----------------
SP network : Customer Network
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Service +-------------+ : +----------+
Management | Service |<------------------:----->| Customer |
Layer | Manager | : | Agent |
+-------------+ : +----------+
- - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network | +------------+ :
Management | | Provider | :
Layer | | Network | Customer
+------>| Manager | Interface
+------------+ :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -^- - - -^- - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network Element | +-------:---------------+
Management | +------+ : +------+ |
Layer | | | : | CE | |
+---->| PE | : |device|<----+
|device| : | of |
| |--:--|VPN A|
+------+ : +------+
---------------------------------------------->:<----------------
SP network : Customer Network
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Service +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| Management | VPN Offering| | VPN Order | |
| | Management | | Management | |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | VPN | | VPN-based | |
| | Assurance | | SLS Management | |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
+------+
|remote|
| host |
| R |
+------+
|
+ - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Internet Connectivity |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - +
/ \
+---------+ +---------+
| ISP A | | ISP B |
+---------+ +---------+
| Path A | Path B
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| multi- | | |
homed +------+ +------+
| site | site-| | site-| |
| exit | | exit |
| |router| |router| |
| A | | B |
| +------+ +------+ |
| |
| local site connectivity |
|
| +-----------+ |
|multi-homed|
| | host | |
+-----------+
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
Sampling rate Frame duration
_____________________________________
48 kHz 32 ms
44.1 kHz approx. 34.83 ms
32 kHz 48 ms
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start (AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start (AT_NONCE_MT, AT_SELECTED_VERSION)|
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Challenge (AT_RAND, AT_MAC) |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
+-------------------------------------+ |
| Peer runs GSM algorithms, verifies | |
| AT_MAC and derives session keys | |
+-------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Challenge (AT_MAC) |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP-Success |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have a |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-SIM |
| +------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have a |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-SIM |
| +------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY containing a fast re-auth. identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have a |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-SIM |
| +------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY containing a fast re-auth. identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not recognize |
| | The fast re-auth. |
| | Identity |
| +------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_FULLAUTH_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY with a full-auth. identity, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes a pseudonym) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server fails to map the |
| | Pseudonym to a permanent id. |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have a |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-SIM |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
|EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
|(AT_IDENTITY with a pseudonym identity, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +-------------------------------+
| | Server fails to map the |
| | Pseudonym in AT_IDENTITY |
| | to a valid permanent identity |
| +-------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity, |
| AT_NONCE_MT, AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have a |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-SIM |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (Includes AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY with fast re-auth. identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not accept |
| | The fast re-auth. |
| | Identity |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_FULLAUTH_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
: :
: :
: :
: :
|EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
|(AT_IDENTITY with a pseudonym identity, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| +-------------------------------+
| | Server fails to map the |
| | Pseudonym in AT_IDENTITY |
| | to a valid permanent identity |
| +-------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity, AT_NONCE_MT, |
| AT_SELECTED_VERSION) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Figure 7: Three EAP-SIM Start rounds
Peer Authenticator
| |
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes a fast re-authentication identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| +--------------------------------+
| | Server recognizes the identity |
| | and agrees to use fast |
| | re-authentication |
| +--------------------------------+
| |
: :
: :
: :
: :
| EAP-Request/SIM/Re-authentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER, |
| *AT_NONCE_S, *AT_NEXT_REAUTH_ID, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| Peer verifies AT_MAC and the freshness of | |
| the counter. Peer MAY store the new fast re- | |
| authentication identity for next re-auth. | |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Re-authentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER with same value, |
| AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +--------------------------------+
| | Server verifies AT_MAC and |
| | the counter |
| +--------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Success |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Start |
| (AT_IDENTITY) |
| (Includes a fast re-authentication identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Re-authentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER, |
| *AT_NONCE_S, *AT_NEXT_REAUTH_ID, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| AT_MAC is valid but the counter is not fresh. | |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| EAP-Response/SIM/Re-authentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER_TOO_SMALL, |
| *AT_COUNTER, AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +----------------------------------------------+
| | Server verifies AT_MAC but detects |
| | That peer has included AT_COUNTER_TOO_SMALL |
| +----------------------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Request/SIM/Start |
| (AT_VERSION_LIST) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Normal full authentication follows. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes user's NAI) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server runs AKA algorithms, |
| | generates RAND and AUTN. |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RAND, AT_AUTN, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-------------------------------------+ |
| Peer runs AKA algorithms, | |
| verifies AUTN and MAC, derives RES | |
| and session key | |
+-------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RES, AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +--------------------------------+
| | Server checks the given RES, |
| | and MAC and finds them correct.|
| +--------------------------------+
| EAP-Success |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes user's NAI) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server runs AKA algorithms, |
| | generates RAND and AUTN. |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RAND, AT_AUTN, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-------------------------------------+ |
| Peer runs AKA algorithms, | |
| possibly verifies AUTN, and sends an| |
| invalid response | |
+-------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RES, AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------------------+
| | Server checks the given RES and the MAC, |
| | and finds one of them incorrect. |
| +------------------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Notification |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/AKA-Notification |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| EAP-Failure |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes user's NAI) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server runs AKA algorithms, |
| | generates RAND and a bad AUTN|
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RAND, AT_AUTN, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-------------------------------------+ |
| Peer runs AKA algorithms | |
| and discovers AUTN that can not be | |
| verified | |
+-------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Authentication-Reject |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| EAP-Failure |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes user's NAI) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server runs AKA algorithms, |
| | generates RAND and AUTN. |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Challenge |
| (AT_RAND, AT_AUTN, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-------------------------------------+ |
| Peer runs AKA algorithms | |
| and discovers AUTN that contains an | |
| inappropriate sequence number | |
+-------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Synchronization-Failure |
| (AT_AUTS) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +---------------------------+
| | Perform resynchronization |
| | Using AUTS and |
| | the sent RAND |
| +---------------------------+
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have any |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-AKA |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Figure 5: Usage of AT_ANY_ID_REQ
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have any |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-AKA |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY containing a fast re-auth. identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not recognize |
| | The fast re-auth. |
| | Identity |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_FULLAUTH_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY with a full-auth. Identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes a pseudonym) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server fails to decode the |
| | Pseudonym. |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have any |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-AKA |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
|EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
|(AT_IDENTITY with a pseudonym identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server fails to decode the |
| | Pseudonym in AT_IDENTITY |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not have any |
| | Subscriber identity available|
| | When starting EAP-AKA |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY with fast re-auth. identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server does not accept |
| | The fast re-authentication |
| | Identity |
| +------------------------------+
| |
: :
: :
: :
: :
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_FULLAUTH_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
|EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
|(AT_IDENTITY with a pseudonym identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +------------------------------+
| | Server fails to decode the |
| | Pseudonym in AT_IDENTITY |
| +------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_PERMANENT_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY with permanent identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| |
| EAP-Request/Identity |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/Identity |
| (Includes a fast re-authentication identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +--------------------------------+
| | Server recognizes the identity |
| | and agrees on using fast |
| | re-authentication |
| +--------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Reauthentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER, |
| *AT_NONCE_S, *AT_NEXT_REAUTH_ID, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
: :
: :
: :
: :
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| Peer verifies AT_MAC and the freshness of | |
| the counter. Peer MAY store the new re- | |
| authentication identity for next re-auth. | |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Reauthentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER with same value, |
| AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +--------------------------------+
| | Server verifies AT_MAC and |
| | the counter |
| +--------------------------------+
| EAP-Success |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Peer Authenticator
| EAP-Request/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Identity |
| (AT_IDENTITY) |
| (Includes a fast re-authentication identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| EAP-Request/AKA-Reauthentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER, |
| *AT_NONCE_S, *AT_NEXT_REAUTH_ID, AT_MAC) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| AT_MAC is valid but the counter is not fresh. | |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| EAP-Response/AKA-Reauthentication |
| (AT_IV, AT_ENCR_DATA, *AT_COUNTER_TOO_SMALL, |
| *AT_COUNTER, AT_MAC) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| +----------------------------------------------+
| | Server verifies AT_MAC but detects |
| | That peer has included AT_COUNTER_TOO_SMALL|
| +----------------------------------------------+
| EAP-Request/AKA-Challenge |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Normal full authentication follows. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
Home network
+---------------------+
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
User #1-----| | C |-----| [C] |-----| [C] |-----| C |-----User #2
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
| UA #1 Proxy #1 | Proxy #2 UA #2
+---------------------+
Home network
+---------------------+
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
User #1-----| | C |-----| C |-----| [C] |-----| C |----- User #2
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
| UA #1 Proxy #1 | Proxy #2 UA #2
+---------------------+
Visited network
+---------------------+
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
User #1 -- | | C |-----| [C] |-----| C |-----| [C] |-----| C |
| +-----+ +-----+ | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| UA #1 Proxy A | Proxy #1 Proxy #2 UA #2
+---------------------+
Legacy Next Generation Next Generation
Carrier Carrier Carrier
******* *************** **************
* * * * ISUP * *
SW<--->SW <-----> SG <---IP---> SG <--IAM--> SG <---IP---> SG
* * (SS7) * (SIP) * (SS7) * (SIP) *
******* *************** **************
Legacy Next Generation Next Generation
Carrier Carrier Carrier
******* *************** **************
* * * * * *
SW<--->SW <-----> SG <---IP---> SG <--IP--> SG <---IP---> SG
* * (SS7) * (SIP) * (SIP) * (SIP) *
******* *************** **************
| 7 bits |1| 40 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+--------+-+------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| Prefix |L| Global ID | Subnet ID | Interface ID |
+--------+-+------------+-----------+----------------------------+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (16 octets) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length, a multiple of 16 octets) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------+ +---------------+
| PE1 | | PE2 |
K | +--+ | | +--+ | G
| | | J| | | | H| | |
v | v | | | v | | v
+---+ | +-+ +-+ +-+ | +--+ +--+ | +-+ +-+ +-+ | +---+
| | | |P| |D| |P| | | | | | | |P| |E| |P| | | |
| |<===|h|<:|e|<:|h|<:::| |<::| |<:::|h|<:|n|<=|h|<===| |
| | | |y| |c| |y| | | | | | | |y| |c| |y| | | |
| C | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | C |
| E | | | |S1| |S2| | | | E |
| 1 | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | | | | | +-+ +-+ +-+ | | 2 |
| | | |P| |E| |P| | | | | | | |P| |D| |P| | | |
| |===>|h|=>|n|:>|h|:::>| |::>| |:::>|h|:>|e|=>|h|===>| |
| | | |y| |c| |y| | | | | | | |y| |c| |y| | | |
+---+ | +-+ +-+ +-+ | +--+ +--+ | +-+ +-+ +-+ | +---+
^ ^ | | ^ | | | ^ | ^ ^
| | | |B | |<------+------>| | | | | |
| A | +--+ | | | +--+-E | F |
| +---------------+ +-+ +---------------+ |
| ^ |I| ^ |
| | +-+ | |
| C D |
+-----------------------------L-----------------------------+
_______
| |
/|___| |
| |___| PXC |
========| |___| |
| |___| |
\| |_______|
DWDM
(SDH framed)
_______
| |
/|___| |
| |___| PXC |
========| |___| |
| |___| |
\| |_______|
DWDM (transparent to bit-rate and framing)
_______
| |
/|| ||\
| || OXC || |
========| || || |====
| || || |
\||_______||/
DWDM
(SDH framed)
_______
| |
/|| ||\
| || OXC || |
========| || || |====
| || || |
\||_______||/
DWDM (transparent to bit-rate and framing)
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
+ + + +
+ Node A +<-------- c --------->+ Node B +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ 1 +--------------------->+ 10 +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ 2 + /---->+ 11 +
+ + /----/ + +
+ + /---/ + +
+ 3 +----/ + 12 +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ 4 +--------------------->+ 14 +
+ + + +
+---------------------+ +---------------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ Node1 + + Node2 + + Node3 + + Node4 +
+ +-- c ---+ +-- c ---+ +-- c ---+ +
----+---\ + + + + + + +
<---+---\\--+--------+-------+---\ + + + /--+--->
+ \--+--------+-------+---\\---+-------+---##---+---//--+----
+ + + + \---+-------+--------+---/ +
+ + + + + + (a) + +
----+-------+--------+---\ + + + + +
<---+-------+--------+---\\--+---##---+--\ + + +
+ + + \--+---##---+--\\ + + +
+ + + + (b) + \\--+--------+-------+--->
+ + + + + \--+--------+-------+----
+ + + + + + + +
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+--------+
+----------------->| |<--------------+
| +--------->| Down |<----------+ |
| |+---------| |<-------+ | |
| || +--------+ | | |
| || | ^ 2,9| 2| 2|
| ||1b 1a| | | | |
| || v |2,9 | | |
| || +--------+ | | |
| || +->| |<------+| | |
| || 4,7,| |ConfSnd | || | |
| || 14,15+--| |<----+ || | |
| || +--------+ | || | |
| || 3,8a| | | || | |
| || +---------+ |8b 14,12a| || | |
| || | v | || | |
| |+-|------>+--------+ | || | |
| | | +->| |-----|-|+ | |
| | |6,14| |ConfRcv | | | | |
| | | +--| |<--+ | | | |
| | | +--------+ | | | | |
| | | 5| ^ | | | | |
| | +---------+ | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | v v |6,12b | | | | |
| |10 +--------+ | | | | |
| +----------| | | | | | |
| | +--| Active |---|-+ | | |
10,17| | 5,16| | |-------|---+ |
+-------+ 9 | 13 +->| | | | |
| Going |<--|----------+--------+ | | |
| Down | | 11| ^ | | |
+-------+ | | |5 | | |
^ | v | 6,12b| | |
|9 |10 +--------+ | |12a,14 |
| +----------| |---+ | |
| | Up |-------+ |
+------------------| |---------------+
+--------+
| ^
| |
+---+
11,13,16
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
| | ----- | | | | ----- | |
| OXC1 | ----- | OLS1 | ===== | OLS2 | ----- | OXC2 |
| | ----- | | | | ----- | |
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
^ ^
| |
+---------------------LMP---------------------+
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
| | ----- | | | | ----- | |
| OXC1 | ----- | OLS1 | ===== | OLS2 | ----- | OXC2 |
| | ----- | | | | ----- | |
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | |
| +-----LMP-----+ +-----LMP-----+ |
| |
+----------------------LMP-----------------------+
+---+ cert. publish +------------+ j
| | <--------------------- | End Entity | <-------
| C | g +------------+ "out-of-band"
| e | | ^ loading
| r | | | initial
| t | a | | b registration/
| | | | certification
| / | | | key pair recovery
| | | | key pair update
| C | | | certificate update
| R | PKI "USERS" V | revocation request
| L | -------------------+-+-----+-+------+-+-------------------
| | PKI MANAGEMENT | ^ | ^
| | ENTITIES a | | b a | | b
| R | V | | |
| e | g +------+ d | |
| p | <------------ | RA | <-----+ | |
| o | cert. | | ----+ | | |
| s | publish +------+ c | | | |
| i | | | | |
| t | V | V |
| o | g +------------+ i
| r | <------------------------| CA |------->
| y | h +------------+ "out-of-band"
| | cert. publish | ^ publication
| | CRL publish | |
+---+ | | cross-certification
e | | f cross-certificate
| | update
| |
V |
+------+
| CA-2 |
+------+
EE RA CA
---- req ---->
<--- chall ---
---- resp --->
---- req' --->
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<--- ack -----
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
<--- ack -----
EE RA CA
---- req ---->
<--- chall ---
---- resp --->
---- req' --->
<--- rep -----
<--- rep -----
---- conf --->
---- conf --->
<--- ack -----
<--- ack -----
START
|
v
Send ir
| ip
v
Check status
of returned <------------------------+
certs |
| |
+------------------------>|<------------------+ |
| | | |
| (issued) v (waiting) | |
Add to <----------- Check CertResponse ------> Add to |
conf list for each certificate pending list |
/ |
/ |
(conf list) / (empty conf list) |
/ ip |
/ +----------------+
(empty pending list) / | pRep
END <---- Send certConf Send pReq------------>Wait
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +---------------+
(pending list)
|0 1|1 3|3 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 3|
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------+
|000000ug00000000|0101111011111110|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+--------------------------------+
+-------------------------------+ +------------+
| +------+ | | +--------+ |
| |S-CSCF|---| |SIP Serv| |\
| | +------+ | | +--------+ | \ --------
+-|+ | / | | | | | |
| | | +------+ +------+ | | + | -| |-
| |-|-|P-CSCF|--------|I-CSCF| | | | | | () |
| | +------+ +------+ | |+----------+| / ------
| |-----------------------------------|| TrGW ||/
+--+ | IPv6 | |+----------+| IPv4
UE | | |Interworking|
| IP Multimedia CN Subsystem | |Unit |
+-------------------------------+ +------------+
<===========Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel===========>
----- -----
________|ASBR |___Inter-AS___|ASBR |________
| | RTR | Link | RTR | |
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
|SP1 |_Inter-AS_| SP2 | | SP1 |
|VPoP| Link |P/PE | |P/PE |
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
|________|ASBR |___Inter-AS___|ASBR |________|
| RTR | Link | RTR |
----- -----
<=================Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel======================>
+-SP1 AS1-+ +---SP2 AS2-----+ +------SP1 AS1------+
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
| CE |_____Local___| SP2 |___|ASBR |___Inter-AS___|ASBR |___|SP1 |
| | Loop | PE | | RTR | Link | RTR | |PE |
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
| CE |____Local_____| SP2 |___|ASBR |___Inter-AS___|ASBR |___|SP1 |
| | Loop | PE | | RTR | Link | RTR | |PE |
---- ----- ----- ----- -----
--- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---
|CE1|_____| SP2 |___|ASBR |__Inter-AS__|ASBR |____| SP1 |_____|CE2|
| | | PE | | RTR | Link | RTR | | PE | | |
--- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---
--- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---
|CE1|______| SP1 |_____|SP1 |____|SP1 |____| SP1 |_________|CE2|
| | | PE1 | |P1 | |P2 | | PE2 | | |
--- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---
<===================Inter-AS MPLS Tunnel=============>
-------- -------- --------
| |_______________| |____________| |
| SP1 |_______________| SP1 |____________| SP1 |
| AS1 |_______________| AS2 |____________| AS3 |
| | | | | |
-------- -------- --------
|| ||
|| --------- ||
||___________________| SP1 |________________||
|____________________| AS4 |_________________|
| |
---------
<===================Inter-AS MPLS DS-TE Tunnel=============>
---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----
| PE |__| P |___|ASBR |___Inter-AS___|ASBR |___|P |___|PE |
| RTR| | RTR | | RTR | Link | RTR | |RTR | |RTR |
---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----
+------------SP1 AS1---------+ +------------SP1 AS2------+
<===========Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel=======>
[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ---- ---- ] [ ---- ---- ] [ ---- ---- ]
[ |P/PE|__|ASBR|]_Inter-AS_[|ASBR|.|ASBR|]_Inter-AS_[|ASBR| |P/PE|]
[ |RTR | |RTR |] Link [|RTR | |RTR |] Link [|RTR | |RTR |]
[ ---- ---- ] [ ---- ---- ] [ ---- ---- ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
<================Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel=====================>
+SP1 Regional ASx+ +Transit SP2 AS2,etc...SPi ASi+ +------SP1 AS1-+
<===========Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel=======>
+----------------------------SP1 AS1-----------------------------+
[ ]
[ ---- ---- ---- ---- ]
[ |P/PE|__|ASBR|__________Primary Intera-AS________|P | |PE |]
[ |RTR | |RTR | Link |RTR | |RTR |]
[ ---- ---- ---- ---- ]
[ | | ]
[ ---- ---- ]
[ |ASBR| |ASBR| ]
[ |RTR | |RTR | ]
[ ---- ---- ]
^ | | ^
| | | |
| | [ ] | |
| | [ ---- ---- ] | |
| |__ Inter-AS_[|ASBR|..|ASBR|]_Inter-AS_| |
| Link [|RTR | |RTR |] Link |
| [ ---- ---- ] |
| [ ] |
| |
+======Backup Inter-AS MPLS TE Tunnel======+
+Transit SP2 AS2,SP3 AS3,etc....SPi ASi+
socket()
bind()
socket()
connect() ----------------------------------------------> accept()
<---------------------------------------------- 220
AUTH TLS ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 234
TLSneg() <----------------------------------------------> TLSneg()
PBSZ 0 ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
PROT P ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
USER fred ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 331
PASS pass ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 230
socket()
bind()
socket()
connect() ----------------------------------------------> accept()
<---------------------------------------------- 220
AUTH TLS ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 234
TLSneg() <----------------------------------------------> TLSneg()
PBSZ 0 ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
PROT P ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
USER fred ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 232
socket()
bind()
socket()
connect() ----------------------------------------------> accept()
<---------------------------------------------- 220
AUTH TLS ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 234
TLSneg() <----------------------------------------------> TLSneg()
PBSZ 0 ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
PROT P ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
USER fred ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 232
CCC ---------------------------------------------->
<---------------------------------------------- 200
TLSshutdown() <-------------------------------------> TLSshutdown()
socket()
bind()
PORT w,x,y,z,a,b ----------------------------------------->
<----------------------------------------------------- 200
STOR file ------------------------------------------------>
socket()
bind()
<----------------------------------------------------- 150
accept() <----------- connect()
write() -----------> read()
close() -----------> close()
<----------------------------------------------------- 226
PASV -------------------------------------------------------->
socket()
bind()
<------------------------------------------ 227 (w,x,y,z,a,b)
socket()
STOR file --------------------------------------------------->
connect() ----------> accept()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 150
write() ----------> read()
close() ----------> close()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 226
socket()
bind()
PORT w,x,y,z,a,b -------------------------------------------->
<-------------------------------------------------------- 200
STOR file --------------------------------------------------->
socket()
bind()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 150
accept() <---------- connect()
TLSneg() <----------> TLSneg()
TLSwrite() ----------> TLSread()
TLSshutdown() -------> TLSshutdown()
close() ----------> close()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 226
PASV -------------------------------------------------------->
socket()
bind()
<------------------------------------------ 227 (w,x,y,z,a,b)
socket()
STOR file --------------------------------------------------->
connect() ----------> accept()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 150
TLSneg() <---------> TLSneg()
TLSwrite() ---------> TLSread()
TLSshutdown() -------> TLSshutdown()
close() ---------> close()
<-------------------------------------------------------- 226
----- ----- -----
| A |--------| Y |--------| B |
----- ----- -----
/
/
/
/
/
/
-----
| X |
-----
----- ----- -----
| A |--------| Y |--------| B |
----- ----- -----
/
/
/
/
/
/
----- -----
| C |-------| X |
----- -----
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MPLS interface ifType = mpls(166) |
| ifIndex = 1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TE link (bundled link) ifType = teLink(200) |
| ifIndex = 2 |
+--------------------------------+-+--------------------------------+
| TE link ifType = teLink(200) | | TE link ifType = teLink(200) |
| ifIndex = 3 | | ifIndex = 4 |
+--------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+
| Component link | | Component link |
| ifType = opticalTransport(196) | | ifType = opticalTransport(196) |
| ifIndex = 5 | | ifIndex = 6 |
+--------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+
+-------> MPLS-TC-STD-MIB
| ^
| |
| MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB <------------------+
| |
+<----------------------- MPLS-LDP-STD-MIB -->+
| ^ |
| | |
+<-- MPLS-LDP-GENERIC-STD-MIB ------>+ |
| | |
+<-- MPLS-LDP-ATM-STD-MIB ---------->+ |
| | |
+<-- MPLS-LDP-FRAME-RELAY-STD-MIB -->+ |
| |
+<------- MPLS-TE-STD-MIB ------------------->+
| ^ |
| | |
+<------- MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB ------------------>+
mplsInterfacePerfTable
^
|
V
mplsInterfaceTable
^ ^
mplsInSegmentMapTable | | mplsLabelStackTable
| | | ^ |
| +----+ +----+ | |
| | | | |
| | external_Traffic_Table | | |
| | ^ ^ | | |
V | | | | | |
mplsInSegmentTable mplsOutSegmentTable |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ | |
| | | | | | V
+------+ | +----> mplsXCTable <----+ | +--+
| V V |
| mplsInSegmentPerfTable mplsOutSegmentPerfTable |
| |
+--------------> external_Label_Table <-------------+
mplsLdpEntityGenLRTable ------------->+
mplsLdpEntityAtmParmsTable ---------->+
mplsLdpEntityAtmLRTable ------------->+
mplsLdpEntityFrameRelayParmsTable --->+
mplsLdpEntityFrLRTable -------------->+
mplsLdpEntityStatsTable ------------->+
|
mplsLdpHelloAdjacencyTable |
| |
| mplsLdpEntityTable <--+
| ^ ^
V | |
mplsLdpPeerTable <-+- mplsLdpSesPeerAddrTable
^ |
| V
mplsLdpSessionTable
^ ^
| |
mplsLdpSesStatsTable ------+ +-- mplsLdpLspFecTable
mplsLdpAtmSesTable --------+ | | |
mplsLdpFrameRelaySesTable--+ | | V
| | mplsFecTable
| V
+-- mplsLdpLspTable
mplsTunnelPerfTable
^
|
V
mplsTunnelTable
| |
V |
mplsTunnelResourceTable +--> mplsTunnelHopTable
^ |
| +--> mplsTunnelCHopTable
V |
mplsTunnelCRLDPResTable +--> mplsTunnelARHopTable
teLinkTable
^
|
teLinkDescriptorTable ---+
|
teLinkSrlgTable ---------+
|
teLinkBandwidthTable ----+
componentLinkTable
^
|
componentLinkDescriptorTable ---+
|
componentLinkBandwidthTable ----+
mplsLsrXCTable mplsLsrInSegmentTable
^ ^
| |
+---- mplsLdpLspTable
| |
mplsTunnelTable ------+ V
^ | mplsLsrOutSegmentTable
| |
mplsFTNTable ---------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| MPLS interface ifType = mpls(166) |
| ifIndex = 1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TE link (bundled link) ifType = teLink(200) |
| ifIndex = 2 |
+--------------------------------+-+--------------------------------+
| TE link ifType = teLink(200) | | TE link ifType = teLink(200) |
| ifIndex = 3 | | ifIndex = 4 |
+--------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+
| Component link | | Component link |
| ifType = opticalTransport(196) | | ifType = opticalTransport(196) |
| ifIndex = 5 | | ifIndex = 6 |
+--------------------------------+ +--------------------------------+
<--- interpretation interval (size is 2^k) ---->
|------------------+---------------------------|
Lower v_ref Upper
Bound Bound
<--- reordering --> <--------- losses --------->
max delta(SN) = p max delta(SN) = (2^k-1) - p
+---+ original +---+ new packet +---+
| B |<----------------| A |- - - - - - ->| C |
+---+ packet flow +---+ flow +---+
^
|
| False BU: B -> C
|
+----------+
| Attacker |
+----------+
+---+ +---+
| A | | B |
+---+ +---+
\ /
\ /
\ +----------+ /
\---------| Attacker |-------/
+----------+
+---+ original +---+ flooding packet +---+
| B |<================| A |==================>| C |
+---+ packet flow +---+ flow +---+
| ^
\ /
\__________________/
False binding update + false acknowledgements
+----------+ TCP SYN with HAO +-----------+
| Attacker |-------------------->| Reflector |
+----------+ +-----------+
|
| TCP SYN-ACK to HoA
V
+-----------+
| Flooding |
| target |
+-----------+
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Byte Number |
-------------------------------------------------------------
|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Byte Value |
-------------------------------------------------------------
|1f|86|98|69|0e|02|ca|16|61|85|50|ef|7f|19|da|8e|94|5b|55|5a|
-------------------------------***********----------------++|
/---> Post Now
/
Upload --> Check -+-----> Adjust ---> Send to Secretariat
\
\---> Cancel
(1) Message (including
+----------+ a Cookie) +----------+
| |-------------------------->| |
| Node A | | Node B |
| |<--------------------------| |
+----------+ Integrity Response +----------+
(2) Message (including
the Cookie and the
INTEGRITY object)
+--------+
| Policy |
+----|Decision|
| | Point +---+
| +--------+ |
| |
| |
+------+ +-+----+ +---+--+ +------+
|Client| |Router| |Router| |Client|
| A +-------+ 1 +--------+ 2 +----------+ B |
+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
AUTH_DATA +----+
+---------------------------------------------------+PDP +-+
| +----+ |
| |
| |
| COPS |
| INTEGRITY|
| |
| |
| |
+--+---+ RSVP INTEGRITY +----+ RSVP INTEGRITY +----+ |
|Client+-------------------+PEP1+----------------------+PEP2+-+
+--+---+ +----+ +-+--+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
POLICY_DATA INTEGRITY
+------+ +---------------+ +--------+ +-----+
| Host | | Security | | Router | | Host|
| A | | Gateway (SGW) | | Rx | | B |
+--+---+ +-------+-------+ +----+---+ +--+--+
| | | |
|IPsec-Data( | | |
| OuterSrc=A, | | |
| OuterDst=SGW, | | |
| SPI=SPI1, | | |
| InnerSrc=A, | | |
| InnerDst=B, | | |
| Protocol=X, |IPsec-Data( | |
| SrcPort=Y, | SrcIP=A, | |
| DstPort=Z) | DstIP=B, | |
|=====================>| Protocol=X, |IPsec-Data( |
| | SrcPort=Y, | SrcIP=A, |
| --IPsec protected-> | DstPort=Z) | DstIP=B, |
| data traffic |------------------>| Protocol=X, |
| | | SrcPort=Y, |
| | | DstPort=Z) |
| | |---------------->|
| | | |
| | --Unprotected data traffic---> |
| | | |
/---------------------------------------------------+
/ /------------------------------------------------|--+
/ / v |
/ / +----+ act+-----+ +-------+ -+--+-|+--+-
D chan1-------->|IID |-+ +-->| ASP |--->| Assoc | v
/ +----+ | +----+ | +-----+ +-------+ -+--+--+--+-
/ +->| AS |--+ Streams
/ +----+ | +----+ stb+-----+
D chan2-------->|IID |-+ | ASP |
+----+ +-----+
most least
significant significant
bit bit
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| SAPI | SPR | 0 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| TEI | 1 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
+--------------+
+----------------------| |
| Alternate +-------| ASP-ACTIVE |
| ASP | +--------------+
| Takeover | ^ |
| | ASP | | ASP Inactive /
| | Active | | ASP Up
| | | v
| | +--------------+
| | | |
| +------>| ASP-INACTIVE |
| +--------------+
| ^ |
ASP Down/ | ASP | | ASP Down /
SCTP CDI/ | Up | | SCTP CDI /
SCTP RI | | v SCTP RI
| +--------------+
+--------------------->| |
| ASP-DOWN |
+--------------+
SG ASP1
|
|<---------ASP Up----------|
|--------ASP Up Ack------->|
| |
|-----NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)--->|
| |
|<-------ASP Active--------|
|------ASP Active Ack----->|
| |
|------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)---->|
| |
SG ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<--------ASP Up----------| |
|-------ASP Up Ack------->| |
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)--->| |
| | |
|<-----------------------------ASP Up----------------|
|----------------------------ASP Up Ack------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<-------ASP Active-------| |
|-----ASP Active Ack----->| |
| | |
|-----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)---->| |
|----------------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)-------------->|
SG ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<---------ASP Up---------| |
|--------ASP Up Ack------>| |
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)--->| |
| | |
|<------------------------------ASP Up---------------|
|-----------------------------ASP Up Ack------------>|
| | |
| | |
|<--ASP Active (Ldshr)----| |
|----ASP Active Ack------>| |
| | |
|-----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)---->| |
|----------------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)-------------->|
| | |
|<----------------------------ASP Active (Ldshr)-----|
|-----------------------------ASP Active Ack-------->|
| | |
SG ASP1 ASP2 ASP3
| | | |
|<------ASP Up-------| | |
|-----ASP Up Ack---->| | |
| | | |
|-NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)->| | |
| | | |
|<--------------------------ASP Up-------| |
|-----------------------ASP Up Ack------>| |
| | | |
|<---------------------------------------------ASP Up--------|
|--------------------------------------------ASP Up Ack----->|
| | | |
| | | |
|<-ASP Act (Ldshr)---| | |
|----ASP Act Ack---->| | |
| | | |
|<---------------------ASP Act (Ldshr)---| |
|----------------------ASP Act Ack------>| |
| | | |
|--NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)-->| | |
|---------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)--------->| |
|------------------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)-------------------->|
SG ASP1
| |
| |
|<----ASP Active (IIDs 1-10)-----|
|---ASP Active Ack (IIDs 1-5)--->|
|-------Error (IIDs 6)---------->|
|-------Error (IIDs 7)---------->|
|-------Error (IIDs 8)---------->|
|-------Error (IIDs 9)---------->|
|-------Error (IIDs 10)--------->|
| |
SG ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<-----ASP Inactive-------| |
|----ASP Inactive Ack---->| |
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-Pending)---->| |
|-------------------NTFY(AS-Pending)---------------->|
| | |
|<------------------------------ ASP Active----------|
|-----------------------------ASP Active Ack)------->|
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)----->| |
|-------------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)----------------->|
SG ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<-------------------------------ASP Active----------|
|-----------------------------ASP Active Ack-------->|
|----NTFY( Alt ASP-Act)-->|
| | |
SG ASP1 ASP2 ASP3
| | | |
|<----ASP Inact------| | |
|---ASP Inact Ack--->| | |
| | | |
|---------------------------------NTFY(Ins. ASPs)----------->|
| | | |
|<-----------------------------------------ASP Act (Ldshr)---|
|-------------------------------------------ASP Act (Ack)--->|
| | | |
<----------- Data Request
Data Indication ----------->
<----------- Data Request
Data Indication ----------->
<----------- Data Request
<----------- Data Request
Data Indication ----------->
<----------- Release Request (RELEASE_MGMT)
Release Confirm ---------->
<----------- Data Request
Error Indication ---------->
(INVALID_TEI)
<----------- TEI Status Request
TEI Status Confirm ---------->
(Unassigned)
Host1
******** **************
* *_________________________________________* ******** *
* * _________* * ASP1 * *
* SG1 * SCTP Associations | * ******** *
* *_______________________ | * *
******** | | **************
| |
******** | |
* *_______________________________|
* * |
* SG2 * SCTP Associations |
* *____________ |
* * | | Host2
******** | | **************
| |_________________* ******** *
|____________________________* * ASP1 * *
* ******** *
* *
**************
.
.
.
[headers][ body prefix | body suffix ][trailer]
<-- ? --><-- offset --><-- ? ---------------->
<-- equiv. DWP offset ->
Caller Proxy Media Server
| INVITE | |
|----------------------->| INVITE |
| 100 TRYING |----------------------->|
|<-----------------------| 200 OK |
| 200 OK |<-----------------------|
|<-----------------------| |
| ACK | |
|----------------------->| ACK |
| |----------------------->|
| | |
| Play Announcement (RTP) |
|<================================================|
| | |
| | BYE |
| BYE |<-----------------------|
|<-----------------------| |
| 200 OK | |
|----------------------->| 200 OK |
| |----------------------->|
| | |
P1 P2 P3 Application Server Media Server
| | | | |
| INVITE sip:public-conf@as.example.net |
|---------------------------------->| |
| | | INVITE sip:conf=123@ms.example.net |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | | 200 OK |
| 200 OK | |<------------------|
|<----------------------------------| |
| ACK | | | |
|---------------------------------->| ACK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | RTP w/ P1 | |
|<=====================================================>|
| | | | |
| INVITE sip:public-conf@as.example.net |
| |-------------------------->| |
| | | INVITE sip:conf=123@ms.example.net |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | | 200 OK |
| | 200 OK | |<------------------|
| |<--------------------------| |
| | ACK | | |
| |-------------------------->| ACK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | RTP w/ P1+P2-P2 | |
| |<=============================================>|
| | | RTP w/ P1+P2-P1 | |
|<=====================================================>|
| | | | |
| INVITE sip:public-conf@as.example.net |
| | |----------------->| |
| | | INVITE sip:conf=123@ms.example.net |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | | 200 OK |
| | | 200 OK |<------------------|
| | |<-----------------| |
| | | ACK | |
| | |----------------->| ACK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | RTP w/ P1+P2+P3-P3 |
| | |<====================================>|
| | | RTP w/ P1+P2+P3-P2 |
| |<=============================================>|
| | | RTP w/ P1+P2+P3-P1 |
|<=====================================================>|
| _____________
[HOST]-+ +-----------+ +----------+ / \
| | Customer | ADSL line | Provider | | ISP core and |
+-+ Premises +---------------+ Edge |--| The internet |
| | Equipment | to subscriber +-----+----+ \_____________/
[HOST]-+ +-----------+ | | |
| +-----+------+ | +-+----------+
| AAA server | | | DNS server |
+------------+ | +------------+
+-+--------------+
| NTP server etc.|
Figure 1: Dual Stack Access Service Architecture +----------------+
CPE PE
| |
|----------PADI-------->| \
|<---------PADO---------| | PPPoE
|----------PADR-------->| | Discovery Stage
|<---------PADS---------| /
| |
|---Configure-Request-->| \
|<--Configure-Request---| | PPP Link Establishment Phase
|<----Configure-Ack-----| | (LCP)
|-----Configure-Ack---->| /
| |
|<------Challenge-------| \
|-------Response------->| | PPP Authentication Phase (CHAP)
|<-------Success--------| /
| |
|---Configure-Request-->| \
|<--Configure-Request---| |
|<----Configure-Nak-----| | PPP Network Layer Protocol Phase
|<----Configure-Ack-----| | (IPCP)
|---Configure-Request-->| |
|<----Configure-Ack-----| /
| |
|---Configure-Request-->| \
|<--Configure-Request---| | PPP Network Layer Protocol Phase
|<----Configure-Ack-----| | (IPV6CP)
|-----Configure-Ack---->| /
| |
|--------Solicit------->| \
|<------Advertise-------| | DHCPv6
|--------Request------->| |
|<--------Reply---------| /
| |
| | | | | | |
|--INVITE -->| | | | | |
| |-INVITE->| | | | |
Supported: histinfo
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-INVITE>| | | |
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User2@UA2.example.com>;index=1.1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-----INVITE ---->| | |
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com>;index=1.1.2
| | | | | | |
| | |-------INVITE------------>| |
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User4@UA4.example.com>;index=1.1.3
text="Request Terminated">; index=1.1.2,
<sip:User4@UA4.example.com?Reason=SIP;cause=603;\
text="Decline">; index=1.1.3
<sip:User5@UA5.example.com>;index=1.2
| | | | | | |
| |<-----200 OK---------------------------------|
|<--200 OK---| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|--ACK --------------------------------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
|--INVITE -->| | | | | |
| |-INVITE->| | | | |
Supported: histinfo
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-INVITE>| | | |
Privacy: history
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User2@UA2.example.com>;index=1.1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-----INVITE ---->| | |
Privacy: history
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com>;index=1.1.2
| | | | | | |
| | |-------INVITE------------>| |
Privacy: history
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User4@UA4.example.com>;index=1.1.3
INVITE, including UA3, which was attempted by P2, but due to
Privacy P1 is not aware of this, so UA3 is re-attempted prior to
forwarding the INVITE to UA5, where the session is successfully
established */
| | | | | | |
| |--------------INVITE ----->| | |
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com>; index=1.2
| | | | | | |
| |<-- 486 -------------------| | |
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com>; index=1.2
| | | | | | |
| |----------------INVITE --------------------->|
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com?Reason=SIP;cause=486;\
text="Busy Here">;index=1.2,
<sip:User5@UA5.example.com>;index=1.3
| | | | | | |
| |<-----200 OK---------------------------------|
|<--200 OK---| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|--ACK --------------------------------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
|--INVITE -->| | | | | |
| |-INVITE->| | | | |
Supported: histinfo
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-INVITE>| | | |
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User2@UA2.example.com>;index=1.1.1
| | | | | | |
| | |-----INVITE ---->| | |
History-Info:<sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com>;index=1.1.2
| | | | | | |
| | |-------INVITE------------>| |
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>;index=1.1,
<sip:User4@UA4.example.com?\
Privacy=history>; index=1.1.3
/* All Responses from the INVITEs indicate non-success/non-
availability. The History-Info associated with UA4 is not returned
in the response due to the privacy header associated with that URI */
| | | | | | |
| |<-480 ---| | | | |
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User2@UA2.example.com?Reason=SIP;\
cause=408;text="RequestTimeout">;index=1.1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com?Reason=SIP; \
cause=487;text="Request Terminated">; index=1.1.2,
| | | | | | |
/* Upon receipt of the response, P1 determines another route for the
INVITE, but finds that it matches a route already attempted
(e.g., UA3), thus the INVITE is only forwarded to UA5, where
the session is successfully established */
| | | | | | |
| |----------------INVITE --------------------->|
History-Info: <sip:Bob@P1.example.com>;index=1,
<sip:Bob@P2.example.com>; index=1.1,
<sip:User2@UA2.example.com?Reason=SIP;cause=408;\
text="RequestTimeout">;index=1.1.1,
<sip:User3@UA3.example.com?Reason=SIP;cause=487;\
text="Request Terminated">; index=1.1.2,
<sip:User5@UA5.example.com>;index=1.2
| | | | | | |
| |<-----200 OK---------------------------------|
|<--200 OK---| | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|--ACK --------------------------------------------------->|
UA1 Proxy1 UA2 UA3 UA4
| | | | |
|-INVITE F1->| | | |
| | | | |
| |--INVITE F2------>| | |
|<--100 F3---| | | |
| |<-302 F4----------| | |
| | | | |
| |-------INVITE F5 --------->| |
| | | | |
| |<-------180 F6 ------------| |
|<---180 F7--| | | |
| . . |---retransmit INVITE ----->| |
| | | | |
| | ( timeout ) | | |
| | | | |
| |------INVITE F8 ------------------->|
|<--100 F9 --| | | |
| | | | |
| |<-486 F10 --------------------------|
| | | | |
| |-- ACK F11------------------------->|
|<--486 F12--| | | |
| | | | |
|--ACK F13-->| | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|--INVITE F1-->| | | |
| | | | |
| |--INVITE F2-->| | |
|<--100 F3-----| | | |
| |<-302 F4------| | |
| | | | |
| |--------INVITE F5---------->| |
| | | | |
| |<--------180 F6-------------| |
|<---180 F7----| | | |
| . . . | | | |
| |------retransmit INVITE---->| |
| . . . | | | |
| | (timeout) | |
| | | | |
| |-------INVITE F8---------------------->|
| | | | |
| |<-200 F9-------------------------------|
| | | | |
|<-200 F10-----| | | |
| | | | |
|--ACK F11-------------------------------------------->|
| | | | |
|--INVITE F1-->| | | |
Supported:histinfo
| | | | |
| |--INVITE F2-->| | |
Supported:histinfo
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>; index=1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP1@example.com>; index=1.1
| | | | |
| |<-302 F3------| | |
Contact: <sip:ACDGRP2@ACD.com>
| | | | |
| |--------INVITE F4---------->| |
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>; index=1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP1@example.com>; index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP2@example.com>; index=1.2
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | |INVITE F5>|
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>; index=1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP1@example.com>; index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP2@example.com>; index=1.2
| | | | |
| | | |<-200 F6--|
| | | | |
| |<-200 F7--------------------| |
History-Info: <sip:Gold@example.com>; index=1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP1@example.com>; index=1.1
History-Info: <sip:ACDGRP2@example.com>; index=1.2
|<-200 F8------| | | |
< No History-Info included in the response due to Local Policy>
| | | | |
|--ACK F9--------------------------------------------->|
Alice Redirect Server Proxy 3 Bob
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| | |
| 302 F2 | | |
|<---------------| | |
| ACK F3 | | |
|--------------->| | |
| INVITE F4 | |
|-------------------------------->| INVITE F5 |
| 100 F6 |--------------->|
voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels ______ voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels
R1/HC---------------------->| |-----------------------> R5/HD
| |
voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels| |voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels
R2/HC---------------------->| R4 |-----------------------> R6/HD
| |
voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels| |voice/C-HDR/MPLS-labels
R3/HC---------------------->|______|-----------------------> R7/HD
xN x1
STM-N<----AUG<----AU-4<--VC4<------------------------------C-4 E4
^ ^
Ix3 Ix3
I I x1
I -----TUG-3<----TU-3<---VC-3<---I
I ^ C-3 DS3/E3
STM-0<------------AU-3<---VC-3<-- I ---------------------I
^ I
Ix7 Ix7
I I x1
-----TUG-2<---TU-2<---VC-2<---C-2 DS2/T2
^ ^
I I x3
I I----TU-12<---VC-12<--C-12 E1
I
I x4
I-------TU-11<---VC-11<--C-11 DS1/T1
xN
STS-N<-------------------SPE<------------------------------DS3/T3
^
Ix7
I x1
I---VT-Group<---VT-6<----SPE DS2/T2
^ ^ ^
I I I x2
I I I-----VT-3<----SPE DS1C
I I
I I x3
I I--------VT-2<----SPE E1
I
I x4
I-----------VT-1.5<--SPE DS1/T1
+-+-+-+-+------+------------+---+--+--+---------+
|T|V|A|O| O | | O |S |O | |
|e|i|u|t| t | | t |I |t | |
|l|d|d|h| h | IP | h | |h | Other |
|e|e|i|e| e | | e |T |e |protocols|
|t|o|o|r| r | | r |a |r | native |
|e| | | | | | |b | | over |
|x| | | | | +---+----+-+ |l | |MPEG-2 TS|
|t| | | | | | | MPE | |e | | |
| | | | | +--+---+ +------+ | | | |
| | | | | | AAL5 |ULE|Priv. | | | | |
+-+-+-+-+---+------+ | +-+--+--+ |
| PES | ATM | |Sect. |Section| |
+-------+----------+---+------+-------+---------+
| MPEG-2 TS |
+---------+-------+----------------+------------+
|Satellite| Cable | Terrestrial TV | Other PHY |
+---------+-------+----------------+------------+
TS-LC-A-1 /---\--------------------/---\
\ / \ / \
\ | | | |
TS-LC-A-2 ----------- | | -------------
-------------------- | | -------------
| | | |
/-------- / | -------------
/ \----/-------------------\----/
TS-LC-A-3/ MPEG-2 TS MUX A
/
TS-LC /
------------X
\ TS-LC-B-3 /---\------------------------/---\
\ / \ / \
\ | | | |
TS-LC-B-2 \----------- | | ---------
-------------------- | | ---------
| | | |
/-------- / | ---------
/ \----/-----------------------\----/
/ MPEG-2 TS MUX B
TS-LC-B-1
+------------+ +------------+
| IP | | IP |
| End Host | | End Host |
+-----+------+ +------------+
| ^
+------------>+---------------+ |
+ IP | |
+-------------+ Encapsulator | |
SI-Data | +------+--------+ |
+-------+-------+ |MPEG-2 TS Logical Channel |
| MPEG-2 | | |
| SI Tables | | |
+-------+-------+ ->+------+--------+ |
| -->| MPEG-2 | . . .
+------------>+ Multiplexor | |
MPEG-2 TS +------+--------+ |
Logical Channel |MPEG-2 TS Mux |
| |
Other ->+------+--------+ |
MPEG-2 -->+ MPEG-2 | |
TS --->+ Multiplexor | |
---->+------+--------+ |
|MPEG-2 TS Mux |
| |
+------+--------+ +------+-----+
|Physical Layer | | MPEG-2 |
|Modulator +---------->+ Receiver |
+---------------+ MPEG-2 +------------+
TS Mux
+--------+-------------------------+-----------------+
| Header | PDU | Integrity Check |
+--------+-------------------------+-----------------+
<--------------------- SNDU ------------------------->
+-----------------------------------------+
|Encap Header|SubNetwork Data Unit (SNDU) |
+-----------------------------------------+
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
+------+----------+ +------+----------+ +------+----------+
|MPEG-2| MPEG-2 |..|MPEG-2| MPEG-2 |...|MPEG-2| MPEG-2 |
|Header| Payload | |Header| Payload | |Header| Payload |
+------+----------+ +------+----------+ +------+----------+
Forward broadcast
MPEG-2 TS \
----------------X /-----\
/ / \
| Receiver|
/----------+ A |
/ \ /
/-----\ / \-----/
/ \ /
| Hub |/
| +\ /-----\
\ / \ / \
\-----/ \ | Receiver|
\-----------+ B |
\ /
\-----/
AR AR
AR | AR AR | AR
\ | / \ | /
Subnet 1 Subnet 2
/ / | \ \ / / | \ \
/ / | \ \ / / | \ \
/ | | | \ / | | | \
AP1 AP2 AP3 AP4 AP5 AP6 AP7 AP8 AP9 AP10
+-------+-------+---------------+-------------------------------+
|Version| IHL |Type of Service| Total Length |
0------34------78-------------1516----+-----------------------31+
| Identification |Flags| Fragment Offset |
0---------------+-------------1516--1819----------------------31+
| Time to Live | Protocol | Header Checksum |
0--------------78-------------1516----------------------------31+
| Source Address |
0-------------------------------------------------------------31+
| Destination Address |
0-----------------------------------------------+-------------31+
| Options | Padding |
0---------------------------------------------2324------------31+
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
(Certificate)
ServerKeyExchange*
(CertificateRequest)
<-------- ServerHelloDone
(Certificate)
ClientKeyExchange
(CertificateVerify)
ChangeCipherSpec
Finished -------->
ChangeCipherSpec
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
+------------+ +--------+
| BCMCS | | |
| Controller | | DHCP |
| | | Server |
+------------+ +--------+
^
Control|
Info|
|
|
V
+----+ +------------+ +------------+
| | | | | |
| MN/| bearer | Radio | | BCMCS |
|User|<-------| Access |<---| Content |
| | | Network | | Server |
+----+ +------------+ +------------+
Code Len FQDN(s) of BCMCS Controller
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 88 | n | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 89 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
Client sends in ORO/
Parameter Request List Domain Name List IPv6/IPv4 Address
__________________________________________________________________
EAP Access Point local RADIUS home RADIUS
Peer proxy/server server
| 1. EAP | | |
| Request/Identity | | |
| (NAIRealms) | | |
|<------------------| | |
| 2. EAP | | |
| Response/Identity| | |
|------------------>| | |
| | 3. Access-Request | |
| | (EAP | |
| | Response/Identity)| |
| |------------------->| |
| | | 4. Access-Request |
| | | (EAP |
| | | Response/Identity) |
| | |------------------->|
| | | |
|<-------------------EAP conversation ----------------------->|
EAP Access Point local RADIUS home RADIUS
Peer proxy/server server
| | 1. Access-Request | |
| | (EAP-Start) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 2. Access-Challenge| |
| | (EAP | |
| | Request/Identity | |
| | with NAIRealms) | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 3. EAP | | |
| Request/Identity | | |
| (NAIRealms) | | |
|<------------------| | |
| 4. EAP | | |
| Response/Identity | | |
|------------------>| | |
| | 5. Access-Request | |
| | (EAP | |
| | Response/Identity) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | | 6. Access-Request |
| | | (EAP |
| | | Response/Identity) |
| | |------------------->|
| | | |
|<------------------- EAP conversation ---------------------->|
EAP Access Point local RADIUS home RADIUS
Peer proxy/server server
| | | |
| 1. EAP | | |
| Request/Identity | | |
| (w/o NAIRealms) | | |
|<------------------| | |
| 2. EAP | | |
| Response/Identity | | |
|------------------>| | |
| | 3. Access-Request | |
| | (EAP | |
| | Response/Identity) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 4. Access-Challenge| |
| | (EAP | |
| | Request/Identity | |
| | with NAIRealms) | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 5. EAP | | |
| Request/Identity | | |
| (NAIRealms) | | |
|<------------------| | |
| 6. EAP | | |
| Response/Identity | | |
|------------------>| | |
| | 7. Access-Request | |
| | (EAP | |
| | Response/Identity) | |
| |------------------->| |
| | | |
======================Failure due to unknown realm=============
| | | |
| | 7a. Access-Reject | |
| | (EAP-Failure) | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 7b. EAP | | |
| Failure | | |
|<------------------| | |
================================================================
| | | |
| | | 8. Access-Request |
| | | (EAP |
| | | Response/Identity) |
| | |------------------->|
| | | |
|<-------------------- EAP conversation --------------------->|
| BU to HA |
(a) |----------------------------------------------------->|
| (including MN-ID option, |
| mobility message replay protection option[optional],|
| mobility message authentication option) |
| |
| HA/AAAH authenticates MN
| |
| |
| BA to MN |
(b) |<-----------------------------------------------------|
| (including MN-ID option, |
| mobility message replay protection option[optional],|
| mobility message authentication option) |
| |
| 128 bits |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| node address |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| subnet prefix | interface ID |
+-------------------------------+---------------------------------+
0 0 0 1 1 2
|0 7 8 5 6 3|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|cccc|ccug|cccc|cccc|cccc|cccc|
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| n bits | m bits | 128-n-m bits |
+------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| global routing prefix | subnet ID | interface ID |
+------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|0000| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
| 80 bits | 16 | 32 bits |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|FFFF| IPv4 address |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+
| 10 |
| bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| 0 | interface ID |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
| 10 |
| bits | 54 bits | 64 bits |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111011| subnet ID | interface ID |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
| n bits | 128-n bits |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| subnet prefix | 00000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------+----------------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits |
+------ -+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
|11111111|flgs|scop| group ID |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------------------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc0gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|ccccccccmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|cccccc1gcccccccc|cccccccc11111111|11111110mmmmmmmm|mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0 1|1 3|3 4|4 6|
|0 5|6 1|2 7|8 3|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000000000000|0000000001001111|
+----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
V V
| |
+ InReceives (1) + OutRequests
| |
| |
+--> InHdrErrors (5) +--> OutNoRoutes
| |
| |
+->-+ InMcastPkts (1) |
| V |
+-<-+ |
| |
+->-+ InBcastPkts (1) |
| V |
+-<-+ |
| |
| |
+--> InTruncatedPkts (5) |
| |
| |
+--> InAddrErrors |
| |
| |
+--> InDiscards (2) |
| |
| |
+--------+------->------+----->-----+----->-----+
| InForwDatagrams (6) | OutForwDatagrams (6)|
| V +->-+ OutFragReqds
| InNoRoutes | | (packets)
/ (local packet (3) | |
| IF is that of the address | +--> OutFragFails
| and may not be the receiving IF) | | (packets)
| | |
| | V OutFragOks
| | | (packets) (7)
| | |
+->-+ ReasmReqds (fragments) +-<-+ OutFragCreates
| | | (fragments)
| | |
| +--> ReasmFails (fragments (4)) +->-+ OutMcastPkts (1)
| | | V
| | +-<-+
+-<-+ ReasmOKs (reassembled packets) |
| +->-+ OutBcastPkts (1)
| | V
+--> InUnknownProtos +-<-+
| |
| |
+--> InDiscards (2) +--> OutDiscards (2)
| |
| |
+ InDelivers + OutTransmits (1)
| |
V V
to to
upper interface
layers
+--------------------------------------------------+
| Upper Layer Protocol |
+---------+------------+---------------------------+
| | | RDMA |
| | +---------------------------+
| | DDP |
| +----------------------------------------+
| Transport |
+--------------------------------------------------+
DDP Client Protocol
(e.g., RDMA or Upper Layer Protocol)
| ^
untagged messages | | untagged message delivery
tagged messages | | tagged message delivery
v |
DDP+---> data placement
^
| transport messages
v
Transport
(e.g., SCTP, DCCP, framed TCP)
^
| IP datagrams
v
. . .
stag=s, offset=o, message 1:
notify=y, id=i |type=ddp |
message= |stag=s |
|aabbccddee|-------. |offset=o |
~ ... ~----. \ |notify=n |
|vvwwxxyyzz|-. \ \ |id=? |
| \ `--->|aabbccddee|
| \ ~ ... ~
| +----->|iijjkkllmm|
| |
+ | message 2:
\ | |type=ddp |
\ | |stag=s |
\ + |offset=o+n|
\ \ |notify=y |
\ \ |id=i |
\ `-->|nnooppqqrr|
\ ~ ... ~
`---->|vvwwxxyyzz|
Client Protocol
| ^
Sends | | Send reception indications
RDMA Read Requests | | RDMA Read Completion indications
RDMA Writes | | RDMA Write Completion indications
v |
RDMA
| ^
untagged messages | | untagged message delivery
tagged messages | | tagged message delivery
v |
DDP+---> data placement
^
| transport messages
v
. . .
Unprotected
^ ^
| |
+-------------|-------|-------+
| +-------+ | | |
| |Discard|<--| V |
| +-------+ |B +--------+ |
................|y..| AH/ESP |..... IPsec Boundary
| +---+ |p +--------+ |
| |IKE|<----|a ^ |
| +---+ |s | |
| +-------+ |s | |
| |Discard|<--| | |
| +-------+ | | |
+-------------|-------|-------+
| |
V V
Protected
Unprotected Interface
^
|
(nested SAs) +----------+
-------------------|Forwarding|<-----+
| +----------+ |
| ^ |
| | BYPASS |
V +-----+ |
+-------+ | SPD | +--------+
...| SPD-I |.................|Cache|.....|PROCESS |...IPsec
| (*) | | (*) |---->|(AH/ESP)| boundary
+-------+ +-----+ +--------+
| +-------+ / ^
| |DISCARD| <--/ |
| +-------+ |
| |
| +-------------+
|---------------->|SPD Selection|
+-------------+
^
| +------+
| -->| ICMP |
| / +------+
|/
|
|
Protected Interface
<-- How Outer Hdr Relates Inner Hdr --->
Outer Hdr at Inner Hdr at
IPv6 Encapsulator Decapsulator
Header fields: -------------------- ------------
version 6 (1) no change
DS Field copied from inner hdr (5) no change (9)
ECN Field copied from inner hdr constructed (6)
flow label copied or configured (8) no change
payload length constructed no change
next header AH,ESP,routing hdr no change
hop limit constructed (2) decrement (2)
src address constructed (3) no change
dest address constructed (3) no change
Extension headers never copied (7) no change
Unprotected Interface
|
V
+-----+ IPsec protected
------------------->|Demux|-------------------+
| +-----+ |
| | |
| Not IPsec | |
| | |
| V |
| +-------+ +---------+ |
| |DISCARD|<---|SPD-I (*)| |
| +-------+ +---------+ |
| | |
| |-----+ |
| | | |
| | V |
| | +------+ |
| | | ICMP | |
| | +------+ |
| | V
+---------+ | +-----------+
....|SPD-O (*)|............|...................|PROCESS(**)|...IPsec
+---------+ | | (AH/ESP) | Boundary
^ | +-----------+
| | +---+ |
| BYPASS | +-->|IKE| |
| | | +---+ |
| V | V
| +----------+ +---------+ +----+
|--------<------|Forwarding|<---------|SAD Check|-->|ICMP|
nested SAs +----------+ | (***) | +----+
| +---------+
V
Protected Interface
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A |=====| B | | C |
| |------------| |
| |=====| | | |
+---+ +---+ +---+
BEFORE APPLYING AH
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
-------------------------------------------------------
IPv4 |original IP hdr (any options) | AH | TCP | Data |
-------------------------------------------------------
|<- mutable field processing ->|<- immutable fields ->|
|<----- authenticated except for mutable fields ----->|
BEFORE APPLYING AH
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING AH
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | |hop-by-hop, dest*, | | dest | | |
|orig IP hdr |routing, fragment. | AH | opt* | TCP | Data |
------------------------------------------------------------
|<--- mutable field processing -->|<-- immutable fields -->|
|<---- authenticated except for mutable fields ----------->|
----------------------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | | | orig IP hdr* | | |
|new IP header * (any options) | AH | (any options) |TCP| Data |
----------------------------------------------------------------
|<- mutable field processing ->|<------ immutable fields ----->|
|<- authenticated except for mutable fields in the new IP hdr->|
--------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs*| | | ext hdrs*| | |
|new IP hdr*|if present| AH |orig IP hdr*|if present|TCP|Data|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|<--- mutable field -->|<--------- immutable fields -------->|
| processing |
|<-- authenticated except for mutable fields in new IP hdr ->|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
-------------------------------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | ESP | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| Hdr | TCP | Data | Trailer | ICV|
-------------------------------------------------
|<---- encryption ---->|
|<-------- integrity ------->|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
AFTER APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | orig |hop-by-hop,dest*,| |dest| | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr|routing,fragment.|ESP|opt*|TCP|Data|Trailer| ICV|
---------------------------------------------------------
|<--- encryption ---->|
|<------ integrity ------>|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
----------------------------
IPv4 |orig IP hdr | | |
|(any options)| TCP | Data |
----------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
IPv4 | new IP hdr* | | orig IP hdr* | | | ESP | ESP|
|(any options)| ESP | (any options) |TCP|Data|Trailer| ICV|
-----------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encryption --------->|
|<------------- integrity ------------>|
BEFORE APPLYING ESP
---------------------------------------
IPv6 | | ext hdrs | | |
| orig IP hdr |if present| TCP | Data |
---------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
IPv6 | new* |new ext | | orig*|orig ext | | | ESP | ESP|
|IP hdr| hdrs* |ESP|IP hdr| hdrs * |TCP|Data|Trailer| ICV|
------------------------------------------------------------
|<--------- encryption ---------->|
|<------------ integrity ------------>|
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
! ! IPsec ! !
Protected !Tunnel ! tunnel !Tunnel ! Protected
Subnet <-->!Endpoint !<---------->!Endpoint !<--> Subnet
! ! ! !
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
! ! IPsec transport ! !
!Protected! or tunnel mode SA !Protected!
!Endpoint !<---------------------------------------->!Endpoint !
! ! ! !
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
! ! IPsec ! ! Protected
!Protected! tunnel !Tunnel ! Subnet
!Endpoint !<------------------------>!Endpoint !<--- and/or
! ! ! ! Internet
+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
+ Initialization Vector (16 octets) +
| |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ Encrypted Payload (variable length, a multiple of 16 octets) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------+
| Application |
| Server |\
+-------------+ \ SPEECHSC
SIP, VoiceXML, / \
etc. / \
+------------+ / \ +-------------+
| Media |/ SPEECHSC \---| ASR, SI/SV, |
| Processing |-------------------------| and/or TTS |
RTP | Entity | RTP | Server |
=====| |=========================| |
+------------+ +-------------+
+---------+
_| SIP |
_/ | Server |
+-----------+ SIP/ +---------+
| | _/
+-------+ | VoIP |_/
| POTS |___| Gateway | RTP +---------+
| Phone | | (SIP UA) |=========| |
+-------+ | |\_ | SPEECHSC|
+-----------+ \ | TTS |
\__ | Server |
SPEECHSC | |
\_| |
+---------+
+------------+
| IVR |
_|Application |
VXML_/ +------------+
+-----------+ __/
| |_/ +------------+
PSTN Trunk | VoIP | SPEECHSC| |
=============| Gateway |---------| SPEECHSC |
|(VXML voice| | ASR |
| browser) |=========| Server |
+-----------+ RTP +------------+
+-----------+ +---------+
| | RTP | |
| IP |=========| SPEECHSC|
| Phone | | TTS |
| |_________| Server |
| | SPEECHSC| |
+-----------+ +---------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ C=1=N C=1=N C=..1..=N C=1=N +
| xtuC | | xru1 | | xru2 | | xru8 | | xtuR |
+ C=2=N C=2=N C=..2..=N C=2=N +
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
UAC UAS
| request |
--- |---. |
^ | `---. |
| | `-->| ---
| | | ^
| | | |
64*T1 | | |
| | | |
| | | 64*T1
| | | |
| | | |
v | | |
timeout <=== --- | 200 OK | |
| .---| v
| .---' | ---
|<--' |
UAC UAS UAC UAS
| | | |
--- |----. | --- |----. |
^ | `-->| ^ | `--->|
E = T1 | | E = T1 | .-----|(provisional)
v | | v |<--' |
--- |----. | --- |----. |
^ | `-->| ^ | `--->|
| | X<----|(lost final) | | X<-----|(lost final)
| | | | | |
E = 2*T1 | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
v | | | | |
--- |----. | | | |
| `-->| | | |
| .-----|(final) | | |
|<-' | | | |
| | | | |
\/\ /\/ /\/ /\/ /\/
E = T2
\/\ /\/ /\/ /\/ /\/
| | | | |
| | v | |
| | --- |----. |
| | | `--->|
| | | .-----|(final)
| | |<--' |
| | | |
UAC P1 P2 P3 UAS
| | | | |
--- ===---. | | | |
^ | `-->===---. | | |
| | | `-->===---. | |
| | | | `-->===---. |
64*T1 | | | | `-->===
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
v | | | | |
(timeout) --- === | | | |
| .-408=== | | |
|<--' | .-408=== | |
| .-408-|<--' | .-408=== |
|<--' | .-408-|<--' | .-408===
| .-408-|<--' | .-408-|<--' |
|<--' | .-408-|<--' | |
| .-408-|<--' | | |
|<--' | | | |
| | | | |
UAC P1 P2 P3 UAS
| | | | |
--- ===---. | | | |
^ | `-->===---. | | |
| | | `-->===---. | |
| | | | `-->===---. |
64*T1 | | | | `-->===
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
v | | | | |
(timeout) --- === | | | |
| .-408=== | | .-200-|
|<--' | .-408=== .-200-|<--' |
| .-408-|<--'.-200-|<--' === |
|<--'.-200-|<--' | | ===
|<--' | | | |
| | | | |
[Q] [R]
. . AS2
[A]----+----[SG-A].......+....+.......[SG-B]-------[B]
| ......
AS1 | ..PI..
| ......
[D]----+----[SG-D].......+....+.......[C] AS3
.--------------.
| nonexistent |
| policy |
`--------------'
|
| PF_ACQUIRE
|
|<---------.
V | new packet
.--------------. | (maybe resend PF_ACQUIRE)
| hold policy |--'
| |--.
`--------------' \ pass
| | \ msg .---------.
| | \ V | forward
| | .-------------. | packet
create | | | pass policy |--'
IPsec | | `-------------'
SA | |
| \
| \
V \ deny
.---------. \ msg
| encrypt | \
| policy | \ ,---------.
`---------' \ | | discard
\ V | packet
.-------------. |
| deny policy |--'
`-------------'
|
| PF_ACQUIRE
|
V
.---------------.
| nonexistent |
| connection |
`---------------'
| | |
send , | \
expired pass / | \ send
conn. msg / | \ deny
^ / | \ msg
| V | do \
.---------------. | DNS \ .---------------.
| clear-text | | lookup `->| deny |--->expired
| connection | | for | connection | connection
`---------------' | destination `---------------'
^ ^ | ^
| | no record | |
| | OE-permissive V | no record
| | .---------------. | OE-paranoid
| `------------| potential OE |---------'
| | connection | ^
| `---------------' |
| | |
| | got TXT record | DNSSEC failure
| | reply |
| V | wrong
| .---------------. | failure
| | authenticate |---------'
| | & parse TXT RR| ^
| repeated `---------------' |
| ICMP | |
| failures | initiate IKE to |
| (short timeout) | responder |
| V |
| phase-2 .---------------. | failure
| failure | pending |---------'
| (normal | OE | ^
| timeout) | |invalid | phase-2 fail (normal
| | |<--.SPI | timeout)
| | | | | ICMP failures (short
| | +=======+ |---' | timeout)
| | | IKE | | ^ |
`----------------| states|---------------'
| +=======+ | |
`---------------' |
| IPsec SA | invalid SPI
| established |
V | rekey time
.--------------. |
| keyed |<---|------------------------------.
| connection |----' |
`--------------' |
| timer |
| |
V |
.--------------. connection still active |
clear-text----->| expired |-----------------------------------'
deny----->| connection |
`--------------'
| dead connection - deleted
V
|
| IKE main mode
| phase 1
V
.-----------------.
| unauthenticated |
| OE peer |
`-----------------'
|
| lookup KEY RR in in-addr.arpa
| (if ID_IPV4_ADDR)
| lookup KEY RR in forward
| (if ID_FQDN)
V
.-----------------. RR not found
| received DNS |---------------> log failure
| reply |
`----+--------+---'
phase 2 | \ misformatted
proposal | `------------------> log failure
V
.----------------.
| authenticated | identical initiator
| OE peer |--------------------> initiator
`----------------' connection found state machine
|
| look for TXT record for initiator
|
V
.---------------.
| authorized |---------------------> log failure
| OE peer |
`---------------'
|
|
V
potential OE
connection in
initiator state
machine
Alice SG-A DNS SG-B Bob
----(5)----->
Datagram is seen at first gateway
from Alice (SG-A).
----------(12)----->
-------------->
<---------------
<-------------------
<-------------
Alice SG-A DNS SG-B Bob
(1)
------(2)-------------->
<-----(3)---------------
(4)----(5)----->+
----(5B)->
<---(5C)--
~~~~~~~~~~~~~(5D)~~~>
<~~~~~~~~~~~~(5E)~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~(5F)~~~>
<~~~~~~~~~~~~(5G)~~~~
#############(5H)###>
<----(5I)---
-----(5J)-->
<############(5K)####
#############(5L)###>
<----(5M)---
-----(5N)-->
<############(5O)####
#############(5P)###>
============(6)====>
------(7)----->
<------(8)------
<==========(9)======
<-----(10)----
(11)----------->
==========(12)=====>
-------------->
<---------------
<===================
<-------------
+---------------------+
| Provisioned |
| |
| +---------------+ |
| | Admitted | |
| | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | Active | | |
| | | | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | |
| +---------------+ |
| |
+---------------------+
+----------+
+------------+ clsfy 1 -----+ | Per-SF | forwarded
Pkts | |-----------> | | Maximum |-> for DOCSIS
----->| Classify | clsfy 2 SF1 |--> | Rate | RF Network
| Function |-----------> | | Policing | transmission
| | -----+ | Function |
| | | |----+
| | | | |
| | +----------+ Dropped
+------------+ | ^
+----+ Delayed
|
| Outbound Pkt
V
docsDevIpFilterTable------> docsDevFilterPolicyTable
| |
| V
| docsIetfQosServiceClassPolicyTable
| |
Pkt | ServiceClassName,|
| ServiceClassPolicyRulePriority|
V V
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| | DOCSIS MAC LAYER ENTITY | |
| | | Select |
| V | any |
| docsIetfQosPktClassTable <--------------| SFID Y |
| | | in SCN |
| | docsIetfQosPktClassPriority, | |
| | SFID X | |
| V V |
| +--------------------------------------------+ |
| | Select the SFID associated with the | |
| | higher of docsIetfQosPktClassPriority or | |
| | docsIetfQosServiceClassPolicyRulePriority | |
| +--------------------------------------------+ |
| | |
| V |
| | | | | |
| | | ... | | Service Flows |
| +----+ +----+ |
| SFID X SFID Y |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
VCALSTORE
|
+-- properties
+-- VCARs
+-- VQUERYs
+-- VTIMEZONEs
+-- VAGENDA
| |
| +--properties
| +--VEVENTs
| | |
| | +--VALARMs
| +--VTODOs
| | |
| | +--VALARMs
| +--VJOURNALs
| +--VCARs
| +--VTIMEZONEs
| +--VQUERYs
| +--VFREEBUSYs
| |
| | ...
.
.
+-- VAGENDA
. .
. .
. .
< ----------------------------- SNDU ----------------------------- >
+-+-------------------------------------------------------+--------+
|D| Length | Type | Dest Address* | PDU | CRC-32 |
+-+-------------------------------------------------------+--------+
< -------------------------- SNDU ------------------------- >
+---+--------------------------------------------------+--------+
|D=0| Length | T1 | NPA Address | H1 | T2 | PDU | CRC-32 |
+---+--------------------------------------------------+--------+
< ULE base header > < ext 1 >
< -------------------------- SNDU ------------------------- >
+---+---------------------------------------------------+--------+
|D=1| Length | T1 | H1 | T2 | H2 | T3 | PDU | CRC-32 |
+---+---------------------------------------------------+--------+
< ULE base header >< ext 1 >< ext 2 >
+------+--------------------------------+------+
| ULE | Protocol Data Unit | ULE |
|Header| |CRC-32|
+------+--------------------------------+------+
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
+--------+---------+ +--------+---------+ +--------+---------+
|MPEG-2TS| MPEG-2 |...|MPEG-2TS| MPEG-2 |...|MPEG-2TS| MPEG-2 |
| Header | Payload | | Header | Payload | | Header | Payload |
+--------+---------+ +--------+---------+ +--------+---------+
+-/------------+
| SubNetwork |
| DU 1 |
+-/------------+
\ \
\ \
\ \
+--------+--------+--------+----------+
|MPEG-2TS| End of | 0xFFFF | Unused |
| Header | SNDU 1 | | Bytes |
+--------+--------+--------+----------+
PUSI=0 ULE
End
Indicator
+-/----------------+ +----------------/-+
| Subnetwork | | Subnetwork |
| DU 2 | | DU 3 |
+-/----------------+ +----------------/-+
\ \ / /\
\ \ / / \
\ \ / / \. . .
+--------+--------+--------+----------+
|MPEG-2TS| Payload| end of | start of |
| Header | Pointer| SNDU 2 | SNDU 3 |
+--------+--------+--------+----------+
PUSI=1 | ^
| |
+--------------+
+-------+
| START |
+---+---+
|
\/
+----------+
\| Idle |/
+-------/| State |\-------+
Insufficient | +----+-----+ |
unused space | | PUSI set | MPEG-2 TS Error
or | \/ | or
End Indicator| +----------+ | SNDU Error
| |Reassembly| |
+--------| State |--------+
+----------+
SNDU
PP=0 Length
+-----+------+------+------+- -+------+
| HDR | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0xC4 | ... | A182 |
+-----+----*-+-*----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=1 * *
*****
SNDU
PP=17 CRC for A Length
+-----+------+------+- -+--- --+------+------+- -+------+
| HDR | 0x11 | A183 | ... | A199 | 0x00 | 0xC4 | ... | B165 |
+-----+----*-+------+- -+------+-*----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=1 * *
*************************
End Stuffing
CRC for A Indicator Bytes
+-----+------+- -+------+----+----+- -+----+
| HDR | B166 | ... | B199 |0xFF|0xFF| ... |0xFF|
+-----+------+- -+------+----+----+- -+----+
PUSI=0
SNDU
PP=0 Length
+-----+------+------+------+- -+------+
| HDR | 0x00 | 0x02 | 0xD8 | ... | A182 |
+-----+---*--+-*----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=1 * *
******
+-----+------+- -+------+
| HDR | A183 | ... | A366 |
+-----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=0
+-----+------+- -+------+
| HDR | A367 | ... | A550 |
+-----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=0
SNDU
PP=181 CRC for A Length
+-----+------+------+- -+------+------+------+
| HDR | 0xB5 | A551 | ... | A731 | 0x01 | 0x18 |
+-----+---*--+------+- -+------+*-----+------+
PUSI=1 * *
*************************
+-----+------+- -+------+
| HDR | B002 | ... | B185 |
+-----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=0
End Stuffing
Indicator Bytes
+-----+------+- -+------+------+------+- -+------+
| HDR | B186 | ... | B283 | 0xFF | 0xFF | ... | 0xFF |
+-----+------+- -+------+------+------+- -+------+
PUSI=0
SNDU
PP=0 Length
+-----+------+------+------+- -+------+
| HDR | 0x00 | 0x00 | 0xC4 | ... | A182 |
+-----+----*-+-*----+------+- -+------+
PUSI=1 * * + +
***** ++++++++
+
+++++++++++++++++
+ SNDU
PP=17 CRC for A + Length
+-----+------+------+- -+------+-+----+------+-
| HDR | 0x11 | A183 | ... | A199 | 0x00 | 0x38 | ...
+-----+----*-+------+- -+------+*-----+------+-
PUSI=1 * * + +
************************ +++++++++
+
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+ SNDU End Stuffing
+ Length Indicator bytes
+ -+------+------+------+ -+------+------+------+- -+------+
+ ... | B59 | 0x00 | 0x38 |...| C59 | 0xFF | 0xFF |...| 0xFF |
+ -+------+-+----+------+ -+------+-+----+------+- -+------+
+ + + + +
+ + ++++++++ +
+ + + +
++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++
SNDU
PP=0 Length
+-----+------+------+------+- -+-----+------+------+- -+-----+-
| HDR | 0x00 | 0x80 | 0x30 | ... | A51 | 0x80 | 0x30 | ... | B51 | ..
+-----+----*-+-*----+------+- -+-----+------+------+- -+-----+-
PUSI=1 * *
*****
End Stuffing
Indicator bytes
-----+------+- -+-----+---------+- -+------+
... 0x80 | 0x30 | ... | C51 |0xFF|0xFF| | 0xFF |
-----+------+- -+-----+---------+- -+------+
+-----+-----------+-----------+--------//-------+-----+-----+
| | | Data Field | | |
| SOF | FC Header |<--------------------------->| CRC | EOF |
| | | Optional | Frame | | |
| | | Header(s) | Payload | | |
+-----+-----------+-----------+--------//-------+-----+-----+
First Frame of an IP FC Sequence
+-----------+-------------------+-----------------+-------//--------+
| FC Header | FC Network_Header | LLC/SNAP header | First chunk of |
| | | | the IP Packet |
+-----------+-------------------+-----------------+-------//--------+
Subsequent Frames of an IP FC Sequence
+-----------+-----------------//--------------------+
| FC Header | Additional chunk of the IP Packet |
+-----------+----------------//---------------------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
+--------+ A-to-B half-connection: +--------+
| | --> application data --> | |
| | <-- acknowledgements <-- | |
| DCCP A | | DCCP B |
| | B-to-A half-connection: | |
| | <-- application data <-- | |
+--------+ --> acknowledgements --> +--------+
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
| Type | Length |Feature#| Value(s) ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Change L: |00100000| Length |Feature#| Value(s) ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=32
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Change R: |00100010| Length |Feature#| Value(s) ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=34
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Confirm L: |00100001| Length |Feature#| Value(s) ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=33
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Confirm R: |00100011| Length |Feature#| Value(s) ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=35
invalid | valid Sequence Numbers | invalid
<---------*|*===========*=======================*|*--------->
GSR -|GSR + 1 - GSR GSR +|GSR + 1 +
floor(W/4)|floor(W/4) ceil(3W/4)|ceil(3W/4)
= SWL = SWH
invalid | valid Acknowledgement Numbers | invalid
<---------*|*===================================*|*--------->
GSS - W'|GSS + 1 - W' GSS|GSS + 1
= AWL = AWH
+--------+--------+-------- ... --------+
|00100101| Length | NDP Count |
+--------+--------+-------- ... --------+
Type=37 Len=3-8 (1-6 bytes)
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
|00100100| Length | Init Cookie Value ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=36
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
| v v |
| +----------+ |
| +-------------+ CLOSED +------------+ |
| | passive +----------+ active | |
| | open open | |
| | snd Request | |
| v v |
| +----------+ +----------+ |
| | LISTEN | | REQUEST | |
| +----+-----+ +----+-----+ |
| | rcv Request rcv Response | |
| | snd Response snd Ack | |
| v v |
| +----------+ +----------+ |
| | RESPOND | | PARTOPEN | |
| +----+-----+ +----+-----+ |
| | rcv Ack/DataAck rcv packet | |
| | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| +------------>| OPEN |<-----------+ |
| +--+-+--+--+ |
| server active close | | | active close |
| snd CloseReq | | | or rcv CloseReq |
| | | | snd Close |
| | | | |
| +----------+ | | | +----------+ |
| | CLOSEREQ |<---------+ | +--------->| CLOSING | |
| +----+-----+ | +----+-----+ |
| | rcv Close | rcv Reset | |
| | snd Reset | | |
|<---------+ | v |
| | +----+-----+ |
| rcv Close | | TIMEWAIT | |
| snd Reset | +----+-----+ |
+-----------------------------+ | |
+-----------+
2MSL timer expires
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|00101100|00000110| CRC-32c |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=44 Length=6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
|0010011?| Length |SSLLLLLL|SSLLLLLL|SSLLLLLL| ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=38/39 \___________ Vector ___________...
Received State
0 1 3
+---+---+---+
0 | 0 |0/1| 0 |
Old +---+---+---+
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
State +---+---+---+
3 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
+---+---+---+
Received Packet
0 1 3
+---+---+---+
0 | 0 |0/1| 0 |
Stored +---+---+---+
1 |0/1| 1 | 1 |
State +---+---+---+
3 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
+---+---+---+
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
|00101000| Length | Block | Block | Block | ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------
Type=40 \___________ Vector ___________ ...
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|00101001|00000110| Timestamp Value |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=41 Length=6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|00101011|00000100| Elapsed Time |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=43 Len=4
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|00101011|00000110| Elapsed Time |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=43 Len=6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|00101010|00000110| Timestamp Echo |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=42 Len=6
+--------+--------+------- ... -------+--------+--------+
|00101010|00001000| Timestamp Echo | Elapsed Time |
+--------+--------+------- ... -------+--------+--------+
Type=42 Len=8 (4 bytes)
+--------+--------+------- ... -------+------- ... -------+
|00101010|00001010| Timestamp Echo | Elapsed Time |
+--------+--------+------- ... -------+------- ... -------+
Type=42 Len=10 (4 bytes) (4 bytes)
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L| | | | |S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
^ ^
buf_tail buf_head, buf_ackno = A buf_nonce = E
+-----------------------------------------------+
A |S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L|S,L| T BN[E]
+-----------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------+
10 |0,0|3,0|3,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[1] [Example Buffer]
+---------------------------+
** +***----------------------------+
11 |1,0|0,0|3,0|3,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[1]
** +***----------------------------+
** +--*------------------------+
11 |0,1|3,0|3,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[1]
** +--*------------------------+
** +*******----------------------------+ *
12 |0,0|3,0|0,1|3,0|3,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[0]
** +*******----------------------------+ *
+--------*------------------+
10 |0,0|3,0|0,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[1]
+--------*------------------+
+----*----------------------+
10 |0,0|0,0|3,0|3,0|0,4|1,0|0,0| 0 BN[1]
+----*----------------------+
Lossy Part
<= 1 RTT __________ Lossless Part __________
/ \/ \
*----*--*--*-------------------------------------
^ ^ ^ ^
losses or marks
Lossy Part Lossy Part
<= 1 RTT <= 1 RTT _____ Lossless Part _____
/ \/ \/ \
*----*--*--***--------*-*---------------------------
^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^
\_ Int. 1 _/\_____________ Interval 2 _____________/
Time: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
------*---*---*-*----*------------*---*----*--*---->
CCVal: K-1 K-1 K K K+1 K+3 K+4 K+3 K+4
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|11000010|00000110| Receive Rate |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=194 Len=6
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|11000000|00000110| Loss Event Rate |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=192 Len=6
+--------+--------+--------+--------...--------+--------+---
|11000001| Length | Skip | Loss Interval | More Loss
| | | Length | | Intervals...
+--------+--------+--------+--------...--------+--------+---
Type=193 9 bytes
____________________ Loss Interval _____________________
/ \
+--------...-------+--------...--------+--------...--------+
| Lossless Length |E| Loss Length | Data Length |
+--------...-------+--------...--------+--------...--------+
3 bytes 3 bytes 3 bytes
Sequence
Numbers: 0 10 20 30 40 44
| | | | | |
----------*--------***-*--------*----------*-
0 10 20 30 40 44
| | | | | |
----------*--------***-*--------*----------*-
\________/\_______/\___________/\_________/
L0 L1 L2 L3
Window
Counters: K K+1 K+2 K+3 K+4 K+5 K+6 ... K+15 K+16 K+17 ...
| | | | | | | | | |
Data | | | | | | | | | |
Packets | | | | | | | | | |
Received: - - --- - ... - - -- - -- -- -
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Events: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6:
"A" "B" Timer "B"
sent sent received
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
<------ ServerHello (seq=1)
<------ Certificate (seq=2)
<------ ServerHelloDone (seq=3)
ServerHello \
Certificate* \
ServerKeyExchange* Flight 4
CertificateRequest* /
<-------- ServerHelloDone /
Certificate* \
ClientKeyExchange \
CertificateVerify* Flight 5
[ChangeCipherSpec] /
Finished --------> /
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
| f(n-2) | f(n-1) | f(n) | f(n+1) | f(n+2) | f(n+3) | f(n+4) |
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
<---- p(n-1) ---->
<----- p(n) ----->
<---- p(n+1) ---->
<---- p(n+2) ---->
<---- p(n+3) ---->
<---- p(n+4) ---->
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
| TERMINAL |<----------------------->| TERMINAL |
| | VMR-WB/RTP/UDP/IP | |
+----------+ +----------+
(or AMR-WB/RTP/UDP/IP)
VMR-WB over
3GPP2/CDMA2000 network
+------+ +----------+
| | | |
<-------------->| GW |<---------------------->| TERMINAL |
| | VMR-WB/RTP/UDP/IP | |
+------+ +----------+
|
| IP network
|
+------+ +------+
(AMR-WB Payload) | | AMR-WB/RTP/UDP/IP| |(AMR-WB Payload)
<---------------->| GW |<---------------->| GW |<--------------->
| | | |
+------+ +------+
| IP network |
| |
+------+ +------+
| | | |
<------------>| GW |<----------------->| GW |<------------>
| | VMR-WB/RTP/UDP/IP | |
+------+ +------+
| IP network |
| |
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
| Payload header | Table of contents | Speech data ...
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
ILL=2, ILP=0:
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 1L | 1R | 4L | 4R | 7L | 7R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame Frame Frame
Block 1 Block 4 Block 7
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 2L | 2R | 5L | 5R | 8L | 8R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame Frame Frame
Block 2 Block 5 Block 8
ILL=2, ILP=2:
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 3L | 3R | 6L | 6R | 9L | 9R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame Frame Frame
Block 3 Block 6 Block 9
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
| f(n-2) | f(n-1) | f(n) | f(n+1) | f(n+2) | f(n+3) | f(n+4) |
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
<---- p(n-1) ---->
<----- p(n) ----->
<---- p(n+1) ---->
<---- p(n+2) ---->
<---- p(n+3) ---->
<---- p(n+4) ---->
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
| f(n-2) | f(n-1) | f(n) | f(n+1) | f(n+2) | f(n+3) | f(n+4) |
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
+----------+ +----------+
| | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR-WB+ | |
| SERVER |<------------------------>| TERMINAL |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
| payload header | table of contents | audio data ...
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
+----------------+----------------+- ... -+----------------+
| ToC entry #1 | ToC entry #2 | ToC entry #N |
+----------------+----------------+- ... -+----------------+
.....................................
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. +-----------+ //-----\\ .
. | | || || .
non-SIP . | Conference| \\-----// .
+---------------->| Policy | | | .
| . | Server |----> | | .
| . | | |Conference| .
| . +-----------+ | Policy | .
| . | | .
| . | | .
+-----------+ . +-----------+ | | .
| | . | | \ // .
| | . | | \-----/ .
|Participant|<--------->| Focus | | .
| | SIP . | | | .
| | Dialog . | |<-----------+ .
+-----------+ . |...........| .
^ . | Conference| .
| . |Notification .
+------------>| Service | .
Subscription. +-----------+ .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.....................................
Conference Server
...................................
. .
. +------------+ .
. | Conference | .
. |Notification| .
. | Server | .
. +------------+ .
. +----------+ .
. |Conference| +-----+ .
. | Policy | +-------+ +-----+| .
. | Server | | Focus | |Mixer|+ .
. +----------+ +-------+ +-----+ .
................//.\.....***.......
// \ *** *
// *** * RTP
SIP // *** \ *
// *** \SIP *
// *** RTP \ *
/ ** \ *
+-----------+ +-----------+
|Participant| |Participant|
+-----------+ +-----------+
+------------+ +------------+
| App Server| SIP |Conf. Cmpnt.|
| |-------------| |
| Focus | non-SIP | Focus |
| C.Pol |-------------| C.Pol |
| | | Mixers |
|Notification| | |
| | | |
+------------+ +------------+
| \ .. .
| \\ RTP... .
| \\ .. .
| SIP \\ ... .
SIP | \\ ... .RTP
| ..\ .
| ... \\ .
| ... \\ .
| .. \\ .
| ... \\ .
| .. \ .
+-----------+ +-----------+
|Participant| |Participant|
+-----------+ +-----------+
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Body |The portion of an [SMTP] message's Content
|following the Header (that is, following the
|first blank line). The Body may contain
|structured parts and sub-parts, each of which
|may have its own Header and Body. The Body
|contains information intended for the message
|recipient (human or software).
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Content |The portion of an SMTP message that is
|delivered. The Content consists of a Header
|and a Body.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Disposition Report |Feedback information to an originator User
|Agent by a recipient User Agent about
Message Disposition |handling of an original message. This may
Notification |include notification that the message was or
|was not read, was deleted unread, etc.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Envelope |The portion of an SMTP message not included in
|the Content, that is, not in the Header or in
|the Body. While some of it may be copied into
|the Content on delivery, envelope information
|exists only while the message is in transit,
|and contains information used by SMTP agents
|(Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs)).
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Gateway |See [SMTP], Section 2.3.8.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Header |The first part of an SMTP message's Content.
|The Header is separated from the Body by a
|blank line. The Header consists of Fields
|(such as "To:"), also known as Header Fields
|or Headers. The message Header contains
|information used by User Agents.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
Relay/Server |An MMS server. See [Stage_2]. For purposes
|of this document, an MMS Relay/Server acts as
|a gateway when it receives or sends messages
|via Internet mail.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
User Agent |An MMS or email user agent.
--------------------|----------------------------------------------
--------|----------------------------------------------------------
MSA |Message Submission Agent. A server that accepts messages
|from User Agents and processes them, either delivering
|them locally or relaying to an MTA. See [Submission].
--------|----------------------------------------------------------
MTA |Mail Transfer Agent. A server that implements [SMTP].
--------|----------------------------------------------------------
=================|=================|================|==============
Information Elem |[SMTP] Element |[Msg-Fmt] Header|MMS Header
=================|=================|================|==============
3GPP MMS Version |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-3GPP-MMS
| | | -Version:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Message Type |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-Message-
(of PDU) | | | Type:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Transaction ID |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-Transact
| | | ion-Id:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Message ID |N/A |Message-ID: |Message-ID:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Recipient |RCPT TO |To:, Cc:, or |To:, Cc:, Bcc:
address(es) |address(es) |omitted (Bcc) |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Sender's address |MAIL FROM |From: |From:
|address if | |
|user-originated; | |
|MUST set MAIL | |
|FROM to null | |
|("<>") for all | |
|automatically- | |
|generated MMs | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Content type |N/A |Content-Type: |Content-type:
| | |
| |For voice mes- |
| |sages compliant |
| |to [VPIM], see |
| |Note 2 |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
=================|=================|================|==============
Information Elem |[SMTP] Element |[Msg-Fmt] Header|MMS Header
=================|=================|================|==============
Message class |Class=auto: |MAY set 'Prece |X-Mms-Message-
|MUST set MAIL | dence: bulk' | Class:
|FROM to null |on class=auto |
|("<>"). | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Date and time |N/A |Date: |Date:
of submission | | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Time of expiry |DELIVER-BY |N/A |X-Mms-Expiry:
|[Deliver-By] | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Earliest deliv- |(only for submis-|N/A |X-Mms-Delivery
ery time |sion; not relay) | | -Time:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Delivery report |DSN [DSN-SMTP] |N/A |X-Mms-Delivery
request |SHOULD also | | -Report:
|specify recip- | |
|ient address as | |
|ORCPT; SHOULD | |
|also specify | |
|ENVID | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Importance (a/k/a|N/A |Importance: |X-Mms-
"priority") | | | Priority:
| | |
| | |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Sender visib- |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Sender-
ility |supported) |supported) | Visibility:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Read reply |N/A |Disposition- |X-Mms-Read-
request | | Notification | Reply:
| | -To: [MDN] |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply-
permission |supported) |supported) | Charging:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply-
permission |supported) |supported) | Charging-
deadline | | | Deadline:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply-
permission |supported) |supported) | Charging-
limitation | | | Size:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
=================|=================|================|==============
Information Elem |[SMTP] Element |[Msg-Fmt] Header|MMS Header
=================|=================|================|==============
Reply charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply-
usage request |supported) |supported) | Charging-
| | | Id:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Reply charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply-
usage reference |supported) |supported) | Charging:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Subject |N/A |Subject: |Subject:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Previously-sent |N/A |Resent-From: |X-Mms-Previous
by | | | ly-Sent-By:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Previously-sent |N/A |Resent-Date: |X-Mms-
date | | | Previously-
| | | Sent-Date-
| | | and-Time:
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Hop/host trace |N/A |Received: |(Not sup-
| | |ported)
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Sensitivity |N/A |Sensitivity: see|N/A
| |Note 1 |
_________________|_________________|________________|______________
Content |N/A |<message body> |<message body>
=================|=================|================|==============
---------------------------|------------------
'X-Mms-Priority: High' |'Importance: High'
---------------------------|------------------
'X-Mms-Priority: Normal' |[omit]
---------------------------|------------------
'X-Mms-Priority: Low' |'Importance: Low'
---------------------------|------------------
-------------------------------|----------------------
'X-Priority: 1 (highest)' |'X-Mms-Priority: High'
-------------------------------|----------------------
'X-Priority: 2 (high)' |'X-Mms-Priority: High'
-------------------------------|----------------------
'Importance: High' |'X-Mms-Priority: High'
-------------------------------|----------------------
'X-Priority: 3 (normal)' | [omitted]
-------------------------------|----------------------
'Importance: Normal' | [omitted]
-------------------------------|----------------------
'X-Priority: 4 (low)' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low'
-------------------------------|----------------------
'Importance: Low' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low'
-------------------------------|----------------------
'X-Priority: 5 (lowest)' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low'
-------------------------------|----------------------
======================|============|===================================
Information Element |MMS Delivery|[DSN-Msg] Element
|Report Elem |
======================|============|===================================
ID of message whose |Message-Id: |'Message-ID:' preserved in third
delivery status is | |subpart of delivery report.
being reported | |
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Recipient address of |From: |'Final-Recipient' field of the
the original message | |per-recipient section.
(object of delivery | |
report) | |
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Destination address of|To: |'To:' header field value of top-
report | |level.
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of top-
message was handled | |level.
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
======================|============|===================================
Information Element |MMS Delivery|[DSN-Msg] Element
|Report Elem |
======================|============|===================================
Delivery status of |X-Mms- |Action and Status fields of
original message to | Status: |per-recipient section.
each recipient | |
| |The 'Action' field indicates if the
| |message was delivered.
| |
| |For failed delivery, an appropriate
| |'Status' value shall be included
| |per [DSN-Msg].
| |
| |The Action field is set to one of
| |the following values:
| |
| |* delivered (used for MMS status
| |values 'retrieved' and 'rejected',
| |depending on 'Status' code).
| |
| |* failed (used for MMS status
| |values 'expired' and 'unreachable')
| |
| |* delayed MAY be used for MMS
| |status value 'deferred'
| |
| |* relayed (used for MMS status
| |value 'indeterminate')
| |
| |* expanded (SHOULD NOT be used)
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Status Text | |Text in first part (human-readable
| |part).
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
===================|==================|================================
Information Element|MMS Delivery |[DSN-Msg] Element
|Report Element |
===================|==================|================================
ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Message-ID:' header preserved
message (object of | |in third sub-part of report.
delivery report) | |
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Recipient address |From: |If available, the 'Original
of the original | |-Recipient' field of the per-
message (object of | |recipient section should be
delivery report) | |used; otherwise, the 'Final-
| |Recipient' field of the per-
| |recipient section is used.
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Destination address|To: |'To:' header field value of
of report | |top-level.
| |
| |Value taken from [SMTP] envelope
| |return-path of message being
| |reported, not its 'From:' header
| |field.
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of
message was handled| |top-level.
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
===================|==================|================================
Information Element|MMS Delivery |[DSN-Msg] Element
|Report Element |
===================|==================|================================
Delivery status of |X-Mms-Status: |'Action' and 'Status' fields of
original message | |per-recipient section.
|Set to one of the |
|following values: |
| |
|'retrieved' (used |
|for 'Action' value|
|'delivered'). |
| |
|'unreachable' |
|(used for 'Action'|
|value 'failed') |
| |
|'forwarded' (used |
|for 'Action' value|
|'relayed') |
| |
|'deferred' MUST |
|NOT be used |
|(ignore DSNs with |
|'Action' value |
|'delayed') |
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Status Text | |Text in first part (human-
| |readable part).
===================|==================|================================
======================|============|===================================
Information Element |MMS Delivery|[MDN] Element
|Report Elem |
======================|============|===================================
ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Message-ID:' header preserved in
message (object of | |third part of report.
read report) | |
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Recipient address of |From: |'Final-Recipient' field.
the original message | |
======================|============|===================================
Information Element |MMS Delivery|[MDN] Element
|Report Elem |
======================|============|===================================
Destination address of|To: |'To:' header field value of top-
report | |level.
| |
| |Value taken from 'Disposition-
| |Notification-To:' header field of
| |message being reported, not its
| |'From:' header field.
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of top-
message was handled | |level.
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Disposition of message|X-Mms-Read- |Disposition-field
being reported | Status: |
| |For X-MMS-Read-Status value 'read',
| |use 'disposition-type' value
| |'displayed'; for X-MMS-Read-Status
| |value 'Deleted without being read',
| |use 'disposition-type' value
| |'deleted').
----------------------|------------|-----------------------------------
Status Text | |Text in first part (human-readable
| |part).
======================|============|===================================
===================|==================|================================
Information Element|MMS Read Report |[MDN] Element
|Element |
===================|==================|================================
ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Message-ID:' header preserved
message (object of | |in third subpart of report.
disposition report)| |
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Recipient address |From: |'Final-Recipient' field.
of the original | |
message | |
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Destination address|To: |'To:' header field value of
of report | |top-level.
| |
| |Value taken from 'Disposition-
| |Notification-To:' header field
| |of message being reported, not
| |its 'From:' header field.
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of
message was handled| |top-level.
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Disposition of |X-Mms-Read-Status:|disposition-field.
message being | |
reported |Set to one of the |
|following values: |
| |
|'read' (used for |
|disposition-type |
|value 'displayed')|
| |
|'Deleted without |
|being read' (used |
|for disposition- |
|types 'deleted', |
|'denied' and |
|'failed' when |
|action-mode is |
|'automatic- |
|action') |
-------------------|------------------|--------------------------------
Status Text | |Text in first part (human-
| |readable part).
===================|==================|================================
Code Len Type IAID DUID
+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---
| 61 | n | 255 | i1 | i2 | i3 | i4 | d1 | d2 |...
+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---
+---------------------------------------+
| |
The LLA | ROHC RTP, |
profile | Profile #1 +-----------------+
| | LLA Additions |
+---------------------+-----------------+
Smallest header in Smallest header in
ROHC RTP (profile #1) LLA (profile #5)
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ ++
| 1 octet | -----> || No Header
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ ++
|
| Header field functionality
+-------------------> provided by other means
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 | Packet type identifier
+===+===+===+===+===+===+===+===+
| C | CRC |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| |
+ +
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
| ROHC RTP HC | | ROHC RTP HD |
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
| LLA profile | | LLA profile |
+=========================+ +=========================+
| Interface | | Interface |
| ROHC to assisting layer | | Assisting layer to ROHC |
+=========================+ +=========================+
| Applicable | | Applicable |
| link technology | | link technology |
+=========================+ +=========================+
| |
+------>---- CHANNEL ---->-----+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 8 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+--------+
| |
| |
| DNS |
|Service |
| |
+--------+
^ |
| |
| |
| |
/--\ | |
| | | V
| | +--------+ +--------+
\--/ | | | |
| | | | |
---+--- | Client |-------------------->| Server |
| | | | |
| | | | |
/\ +--------+ +--------+
/ \
/ \
Gateway Region Gateway Region
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC | | FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device | | Device | | Device | Fibre
|........| |........| FC |........| |........| Channel
| N_PORT | | N_PORT |<.........>| N_PORT | | N_PORT | Device
+---+----+ +---+----+ Traffic +----+---+ +----+---+ Domain
| | | | ^
+---+----+ +---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ |
| F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | |
=+========+==+========+===========+========+==+========+==========
| iFCP Layer |<--------->| iFCP Layer | |
|....................| ^ |....................| |
| iFCP Portal | | | iFCP Portal | v
+--------+-----------+ | +----------+---------+ IP
iFCP|Gateway Control iFCP|Gateway Network
| Data |
| |
| |
|<------Encapsulated Frames------->|
| +------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ IP Network +--------+
| |
+------------------+
^ --------------
| | ^
| | |---- Time to notify NOC + process/correct
SLA | | v defect
Max - | -------------
Time | | ^
| | |----- Time to diagnose/isolate/correct
| | v
v -------------
+-------------+-------------+-------+------+-------------+
| Prefix | Server IPv4 | Flags | Port | Client IPv4 |
+-------------+-------------+-------+------+-------------+
+------+-----+-------------------+-------------+
| IPv4 | UDP | Origin indication | IPv6 packet |
+------+-----+-------------------+-------------+
+--------+--------+-----------------+
| 0x00 | 0x00 | Origin port # |
+--------+--------+-----------------+
| Origin IPv4 address |
+-----------------------------------+
+------+-----+----------------+-------------+
| IPv4 | UDP | Authentication | IPv6 packet |
+------+-----+----------------+-------------+
+------+-----+----------------+--------+-------------+
| IPv4 | UDP | Authentication | Origin | IPv6 packet |
+------+-----+----------------+--------+-------------+
/------------\ No /---------------\
| Same port? |-------->| Symmetric NAT |
\------------/ \---------------/
| Yes
V
/----------------------\
| Restricted Cone NAT |
\----------------------/
+--------+ +---------------+
| DHCP | | DOCSIS CMTS |
| Server |-...-| or DVB INA |-------------------
+--------+ | (Relay Agent) | | |
+---------------+ +------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Host1| |Host2| |Host3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+--------+ +---------------+
| DHCP | | DSL Access | +-------+
| Server |-...-| Concentrator |-...-| DSLAM |
+--------+ | (Relay Agent) | +-------+
+---------------+ | |
+------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Host1| |Host2| |Host3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
Code Len Seconds in the past
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 91 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Address 1 Address 2
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| 92 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | a2 | ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
| +-------+ +--------+
local |Ethernet | | Wireless | Access |
+---------+ A +-))) (((-+ +--> rest of network
hosts | | | link | Point |
| +-------+ +--------+
| +-------+ +--------+
local |Ethernet | | PPP link | |
+---------+ A +-----------+ Router +--> rest of network
hosts | | | | |
| +-------+ +--------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 16 bits | 16 bits | 80 bits |
+------ -+----+----+-----------------+---------+-------------------+
|11111111|0001|scop|<IPoIB signature>|< P_Key >| group ID |
+--------+----+----+-----------------+---------+-------------------+
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 16 bits | 16 bits | 48 bits | 32 bits |
+--------+----+----+----------------+---------+----------+---------+
|11111111|0001|scop|0100000000011011|< P_Key >|00.......0|<all 1's>|
+--------+----+----+----------------+---------+----------+---------+
+----------+-------------+
| Type | Protocol |
|------------------------|
| 0x800 | IPv4 |
|------------------------|
| 0x806 | ARP |
|------------------------|
| 0x8035 | RARP |
|------------------------|
| 0x86DD | IPv6 |
+------------------------+
|<------ IB Frame headers -------->|<- Payload ->|<- IB trailers ->|
+-------+------+---------+---------+-------------+---------+-------+
|Local | |Base |Datagram | 4-octet | | |
|Routing| GRH* |Transport|Extended | header |Invariant|Variant|
|Header |Header|Header |Transport| + | CRC | CRC |
| | | |Header | IP/ARP | | |
+-------+------+---------+---------+-------------+---------+-------+
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+---------+---------+
|Local |Global |Base |Datagram |Packet |Invariant| Variant |
|Routing |Routing|Transport|Extended |Payload| CRC | CRC |
|Header |Header |Header |Transport| (IP) | | |
| | | |Header | | | |
+--------+-------+---------+---------+-------+---------+---------+
|<-------Network Connection---------->|
| |
| (++++++++) (++++++++) |
|( SNC ) LC ( SNC ) |
(o)--------(o)----------(o)--------(o)|
TCP( )| CP CP |( )TCP
(++++++++) | | (++++++++)
| |
| Trail |
|<-------->|
| |
--- ---
\ / \ /
- -
AP 0 0 AP
| |
(oo)------(oo)
+----------------------+
| |
| RTP Header |
| |
---------+----------------------+
| | |
| |COMMON + TYPE 1 Header|
| ........................
UNIT 1 - | |
| | Text Sample |
| | |
|-------\........................
-------/| |
| |COMMON + TYPE 1 Header|
| ........................
UNIT 2 - | |
| | Text Sample |
| | |
| | |
---------+----------------------+
+----------------------+
| |
| RTP Header |
| |
---------+----------------------+
| | COMMON + TYPE 2 |
| | (or 3 or 4) Hdr |
| ........................
UNIT 3 - | |
| | Text Sample Fragment |
| | |
| | |
---------+----------------------+
RTP payload (1,2,3)(1,2,3) (2,3,4)(2,3,4) (3,4,5)(3,4,5) ...
Time: <----1s------> <----1s------> <-----1s-----> ...
TEXT SAMPLE (length=stsz)
.--------------------------------------------------.
/ \
TEXT STRING (length=TBC)
.------------------------------------.
/ \
TBC BOM MODIFIERS
+---+---+----------------------------------+-----------+
||
|| TBC BOM -> TLEN field
|| +---+---+ U bit
||
\/
TEXT SAMPLE (length=SLEN w/o TBC,BOM)
.--------------------------------------------.
/ \
TEXT STRING (length=TLEN)
.--------------------------------.
/ \
TEXT STRING MODIFIERS
+----------------------------------+-----------+
N/A TS1 TS2 TS3
+------+-----+------+-----+
|TYPE5 |TYPE1|TYPE1 |TYPE1|
+------+-----+------+-----+
N/A sdur1 sdur2 sdur3
TS4 TS4 TS4
+--------------+ +--------------+
| TYPE2 | |TYPE2 |TYPE 3 | b)
+--------------+ +--------------+
sdur4 sdur4 sdur4
TS4 TS4
+--------------+ +--------------+
| TYPE2| TYPE 3| | TYPE4 | c)
+--------------+ +--------------+
sdur4 sdur4 sdur4
|----------PAYLOAD 1------| |--PAYLOAD 2---| |--PAYLOAD 3---|
rtpts1 rtpts2 rtpts3
N/A TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS4 TS4
+------+-----+------+-----+ +--------------+ +--------------+
|TYPE5 |TYPE1|TYPE1 |TYPE1| | TYPE2 | |TYPE2 |TYPE 3 |
+------+-----+------+-----+ +--------------+ +--------------+
N/A sdur1 sdur2 sdur3 sdur4 sdur4 sdur4
+-------------------------------------------+
| <-> tx | +-------------+
| +-------------------------------+ |<---|Display Area |
| ^ | | | +-------------+
| : | | |
| :ty| | | +-------------+
| : | |<---------|Video track |
| : | | | +-------------+
| : | | |
| : | | |
| : | | |
| v | | |
| - | x-------------------------+ | | +-------------+
|h ^ | | |<-----------|Text Track |
|e : +---|-------------------------|-+ | +-------------+
|i : | +---------------------+ | |
|g : | | | | | +-------------+
|h : | | |<------------ |Text Box |
|t v | +---------------------+ | | +-------------+
| - +-------------------------+ |
+-------------------------------------------+
<........................>
w i d t h
+------------------------------------------+
| FCIP Device |
| |
| +-----------+ +-----------+ |
| |FCIP Entity| |FCIP Entity| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| +--+--+--+--+ +--+--+--+--+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| FCIP Links FCIP Links |
| |
+------------------------------------------+
0 8 16 24 32
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
|Version| Type | 000 | 00000000 | Length |
+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
UA1 UA2 UA3
| | |
| INVITE (R-P:3) | |
|----------------------->| |
| 200 OK | |
|<-----------------------| |
| ACK | |
|----------------------->| |
| RTP | |
|<======================>| |
| | INVITE (R-P:2) |
| |<------------------------|
| BYE (Reason : ? ) | |
|<-----------------------| |
| | 200 OK |
| |------------------------>|
| 200 OK | |
|----------------------->| |
| | ACK |
| |<------------------------|
| | RTP |
| |<=======================>|
| | |
UA1 UA2
\ /
\ /
+--------+ +--------+
| | | |
| RTR1 | | RTR2 |
| Int7-------Int5 |
| | | |
+--------+ +--------+
/ \
/ \
UA3 UA4
UA1 Rtr2 UA2
| | |
| INVITE with QoS Preconditions (R-P:3) |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| ******************************************** |
| * - QoS Preconditions established UA1-UA2 * |
| * - SIP signaling continues... * |
| ******************************************** |
| 200 OK |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| ACK |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| RTP |
|<================================================>|
| ******************************************** |
| * -UA3 sends INV with QoS Preconditions * |
| * to UA4 w/ RP:2; * |
| * -Reservation set-up occurs between UA3 * |
| * and UA4 * |
| * -Router 2 in Figure 2 must preempt * |
| * reservation between UA1 & UA2 * |
| * ****************************************** |
| |
| | ResvErr |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| |
| BYE (Reason : ? ) |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| 200 OK |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| |
**************************
* TDM network *
* +---------+
* User 1 | |
* O ==========>| SIP GW1 |================> UA2
* /|\ ^ | | |
* / \ | +---------+ |
* | * |
**********|*************** | |
| | Preemption |
Preemption ---------> |--------------------->|
Event Indication
UA1 UA2 UA3
| | |
| INVITE (R-P:3) | |
|---------------------------------->| |
| 200 OK | |
|<----------------------------------| |
| ACK | |
|---------------------------------->| |
| RTP | |
|<=================================>| |
| | INVITE (R-P:2) |
| |<-------------------|
| BYE (Reason: Preemption ; | |
| cause=1 ;text="UA Preemption") | |
|<----------------------------------| |
| | 200 OK |
| |------------------->|
| 200 OK | |
|---------------------------------->| |
| | ACK |
| |<-------------------|
| | RTP |
| |<==================>|
| | |
UA1 Rtr2 UA2
| | |
| INVITE with QoS Preconditions (R-P:3) |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| ******************************************** |
| * - QoS Preconditions established UA1-UA2 * |
| * - SIP signaling continues... * |
| ******************************************** |
| 200 OK |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
| ACK |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| RTP |
|<===================================================>|
| ******************************************** |
| * -UA3 sends INV with QoS Preconditions * |
| * to UA4 w/ RP:2; * |
| * -Reservation set-up occurs between UA3 * |
| * and UA4 * |
| * -Router 2 in Figure 2 must preempt * |
| * reservation between UA1 & UA2 * |
| * ********************************************* |
| |
| | ResvErr |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| |
| BYE (Reason : Preemption ;cause=2 ; |
| text="Reserved Resources Preempted") |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
| 200 OK |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| |
............
UA1 SIP GW1 . User3 .
| | . .
| INVITE (R-P:1) | . .
|-------------------------------------->| . Non-IP .
| 200 OK | . .
|<--------------------------------------| . Network .
| ACK | . .
|-------------------------------------->| . .
| RTP | . .
|<=====================================>| . .
| | . .
| BYE (Reason: Preemption ; |<==Preemption Indication
| cause=4 ;text="Non-IP Preemption") | . .
|<--------------------------------------| . .
| | ............
User A User B
| |
| INVITE F1 |
|----------------------->|
| 180 Ringing F2 |
|<-----------------------|
| |
| 200 OK F3 |
|<-----------------------|
| ACK F4 |
|----------------------->|
| Both Way RTP Media |
|<======================>|
| |
User A User B
| |
| INVITE F1 |
|----------------------->|
| 417 R-P failed F2 |
|<-----------------------|
| ACK F3 |
|----------------------->|
| |
| INVITE F4 |
|----------------------->|
| 180 Ringing F5 |
|<-----------------------|
| 200 OK F6 |
|<-----------------------|
| ACK F7 |
|----------------------->|
| |
| Both Way RTP Media |
|<======================>|
+-------+ +------+ +-------+
|Mail |-------(1)------>| |-----------(2)-------->|Mail |
|Client | Submit msg | | Notification /|Client |
+-------+ | | / +--+----+
| | / ^
| |<----------(3)-----+ /
|Server| Retrieval request /
| | /
| | /
| |-----------(4)-------+
| | Retrieval response
| |
+------+
|-------------|
|-------| RFC-822/MIME | |
| | |---------------------------| MTA |
| | | mail submission -> | |(E)SMTP
Telephone--|TUI|TUA| |------| |-----to
| | | Proprietary Protocol | | |another
| | |---------------------------| MS | | email
|-------| < - mail retrieval | | | server
|-------------|
mail client email server
|-------------|
|-------| RFC-822/MIME | |
| | |---------------------------| MTA |
| | | mail submission -> | |(E)SMTP
Telephone--|TUI|TUA| |------| |-----to
| | | IETF protocol | | |another
| | |---------------------------| MS | | mail
|-------| <- mail retrieval | | | server
|-------------|
mail client email server
(E)SMTP (client-server) |-------------|
|-------| RFC-822/MIME | |
| | |---------------------------| |
| | | mail submission -> | |(E)SMTP
-|GUI|GUA| | |-----to
| | | | IETF standard protocol |------------ |another
| | | |----------------------------to MS below| | mail
| |-------| <- mail retrieval |------------ | server
| | | |
Handheld | | | |
Device WUI | | MTA |
| | | |
| | | |
| |-------| RFC-822/MIME | |
| | | |---------------------------| |
| | | | mail submission -> | |
-|TUI|TUA| |------| |
| | | IETF standard protocol | | |
| | |---------------------------| MS | |
|-------| <- mail retrieval | | |
|-------------|
TUI client voice mail server
|---------| |------------|
wireless ||-------|| | |
device || MMS || | |<- MM2 ->
|| USER |---------------------------| |---------
|| AGENT |<- MM1 ->| | to
||-------|| | | another
|---------| | | MMS
| | relay/
|--------| | | server
e.g., | | | |
Email, |EXTERNAL| | |
Fax, or| SERVER |--------------------------| |
UMS | |<- MM3 ->| |
|--------| | |
| |
|---------| | |
|"FOREIGN"| | |
| MMS |-------------------------| |
| relay/ |<- MM4 ->| |
| server | | |
|---------| | |
| MMS |
|-------| |relay/server|
| | | |
| HLR |---------------------------| |
| |<- MM5 ->| |
|-------| | |
| |
|-------| | |
| MMS | | |
| USER |---------------------------| |
| DBs |<- MM6 ->| |
|-------| | |
| |
|-------| | |
| MMS | | |
| VAS |---------------------------| |
| APPs |<- MM7 ->| |
|-------| |------------|
|---------| |------------|
wireless ||-------|| | |
device || IMAP || | |<- MM2 ->
|| USER || | |---------
|| AGENT || | | to
||---^---|| | | another
|----|---|| | | MMS
| LEMONADE Enhanced IMAP and | | relay/
|---V----| SMTP | | server
e.g., | | | |
Email, |EXTERNAL| | |
Fax, or| SERVER |--------------------------| |
UMS | |<- MM3 ->| |
|--------| | |
| |
|---------| | |
|"FOREIGN"| | |
| MMS |-------------------------| |
| relay/ |<- MM4 ->| |
| server | | |
|---------| | |
| MMS |
|-------| |relay/server|
| | | |
| HLR |---------------------------| |
| |<- MM5 ->| |
|-------| | |
| |
|-------| | |
| MMS | | |
| USER |---------------------------| |
| DBs |<- MM6 ->| |
|-------| | |
| |
|-------| | |
| MMS | | |
| VAS |---------------------------| |
| APPs |<- MM7 ->| |
|-------| |------------|
SMTP LDAP XMPP Other protocols ...
\ | | /
\ | | /
SASL abstraction layer
/ | | \
/ | | \
EXTERNAL GSSAPI PLAIN Other mechanisms ...
Service ------ Socket Service ------ Socket
| |
| |
| |
| |
End-point | End-point --- Host Identity
\ | |
\ | |
\ | |
\ | |
Location --- IP address Location --- IP address
Capture: |I0 P1 B2 B3 P4 B5 B6 P7 B8 B9 ...
|
Coded order: | I0 P1 P4 B2 B3 P7 B5 B6 ...
|
Display order: | I0 P1 B2 B3 P4 B5 B6 ...
|
|+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--> time
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| FRAG | RA | SL | LP | PT | DT | R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
------- ------- ------- -------
| | | |Tx Rx| | | |
| NodeA |----...----| NodeB |xxxxxxxxx| NodeC |----...----| NodeD |
| |----...----| |---------| |----...----| |
------- ------- ------- -------
t1 x <---------------x
Notification
t2 <--------...--------x x--------...-------->
Up Notification Down Notification
------- ------- ------- -------
| | | |Tx Rx| | | |
| NodeA |----...----| NodeB |xxxxxxxxx| NodeC |----...----| NodeD |
| |----...----| |xxxxxxxxx| |----...----| |
------- ------- ------- -------
t1 x <-------------> x
Notification
t2 <--------...--------x x--------...-------->
Up Notification Down Notification
+----- Shared (for instance: 1:N, M:N, etc.)
|
Level of |
Overbooking -----+----- Unprotected (for instance: 0:1, 0:N)
- ---------- Max Reservable Bandwidth
| ----- ^
|R ----- |
| ----- |
- ----- |max_R
----- |
-------- TE link Capacity - ------ | - Maximum TE Link Bandwidth
----- |r ----- v
----- <------ b ------> - ---------- Maximum LSP Bandwidth
----- -----
----- -----
----- -----
----- -----
----- ----- <--- Minimum LSP Bandwidth
-------- 0 ---------- 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Path Search (computation and selection)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Pre-planned (a) | Dynamic (b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| | faster recovery | Does not apply
| | less flexible |
| 1 | less robust |
| | most resource-consuming |
Path | | |
Setup ------------------------------------------------------------
| | relatively fast recovery | Does not apply
| | relatively flexible |
| 2 | relatively robust |
| | resource consumption |
| | depends on sharing degree |
------------------------------------------------------------
| | relatively fast recovery | less faster (computation)
| | more flexible | most flexible
| 3 | relatively robust | most robust
| | less resource-consuming | least resource-consuming
| | depends on sharing degree |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| EPOCH |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
~ AP-REQ ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| EPOCH |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
~ AP-REP ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ KRB-ERROR ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ PrincName (variable) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
~ TGT (variable) ~
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Next Payload | RESERVED | Payload Length |
+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------------+
| InnerNextPload| QMMaj | QMMin | RESERVED |
+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------------+
| Quick Mode Payloads (variable) |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
MN FA Requested/Assigned HA
| 1 | |
|------------>| 2 |
| |--------------->|
| | |
| | |
| | 3 |
| 4 |<---------------|
|<------------| |
| | |
| | 5 |
|----------------------------->|
| | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Src IP=| Dest IP = | MN HoA | HA Address = | CoA = |
| MN | FA | | ALL-ZERO-ONE-ADDR |FA CoA |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Src IP=| Dest IP = | MN HoA | HA Address = | CoA = |
|Assigned| Src IP of | | Assigned HA |FA CoA/|
| HA | the RRQ | | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Src IP=| Dest IP = | MN HoA | HA Address = | CoA = |
| FA | MN | | Assigned HA |FA CoA/|
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
MN FA Requested HA Redirected HA
| 1 | | |
|------------>| 2 | |
| |--------------->| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | 3 | |
| 4 |<---------------| |
|<------------| | |
| | | |
| | 5 | |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Src IP=| Dest IP = | MN HoA | HA Address = | CoA = |
| MN | FA | | ALL-ZERO-ONE-ADDR |FA CoA |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Src IP=| Dest IP = | MN HoA | HA Address = | CoA = |
| FA |Requested HA| | ALL-ZERO-ONE-ADDR |FA CoA |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------+
IMG | |
Data Types | Complete Desc., Delta Desc., Pointer |
| |
+-------------------+----------------+-------------+
IMG | IMG ANNOUNCE | IMG SUBSCRIBE | IMG QUERY |
Operations | | IMG NOTIFY | IMG RESOLVE |
+--------------+----+----------------+-------------+
IMG | | |
Transport | P-to-M | P-to-P |
| | |
+--------------+-----------------------------------+
+-------------+ +---------------+
| IMG Sender | | IMG Receiver |
| |--------------->| |
+-------------+ +---------------+
Unidirectional +----------+
---------------> | IMG |
downlink | Listener |
------------->| 1 |
/ +----------+
+-----------+ / .
| IMG |-------- .
| Announcer | \ .
+-----------+ \ +----------+
------------->| IMG |
| Listener |
| # |
+----------+
+----------+ +----------+
| IMG | | IMG |
| Resolver | | Querier |
+----------+ +----------+
| |
|<----------IMG QUERY -----------|
| |
|----------IMG RESOLVE---------->|
| |
+----------+ +------------+
| IMG | | IMG |
| Notifier | | Subscriber |
+----------+ +------------+
| |
|<---------IMG SUBSCRIBE---------|
: :
(time passes)
: :
|-----------IMG NOTIFY---------->|
: :
(time passes)
: :
|-----------IMG NOTIFY---------->|
| |
/x/y/z.html
|
| /x -> /a
|
v
/a/y/z.html
|
| /a/y -> /b
|
v
/b/z.html
|
| /b/z.html -> /c/d.html
|
v
/c/d.html
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
|Attachment| |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| |Attachment|
| Circuit V V V V Circuit |
V (AC) +----+ +----+ (AC) V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
native service native service
------------------
Y | Received Label | N
-------| Mapping Msg? |--------------
| ------------------ |
-------------- |
| | |
------- ------- |
| C=0 | | C=1 | |
------- ------- |
| | |
| ---------------- |
| | Control Word | N |
| | Capable? |----------- |
| ---------------- | |
| Y | | |
| | | |
| ---------------- | |
| | Control Word | N | |
| | Preferred? |---- | |
| ---------------- | | |
| Y | | | |
| | | | ----------------
| | | | | Control Word |
| | | | | Preferred? |
| | | | ----------------
| | | | N | Y |
| | | | | |
Send Send Send Send Send Send
C=0 C=1 C=0 C=0 C=0 C=1
| | | |
----------------------------------
| If receive the same as sent, |
| PW setup is complete. If not: |
----------------------------------
| | | |
------------------- -----------
| Receive | | Receive |
| C=1 | | C=0 |
------------------- -----------
| |
Wait for the Send
next message Wrong C-Bit
|
Send Label
Mapping Message
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| PW End V V V V PW End |
V Service +----+ +----+ Service V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
Attachment Circuit (AC) Attachment Circuit (AC)
native Ethernet service native Ethernet service
+-----------------------------------+
| PE |
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | PSN | |P|
| |<==|h|<=| NSP |<=|minati|<=|Tunnel|<=|h|<== From PSN
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
| C | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| E | | |
| | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | PSN | |P|
| |==>|h|=>| NSP |=>|minati|=>|Tunnel|=>|h|==> To PSN
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| |
+-----------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
A B C
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Tag-> | service delimiting | non service delimiting|
|-------------+---------------------+-----------------------|
| Raw Mode | 1st VLAN Tag Removed| no operation performed|
|-------------+---------------------+-----------------------|
| Tagged Mode | NO OP or Tag Added | Tag Added |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
Service and | Encap on C |Operation at B | Remarks
Encap on A | |ingress/egress |
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
1) Raw | Raw - Same as | |
| A | |
| | |
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
2) Tag1 | Tag2 |Optional change| VLAN can be
| |of VLAN value | 0-4095
| | | Change allowed in
| | | both directions
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
3) No Tag | Tag |Add/remove Tag | Tag can be
| |field | 0-4095
| | | (note i)
| | |
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
4) Tag | No Tag |Remove/add Tag | (note ii)
| |field |
| | |
| | |
--------------|---------------|---------------|------------------
----------------------------------
|#of available classes of service|
-------------||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
User || 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Priority || | | | | | | | |
===============================================
0 Best Effort|| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
(Default) || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
1 Background || 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|| | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
2 Spare || 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
|| | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
3 Excellent || 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Effort || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
4 Controlled || 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
Load || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
5 Interactive|| 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
Multimedia || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
6 Interactive|| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
Voice || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
7 Network || 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Control || | | | | | | | |
------------ ||---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---|
ATM Ckt Provisioned
ATM Ckt Provisioned
ATM Ckt ACTIVE
ICRQ (status = 0x03) ---->
ATM Ckt ACTIVE
<----- ICRP (status = 0x03)
L2TP session established
OK to send data into PW
+---------------------------------+
SCSI Command | Higher-level MIBs, specific to |
Sets | command sets, disk, tape, etc. |
+---------------------------------+
SCSI | SCSI MIB |
+-------+---------+-------+-------+
SCSI | iSCSI | FCP | SPI | Other |
Transport | MIB | MIB | MIB | MIBs |
Protocols | | | | |
+-------+---------+-------+-------+
SCSI | TCP | Fibre | Other |
Interconnect | MIB | Channel | Interconnect |
| | MIBs | MIBs |
+-------+---------+---------------+
+-----------+
| +--------+-+ SCSI Transport +---------+
| | SCSI |---------------------------------------+ SCSI |
|* | Initiator+---------------------------------------+ Target |
+--| Device | SCSI Transport | Device |
| | * | | * |
| +----------+ +---------+
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|SNMP | SNMP +----------+ SNMP |
+-------+------------------|SCSI |-------------------+
|Management|
| (NMS) |
+----------+
+-----------+ +----------+
| +----------+ +---------------+ +-+-------+ |
| |SCSI |--------------| Virtualization| | SCSI | |
|* |Initiator +--------------| Device +-------+ Target | |
+--|Device | SCSI | | | Device | *|
| | * | | * | | * |--+
| +----------+ Transport +------------+--+ +---------+ |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | SNMP +-----------+ | SNMP | |
+-------+------------------+ SCSI + +-+------------+-------+
| Management|
| (NMS) |
+-----------+
Alice Proxy Bob voicemail
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| INVITE F2 | |
| |------------->| |
|(100 Trying) F3 | | |
|<---------------| 486 Busy F4 | |
| |<-------------| |
| | ACK F5 | |
| |------------->| |
|(181 Call is Being Forwarded) F6 |
|<---------------| | INVITE F7 |
| |--------------------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Alice Proxy Bob voicemail
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| INVITE F2 | |
| |------------->| |
| | 302 Moved F3 | |
| 302 Moved F4 |<-------------| |
|<---------------| | |
| ACK F5 | | |
|--------------->| ACK F6 | |
| |------------->| |
| INVITE F7 |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Alice Proxy Bob voicemail
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|--------------->| INVITE F2 | |
| |------------->| |
|(100 Trying) F3 | | |
|<---------------| 302 Moved F4 | |
| |<-------------| |
| | ACK F5 | |
| |------------->| |
|(181 Call is Being Forwarded) F6 |
|<---------------| | INVITE F7 |
| |--------------------------------->|
* Rest of flow not shown *
Parameter Name Predefined Values Reference
____________________________________________
target No [RFC4458]
cause Yes [RFC4458]
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{app sets association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A
& other info] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z)
/-- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A,
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z,
(Cancel T1-init timer) <-----/ Cookie_Z, & other info]
(destroy temp TCB)
COOKIE ECHO [Cookie_Z] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (build TCB enter ESTABLISHED
state)
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init
/ TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
...
{app sends 2 messages;strm 0}
/---- DATA
/ [TSN=init TSN_Z
<--/ Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data 1]
SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_Z, / ---- DATA
Block=0] --------\ / [TSN=init TSN_Z +1,
\/ Strm=0,Seq=2 & user data 2]
<------/\
\
\------>
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{app sets association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A
& other info] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z)
/-- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A,
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z,
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z, & other info]
(destroy temp TCB)
COOKIE ECHO [Cookie_Z] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (build TCB enter ESTABLISHED
state)
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init
/ TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
...
{app sends 2 messages;strm 0}
/---- DATA
/ [TSN=init TSN_Z
<--/ Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data 1]
SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_Z, /---- DATA
Block=0] --------\ / [TSN=init TSN_Z +1,
\/ Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data 2]
<------/\
\
\------>
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
<------------ Association is established---------------------->
Tag=Tag_A Tag=Tag_Z
<------------------------------------------------------------->
{A crashes and restarts}
{app sets up a association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A'
& other info] --------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (find a existing TCB
compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z
with Tie-Tags to previous
association)
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A',
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z',
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z[TieTags=
Tag_A,Tag_Z
& other info]
(destroy temp TCB,leave original
in place)
COOKIE ECHO [Veri=Tag_Z',
Cookie_Z
Tie=Tag_A,
Tag_Z]----------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (Find existing association,
Tie-Tags match old tags,
Tags do not match i.e.,
case X X M M above,
Announce Restart to ULP
and reset association).
/---- COOKIE-ACK
(Cancel T1-init timer, <------/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/--- SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
<-------------- Association is established---------------------->
Tag=Tag_A Tag=Tag_Z
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
{A crashes and restarts}
{app sets up a association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A'
& other info] --------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (find a existing TCB
compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z
with Tie-Tags to previous
association)
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A',
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z',
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z[TieTags=
Tag_A,Tag_Z
& other info]
(destroy temp TCB,leave original
in place)
COOKIE ECHO [Veri=Tag_Z',
Cookie_Z
Tie=Tag_A,
Tag_Z]----------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (Find existing association,
Tie-Tags match old tags,
Tags do not match i.e.,
case X X M M above,
Announce Restart to ULP
and reset association).
/---- COOKIE-ACK
(Cancel T1-init timer, <------/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/--- SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
Source 1 (S1)
|
I-LSR1
| |
| |
R2----E-LSR3--LSR1 LSR2---E-LSR2--Receiver 1 (R1)
| :
R3----E-LSR4 E-LSR5
| :
| :
R4 R5
|--------------------|
||------------------|| |----------------------|
|| Application Layer|| ||--------------------||
||------------------|| || TTS | ASR | Fax ||
|| ASR/TTS API || ||Plugin|Plugin|Plugin||
||------------------|| || on | on | on ||
|| MRCP Core || || MRCP | MRCP | MRCP ||
|| Protocol Stack || ||--------------------||
||------------------|| || RTSP Stack ||
|| RTSP Stack || || ||
||------------------|| ||--------------------||
|| TCP/IP Stack ||========IP=========|| TCP/IP Stack ||
||------------------|| ||--------------------||
|--------------------| |----------------------|
Idle Speaking Paused
State State State
| | |
|----------SPEAK------->| |--------|
|<------STOP------------| CONTROL |
|<----SPEAK-COMPLETE----| |------->|
|<----BARGE-IN-OCCURRED-| |
| |--------| |
| CONTROL |-----------PAUSE--------->|
| |------->|<----------RESUME---------|
| | |----------|
| | PAUSE |
| | |--------->|
| |--------|----------| |
| BARGE-IN-OCCURRED | SPEECH-MARKER |
| |------->|<---------| |
|----------| | |------------|
| STOP | SPEAK |
| | | |----------->|
|<---------| |
|<-------------------STOP--------------------------|
Idle Recognizing Recognized
State State State
| | |
|---------RECOGNIZE---->|---RECOGNITION-COMPLETE-->|
|<------STOP------------|<-----RECOGNIZE-----------|
| | |
| | |-----------|
| |--------| GET-RESULT |
| START-OF-SPEECH | |---------->|
|------------| |------->| |
| | |----------| |
| DEFINE-GRAMMAR | RECOGNITION-START-TIMERS |
|<-----------| |<---------| |
| | |
| | |
|-------| | |
| STOP | |
|<------| | |
| |
|<-------------------STOP--------------------------|
|<-------------------DEFINE-GRAMMAR----------------|
0 64 128 256 512
| scratch-pad | variables | bytecode | dictionary | circular buffer |
+-------------+-----------+----------+------------+-----------------+
<-----------> <---------> <--------> <----------> <--------------->
64 bytes 64 bytes 128 bytes 256 bytes 512+ bytes
+-----------------------------+
| Compartment 0 |
| |
| |
| State a |
| |
| +-------------------+---------+
| | | |
| | | |
| | State d | |
| | | |
| | | |
+---------+---------+---------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | State e | State g | | State c |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| +---------+---------+---------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| State b | State f | |
| | | |
| | | Compartment 2 |
| +---------+-------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Compartment 1 |
+-----------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +----------------+ |
| +----------------+| |
| | || |
| | || |
| | Person || |
| | ||\ |
| /| |+ \ |
| / +----------------+ \ |
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
| V V V |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| +----------------+| +----------------+| +----------------+| |
| | || | || | || |
| | || | || | || |
| | Service || | Service || | Service || |
| | || | || | || |
| | |+ | |+ | |+ |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| \ / \ |
| \ / \ |
| \ / \ |
| V V V |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| +----------------+| +----------------+| |
| | || | || |
| | || | || |
| | Device || | Device || |
| | || | || |
| | |+ | |+ |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| |
| |
| Presentity (URI) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
Watcher Presence Server
| |
| SUBSCRIBE |
|-------------------------->|
| 200 OK |
|<--------------------------|
| |
| NOTIFY |
|<--------------------------|
| 200 OK |
|-------------------------->|
| |
| NOTIFY (w/URI) |
|<--------------------------|
| 200 |
|-------------------------->|
| |
| HTTP GET |
|-------------------------->|
| |
| application/cpim-pidf+xml |
|<--------------------------|
| |
UAC UAS Web Server
(User Agent (User Agent |
Client) Server) |
| | |
| MESSAGE w/URI | |
|------------------->| |
| 200 | |
|<-------------------| |
| | |
| | HTTP GET |
| |--------------->|
| | image/jpeg |
| |<---------------|
| | |
+----------------+ | |
| +------------+ | Request | +------------+ |
| | Entity | |------------------------>| | Assertion | |
| | requesting | | | | Granting | |
| | authz | |<------------------------| | Entity | |
| | assertions | | Assertion | +------------+ |
| +------------+ | | ^ |
| | | | . Trust |
| | | | . Rel. |
| | | | v |
| | | | +------------+ |
| Transfer | | | Assertion | |
| | | | | Verifying | |
| | | | | Entity | |
| | | | +------------+ |
| | | | |
| v | +----------------+
| +------------+ | Service Request + ^ |
| | Entity | | Assertion | |
| | using authz| | -----------------------------+ |
| | assertion | | |
| +------------+ | <-------------------------------+
+----------------+ Response/Error
+----------------+ +----+
| | | HA |
| | +----+
| | Home Agent
| +---+ +----+ of A +---+
| | A | | FW | | B |
| +---+ +----+ +---+
|Internal | External
| MN | Node
| |
+----------------+
Network protected
+----------------+ +----+
| | | HA |
| | +----+
| | Home Agent
| +---+ +----+ of B
| |CN | | FW |
| | C | +----+
| +---+ | +---+
| | | B |
| | +---+
+----------------+ External Mobile
Network protected Node
by a firewall
+----------------+
| +----+ HoTI (HoA) +----+
| | FW |X<---------------|HA B|
| +----X +----+
| +------+ | ^ CoTI & HoTI ^
| | CN C | | | dropped by FW |
| +------+ | | | HoTI
| | | |
| | | CoTI (CoA)+------+
| | +------------------| MN B |
+----------------+ +------+
Network protected External Mobile
by a firewall Node
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 64 | 32 |
+--------+----+----+--------+--------+----------------+----------+
|11111111|flgs|scop|reserved| plen | IID | group ID |
+--------+----+----+--------+--------+----------------+----------+
Symmetric | ECC | DH/DSA/RSA
------------+---------+-------------
80 | 163 | 1024
112 | 233 | 2048
128 | 283 | 3072
192 | 409 | 7680
256 | 571 | 15360
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*+
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*+
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*+
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
------------------------------------------
Curve names chosen by
different standards organizations
------------+---------------+-------------
SECG | ANSI X9.62 | NIST
------------+---------------+-------------
sect163k1 | | NIST K-163
sect163r1 | |
sect163r2 | | NIST B-163
sect193r1 | |
sect193r2 | |
sect233k1 | | NIST K-233
sect233r1 | | NIST B-233
sect239k1 | |
sect283k1 | | NIST K-283
sect283r1 | | NIST B-283
sect409k1 | | NIST K-409
sect409r1 | | NIST B-409
sect571k1 | | NIST K-571
sect571r1 | | NIST B-571
secp160k1 | |
secp160r1 | |
secp160r2 | |
secp192k1 | |
secp192r1 | prime192v1 | NIST P-192
secp224k1 | |
secp224r1 | | NIST P-224
secp256k1 | |
secp256r1 | prime256v1 | NIST P-256
secp384r1 | | NIST P-384
secp521r1 | | NIST P-521
------------+---------------+-------------
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Algorithm Generate_Subkey +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ +
+ Input : K (128-bit key) +
+ Output : K1 (128-bit first subkey) +
+ K2 (128-bit second subkey) +
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ +
+ Constants: const_Zero is 0x00000000000000000000000000000000 +
+ const_Rb is 0x00000000000000000000000000000087 +
+ Variables: L for output of AES-128 applied to 0^128 +
+ +
+ Step 1. L := AES-128(K, const_Zero); +
+ Step 2. if MSB(L) is equal to 0 +
+ then K1 := L << 1; +
+ else K1 := (L << 1) XOR const_Rb; +
+ Step 3. if MSB(K1) is equal to 0 +
+ then K2 := K1 << 1; +
+ else K2 := (K1 << 1) XOR const_Rb; +
+ Step 4. return K1, K2; +
+ +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Algorithm Verify_MAC +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ +
+ Input : K ( 128-bit Key ) +
+ : M ( message to be verified ) +
+ : len ( length of the message in octets ) +
+ : T' ( the received MAC to be verified ) +
+ Output : INVALID or VALID +
+ +
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ +
+ Step 1. T* := AES-CMAC(K,M,len); +
+ Step 2. if T* is equal to T' +
+ then +
+ return VALID; +
+ else +
+ return INVALID; +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ Algorithm AES-CMAC-96 +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ +
+ Input : K (128-bit Key described in Section 4.1) +
+ : M (message to be authenticated) +
+ : len (length of message in octets) +
+ Output : Truncated T (truncated output to length 12 octets) +
+ +
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ +
+ Step 1. T := AES-CMAC (K,M,len); +
+ Step 2. TT := truncate (T, 12); +
+ return TT; +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+------------+ +------------+
| |Int 1 | |Int 7 | |
Flow 1===> | +----- | |------+ | Flow 1===>
| R1 |Int 2 |===========>|Int 8 | R2 |
| | |:::::::::::>| | |
Flow 2:::> | +----- | |------+ | Flow 2:::>
| |Int 3 | |Int 9 | |
+------------+ +------------+
+-------+ +---------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+
|mail M| |M mail M| SMTP |M mail M| SMTP |M mail M| |M mail |
|clnt U|--|S srvr T|------|T gway T|------|T srvr D|--|U clnt |
| A| |A A| |A A| |A A| |A |
+-------+ +---------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+
+-------+ +---------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+
|mail M| |M mail M| SMTP |M mail M| SMTP |M mail M| |M mail |
|clnt U|--|S srvr T|------|T gway T|------|T srvr D|--|U clnt |
| A| |A A| |A A| |A A| |A |
+-------+ +---------+ +---------+ +--------+ +-------+
| | |
| OCP | OCP | OCP
| | |
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+
| callout | | callout | | callout |
| server | | server | | server |
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+
+------+ IP network PISN
| |
|SIP | +------+
|Proxy | /| |
| | / |PINX |
+---+--+ *-----------+ / | |
| | | +-----+/ +------+
| | | | |
| | | |PINX |
---+-----+-------+--------+ Gateway +--------| |
| | | | | |\
| | | | +-----+ \
| | | | \ +------+
| | | | \| |
+--+---+ +--+---+ *-----------+ |PINX |
|SIP | |SIP | | |
|End- | |End- | +------+
|point | |point |
+------+ +------+
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
PISN | | IP NETWORK
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG SETUP | | 1-INVITE |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->| 2
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG CALL PROCEEDING | | 1-100 TRYING |
3|<-----------------------| |<-----------------------+ 4
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG ALERTING | | 1-180 RINGING |
8|<-----------------------|......|<-----------------------+ 5
| | | |
| | | 2-PRACK |
| | |----------------------->| 6
| | | 2-200 OK |
| | |<-----------------------+ 7
| | | |
| QSIG CONNECT | | 1-200 OK |
11|<-----------------------|......|<-----------------------+ 9
| | | |
| QSIG CONNECT ACK | | 1-ACK |
12|----------------------->| |----------------------->| 10
| | | |
|<======================>| |<======================>|
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
+------------------------+
PISN | GATEWAY | IP NETWORK
| |
| QSIG SETUP +--------+-------+-------+ |
1|-------------------------->| | |
| | | |
| QSIG SETUP ACK | | |
2|<--------------------------| | |
| | | |
| QSIG INFORMATION | | |
3|-------------------------->| | |
| | | |
| QSIG INFORMATION | | 1-INVITE |
3a|-------------------------->|.......|----------------------->|4
| QSIG CALL PROCEEDING | | 1-100 TRYING |
5|<--------------------------| |<-----------------------|6
| | | |
| QSIG ALERTING | | 1-180 RINGING |
10|<--------------------------|.......|<-----------------------|7
| | | 2-PRACK |
| | |----------------------->|8
| | | 2-200 OK |
| | |<-----------------------|9
| QSIG CONNECT | | 1-200 OK |
13|<--------------------------|.......|<-----------------------|11
| | | |
| QSIG CONNECT ACK | | 1-ACK |
14|-------------------------->| |----------------------->|12
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
|<=========================>| |<======================>|
+----------------------+
PISN | GATEWAY | IP NETWORK
| |
| QSIG SETUP +-------+-------+------+ |
1 |------------------------->| | |
| | | |
| QSIG SETUP ACK | | |
2 |<-------------------------| | |
| | | |
| QSIG INFORMATION | | |
3 |------------------------->| | |
| QSIG INFORMATION | | 1-INVITE |
3 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|4
| | | 1-484 |
| | |<------------------------|5
| | | 1-ACK |
| | |------------------------>|6
| QSIG INFORMATION | | 2-INVITE |
7 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|4
| | | 2-484 |
| | |<------------------------|5
| | | 2-ACK |
| | |------------------------>|6
| | | |
| QSIG INFORMATION | | |
| Sending Complete IE | | 3-INVITE |
8 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|10
| QSIG CALL PROCEEDING | | 3-100 TRYING |
9 |<-------------------------| |<------------------------|11
| | | |
| QSIG ALERTING | | 3-180 RINGING |
15|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|12
| | | 4-PRACK |
| | |------------------------>|13
| | | 4-200 OK |
| | |<------------------------|14
| QSIG CONNECT | | 3-200 OK |
18|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|16
| | | |
| QSIG CONNECT ACK | | 3-ACK |
19|------------------------->| |------------------------>|17
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
|<========================>| |<=======================>|
| | | |
+----------------------+
IP NETWORK | GATEWAY | PISN
| |
| +-------+-------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| 1-INVITE | | QSIG SETUP |
1 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|3
| 1-100 TRYING | | QSIG CALL PROCEEDING |
2 |<-------------------------| |<------------------------|4
| 1-180 RINGING | | QSIG ALERTING |
6 |<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|5
| | | |
| | | |
| 2-PRACK | | |
7 |------------------------->| | |
| 2-200 OK | | |
8 |<-------------------------| | |
| 1-200 OK | | QSIG CONNECT |
11|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|9
| | | |
| 1-ACK | | QSIG CONNECT ACK |
12|------------------------->| |------------------------>|10
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
|<========================>| |<=======================>|
| | | |
+----------------------+
IP NETWORK | GATEWAY | PISN
| |
| 1-INVITE +-------+-------+------+ |
1 |------------------------->| | |
| 1-484 | | |
2 |<-------------------------| | |
| 1-ACK | | |
3 |------------------------->| | |
| 2-INVITE | | |
1 |------------------------->| | |
| 2-484 | | |
2 |<-------------------------| | |
| 2- ACK | | |
3 |------------------------->| | |
| 3-INVITE | | QSIG SETUP |
4 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|6
| 3-100 TRYING | | QSIG CALL PROCEEDING |
5 |<-------------------------| |<------------------------|7
| 3-180 RINGING | | QSIG ALERTING |
9 |<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|8
| | | |
| | | |
| 4-PRACK | | |
10|------------------------->| | |
| 4-200 OK | | |
11|<-------------------------| | |
| 3-200 OK | | QSIG CONNECT |
14|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|12
| | | |
| 3-ACK | | QSIG CONNECT ACK |
15|------------------------->| |------------------------>|13
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
|<========================>| |<=======================>|
| | | |
+----------------------+
IP NETWORK | GATEWAY | PISN
| |
| 1-INVITE +-------+-------+------+ |
1 |------------------------->| | |
| 1-484 | | |
2 |<-------------------------| | |
| 1-ACK | | |
3 |------------------------->| | |
| 2-INVITE | | QSIG SETUP |
4 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|6
| 2-100 TRYING | | QSIG SETUP ACK |
5 |<-------------------------| |<------------------------|7
| 3- INVITE | | QSIG INFORMATION |
8 |------------------------->|.......|------------------------>|10
| 3-100 TRYING | | |
9 |<-------------------------| | QSIG CALL PROCEEDING |
| | |<------------------------|11
13| 3-180 RINGING | | QSIG ALERTING |
|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|12
| 2-484 | | |
14|<-------------------------| | |
| 2-ACK | | |
15|------------------------->| | |
| 4-PRACK | | |
16|------------------------->| | |
| 4-200 OK | | |
17|<-------------------------| | |
| 3-200 OK | | QSIG CONNECT |
20|<-------------------------|.......|<------------------------|18
| | | |
| 3-ACK | | QSIG CONNECT ACK |
21|------------------------->| |------------------------>|19
| AUDIO | | AUDIO |
|<========================>| |<=======================>|
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
PISN | | IP NETWORK
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG DISCONNECT | | 2- BYE |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->|4
| QSIG RELEASE | | 2-200 OK |
2|<-----------------------| |<-----------------------|5
| QSIG RELEASE COMP | | |
3|----------------------->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
PISN | | IP NETWORK
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG DISCONNECT | | 1- 4XX / 6XX |
1|----------------------->|......|---------------------->|4
| QSIG RELEASE | | 1- ACK |
2|<-----------------------| |<----------------------|5
| QSIG RELEASE COMP | | |
3|----------------------->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
PISN | | IP NETWORK
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| QSIG DISCONNECT | | 1- CANCEL |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->|4
| QSIG RELEASE | |1-487 Request Terminated|
2|<-----------------------| |<-----------------------|5
| QSIG RELEASE COMP | | |
3|----------------------->| | 1- ACK |
| | |----------------------->|6
| | | |
| | | 1- 200 OK |
| | |<-----------------------|7
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
IP NETWORK | | PISN
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| 2- BYE | | QSIG DISCONNECT |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->|3
| | | QSIG RELEASE |
| | |<-----------------------|4
| 2-200 OK | | QSIG RELEASE COMP |
2|<-----------------------| |----------------------->|5
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
IP NETWORK | | PISN
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| 1- 4XX / 6XX | | QSIG DISCONNECT |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->|3
| | | QSIG RELEASE |
| | |<-----------------------|4
| 1- ACK | | QSIG RELEASE COMP |
2|<-----------------------| |----------------------->|5
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
+-------------------+
| |
| GATEWAY |
IP NETWORK | | PISN
| +-----+------+------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| 1- CANCEL | | QSIG DISCONNECT |
1|----------------------->|......|----------------------->|4
| | | QSIG RELEASE |
| | |<-----------------------|5
|1-487 Request Terminated| | QSIG RELEASE COMP |
2|<-----------------------| |----------------------->|6
| | | |
| 1- ACK | | |
3|----------------------->| | |
| | | |
| 1- 200 OK | | |
4|<-----------------------| | |
+--------+------+-------+... -+------+------+
Query: |Get req | MOI1 | NULL | | MOIn | NULL |
+--------+------+-------+... -+------+------+
+--------+------+-------+... -+------+------+
Response: |Get resp| MOI1 | Val1 | | MOIn | Valn |
+--------+------+-------+... -+------+------+
+--------+--------+-------+
Query: |Get req | AgMOIx | NULL |
+--------+--------+-------+
+--------+--------+------------------------+
Response: |Get resp| AgMOIx | Val1,Val2,...,Valn |
+--------+--------+------------------------+
+--------+---------+-------+
Query: |Get req | TAgMOIx | NULL |
+--------+---------+-------+
+--------+---------+--------------------------------------+
Response: |Get resp| TAgMOIx | t,Val(t),Val(t+i),.,Val(t + (n-1)*i) |
+--------+---------+--------------------------------------+
+--------+--------+...+--------+--------+...+--------+
| byte 0 | byte 1 |...|byte n-1| 0 |...| 0 | BLOCK
+--------+--------+...+--------+--------+...+--------+
|<-----------n bytes---------->|<------r bytes------>|
|<-----------n+r (where (n+r) mod 4 = 0)>----------->|
(MSB) (LSB)
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|byte 0 |byte 1 |byte 2 |byte 3 | INTEGER
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
<------------32 bits------------>
(MSB) (LSB)
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|byte 0 |byte 1 |byte 2 |byte 3 | UNSIGNED INTEGER
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
<------------32 bits------------>
(MSB) (LSB)
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|byte 0 |byte 1 |byte 2 |byte 3 |byte 4 |byte 5 |byte 6 |byte 7 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
<----------------------------64 bits---------------------------->
HYPER INTEGER
UNSIGNED HYPER INTEGER
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|byte 0 |byte 1 |byte 2 |byte 3 | SINGLE-PRECISION
S| E | F | FLOATING-POINT NUMBER
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
1|<- 8 ->|<-------23 bits------>|
<------------32 bits------------>
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|byte 0|byte 1|byte 2|byte 3|byte 4|byte 5|byte 6|byte 7|
S| E | F |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
1|<--11-->|<-----------------52 bits------------------->|
<-----------------------64 bits------------------------->
DOUBLE-PRECISION FLOATING-POINT
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-...--+------+
|byte 0|byte 1|byte 2|byte 3|byte 4|byte 5| ... |byte15|
S| E | F |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+-...--+------+
1|<----15---->|<-------------112 bits------------------>|
<-----------------------128 bits------------------------>
QUADRUPLE-PRECISION FLOATING-POINT
0 1 ...
+--------+--------+...+--------+--------+...+--------+
| byte 0 | byte 1 |...|byte n-1| 0 |...| 0 |
+--------+--------+...+--------+--------+...+--------+
|<-----------n bytes---------->|<------r bytes------>|
|<-----------n+r (where (n+r) mod 4 = 0)------------>|
FIXED-LENGTH OPAQUE
0 1 2 3 4 5 ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...+-----+-----+...+-----+
| length n |byte0|byte1|...| n-1 | 0 |...| 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...+-----+-----+...+-----+
|<-------4 bytes------->|<------n bytes------>|<---r bytes--->|
|<----n+r (where (n+r) mod 4 = 0)---->|
VARIABLE-LENGTH OPAQUE
0 1 2 3 4 5 ...
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...+-----+-----+...+-----+
| length n |byte0|byte1|...| n-1 | 0 |...| 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+...+-----+-----+...+-----+
|<-------4 bytes------->|<------n bytes------>|<---r bytes--->|
|<----n+r (where (n+r) mod 4 = 0)---->|
STRING
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+...+---+---+---+---+
| element 0 | element 1 |...| element n-1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+...+---+---+---+---+
|<--------------------n elements------------------->|
0 1 2 3
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+...+--+--+--+--+
| n | element 0 | element 1 |...|element n-1|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+...+--+--+--+--+
|<-4 bytes->|<--------------n elements------------->|
COUNTED ARRAY
+-------------+-------------+...
| component A | component B |... STRUCTURE
+-------------+-------------+...
0 1 2 3
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| discriminant | implied arm | DISCRIMINATED UNION
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|<---4 bytes--->|
ClientHello
(empty SessionTicket extension)------->
ServerHello
(empty SessionTicket extension)
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
NewSessionTicket
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello
(SessionTicket extension) -------->
ServerHello
(empty SessionTicket extension)
NewSessionTicket
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello
(SessionTicket extension) -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello
(SessionTicket extension) -------->
ServerHello
(empty SessionTicket extension)
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
NewSessionTicket
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
CONTROLLER Mandatory/ MESSAGE MEMBER
Optional
!<-M----------Request to Join-------------!
<Process> ! !
<RTJ> ! !
!--M----------Key Download--------------->!
! !<Process KeyDL>
!--O-------Request to Join Error--------->! or
! ! <Proc RTJ-Err>
!<-M----Key Download - Ack/Failure--------!
<Process >! !
<KeyDL-A/F>! !
!--O------Lack of Acknowledgement-------->!
! ! <Proc LOA>
!<=======SHARED KEYED GROUP SESSION======>!
CONTROLLER MESSAGE MEMBER
in Cookie Mode
!<--Request to Join without Cookie Info---!
<Gen Cookie>! !
<Response >! !
!----------Cookie Download--------------->!
! ! <Process CD>
!<----Request to Join with Cookie Info----!
<Process> ! !
<RTJ > ! !
!-------------Key Download--------------->!
! ! <Proc KeyDL>
!<-----Key Download - Ack/Failure--------!
<Process >! !
<KeyDL-A/F>! !
!<=======SHARED KEYED GROUP SESSION======>!
Grp ID Type Value Description
_____________________________________________________________________
Policy_Token_Type Value Definition/Defined In
____________________________________________________________________
Key Download Data Value Definition
Item Type
_________________________________________________________________
Cryptographic_Key_Types Value Description/Defined In
____________________________________________________________________
Rekey_Event_Type Value Definition/Defined In
_____________________________________________________________________
ID_Type Value PKIX Cert Description
Field Defined In
_____________________________________________________________________
Certificate_Type Value Description/
Defined In
_____________________________________________________________________
Signature Type Value Description/
Defined In
_____________________________________________________________________
Mechanism_Type Value Mechanism Choice
Data Value Table Reference
___________________________________________________________________
Nonce_Hash_Type Value Description
__________________________________________________________________
Key Creation Type Value Definition/Defined In
_____________________________________________________________________
Nonce_Type Value Definition
_____________________________________________________________________
!-----------------> ( )
! !-------------> ( Idle ) <------------------!
! ! ( ) !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! (1a) (1) !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! V V !
! !---(5a)--- (Wait for ) (Wait for ) ----(5)-----!
! (Group ) (GC/KS Event) <---
! (Membership) ^ ! \ \
! ! ! ! \ \
! ! ! ! \--(2)---\
! (2a) (4)(3)
! ! ! !
! ! ! !
! V ! V
!-------(4a)--- (Wait for ) (Wait for )
(Group ) (Response )
(Membership) (from Key )
/--> (Event ) (Download )
/ /
/ /
/--(3a)---/
Table 28: GSAKMP States
______________________________________________________________________
Idle : GSAKMP Application waiting for input
______________________________________________________________________
Wait for GC/KS Event : GC/KS up and running, waiting for events
______________________________________________________________________
Wait for Response : GC/KS has sent Key Download,
from Key Download : waiting for response from GM
______________________________________________________________________
Wait for Group : GM in process of joining group
Membership :
______________________________________________________________________
Wait for Group : GM has group key, waiting for
Membership Event : group management messages.
______________________________________________________________________
Table 29: State Transition Events
____________________________________________________________________
Transition 1 : Create group command
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 2 : Receive bad RTJ
: Receive valid command to change group membership
: Send Compromise message x times
: Member Deregistration
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 3 : Receive valid RTJ
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 4 : Timeout
: Receive Ack
: Receive Nack
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 5 : Delete group command
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 1a : Join group command
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 2a : Send Ack
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 3a : Receipt of group management messages
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 4a : Delete group command
: Deregistration command
______________:_____________________________________________________
:
Transition 5a : Time out
: Msg failure
: errors
:
____________________________________________________________________
A Server-A Server-B B
|(1) INVITE | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(2) INVITE | |
| |----------->| |
| | |(3) INVITE |
| | |----------->|
| | |(4) 200 OK |
| | |<-----------|
| |(5) 200 OK | |
| |<-----------| |
|(6) 200 OK | | |
|<-----------| | |
|(7) ACK | | |
|------------------------------------->|
| |(8) REFER | |
| |<-----------| |
|(9) REFER | | |
|<-----------| | |
|(10) 200 OK | | |
|----------->| | |
| |(11) 200 OK | |
| |----------->| |
+-------+ SIMCO protocol +-----------+
| agent +------------------+ middlebox |
+-------+ +-----------+
PRR/PRR +---------------+
+----+ +-----------------+ PID UNUSED |<-+
| | | +---------------+ |
| v v PLC(lt=0)/ ^ | |
| +-------------+ PRD | | PER/PER | ARE(lt=0)
| | RESERVED +------------+ | | PLC(lt=0)/
| +-+----+------+ ARE(lt=0) v | PRD
| | | +---------------+ |
+----+ +---------------->| ENABLED +--+
PLC(lt>0)/ PEA/PER +-+-------------+
PLC | ^
+-----------+
lt = lifetime PLC(lt>0)/PLC
| 8 | 4 | 4 | 112 bits |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------------------+
|11111111|flgs|scop| group ID |
+--------+----+----+---------------------------------------+
The answers were:
---------------------------+-----------------------+
| Switch Vendor |
---------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Q1 Join aggregation | x | x | x | | x | x |
Q2 Layer-2 forwarding | x | x | x | x |(1)| |
Q3 Layer-3 forwarding |(1)| |(1)| |(1)| x |
Q4 224.0.0.X aware |(1)| x |(1)|(2)| x | x |
Q5 01:00:5e:00:00:XX aware | x | x | x |(2)| x | x |
Q6 Mcast router list | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Q7 Hardware implemented | | | | | | |
Q8 Software assisted | x | x | x | x | x | x |
Q9 Topology change aware | x | x | x | x | |(2)|
---------------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+
x Means that the answer was Yes.
(1) In some products (typically high-end) Yes; in others No.
(2) Not at the time that the questionnaire was received
but expected in the near future.
UA Alice UA Bob UA Carol
| INVITE (RP: Routine) | |
|--------------------------->| |
| 200 OK | |
|<---------------------------| |
| ACK | |
|--------------------------->| |
| RTP | |
|<==========================>| |
| | |
| | INVITE (RP: Immediate) |
| |<----------------------------|
| ************************************************ |
| *Resource Priority value comparison by Bob's UA* |
| ************************************************ |
| | |
| BYE (Reason: UA preemption) |
|<---------------------------| |
| | 200 OK |
| |---------------------------->|
| 200 OK (BYE) | |
|--------------------------->| |
| | ACK |
| |<----------------------------|
| | RTP |
| |<===========================>|
| | |
HOST ROUTER
_____________________________ ____________________________
| _______ | | |
| | | _______ | | _______ |
| |Appli- | | | |RSVP | | | |
| | cation| | RSVP <---------------------------> RSVP <---------->
| | <--> | | | _______ | | |
| | | |process| _____ | ||Routing| |process| _____ |
| |_._____| | -->Policy| || <--> -->Policy||
| | |__.__._| |Cntrl|| ||process| |__.__._| |Cntrl||
| |data | | |_____|| ||__.____| | | |_____||
|===|===========|==|==========| |===|==========|==|==========|
| | --------| | _____ | | | --------| | _____ |
| | | | ---->Admis|| | | | | ---->Admis||
| _V__V_ ___V____ |Cntrl|| | _V__V_ __V_____ |Cntrl||
| | | | | |_____|| | | | | ||_____||
| |Class-| | Packet | | | |Class-| | Packet | |
| | ifier|==>Schedulr|================> ifier|==>Schedulr|=========>
| |______| |________| |data | |______| |________| data
| | | |
|_____________________________| |____________________________|
Network Node Policy server
______________
| ______ |
| | | | _____
| | PEP | | | |------------->
| |______|<---|---->| PDP |May use LDAP,SNMP,COPS...for accessing
| ^ | | | policy database, authentication, etc.
| | | |_____|------------->
| __v___ |
| | | | PDP = Policy Decision Point
| | LPDP | | PEP = Policy Enforcement Point
| |______| | LPDP = Local Policy Decision Point
|______________|
Alice -----R1----R2----R3----R4------ Bob
| \ / \ / \ / |
| \/ \/ \/ |
| /\ /\ /\ |
| / \ / \ / \ |
Carol -----R5----R6----R7----R8------ Dave
Alice Bob
\ /
\ /
+--------+ +--------+
| | | |
| R2 | | R3 |
| Int7-------Int5 |
| | | |
+--------+ +--------+
/ \
/ \
Carol Dave
UA Alice UA Bob
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| | Note 1
|<------(2) 183 Session Progress SDP2--------| |
***|********************************************|***<-+
* |----------------(3) PRACK------------------>| *
* | | * Where
* |<-----------(4) 200 OK (PRACK)--------------| * RSVP
* | | * is
* | | * signaled
***|********************************************|***
|-------------(5) UPDATE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<--------(6) 200 OK (UPDATE) SDP4-----------|
| |
|<-------------(7) 180 Ringing---------------|
| |
|-----------------(8) PRACK----------------->|
| |
|<------------(9) 200 OK (PRACK)-------------|
| |
| |
|<-----------(10) 200 OK (INVITE)------------|
| |
|------------------(11) ACK----------------->|
| |
| RTP (within the reservation) |
|<==========================================>|
| |
+-> +-----------------------+ <-+
AES-GCM-ESP | | SPI | |
AAD -------+ +-----------------------+ |
| | Sequence Number | |
+-> +-----------------------+ |
| Authentication | |
| IV | |
+->+-> +-----------------------+ +
AES-GCM-ESP | | | |
Plaintext -+ ~ ESP Payload ~ |
| | | |
| +-----------+-----+-----+ |
| | Padding | PL | NH | |
+----> +-----------+-----+-----+ <-+
|
ENCR_NULL_AUTH_AES_GMAC AAD --+
| <== to network layer
+------------------ --+-------------------------------+
| RF MAC |
+--+------------------+------------------------+------+
| | |
+-------+-----+ +------+------+ +------+------+
| Downstream1 | | Upstream1 | | Upstream2 |
| | | | | |
+-------------+ ++-----------++ ++-----------++
| | | |
+----+----+ +----+----+ +----+----+ +----+----+
| Ch-1 | | Ch-2 | | Ch-1 | | Ch-2 |
|(A/TDMA) | |(S-CDMA) | |(A/TDMA) | |(S-CDMA) |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
| IfStackHigherLayer | ifStackLowerLayer |
| 0 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 4 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 4 | 6 |
| 4 | 7 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 5 | 9 |
| 3 | 0 |
| 6 | 0 |
| 7 | 0 |
| 8 | 0 |
| 9 | 0 |
+--------------------+ +--------------+
| | <------------ | |
| MUA (M) | | IMAPv4Rev1 |
| | | Server |
| | ------------> | (Server I) |
+--------------------+ +--------------+
^ | ^ |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | v
| | +--------------+
| |----------------------> | SMTP |
| | Submit |
|-----------------------------| Server |
| (Server S) |
+--------------+
-----------------------------------------------------|
| Name of SMTP extension | Comment |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| PIPELINING | Section 3.1 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| DSN | Section 3.2 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| SIZE | Section 3.3 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES | Section 3.4 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| STARTTLS | Section 3.5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| BURL | Forward without download,|
| | Section 2 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| URLAUTH support in BURL | Section 2.5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| CHUNKING, | Section 2.5 |
| BINARYMIME | Section 2.5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| 8BITMIME, | Required by BURL |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| AUTH | Required by Submission, |
| | See [SMTPAUTH]. |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
-----------------------------------------------------|
| Name of IMAP extension | Comment |
| or feature | |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| NAMESPACE | Section 5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| CONDSTORE | Section 4 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| STARTTLS |Required by IMAP (RFC3501)|
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| URLAUTH, | Forward without download,|
| CATENATE, | Section 2 |
| UIDPLUS | |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| LITERAL+ | Section 5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| IDLE | Section 5 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
| $Forwarded IMAP keyword | Section 2.8 |
|-------------------------|--------------------------|
A |
SAa ------------>|
SAb <------------|
|
B |
SAb ------------>|
SAa <------------| Figure 1
|
C |
SAa/SAb ------------>|
SAa/SAb <------------|
|
Broadcast
Network
A |
SAa ------------>|
SAb <------------|
SAc <------------|
|
B |
SAb ------------>|
SAa <------------| Figure 2
SAc <------------|
|
C |
SAc ------------>|
SAa <------------|
SAb <------------|
|
Broadcast
Network
A |
SAo ------------>|
SAi <------------|
|
B |
SAo ------------>|
SAi <------------| Figure 3
|
C |
SAo ------------>|
SAi <------------|
|
Broadcast
Network
External IPv6 Internet
|
|
IPv6 Access Router
|
|
Switch-router with VLAN support
|
|
+--------------+----------------+
|Site enterprise infrastructure |
| with support for VLANs |
+----+--------------------+-----+
| |
| |
VLAN switch A VLAN switch B
| | |
| | |
Subnet1 Subnet2 Subnet3
+--------------+
+--------->| KDC |
AS-REQ / +-------| |
/ / +--------------+
/ / ^ |
/ |AS-REP / |
| | / TGS-REQ + TGS-REP
| | / /
| | / /
| | / +---------+
| | / /
| | / /
| | / /
| v / v
++-------+------+ +-----------------+
| Client +------------>| Application |
| | AP-REQ | Server |
| |<------------| |
+---------------+ AP-REP +-----------------+
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| |---------->| | | |
| | initiate | |---------->| |
| Mgmt. | operation |Managed| perform |Target |
|Station| remotely | Node | operation | Host |
| | | | | |
| |<----------| | | |
+-------+ receive +-------+ +-------+
result of
operation
<--- area 1 --><---area 0---><---area 2--->
R0-----R1-ABR1--R2------ABR2--------R3
\ /
\ /
ABR3
CS ID map type | Value | Comments
-------------------------------------------------------------
Empty map | 1 | Used when the map/policy information
| | is conveyed outside of MIKEY
---------------------------------------------------------------
| CAPWAP Evaluation | LWAPP | SLAPP | CTP | WiCoP |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| 5.1.1 Logical Groups | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.2 Traffic Separation | C | C | P | P |
| 5.1.3 STA Transparency | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.4 Config Consistency | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.5 Firmware Trigger | P | P | P | C |
| 5.1.6 Monitor System | C | C | P | C |
| 5.1.7 Resource Control | C | P | P | P |
| 5.1.8 Protocol Security | C | C | F | F |
| 5.1.9 System Security | C | C | F | F |
| 5.1.10 802.11i Consideration | C | C | F | P |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| 5.1.11 Interoperability | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.12 Protocol Specifications | C | P | P | P |
| 5.1.13 Vendor Independence | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.14 Vendor Flexibility | C | C | C | C |
| 5.1.15 NAT Traversal | C | C | C | C |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| Desirable |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| 5.2.1 Multiple Authentication | C | C | C | C |
| 5.2.2 Future Wireless | C | C | C | C |
| 5.2.3 New IEEE Requirements | C | C | C | C |
| 5.2.4 Interconnection (IPv6) | C | C | C | C |
| 5.2.5 Access Control | C | C | C | C |
---------------------------------------------------------------
Name | Session or Media level? | Dependent on charset?
----------+-------------------------+----------------------
cat | Session | No
keywds | Session | Yes
tool | Session | No
ptime | Media | No
maxptime | Media | No
rtpmap | Media | No
recvonly | Either | No
sendrecv | Either | No
sendonly | Either | No
inactive | Either | No
orient | Media | No
type | Session | No
charset | Session | No
sdplang | Either | No
lang | Either | No
framerate | Media | No
quality | Media | No
fmtp | Media | No
+-------------------------------------+
| DN | * | DC | EA | N/P | MC | E | * |
+-------------------------------------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Area Number | Route |Options|
| | Type | |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
Code Len 16-bit Type
+----+-----+-----+-----+
| 93 | n | n1 | n2 |
+----+-----+-----+-----+
Code Len Type Major Minor
+----+-----+----+-----+-----+
| 94 | 3 | t | M | m |
+----+-----+----+-----+-----+
Code Len Type Machine Identifier
+----+-----+----+-----+ . . . +-----+
| 97 | n | t | | . . . | |
+----+-----+----+-----+ . . . +-----+
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | |
| | Carol joins the conference |
| | |
| | INVITE sip:Conf-ID F1 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 180 Ringing F2 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F3 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | ACK F4 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | RTP |
| |<=======================================>|
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F5 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 200 OK F6 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | NOTIFY F7 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F8 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | |
| Focus "dials out" to add Carol to the conference |
| | |
| | INVITE Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F1 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 180 Ringing F2 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 200 OK F3 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | ACK F4 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | RTP |
| |<=======================================>|
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F5 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 200 OK F6 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | NOTIFY F7 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F8 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| NOTIFY F9 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | |
|------------------->| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
| Alice establishes session with conference application. |
| | | |
| INVITE sip:Conf-App F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 180 Ringing F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F3 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F4 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| RTP | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| Alice uses the application to create the conference. |
| | | |
| INVITE Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F5 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F6 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| ACK F7 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| RTP | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F8 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F9 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
Alice Conf-Factory App Focus Bob
| | | |
| Alice creates the conference. | |
| | | |
| INVITE sip:Conf-Factory F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 302 Moved Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F2 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F3 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| INVITE sip:Conf-ID F4 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| 180 Ringing F5 | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F6 | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| ACK F7 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| RTP | |
|<=======================================>| |
| | |
| Alice subscribes to the conference URI. | |
| | |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F8 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| 200 OK F9 | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| NOTIFY F10 | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| 200 OK F11 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| REFER sip:Conf-ID Refer-To:Carol F1 | |
|------------------->| |
| 202 Accepted F2 | |
|<-------------------| |
| NOTIFY (Trying) F3 |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F4 | |
|------------------->| |
| | |
| Focus "dials out" to join Carol to the conference |
| | |
| | INVITE Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F5 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 180 Ringing F6 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 200 OK F7 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | ACK F8 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | RTP |
| |<=======================================>|
| NOTIFY (OK) F9 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | |
|------------------->| |
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F11 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | 200 OK F12 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | NOTIFY F13 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F14 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| NOTIFY F15 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | |
|------------------->| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| Alice adds Bob into conference | |
| | | |
| REFER Refer-To:Conf-ID F1 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| 202 Accepted F2 | | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| NOTIFY (Trying) F3| | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| 200 OK F4 | | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| | INVITE sip:Conf-ID F5 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 180 Ringing F6 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F7 |
| |------------------->| |
| | ACK F8 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | RTP | |
| |<==================>| |
| NOTIFY (OK) F9 | | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| NOTIFY F11 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F12 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F13 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK F14 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | NOTIFY F15 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F16 | |
| |<-------------------| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| Alice asks focus to REFER Bob into conference |
| | | |
|REFER sip:Conf-ID Refer-To:Bob;method=REFER?Refer-To=Conf-ID F1
|------------------->| | |
| 202 Accepted F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY (Trying) F3| | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F4 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| Focus REFERs Bob to the conference |
| | | |
| | REFER Refer-To:Conf-ID F5 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 202 Accepted F6 | |
| NOTIFY (202) F7 |<-------------------| |
|<-------------------| NOTIFY (Trying) F8 | |
| 200 OK F9 |<-------------------| |
|------------------->| 200 OK F10 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | INVITE sip:Conf-ID F11 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 180 Ringing F12 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F13 |
| |------------------->| |
| | ACK F14 | |
| NOTIFY F15 |<-------------------| |
|<-------------------| RTP | |
| 200 OK F16 |<==================>| |
|------------------->| NOTIFY (200) F17 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK F18 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F17 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK F19 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | NOTIFY F20 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F21 | |
| |<-------------------| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| Bob requests to be added to the conference. |
| | | |
| | INVITE Join:A-F F1| |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 180 Ringing F2 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F3 |
| |------------------->| |
| | ACK F4 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | RTP | |
| NOTIFY F5 |<==================>| |
|<-------------------| SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F6 |
| 200 OK F7 |<-------------------| |
|------------------->| 200 OK F8 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | NOTIFY F9 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F10 | |
| |<-------------------| |
Alice UA#1 Focus Alice UA#2 Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| Alice switches user agents during the conference. |
| | | |
| | INVITE sip:Conf-ID Replaces:A-F F1 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F2 |
| |------------------->| |
| | ACK F3 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | RTP | |
| |<==================>| |
| BYE F4 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| SUBSCRIBE Expires:0 F6 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F7 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY Subscription-State:terminated F8 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F9 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F10 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK F11 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | NOTIFY F12 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F13 | |
| |<-------------------| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
| Alice is in a session with Bob | |
|<=======================================>| |
| | | |
| Alice joins the conference | |
| | | |
| INVITE sip:Conf-ID F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK Contact:sip:Conf-ID;isfocus F2 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F3 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| SUBSCRIBE F4 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY F6 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
|<==================>| | |
| | | |
| Alice asks focus to REFER Bob into conference |
| | | |
| REFER sip:Conf-ID Refer-To:Bob?Replaces=A-B F8 |
|------------------->| | |
| 202 Accepted F9 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY (Trying) F10| | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | | |
| Focus invites Bob to the conference |
| | | |
| | INVITE sip:Conf-ID Replaces:A-B F12 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F13 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | ACK F14 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | RTP | |
| |<==================>| |
| BYE F15 | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| NOTIFY (200) F17 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F18 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| NOTIFY F19 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F20 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE sip:Conf-ID F21 |
| |<-------------------| |
| | 200 OK F22 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | NOTIFY F23 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F24 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | | |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>| |
| REFER sip:Conf-ID Refer-To:Carol;method=BYE F1 |
|------------------->| |
| 202 Accepted F2 | |
|<-------------------| |
| NOTIFY (Trying) F3 |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F4 | |
|------------------->| |
| | |
| Focus removes Carol from the conference |
| | |
| | BYE sip:Carol F5 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F6 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| | NOTIFY Subscription-State:terminated F7 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F8 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| NOTIFY (200) F9 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | |
|------------------->| |
| NOTIFY F11 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F12 | |
|------------------->| |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
|<==================>|<==================>| |
| BYE F1 |<=======================================>|
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | BYE F3 | |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F4 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | BYE F5 |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F6 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| NOTIFY Subscription-State:terminated F7 |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F8 | | |
|------------------->| NOTIFY Subscription-State:terminated F9 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F10 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | NOTIFY Subscription-State:terminated F11|
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F12 |
| |<----------------------------------------|
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
| OPTIONS sip:Conf-ID F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F2 | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Focus Bob Carol
| | | |
| Alice creates the conference and chooses the conference URI. |
| | | |
| INVITE sip:Conf-ID F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 180 Ringing F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK Contact:Conf-ID;isfocus F3 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F4 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| RTP | | |
|<==================>| | |
+---------+
| Floor |
| Chair |
| |
+---------+
^ |
| |
Notification | | Decision
| |
| |
Floor | v
+-------------+ Request +---------+ +-------------+
| Floor |----------->| Floor | Notification | Floor |
| Participant | | Control |------------->| Participant |
| |<-----------| Server | | |
+-------------+ Granted or +---------+ +-------------+
Denied
Floor Participant Floor Control
Server
|(1) FloorRequest |
|Transaction ID: 123 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-ID: 543 |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
|(2) FloorRequestStatus |
|Transaction ID: 123 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 789 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Pending |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
|(3) FloorRequestStatus |
|Transaction ID: 0 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 789 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Accepted |
| Queue Position: 1st |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
|(4) FloorRequestStatus |
|Transaction ID: 0 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 789 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Granted |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
|(5) FloorRelease |
|Transaction ID: 154 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-ID: 789 |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
|(6) FloorRequestStatus |
|Transaction ID: 154 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 789 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Released |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
Floor Participant Floor Control
Server
|(1) FloorQuery |
|Transaction ID: 257 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-ID: 543 |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
|(2) FloorStatus |
|Transaction ID: 257 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-ID:543 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 764 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Accepted |
| Queue Position: 1st |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| BENEFICIARY-INFORMATION |
| Beneficiary ID: 124 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 635 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Accepted |
| Queue Position: 2nd |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| BENEFICIARY-INFORMATION |
| Beneficiary ID: 154 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
|(3) FloorStatus |
|Transaction ID: 0 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-ID:543 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 764 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Granted |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| BENEFICIARY-INFORMATION |
| Beneficiary ID: 124 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 635 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Accepted |
| Queue Position: 1st |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| BENEFICIARY-INFORMATION |
| Beneficiary ID: 154 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
|(4) FloorStatus |
|Transaction ID: 0 |
|User ID: 234 |
|FLOOR-ID:543 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 635 |
| OVERALL-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Request Status: Granted |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| BENEFICIARY-INFORMATION |
| Beneficiary ID: 154 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
Floor Chair Floor Control
Server
|(1) ChairAction |
|Transaction ID: 769 |
|User ID: 357 |
|FLOOR-REQUEST-INFORMATION |
| Floor Request ID: 635 |
| FLOOR-REQUEST-STATUS |
| Floor ID: 543 |
| Request Status: Granted |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
|(2) ChairActionAck |
|Transaction ID: 769 |
|User ID: 357 |
|<----------------------------------------------|
+-------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Value | Meaning | Reference |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------+------------+
| 1 | Conference does not Exist | [RFC 4582] |
| 2 | User does not Exist | [RFC 4582] |
| 3 | Unknown Primitive | [RFC 4582] |
| 4 | Unknown Mandatory Attribute | [RFC 4582] |
| 5 | Unauthorized Operation | [RFC 4582] |
| 6 | Invalid Floor ID | [RFC 4582] |
| 7 | Floor Request ID Does Not Exist | [RFC 4582] |
| 8 | You have Already Reached the Maximum Number | [RFC 4582] |
| | of Ongoing Floor Requests for this Floor | |
| 9 | Use TLS | [RFC 4582] |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------+-----------+
ACK
feedback
V
:<- - - - NACK feedback - - - ->//
:
: Immediate ||
: Feedback mode ||Early RTCP mode Regular RTCP mode
:<=============>||<=============>//<=================>
: ||
-+---------------||---------------//------------------> group size
2 ||
Application-specific FB Threshold
= f(data rate, packet loss, codec, ...)
event to
report
detected
|
| RTCP feedback range
| (T_max_fb_delay)
vXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ) )
|---+--------+-------------+-----+------------| |--------+--->
| | | | ( ( |
| t0 te |
tp tn
\_______ ________/
\/
T_dither_max
Name | Value | Brief Description
----------+-------+------------------------------------
RTPFB | 205 | Transport layer FB message
PSFB | 206 | Payload-specific FB message
A5
A5 | A6
/ | /
/ | /--A7
/ |/
A2 A2-----A6 A2--A8
/ / / A9
/ / / /
/ / / /---A10
A1-----A2 A1-----A3 A1-----A3-----A7 A1------A3<
\ \ \ \---A11
\ \ \ \
\ \ \ A12
A4 A4-----A8 A4--A13
|\
| \--A14
| \
| A15
A16
| | | | | | Used RTCP Bit Rate |
| Session | Send | Rec. | AVP | AVPF | (% of session bw) |
|Bandwidth|Agents|Agents|Agents|Agents| A1 | A2 | sum |
+---------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.42 | 2.56 | 4.98 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 4.98 |
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.01 | 2.49 | 2.50 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.01 | 2.48 | 2.49 |
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.42 | 2.56 | 4.98 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 4.98 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 2.49 | 2.55 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.08 | 2.50 | 2.58 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.44 | 2.54 | 4.98 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.50 | 2.51 | 5.01 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.58 | 2.48 | 3.06 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.77 | 2.51 | 3.28 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.58 | 0.61 | 1.19 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.77 | 0.79 | 1.58 |
| | | | | | Used RTCP Bit Rate |
| Session | Send | Rec. | AVP | AVPF | (% of session bw) |
|Bandwidth|Agents|Agents|Agents|Agents| A1 | A2 | sum |
+---------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.42 | 2.56 | 4.98 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.49 | 2.49 | 4.98 |
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.01 | 2.49 | 2.50 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.01 | 2.48 | 2.49 |
| 2 Mbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| 2 Mbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.42 | 2.56 | 4.98 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.50 | 2.49 | 4.99 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.06 | 2.50 | 2.56 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.08 | 2.49 | 2.57 |
|200 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.13 |
|200 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.17 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | - | 1,2 | 2.42 | 2.57 | 4.99 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | - | 1,2 | 2.52 | 2.51 | 5.03 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0.58 | 2.54 | 3.12 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1 | 2 | 0.83 | 2.43 | 3.26 |
| 20 kbps | 1 | 2 | 1,2 | - | 0.58 | 0.73 | 1.31 |
| 20 kbps | 1,2 | - | 1,2 | - | 0.86 | 0.84 | 1.70 |
| | | Feedback Statistics |
| Session | | AVP | AVPF |
|Bandwidth| PLR | sent |disc| MWT | sent |disc| MWT |
+---------+-------+------+----+-------+------+----+-------+
| 2 Mbps | 0.001 | 781 | 0 | 2.604 | 756 | 0 | 0.015 |
| 2 Mbps | 0.01 | 7480 | 0 | 2.591 | 7548 | 2 | 0.006 |
| 2 Mbps | cong. | 25 | 0 | 2.557 | 1741 | 0 | 0.001 |
| 20 kbps | 0.001 | 79 | 0 | 2.472 | 74 | 2 | 0.034 |
| 20 kbps | 0.01 | 780 | 0 | 2.605 | 709 | 64 | 0.163 |
| 20 kbps | cong. | 780 | 0 | 2.590 | 687 | 70 | 0.162 |
| | Feedback Statistics |
| | Shared Losses | Distributed Losses |
|Agent|sent|fbsp|disc|sum | MWT |sent|fbsp|disc|sum | MWT |
+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| A2 | 274| 351| 25| 650|0.267| -| -| -| -| -|
| A5 | 231| 408| 11| 650|0.243| 619| 2| 32| 653|0.663|
| A6 | 234| 407| 9| 650|0.235| 587| 2| 32| 621|0.701|
| A7 | 223| 414| 13| 650|0.253| 594| 6| 41| 641|0.658|
| A8 | 188| 443| 19| 650|0.235| 596| 1| 32| 629|0.677|
| | Feedback Suppression Rate |
| l | Scen. 1 | Scen. 2 | Scen. 3 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0.10 | 0.671 | 0.051 | 0.089 |
| 0.25 | 0.582 | 0.060 | 0.210 |
| 0.50 | 0.524 | 0.114 | 0.361 |
| 0.75 | 0.523 | 0.180 | 0.370 |
| 1.00 | 0.523 | 0.204 | 0.369 |
| 1.25 | 0.506 | 0.187 | 0.372 |
| 1.50 | 0.536 | 0.213 | 0.414 |
| 1.75 | 0.526 | 0.215 | 0.424 |
| 2.00 | 0.535 | 0.216 | 0.400 |
| 3.00 | 0.522 | 0.220 | 0.405 |
| 4.00 | 0.522 | 0.220 | 0.405 |
| | Feedback Suppression Rate |
| l | Scen. 1 | Scen. 2 | Scen. 3 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0.10 | 0.056 | 0.056 | 0.090 |
| 0.25 | 0.063 | 0.055 | 0.166 |
| 0.50 | 0.116 | 0.099 | 0.255 |
| 0.75 | 0.141 | 0.141 | 0.312 |
| 1.00 | 0.179 | 0.175 | 0.352 |
| 1.25 | 0.206 | 0.176 | 0.361 |
| 1.50 | 0.193 | 0.193 | 0.337 |
| 1.75 | 0.197 | 0.204 | 0.341 |
| 2.00 | 0.207 | 0.207 | 0.368 |
| 3.00 | 0.196 | 0.203 | 0.359 |
| 4.00 | 0.196 | 0.203 | 0.359 |
| |Feedback Suppr. Failure Rate |
| l | Scen. 1 | Scen. 2 | Scen. 3 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0.10 | 0.273 | 0.893 | 0.822 |
| 0.25 | 0.355 | 0.885 | 0.624 |
| 0.50 | 0.364 | 0.787 | 0.385 |
| 0.75 | 0.334 | 0.679 | 0.318 |
| 1.00 | 0.298 | 0.621 | 0.279 |
| 1.25 | 0.289 | 0.637 | 0.267 |
| 1.50 | 0.274 | 0.595 | 0.249 |
| 1.75 | 0.274 | 0.580 | 0.235 |
| 2.00 | 0.258 | 0.577 | 0.233 |
| 3.00 | 0.282 | 0.577 | 0.236 |
| 4.00 | 0.282 | 0.577 | 0.236 |
| | Mean Loss Report Delay |
| l | Scen. 1 | Scen. 2 | Scen. 3 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 0.10 | 0.124 | 0.282 | 0.210 |
| 0.25 | 0.168 | 0.266 | 0.234 |
| 0.50 | 0.243 | 0.264 | 0.284 |
| 0.75 | 0.285 | 0.286 | 0.325 |
| 1.00 | 0.329 | 0.305 | 0.350 |
| 1.25 | 0.351 | 0.329 | 0.370 |
| 1.50 | 0.361 | 0.363 | 0.388 |
| 1.75 | 0.360 | 0.387 | 0.392 |
| 2.00 | 0.367 | 0.412 | 0.400 |
| 3.00 | 0.368 | 0.507 | 0.398 |
| 4.00 | 0.368 | 0.568 | 0.398 |
Picture Reference |: Picture Segment
____________________ %: Lost Segment
/_ _ _ _ \
v/ \ / \ / \ / \ \
v \v \v \v \ \
Sender ---|----|----|----|----|----|---|------------->
\ \ ^ \
\ \ / \
\ \ / \
\ v / \
\ x / \
\ Lost / \
\ x / \
_____
v x / NACK v
Receiver ---------------|----%===-%----%----%----|----->
|-a-| |
|------- b -------|
Link 1 Link 2 Link 3
+--------+ +------+ +------+ +--------+
| Sender |------|Router|-------|Router|------|Receiver|
+--------+ +------+ +------+ +--------+
10(msec) x(msec) 10(msec)
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Packet Loss Rate = |
| Bandwidth | 0.005| 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 |0.10 |0.20 |
|-----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
| 32k |130- |200- |230- |280- |350- |470- |560- |
| | 180| 250| 320| 390| 430| 610| 780|
| 64k | 80- |100- |120- |150- |180- |210- |290- |
| | 130| 150| 180| 190| 210| 300| 400|
| 128k | 60- | 70- | 90- |110- |130- |170- |190- |
| | 70| 80| 100| 120| 140| 190| 240|
| 384k | 30- | 30- | 30- | 40- | 50- | 50- | 50- |
| | 50| 50| 50| 50| 60| 70| 90|
| 512k | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 60 |
| | | | | | | | |
| 1000k | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 50 | < 55 |
| | | | | | | | |
| 2000k | < 30 | < 30 | < 30 | < 30 | < 30 | < 35 | < 35 |
+------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
Link1 Link2 Link3
+--------+ +------+ +------+ +--------+
| Sender |------|Router|-------|Router|------|Receiver|
+--------+ /|+------+ +------+|\ +--------+
+---+/ | | \+---+
+-|FTP|+---+ +---+|FTP|-+
| +---+|FTP| ... |FTP|+---+ | ...
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
Sender
+-+---------------------------------^-----\-----------------
\ \ / \
\ \ | |
SN=0 \ \ SN=1 / \ RTX(SN=0)
\ \ / \
X \ / \
`. / \
\ / \
\ | |
\ / \ ......
\ / \
-------------V----D--------/-----------------------V--------
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T1 ........
Receiver
|============|=====|======================================|
| RTP BW | RTT | N value |
|============|=====| 1 2 5 7 10 |
|======================================|
|============|=====|======================================|
| RTP BW | RTT | N value |
|============|=====| 1 2 5 7 10 |
|======================================|
HTTP/SIP..
+------------+ (1) +------------+
| |--------->| |
| HTTP-style | (2) | HTTP-style |
| client |<---------| server |
| | (3) | |
| |--------->| |
| | (4) | |
| |<---------| |
+------------+ +------------+
+-----+ (1) +-----+ +-----+
| |==========>| | (2) | |
| | | |---------->| |
| | | | (3) | |
| | (4) | |<----------| |
| |<==========| | | |
| | (5) | | | |
| |==========>| | | |
| A | | B | (6) | C |
| | | |---------->| |
| | | | (7) | |
| | | |<----------| |
| | (8) | | | |
| |<==========| | | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|
-------------example------------
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
/ / \ \
* host1 host2 subdel
| | |
| | |
sub _tcp _tcp
| |
| |
_ssh _ssh
+-------------+ +-------+
| Internet |---| Rtr A |
+------+------+ +---+---+
| |
| |
| |
| *-+-*
+-------+ / \
| Rtr B |----------* N 1 *
+-------+ \ /
*---*
+-------------+ +-------+ +-------+
| Internet |---| Rtr B |---| Rtr A |
+------+------+ +-------+ +---+---+
| .
| |
| .
| *-+-*
+-------+ / \
| Rtr C |------------------* N 1 *
+-------+ \ /
*---*
+-------------+ +-------+ +-------+
| Internet |---| Rtr B |---| Rtr A |
+------+------+ +-------+ +-------+
|
|
|
| *---*
+-------+ / \
| Rtr C |------------------* N 1 *
+-------+ \ /
*---*
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Application | Service | Signaled | Flow | G.1010 |
| Categories | Class | | Behavior | Rating |
|-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| Application | Signaling | Not | Inelastic | Responsive |
| Control | |applicable| | |
|-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| | Telephony | Yes | Inelastic | Interactive|
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| | Real-Time | Yes | Inelastic | Interactive|
| | Interactive | | | |
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| Media- | Multimedia | Yes | Rate | Interactive|
| Oriented | Conferencing | | Adaptive | |
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| |Broadcast Video| Yes | Inelastic | Responsive |
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| | Multimedia | Yes | Elastic | Timely |
| | Streaming | | | |
|-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| | Low-Latency | No | Elastic | Responsive |
| | Data | | | |
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| Data |High-Throughput| No | Elastic | Timely |
| | Data | | | |
| |---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| | Low-Priority | No | Elastic |Non-critical|
| | Data | | | |
|-------------+---------------+----------+-----------+------------|
| Best Effort | Standard | Not Specified |Non-critical|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
|Service Class | | Tolerance to |
| Name | Traffic Characteristics | Loss |Delay |Jitter|
|===============+==============================+======+======+======|
| Network |Variable size packets, mostly | | | |
| Control |inelastic short messages, but | Low | Low | Yes |
| | traffic can also burst (BGP) | | | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| | Fixed-size small packets, | Very | Very | Very |
| Telephony | constant emission rate, | Low | Low | Low |
| | inelastic and low-rate flows | | | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Signaling | Variable size packets, some | Low | Low | Yes |
| | what bursty short-lived flows| | | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Multimedia | Variable size packets, | Low | Very | |
| Conferencing | constant transmit interval, | - | Low | Low |
| |rate adaptive, reacts to loss |Medium| | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Real-Time | RTP/UDP streams, inelastic, | Low | Very | Low |
| Interactive | mostly variable rate | | Low | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Multimedia | Variable size packets, |Low - |Medium| Yes |
| Streaming | elastic with variable rate |Medium| | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Broadcast | Constant and variable rate, | Very |Medium| Low |
| Video | inelastic, non-bursty flows | Low | | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Low-Latency | Variable rate, bursty short- | Low |Low - | Yes |
| Data | lived elastic flows | |Medium| |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| OAM | Variable size packets, | Low |Medium| Yes |
| | elastic & inelastic flows | | | |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
|High-Throughput| Variable rate, bursty long- | Low |Medium| Yes |
| Data | lived elastic flows | |- High| |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Standard | A bit of everything | Not Specified |
|---------------+------------------------------+------+------+------|
| Low-Priority | Non-real-time and elastic | High | High | Yes |
| Data | | | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service | DSCP | DSCP | Application |
| Class Name | Name | Value | Examples |
|===============+=========+=============+==========================|
|Network Control| CS6 | 110000 | Network routing |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Telephony | EF | 101110 | IP Telephony bearer |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Signaling | CS5 | 101000 | IP Telephony signaling |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Multimedia |AF41,AF42|100010,100100| H.323/V2 video |
| Conferencing | AF43 | 100110 | conferencing (adaptive) |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Real-Time | CS4 | 100000 | Video conferencing and |
| Interactive | | | Interactive gaming |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Multimedia |AF31,AF32|011010,011100| Streaming video and |
| Streaming | AF33 | 011110 | audio on demand |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
|Broadcast Video| CS3 | 011000 |Broadcast TV & live events|
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Low-Latency |AF21,AF22|010010,010100|Client/server transactions|
| Data | AF23 | 010110 | Web-based ordering |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| OAM | CS2 | 010000 | OAM&P |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
|High-Throughput|AF11,AF12|001010,001100| Store and forward |
| Data | AF13 | 001110 | applications |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Standard | DF (CS0)| 000000 | Undifferentiated |
| | | | applications |
|---------------+---------+-------------+--------------------------|
| Low-Priority | CS1 | 001000 | Any flow that has no BW |
| Data | | | assurance |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service | DSCP | Conditioning at | PHB | Queuing| AQM|
| Class | | DS Edge | Used | | |
|===============+======+===================+=========+========+====|
|Network Control| CS6 | See Section 3.1 | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Telephony | EF |Police using sr+bs | RFC3246 |Priority| No |
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Signaling | CS5 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Multimedia | AF41 | Using two-rate, | | | Yes|
| Conferencing | AF42 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| | AF43 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Real-Time | CS4 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
| Interactive | | | | | |
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------|--------+----|
| Multimedia | AF31 | Using two-rate, | | | Yes|
| Streaming | AF32 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| | AF33 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
|Broadcast Video| CS3 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Low- | AF21 | Using single-rate,| | | Yes|
| Latency | AF22 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| Data | AF23 | (such as RFC 2697)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| OAM | CS2 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| High- | AF11 | Using two-rate, | | | Yes|
| Throughput | AF12 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| Data | AF13 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Standard | DF | Not applicable | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Low-Priority | CS1 | Not applicable | RFC3662 | Rate | Yes|
| Data | | | | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service | DSCP | Conditioning at | PHB | | |
| Class | | DS Edge | Used | Queuing| AQM|
|===============+=======+===================+=========+========+====|
|Network Control| CS6 | See Section 3.1 | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Telephony | EF |Police using sr+bs | RFC3246 |Priority| No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Signaling | CS5 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Low- | AF21 | Using single-rate,| | | Yes|
| Latency | AF22 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| Data | AF23 | (such as RFC 2697)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| OAM | CS2 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Standard |DF(CS0)| Not applicable | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
| | +other| | | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service | DSCP | Conditioning at | PHB | | |
| Class | | DS Edge | Used | Queuing| AQM|
|===============+=======+===================+=========+========+====|
|Network Control| CS6 | See Section 3.1 | RFC2474 | Rate |Yes |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Telephony | EF |Police using sr+bs | RFC3246 |Priority| No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Signaling | CS5 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Real-time | CS4 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
| Interactive | | | | | |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
|Broadcast Video| CS3 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Multimedia | AF31 | Using two-rate, | | |Yes |
| Streaming | AF32 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate |per |
| | AF33 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Low- | AF21 | Using single-rate,| | |Yes |
| Latency | AF22 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate |per |
| Data | AF23 | (such as RFC 2697)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| OAM | CS2 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate |Yes |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| High- | AF11 | Using two-rate, | | |Yes |
| Throughput | AF12 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate |per |
| Data | AF13 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Standard |DF(CS0)| Not applicable | RFC2474 | Rate |Yes |
| | +other| | | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Service | DSCP | Conditioning at | PHB | | |
| Class | | DS Edge | Used | Queuing| AQM|
|===============+=======+===================+=========+========+====|
|Network Control| CS6 | See Section 3.2 | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Telephony | EF |Police using sr+bs | RFC3246 |Priority| No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Signaling | CS5 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | No |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Multimedia | AF41 | Using two-rate, | | | Yes|
| Conferencing | AF42 | three-color marker| RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| | AF43 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Multimedia | AF31 | Using two-rate, | | | Yes|
| Streaming | AF32 | three-color marker| RFC2597 | Rate | per|
| | AF33 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| OAM | CS2 |Police using sr+bs | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| High- | AF11 | Using two-rate, | | |Yes |
| Throughput | AF12 |three-color marker | RFC2597 | Rate |per |
| Data | AF13 | (such as RFC 2698)| | |DSCP|
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Low-Priority | CS1 | Not applicable | RFC3662 | Rate | Yes|
| Data | | | | | |
|---------------+-------+-------------------+---------+--------+----|
| Standard |DF(CS0)| Not applicable | RFC2474 | Rate | Yes|
| | +other| | | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----+-----------+-----------+--------//-------+-----+-----+
| | | Data Field | | |
| SOF | FC Header |<--------------------------->| CRC | EOF |
| | | Optional | Frame | | |
| | | Header(s) | Payload | | |
+-----+-----------+-----------+--------//-------+-----+-----+
+---+---+---+---------+- ... -+---------+---+---+
|SI |BSI|AF | AB(0) | ... | AB(N) |AUX|CRC|
+---+---+---+---------+- ... -+---------+---+---+
+----------+- -+----------+----------+- -+----------+-
|Program(1)| ... |Program(N)|Program(1)| ... |Program(N)| ...
| Frame 0 | | Frame 0 | Frame 1 | | Frame 1 |
+----------+- -+----------+----------+- -+----------+-
/ --------- program set for frame 0 ------- \
: :
+-------------+-------------+- -+-------------+-------------+-
| Program(1) | Program(1) | | Program(1) | Program(1) |
| Independent | Dependent | ... | Dependent | Independent | ...
| Substream | Substream(0)| | Substream(n)| Substream |
| Frame 0 | Frame 0 | | Frame 0 | Frame 1 |
+-------------+-------------+- -+-------------+-------------+-
LAN 1 --------------------------------------
Upstream | | Upstream
A(non-proxy) B(proxy)
Downstream |(lowest IP) | Downstream
LAN 2 --------------------------------------
LAN 1 --------------------------------------
Upstream | | Upstream
A B
Downstream | | Downstream
LAN 2 --------------------------------------
LAN 1 --------------------------------------
Upstream | | Downstream
A B
Downstream | | Upstream
LAN 2 --------------------------------------
+----+
| Rb | 3.3.3.3
/ +----+
AS1 AS2 / |
+---+ +--+ / |
|RP1|---------|Ra| |
+---+ +--+ |
1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 |
\ |
\ |
\ +-----+
| RP2 |
+-----+
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ AES-CMAC-PRF-128 +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ +
+ Input : VK (Variable-length key) +
+ : M (Message, i.e., the input data of the PRF) +
+ : VKlen (length of VK in octets) +
+ : len (length of M in octets) +
+ Output : PRV (128-bit Pseudo-Random Variable) +
+ +
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ Variable: K (128-bit key for AES-CMAC) +
+ +
+ Step 1. If VKlen is equal to 16 +
+ Step 1a. then +
+ K := VK; +
+ Step 1b. else +
+ K := AES-CMAC(0^128, VK, VKlen); +
+ Step 2. PRV := AES-CMAC(K, M, len); +
+ return PRV; +
+ +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
native HDLC/PPP service native HDLC/PPP service
+-----------------------------------+
| PE |
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | PSN | |P|
| |<==|h|<=| NSP |<=|minati|<=|Tunnel|<=|h|<== From PSN
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
| C | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| E | | |
| | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | PSN | |P|
| |==>|h|=>| NSP |=>|minati|=>|Tunnel|=>|h|==> To PSN
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| |
+-----------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
A B C
+------+ +-------+
| FR | | FR |
|device| FR UNI/NNI | device|
| [P1]------------------------[P2] |
| | carrying n FR VCs | |
+------+ +-------+
|<---------------------------->|
| |
+----+ +----+
+------+ | | One PW | | +------+
| | | |==================| | | |
| FR | FR | PE1| carrying n FR VCs| PE2| FR | FR |
|device|----------| | | |---------|device|
| CE1 | UNI/NNI | | | | UNI/NNI | CE2 |
+------+ +----+ +----+ +------+
| |
|<----------------------------------------------->|
n FR VCs
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| PW End V V V V PW End |
V Service +----+ +----+ Service V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | (PE1) (PE2) | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
Attachment Circuit (AC) Attachment Circuit (AC)
native frame relay service native frame relay service
(Initial IKEv2 Exchange)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>v
Old IP +--+ +---+ v
address |MN|------> |OAR| -------------V v
+--+ +---+ Old path V v
. +----+ v>>>>> +--+
.move | R | -------> |GW|
. | | >>>>> | |
v +----+ ^ +--+
+--+ +---+ New path ^ ^
New IP |MN|------> |NAR|--------------^ ^
address +--+ +---+ ^
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>^
(MOBIKE Address Update)
+------------+ +------------+
| Peer A | *~~~~~~~~~* | Peer B |
| |>>>>>>>>>> * Network *>>>>>>>>>>| |
| IP_A1 +-------->+ +--------->+ IP_B1 |
| | | | | |
| IP_A2 +********>+ +*********>+ IP_B2 |
| | * * | |
+------------+ *~~~~~~~~~* +------------+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| PW End V V V V PW End |
V Service +----+ +----+ Service V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
native service native service
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |<---Fragmentation Domain--->| |
| ||<------- Pseudowire ----->|| |
| || || |
| || |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| || |
| PW End VV V V VV PW End |
V Service +----+ +----+ Service V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
native service native service
0 7 8 15
+-+-+-+-+-------+---------------+
|B|E|0|0| sequence number |
+-+-+-+-+-------+---------------+
-------------+--------------+----------------------+----------------
First 6 bits | P-Bit | PLEN | Packet | Remarks
of Payload |(payload hdr.)| |
-------------+--------------+----------------------+----------------
100000 | 1 | 0 | Picture | Typical Picture
100000 | 1 | > 0 | Picture | Note UFEP
1xxxxx | 1 | 0 | GOB/Slice/EOS/EOSBS | See possible GNs
1xxxxx | 1 | > 0 | GOB/Slice | See possible GNs
Xxxxxx | 0 | 0 | Follow-on |
Xxxxxx | 0 | > 0 | Follow-on | Interior Resync
-------------+--------------+----------------------+----------------
10.24.0.0 -- 10.24.7.0__ __10.32.0.0 - 10.32.15.0
C1: 10.24.0.0/21 \ / C7: 10.32.0.0/20
\ /
+----+ +----+
10.24.16.0 - 10.24.31.0_ | | | |
C2: 10.24.16.0/20 \ | | _10.24.12.0 - 10.24.15.0__ | |
\| | / C4: 10.24.12.0/20 \ | |
| |/ \| |
10.24.8.0 - 10.24.11.0___/| PA |\ | PB |
C3: 10.24.8.0/22 | | \__10.24.32.0 - 10.24.33.0___| |
| | C5: 10.24.32.0/23 | |
| | | |
10.24.34.0 - 10.24.35.0__/| | | |
C6: 10.24.34.0/23 | | | |
+----+ +----+
|| ||
routing advertisements: || ||
|| ||
10.24.12.0/22 (C4) || 10.24.12.0/22 (C4) ||
10.32.0.0/20 (C7) || 10.24.32.0/23 (C5) ||
10.24.0.0/13 (PA) || 10.32.0.0/13 (PB) ||
|| ||
VV VV
+---------- BACKBONE NETWORK BB ----------+
+-----+ +-----+
+--+ +---+ | | | |
|PC|--------------|CPE|-----------|DSLAM|-----------| BRAS|
+--+ <Ethernet> +---+ <ATM> | | <ATM> | |
+-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+
+--+ +---+ | | | |
|PC|--------------| RG|-----------|DSLAM|------------| BRAS|
+--+ <Ethernet> +---+ <ATM> | | <GigE> | |
+-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+
+--+ +---+ | | | |
|PC|--------------| RG|------------|DSLAM|------------| BRAS|
+--+ <Ethernet> +---+ <ATM> | | <GigE> | |
+-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+
+--+ +---+ | | | |
|PC|--------------|CPE|------------|DSLAM|------------| BRAS|
+--+ <ATM> +---+ <ATM> | | <GigE> | |
+-----+ +-----+
+----------------------------+
| IASP(ASA+MSA) |
+----+ +-----+ +----+ |
| MN |--- | NAS | | HA | |
+----+ +-----+ +----+ |
| \ \ |
| \ +------+ \ +-------+ |
| -|AAA-NA| -|AAA-MIP| |
| +------+ +-------+ |
+----------------------------+
+--------------+ +--------+
| | |Serving |
| ASP | | MSP |
+----+ +-----+ | | +----+ |
| MN |--- | NAS | | | | HA | | +-------------------+
+----+ +-----+ |===| +----+ | | MSA |
| \ | | \ || (e.g., corporate NW)|
| \ +------+ | | \ | +-------+ |
| -|AAA-NA| | | -------|AAA-MIP| |
| +------+ | | | | +-------+ |
+------------ + +--------+ +-------------------+
--------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DNSKEY DS change DNSKEY removal
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA0 --------> SOA1 -------->
RRSIGpar(SOA0) --------> RRSIGpar(SOA1) -------->
DS1 --------> DS2 -------->
RRSIGpar(DS) --------> RRSIGpar(DS) -------->
Child:
SOA0 SOA1 --------> SOA2
RRSIG10(SOA0) RRSIG10(SOA1) --------> RRSIG10(SOA2)
-------->
DNSKEY1 DNSKEY1 --------> DNSKEY2
DNSKEY2 -------->
DNSKEY10 DNSKEY10 --------> DNSKEY10
RRSIG1 (DNSKEY) RRSIG1 (DNSKEY) --------> RRSIG2 (DNSKEY)
RRSIG2 (DNSKEY) -------->
RRSIG10(DNSKEY) RRSIG10(DNSKEY) --------> RRSIG10(DNSKEY)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DS new DNSKEY DS/DNSKEY removal
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA0 SOA1 --------> SOA2
RRSIGpar(SOA0) RRSIGpar(SOA1) --------> RRSIGpar(SOA2)
DS1 DS1 --------> DS2
DS2 -------->
RRSIGpar(DS) RRSIGpar(DS) --------> RRSIGpar(DS)
Child:
SOA0 --------> SOA1 SOA1
RRSIG10(SOA0) --------> RRSIG10(SOA1) RRSIG10(SOA1)
-------->
DNSKEY1 --------> DNSKEY2 DNSKEY2
-------->
DNSKEY10 --------> DNSKEY10 DNSKEY10
RRSIG1 (DNSKEY) --------> RRSIG2(DNSKEY) RRSIG2 (DNSKEY)
RRSIG10(DNSKEY) --------> RRSIG10(DNSKEY) RRSIG10(DNSKEY)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
+--first octet--+-second octet--+--third octet--+
|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+-----------+---+-------+-------+---+-----------+
|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|
+--1.index--+--2.index--+--3.index--+--4.index--+
1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901 23456789
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|< 1 >< 2| >< 3 ><|.4 >< 5.|>< 6 ><.|7 >< 8 >|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
<===> 8th character
<====> 7th character
<===> 6th character
<====> 5th character
<====> 4th character
<===> 3rd character
<====> 2nd character
<===> 1st character
I_message = HDR, T, RAND, [IDi], IDr,
{SP}, DHi, KEMAC
-----------------------> R_message = HDR, T,
[IDr], IDi, DHr,
DHi, KEMAC
<----------------------
I_message = HDR, T, [IDi], IDr,
{SP}, [DHi], KEMAC
-----------------------> R_message = HDR, T,
[IDr], IDi,
[DHr, DHi], KEMAC
<----------------------
mobile node home agent correspondent node
| | |
| | |
|--Home Test Init------>|---------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<----------------------|<-----------Home Test--|
| | |
| |
~~+~~ handoff |
| |
|--Early Binding Update------------------------>| -+-
|--Care-of Test Init -------------------------->| |
| | |
| | | care-of
|<----------------Early Binding Acknowledgment--| | address
|<-------------------------------Care-of Test---| | unverified
| | |
| | |
|--Binding Update------------------------------>| -+-
| |
| |
|<----------------------Binding Acknowledgment--|
| |
mobile node correspondent node
| |
| |
address |--data----------------->| credit += size(data)
verified | |
|--data----------------->| credit += size(data)
|<-----------------data--| don't change credit
| |
address + address change |
unverified |<-----------------data--| credit -= size(data)
|--data----------------->| credit += size(data)
|<-----------------data--| credit -= size(data)
| |
|<-----------------data--| credit -= size(data)
| X credit < size(data)
| | ==> Do not send!
address | |
verified |<-----------------data--| don't change credit
| |
------------------- -------
|R1 | |R2 |
| | | | ------
| L1 L2 L3 | | L4 | |R3 |
| : : : | | : | | |
| : : : | | : | | L5 |
Control ---+-----+-----+--- ---+--- | : |
Plane : : : : | : |
----------------+-----+-----+-----------+-------+---+--+-
Data : : : : | : |
Plane -- : -- -- | -- |
----|P1|--------|P3|--------|P4|------+-|P5|-+-
-- \ : / -- -- | -- |
\ -- / | |
|P2| ------
--
------ ------
| | | |
| L1 | | L2 |
| : | | : |
| : R1| | : R2|
Control Plane --+--- --+---
Elements : :
------------------+-----------------------------+------------------
Data Plane : :
Elements : :
----+-----------------------------+-----
| : : |
| --- --- --- |
| | |----------| P |----------| | |
---+--| | --- | |---+---
| | | | | |
| | P1|-------------------------| P2| |
| --- --- |
----------------------------------------
--------------
|R4 |
| |
| L6 |
| : |
| ...... |
---:------:---
Control Plane : :
+------+------+------+
Data Plane : :
---:------:---
|P8 : : |
| -- -- |
--+-|P |----|P |-+--
| -- -- |
--------------
---------------
| --------- | Routing ----------
| | | | Protocol | |
| | TED |<-+----------+-> |
| | | | | |
| --------- | | |
| | | | |
| | Input | | |
| v | | |
| --------- | | |
| | | | | Adjacent |
| | PCE | | | Node |
| | | | | |
| --------- | | |
| ^ | | |
| |Request | | |
| |Response| | |
| v | | |
| --------- | | |
Service | | | | Signaling| |
Request | |Signaling| | Protocol | |
------+->| Engine |<-+----------+-> |
| | | | | |
| --------- | ----------
---------------
----------
| ----- |
| | TED |<-+----------->
| ----- | TED synchronization
| | | mechanism (for example, routing protocol)
| | |
| v |
| ----- |
| | PCE | |
| ----- |
----------
^
| Request/
| Response
v
Service ---------- Signaling ----------
Request | Head-End | Protocol | Adjacent |
---->| Node |<---------->| Node |
---------- ----------
---------- ----------
| | | |
| PCE | | PCE |
| | | |
| ----- | | ----- |
| | TED | | | | TED | |
| ----- | | ----- |
---------- ----------
^ ^
| Request/ | Request/
| Response | Response
v v
Service -------- Signaling ------------ Signaling ------------
Request |Head-End| Protocol |Intermediate| Protocol |Intermediate|
---->| Node |<--------->| Node |<--------->| Node |
-------- ------------ ------------
---------- ----------
| | Inter-PCE Request/Response | |
| PCE |<--------------------------------->| PCE |
| | | |
| ----- | | ----- |
| | TED | | | | TED | |
| ----- | | ----- |
---------- ----------
^
| Request/
| Response
v
Service ---------- Signaling ---------- Signaling ----------
Request | Head-End | Protocol | Adjacent | Protocol | Adjacent |
---->| Node |<---------->| Node |<---------->| Node |
---------- ---------- ----------
-----------
| ----- |
Service | | TED |<-+----------->
Request | ----- | TED synchronization
| | | | mechanism (for example,
v | | | routing protocol)
------------- Request/ | v |
| | Response| ----- |
| NMS |<--------+> | PCE | |
| | | ----- |
------------- -----------
Service |
Request |
v
---------- Signaling ----------
| Head-End | Protocol | Adjacent |
| Node |<---------->| Node |
---------- ----------
------------------------------
| --------- | Routing ----------
| | | | Protocol | |
| | TED |<-+----------+-> |
| | | | | |
| --------- | | |
| | | | |
| | Input | | |
| v | | |
| --------- --------- | | |
| | Policy | | | | | Adjacent |
| |Component|--->| PCE | | | Node |
| | | | | | | |
| --------- --------- | | |
| ^ | | |
| |Request | | |
| |Response| | |
| v | | |
| --------- | | |
Service | | | | Signaling| |
Request | |Signaling| | Protocol | |
------+---------------->| Engine |<-+----------+-> |
| | | | | |
| --------- | ----------
------------------------------
------------------ ------------------
| | Inter-PCE Request/Response| |
| PCE |<------------------------->| PCE |
| | | |
| ------ ----- | | ------ ----- |
| |Policy| | TED | | | |Policy| | TED | |
| ------ ----- | | ------ ----- |
------------------ ------------------
^
| Request/
| Response
v
Service ---------- Signaling ---------- Signaling ----------
Request| Head-End | Protocol | Adjacent | Protocol | Adjacent |
---->| Node |<---------->| Node |<---------->| Node |
---------- ---------- ----------
+-----------------+ +------------------+
| Control-Client |<--OWAMP-Control-->| Server |
| Fetch-Client | | |
| Session-Sender |---OWAMP-Test----->| Session-Receiver |
+-----------------+ +------------------+
+-------------------------------------------+
| Top Level Document: multipart/related |
| |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
| | Part A: application/rlmi+xml | |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
| | Part B: multipart/related | |
| | | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | | Part D: application/rlmi+xml | | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | | Part E: application/pidf+xml | | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | | Part F: application/pidf+xml | | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | | |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
| | Part C: application/pidf+xml | |
| +---------------------------------------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------+
Terminal pres.vancouver.example.com pres.stockholm.example.org
| | pres.dallas.example.net |
1 |---SUBSCRIBE--->| | |
2 |<-----200-------| | |
3 |<----NOTIFY-----| | |
4 |------200------>| | |
5 | |---SUBSCRIBE--->| |
6 | |<-----200-------| |
7 | |<----NOTIFY-----| |
8 | |------200------>| |
9 | |------------SUBSCRIBE----------->|
10| |<--------------200---------------|
11| |<-------------NOTIFY-------------|
12| |---------------200-------------->|
13|<----NOTIFY-----| | |
14|------200------>| | |
|-----Routed Backbone-----|
| (P Routers) |PSN Tunnels,
Emulated LAN | |Pseudowires
.......................................................................
. | | .
. |---------------------|----| |--------|-----------------| .
. | --------------------|--- | | -------|---------------- | .
. | VPLS Forwarder | | VPLS Forwarder | .
. | ----------|------------- | | ----------|------------- | .
..|.................................................................|..
| | Emulated LAN | | | Emulated LAN |
| | Interface | VPLS-PEs | | Interface |
| | | <----> | | |
| ----------|------------ | | ----------|------------ |
| | Bridge | | | | Bridge | |
| -|--------|---------|-- | | ---|-------|---------|- |
|--|--------|---------|----| |----|-------|---------|---|
| | | | | |
| | Access | | | Access |
| | Networks| | | Networks|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
CE devices CE devices
VPLS-PE/VPWS-PE
Functionality . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
+----+ . +----+ +----+ . . Service .
| CE |--.--|U-PE|----|N-PE|-.---. Provider .
+----+ . +----+ +----+ . . Backbone .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
+--------+
| |
+------------+ SG 1 +--------------+
+-------+ | SS7 links | "STP" | IP network | ----
| SEP +---+ +--------+ +---/ \
| or | |* | ASPs |
| STP +---+ +--------+ +---\ /
+-------+ | | | | ----
+------------+ SG 2 +--------------+
| "STP" |
+--------+
+--------------+
| |
+----------------------| ASP-ACTIVE |
| Other ASP/ +-------| |
| IPSP in AS | +--------------+
| Overrides | ^ |
| | ASPAC/ | | ASPIA/
| |[ASPAC-Ack]| | [ASPIA-Ack]
| | | v
| | +--------------+
| | | |
| +------>| ASP-INACTIVE |
| | |
| +--------------+
| ^ |
ASPDN/ | | | ASPDN /
[ASPDN-Ack/]| ASPUP/ | | [ASPDN-Ack /]
SCTP CDI/ | [ASPUP-Ack] | | SCTP CDI/
SCTP RI | | | SCTP RI
| | v
| +--------------+
| | |
+--------------------->| ASP-DOWN |
| |
+--------------+
SGP ASP1
| |
|<-------------ASP Up-----------|
|-----------ASP Up Ack--------->|
| |
|-----NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)(RCn)--->|
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCn)-------| RC: Routing Context
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCn)----->| (optional)
| |
|-----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RCn)----->|
| |
SGP ASP1
| |
|<------------ASP Up------------|
|----------ASP Up Ack---------->|
| |
| |
|<----REGISTER REQ(LRCn,RKn)----| LRC: Local Routing
| | Key Id
|----REGISTER RESP(LRCn,RCn)--->| RK: Routing Key
| | RC: Routing Context
|----NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)(RCn)---->|
| |
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCn)-------|
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCn)----->|
| |
|-----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RCn)----->|
| |
SGP ASP1
| |
|<------------ASP Up------------|
|----------ASP Up Ack---------->|
| |
|<----REGISTER REQ(LRC1,RK1)----| LRC: Local Routing
| | Key Id
|----REGISTER RESP(LRC1,RC1)--->| RK: Routing Key
| | RC: Routing Context
|---NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)(RC1)--->|
| |
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RC1)-------|
|-----ASP Active Ack (RC1)----->|
| |
|----NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RC1)---->|
| |
~ ~
| |
|<----REGISTER REQ(LRCn,RKn)----|
| |
|----REGISTER RESP(LRCn,RCn)--->|
| |
|---NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)(RCn)--->|
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCn)-------|
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCn)----->|
| |
|----NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RCn)---->|
| |
SGP ASP1
| |
|<------------ASP Up------------|
|----------ASP Up Ack---------->|
| |
| |
|<---REGISTER REQ({LRC1,RK1}, |
| ..., |
| {LRCn,RKn}),--|
| |
|---REGISTER RESP({LRC1,RC1},-->|
| ..., |
| (LRCn,RCn}) |
| |
|--NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)(RC1..RCn)->|
| |
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RC1)-------|
|-----ASP Active Ack (RC1)----->|
| |
|----NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RC1)---->|
| |
: :
: :
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCn)-------|
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCn)----->|
| |
|----NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)(RCn)---->|
| |
SGP ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<--------ASP Up---------| |
|-------ASP Up Ack------>| |
| | |
|--NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)-->| |
| | |
|<----------------------------ASP Up----------------|
|----------------------------ASP Up Ack------------>|
| | |
|--------------------------NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)----->|
| | |
| | |
|<-------ASP Active------| |
|------ASP Active Ack--->| |
| | |
|---NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)--->| |
|--------------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)------->|
| | |
SGP ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<---------ASP Up--------| |
|--------ASP Up Ack----->| |
| | |
|--NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)-->| |
| | |
|<-----------------------------ASP Up---------------|
|----------------------------ASP Up Ack------------>|
| | |
|--------------------------NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)----->|
| | |
|<--ASP Active (Ldshr)---| |
|-----ASP-Active Ack---->| |
| | |
|---NOTIFY (AS-ACTIVE)-->| |
|-----------------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)---->|
| | |
|<---------------------------ASP Active (Ldshr)-----|
|------------------------------ASP Active Ack------>|
| | |
SGP ASP1 ASP2 ASP3
| | | |
|<------ASP Up------| | |
|-----ASP Up Ack--->| | |
| | | |
|NTFY(AS-INACTIVE)->| | |
| | | |
|<-------------------------ASP Up-------| |
|------------------------ASP Up Ack---->| |
| | | |
|------------------NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)->| |
| | | |
|<--------------------------------------------ASP Up--------|
|--------------------------------------------ASP Up Ack---->|
| | | |
|--------------------------------------NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)->|
| | | |
| | | |
|<--ASP Act (Ldshr)-| | |
|----ASP Act Ack--->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<-------------------ASP Act. (Ldshr)---| |
|----------------------ASP Act Ack----->| |
| | | |
|--NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)->| | |
|--------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)->| |
|----------------------------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)->|
| | | |
| | | |
SGP ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<-----ASP Inactive------| |
|----ASP Inactive Ack--->| |
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-PENDING)--->| |
|-----------------------NTFY(AS-PENDING)----------->|
| | |
|<----------------------------- ASP Active----------|
|-----------------------------ASP Active Ack------->|
| | |
|----NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)---->| |
|-----------------------NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)------------>|
SGP ASP1 ASP2
| | |
|<----------------------------- ASP Active----------|
|------------------------------ASP Active Ack------>|
|----NTFY(Alt ASP-Act)-->| |
| | |
SGP ASP1 ASP2 ASP3
| | | |
|<----ASP Inact.----| | |
|---ASP Inact Ack-->| | |
| | | |
|--NTFY(Ins. ASPs)->| | |
|---------------------------------------NOTIFY(Ins. ASPs)-->|
| | | |
| | | |
|<----------------------------------------ASP Act (Ldshr)---|
|------------------------------------------ASP Act (Ack)--->|
| | | |
|-NTFY(AS-ACTIVE)-->| | |
|-------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)-->| |
|---------------------------------------NOTIFY(AS-ACTIVE)-->|
| | | |
| | | |
SGP ASP1
| |
|<-----ASP Inactive (RCn)------| RC: Routing Context
|----ASP Inactive Ack (RCn)--->|
| |
|<-----DEREGISTER REQ(RCn)-----| See Notes
| |
|---DEREGISTER RESP(LRCn,RCn)->|
| |
: :
| |
|<-----------ASP Down----------|
|---------ASP Down Ack-------->|
| |
ASP SGP
--- ---
| -------- DAUD ---------> |
| <------ SCON(0) -------- |
| <------- DAVA ---------- |
ASP SGP
--- ---
| -------- DAUD ---------> |
| <------ SCON(2) -------- |
| <------- DAVA ---------- |
SGP ASP
| |
|<----------DAUD-----------|
|<----------DAUD-----------|
|<----------DAUD-----------|
| |
| |
SGP ASP
| |
--MTP-PAUSE ind.-->|---------DUNA----------->|--MTP-PAUSE ind.-->
| |
5.5.2.3.2. Destination Available
IPSP-A IPSP-B
| |
|-------------ASP Up------------>|
|<----------ASP Up Ack-----------|
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCb)--------| RC: Routing Context
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCb)------>| (optional)
| |
| |
|<========= DATA (RCb) ========>|
| |
|<-----ASP Inactive (RCb)--------| RC: Routing Context
|----ASP Inactive Ack (RCb)----->| (optional)
| |
|<-----------ASP Down------------|
|---------ASP Down Ack---------->|
| |
IPSP-A IPSP-B
| |
|<-------------ASP Up------------|
|-----------ASP Up Ack---------->|
| |
|-------------ASP Up------------>| (optional)
|<----------ASP Up Ack-----------| (optional)
| |
|<------- ASP Active(RCb)--------| RC: Routing Context
|-----ASP Active Ack (RCb)------>| (optional)
| |
|------- ASP Active(RCa)-------->| RC: Routing Context
|<-----ASP Active Ack (RCa)------| (optional)
| |
|<========= DATA (RCa) =========|
|========== DATA (RCb) ========>|
| |
|<-----ASP Inactive (RCb)--------| RC: Routing Context
|----ASP Inactive Ack (RCb)----->|
| |
|------ASP Inactive (RCa)------->| RC: Routing Context
|<----ASP Inactive Ack (RCa)-----|
| |
|<-----------ASP Down------------|
|---------ASP Down Ack---------->|
| |
|------------ASP Down----------->| (optional)
|<--------ASP Down Ack-----------| (optional)
| |
Host#1 ************** ************** Host#3
* ********__*__________________________*__******** * =
* *SGP1.1*__*_____ _______________*__* ASP1 * * MGC1
* ******** * \ / * ******** *
* ********__*______\__/________________*__******** *
* *SGP2.1*__*_______\/______ _____*__* ASP2 * *
* ******** * /\ | | * ******** *
* : * / \ | | * : *
* ******** * / \ | | * ******** *
* * SGPn * * | | | | * * ASPn * *
* ******** * | | | | * ******** *
************** | | | | **************
| | \ /
Host#2 ************** | | \ / ************** Host#4
* ********__*_____| |______\/_______*__******** * =
* *SGP1.2*__*_________________/\_______*__* ASP1 * * MGC2
* ******** * / \ * ******** *
* ********__*_______________/ \_____*__******** *
* *SGP2.2*__*__________________________*__* ASP2 * *
* ******** * * ******** *
* : * SCTP Associations * : *
* ******** * * ******** *
* * SGPn * * * * ASPn * *
* ******** * * ******** *
************** **************
+----+ L2 +----+ +----+ L2 +----+
| CE |------| PE |....[core network]....| PE |------| CE |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|<- emulated service ->|
|<----------------- L2 service -------------->|
---------> Pick Next
| Source Forwarder
| |
| |
| v N
| Found Source Forwarder? ----------> End
| |
| Y |
| v
| Pick Next <--------------------------------
| Target Forwarder |
| | |
| | |
| N v |
-------- Found Target Forwarder? |
| |
Y | |
v Y Y |
Same Router ID? ------> Same Forwarder ID? ------|
| | |
N | N | |
| v |
| Create Local -------|
v Cross-connect |
Pseudowire Already Y |
Established Between -------------------------------|
Source and Target? |
| |
N | |
v |
Local Initiates Pseudowire |
Connection Request to Remote |
| |
| |
v |
-------> Local Wait for Message |
| ----- from Remote -------------- |
| | | |
| | | |
| v v |
| Local Receives Pseudowire Local Receives Pseudowire |
| Connection Request Connection Response |
| from Remote from Remote |
| | | |
| | | |
| v v N |
| Perform Pseudowire Connection Accepted? --------|
| Tie Detection | |
| | Y | |
| | v |
| | Local Binds Source ---------|
| | Forwarder to Pseudowire |
| | |
| v N N |
| Tie Detected? -----> Accept Remote -----> Reject ------|
| | Connection Request? Remote Request |
| Y | ^ | |
| v | | Y |
| Perform Tie Breaking | ------> Local Binds ----
| | | Source Forwarder
| | | to Pseudowire
| v N |
| Won Tie Breaking? ------> Disconnect
| | Local Connection
| Y |
| v
------ Ignore Remote
Connection Request
+---------------+ +---------------+
User 1----| | Disconnect-Request | |
| Dynamic | CoA-Request | Dynamic |
User 2----| Authorization |<---------------------| Authorization |
| Server |--------------------->| Client |
User 3----| (DAS) | Disconnect-Ack | (DAC) |
| | Disconnect-NAK | |
+---------------+ CoA-Ack/CoA-NAK +---------------+
<----------------AS1--------------------> <----AS2---
Area 1 Area 0 Area 2
R1---------R3-----R5-------R6-----------R9----------R11----R13
| | | |
| | | |
R2---------R4-----R7-------R8-----------R10---------R12----R14
|
|
--
|S1|
--
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag rules |
|----+-----+----+-----|----+
| | |SHLD| MUST| |
Attribute Name Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
Egress-VLANID OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
Ingress-Filters Enumerated | M | P | | V | Y |
Egress-VLAN-Name UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
User-Priority-Table OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
----------
| Group |
-------->|Member 1|<--|
| ---------- |
| |
--------- ---------- | ---------- |
|Request|<------>| Load |---| | Group | |
|Origins|<------>|Balancer|----------->|Member 2|<--|
--------- | |---| ---------- |
---------- | |
^ | ---------- |
| -------->| Group | |
SASP | |Member 3|<--|
------- ---------- |
| |
| -------------------- |
| | Group | SASP |
------>| Workload Manager |<----------
--------------------
-------------------------------------------------
| |T| Type (SASP Header Type) |
| SASP |----------------------------------|
| Header |L| Length of SASP header TLV |
| |----------------------------------|
| |V| Header fields |
|-----------------------------------------------|
| |T| Type (Message Type) |
| Message |----------------------------------|
| Type |L| Length of this Message Type TLV|
| Component |----------------------------------|
| |V| Component fields |
|-----------------------------------------------|
| |T| Type (Component Type) |
| |----------------------------------|
|Component-1 |L| Length of this TLV |
| |----------------------------------|
| |V| Component fields |
|-----------------------------------------------|
| ... |
|-----------------------------------------------|
| |T| Type (Component Type) |
| |----------------------------------|
|Component-n |L| Length of this TLV |
| |----------------------------------|
| |V| Component fields |
-------------------------------------------------
< xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx, xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx, xxxx...........xxxx >
|-----------------| |-----------------| |-----------------|
Type(2 bytes) Length(2 bytes) Value(variable)
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x2010 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x000D |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | Version | 1 byte | 0x01 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| Mesg Len| 4 bytes | 0x0000 006A|
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Mesg ID | 4 bytes | 0x3200 0000|
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x1035 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0009 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | RetCode | 1 byte | 0x00 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| Interval| 2 bytes | 0x0040 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| |GWD Count| 2 bytes | 0x0001 |
------------------------------------
*GWD Count = Group of Weight Data Count
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x4011 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0006 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|V| WE Count| 2 bytes | 0x0002 |
------------------------------------
*WE Count = Weight Entry Count
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x3011 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x000E |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| |LBUID len| 1 byte | 0x03 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | LBUID | 3 bytes | "LB1" or |
| | | | 0x4C 42 31 |
|V|---------|---------|------------|
| |GroupName| 1 byte | 0x05 |
| | Length | | |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Group | | "FARM1" or |
| | Name | 5 bytes | 0x46 41 52 |
| | | | 4D 31 |
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x3010 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0018 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | Protocol| 1 byte | 0x06 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Port | 2 bytes | 0x0050 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| IP |16 bytes | 0x0000 0000|
| | Address | | 0000 0000|
| | | | 0000 0000|
| | | | 0A0A 0A01|
| |---------|---------|------------|
| |Label Len| 1 byte | 0x00 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Label | 0 bytes | |
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x3012 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0008 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | State | 1 byte | 0x00 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| Flags | 1 byte | 0x0D |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Weight | 2 bytes | 0x0028 |
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x3010 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0018 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | Protocol| 1 byte | 0x06 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Port | 2 bytes | 0x0050 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| IP |16 bytes | 0x0000 0000|
| | Address | | 0000 0000|
| | | | 0000 0000|
| | | | 0A0A 0A02|
| |---------|---------|------------|
| |Label Len| 1 byte | 0x00 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Label | 0 bytes | |
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
| | Field | Size | Value |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|T| Type | 2 bytes | 0x3012 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
|L| Length | 2 bytes | 0x0008 |
|-----------|---------|------------|
| | State | 1 byte | 0x00 |
| |---------|---------|------------|
|V| Flags | 1 byte | 0x0D |
| |---------|---------|------------|
| | Weight | 2 bytes | 0x0014 |
------------------------------------
------------ Registration Request ------------------
| |----------------------->| |
| Load | | Group Workload |
| Balancer | Registration Reply | Manager |
| |<-----------------------| |
------------ ------------------
------------ Set LB State Request ------------------
| |----------------------->| |
| Load | | Group Workload |
| Balancer | Set LB State Reply | Manager |
| |<-----------------------| |
------------ ------------------
Load Group Workload
Balancer Manager
| |
| 1) Registration Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Registration Reply |
| |
| 2) Set LB State Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Set LB State Reply |
| |
| 3) Get Weights Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Get Weights Reply |
| | 4) Set Member State Req. --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| A |
| | Set Member State Reply --------
| |
| | 5) Set Member State Req. --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| C |
| | Set Member State Reply --------
| |
| 6) Get Weights Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Get Weights Reply |
| |
| | 7) Set Member State Req. --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| C |
| | Set Member State Reply --------
| |
| 8) Get Weights Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Get Weights Reply |
| |
Load Group Workload
Balancer Manager
| |
| 1) Set LB State Request |
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Set LB State Reply |
| |
| | 2) Registration Request --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| A |
| | Registration Reply --------
| |
| | 3) Registration Request --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| B |
| | Registration Reply --------
| |
| 4) Send Weights Mesg |
|<------------------------|
| |
| | 5) Registration Request --------
| |<-------------------------|Member|
| |------------------------->| C |
| | Registration Reply --------
| |
| 6) Send Weights Mesg |
|<------------------------|
| |
|7) Deregistration Request|
|------------------------>|
|<------------------------|
| Deregistration Reply |
| |
SupplementalData*
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello (no extensions) --------> |0
ServerHello (no extensions) |0
Certificate* |0
ServerKeyExchange* |0
CertificateRequest* |0
<-------- ServerHelloDone |0
Certificate* |0
ClientKeyExchange |0
CertificateVerify* |0
[ChangeCipherSpec] |0
Finished --------> |1
[ChangeCipherSpec] |0
<-------- Finished |1
ClientHello (w/ extensions) --------> |1
ServerHello (w/ extensions) |1
SupplementalData* |1
Certificate* |1
ServerKeyExchange* |1
CertificateRequest* |1
<-------- ServerHelloDone |1
SupplementalData* |1
Certificate* |1
ClientKeyExchange |1
CertificateVerify* |1
[ChangeCipherSpec] |1
Finished --------> |2
[ChangeCipherSpec] |1
<-------- Finished |2
Application Data <-------> Application Data |2
ClientHello
/* with user_mapping ext */ -------->
ServerHello
/* with user-mapping ext */
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
+----------------------------------+
| +---+ +---+ +---+ |
| | a | -- | b | -- | c | |
| +---+ +---+ +---+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ |
| | d | -- | e | -- | f | -- | j | |
| +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ |
| / | |
| / | |
| +---+ +---+ +---+ |
| | g | -- | h | -- | i | |
| +---+ +---+ +---+ |
+----------------------------------+
| 64 - m bits | m bits | 64 bits |
+------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
| global routing prefix | subnet ID | interface ID |
+------------------------+-----------+----------------------------+
Prefix Length (bits)
|
|
| Limited HD-Ratio
| Levels 0.98 0.94 0.90 0.86 0.82 0.80
| | | | | | | |
1 0.750 0.986 0.959 0.933 0.908 0.883 0.871
4 0.750 0.946 0.847 0.758 0.678 0.607 0.574
8 0.750 0.895 0.717 0.574 0.460 0.369 0.330
12 0.563 0.847 0.607 0.435 0.312 0.224 0.189
16 0.563 0.801 0.514 0.330 0.212 0.136 0.109
20 0.422 0.758 0.435 0.250 0.144 0.082 0.062
24 0.422 0.717 0.369 0.189 0.097 0.050 0.036
28 0.316 0.678 0.312 0.144 0.066 0.030 0.021
32 0.316 0.642 0.264 0.109 0.045 0.018 0.012
36 0.237 0.607 0.224 0.082 0.030 0.011 0.007
40 0.237 0.574 0.189 0.062 0.021 0.007 0.004
44 0.178 0.543 0.160 0.047 0.014 0.004 0.002
48 0.178 0.514 0.136 0.036 0.009 0.003 0.001
-----------------------------------------------------------
| Sublist Position | Head Status Octet | Tail Status Octet |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| first | 0xF0 | 0xF0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| middle | 0xF7 | 0xF0 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| last | 0xF7 | 0xF7 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------|
| cancel | 0xF7 | 0xF4 |
-----------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Channel Voice Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| NoteOff (end a note) | 1000cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| NoteOn (start a note) | 1001cccc 0nnnnnnn 0vvvvvvv |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PTouch (Polyphonic Aftertouch) | 1010cccc 0nnnnnnn 0aaaaaaa |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CControl (Controller Change) | 1011cccc 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PChange (Program Change) | 1100cccc 0ppppppp |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| CTouch (Channel Aftertouch) | 1101cccc 0aaaaaaa |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| PWheel (Pitch Wheel) | 1110cccc 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
-------------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Common Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Exclusive | 11110000, followed by a |
| | list of 0xxxxxx octets, |
| | followed by 11110111 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame | 11110001 0xxxxxxx |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Song Position Pointer | 11110010 0xxxxxxx 0yyyyyyy |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Song Select | 11110011 0xxxxxxx |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11110100 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11110101 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Tune Request | 11110110 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| System Exclusive End Marker | 11110111 |
-------------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| System Realtime Messages | Bitfield Pattern |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| Clock | 11111000 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11111001 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Start | 11111010 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Continue | 11111011 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Stop | 11111100 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Undefined | 11111101 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Active Sense | 11111110 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| System Reset | 11111111 |
-------------------------------------------------------------
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Given the networks A, B, C, and D as follows: |
| |
| A |---------------------------------| |
| B |-----------------| |
| C |---------| |
| D |-------| |
| |
| |
| Network A is less specific than B, C, and D. |
| Network B is more specific than A. |
| Among these four networks, A is the least specific, |
| and C and D are the most specific. |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Given networks E, F, and G: |
| |
| E |----------| |
| F |--------------| |
| G |---| |
| |
| Networks E and F are least specific networks. |
| Networks F and G are most specific networks. |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
A |-------------------------------|
B |---------------------------|
C |-------|
Query |- - - - - - - - - -|
A |-------------------------------|
B |---------------------------|
C |---------------------------|
D |-------|
Query |- - - - - - - - - -|
A |-------------------------------|
B |---------------------------|
C |---------------------------|
D |-------|
Query |- - - -|
Code Len Flags RCODE1 RCODE2 Domain Name
+------+------+------+------+------+------+--
| 81 | n | | | | ...
+------+------+------+------+------+------+--
+---------+ +----------+ +----------+ +---------+
| | | +----/ | | | |
| Network | | GigaBeam | / | GigaBeam | | Network |
| Device +=====+ Radio | /---- + Radio +=====+ Device |
| | | | | | | |
+---------+ ^ +----------+ ^ +----------+ ^ +---------+
| | |
| | |
Gigabit Ethernet | Gigabit Ethernet
GigaBeam Radio Link
+-------+ +-------+
+ |<---------------------1------------------->| +
+ |<---------------------2------------------->| +
| ATU-C <~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>| ATU-R |
+ |<---------------------3------------------->| +
+ |<---------------------4------------------->| +
+-------+ +-------+
+-------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Value | ADSL operation mode description |
+-------+--------------------------------------------------+
.............. .............. ...................
. NAS server. . NAS server. . NAS server .
. . . . . alt.*, .
. alt.* . . Big8 . . !alt.binaries.*.
.............. .............. ...................
. database . . database . . database .
.............. .............. ...................
^ ^ ^ ^
`--+ +--' `------+ +----'
| | | |
.------------. .------------.
| NAS client | | NAS client |
+------------+ +------------+
| netnews | | netnews |
| server | | server |
.------------. .------------.
............ collects from >
. root NAS.-------------------------+
. server .----------------+ |
............ | |
. database. | |
............ | |
^ v | ..........................
| | | . NAS server .
| |distributes | . authoritative for de.*.
queries| | | ..........................
| | | . database .
^ v | ..........................
.............. |
. NAS server. `--------+
.............. |
. database . ...........................
.............. . NAS server .
^ ^ ^ . authoritative for bln.*.
| | | .---------. ...........................
q | | `--| netnews | . database .
u | | | server | ...........................
e | | .---------.
r | |
i | | .---------.
e | `--| admin |
s | | program |
| .---------.
|
| .---------.
`--| news |
| reader |
.---------.
+----------------------+ +---------------------------+
| IP End-Device | | IP End-Device >----+ |
|+--------------------+| |+--------------------+ | |
|| APPLICATION || || APPLICATION | | |
|| -Voice over IP <----(1)----> -Voice over IP >- + | |
|| -Instant Messaging|| || -Instant Messaging| | 3 |
|| -Email || || -Email | 2 | |
|+--------------------+| |+--------------------+ | | |
| | | | | |
| | | +------------------+ | | |
+----------------------+ | |RAQMON Data Source|<-+ | |
| | (RDS) |<---+ |
| +------------------+ |
+-----------|---------------+
|
(4) RAQMON PDU transported
over TCP or SNMP Notifications
|
+----------------------------+
| |
|/ |/
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------+
|RAQMON Report | .. |RAQMON Report | | Management |
|Collector (RRC) #n| |Collector (RRC) #1|<--5-->| Application|
+------------------+ +------------------+ +------------+
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Bit Sequence | Presence/Absence of corresponding Parameter |
| Number | within this RAQMON PDU |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| 0 | Data Source Address (DA) |
| | |
| 1 | Receiver Address (RA) |
| | |
| 2 | NTP Timestamp |
| | |
| 3 | Application Name |
| | |
| 4 | Data Source Name (DN) |
| | |
| 5 | Receiver Name (RN) |
| | |
| 6 | Session Setup Status |
| | |
| 7 | Session Duration |
| | |
| 8 | Round-Trip End-to-End Net Delay (RTT) |
| | |
| 9 | One-Way End-to-End Network Delay (OWD) |
| | |
| 10 | Cumulative Packets Loss |
| | |
| 11 | Cumulative Packets Discards |
| | |
| 12 | Total number of App Packets sent |
| | |
| 13 | Total number of App Packets received |
| | |
| 14 | Total number of App Octets sent |
| | |
| 15 | Total number of App Octets received |
| | |
| 16 | Data Source Device Port Used |
| | |
| 17 | Receiver Device Port Used |
| | |
| 18 | Source Layer 2 Priority |
| | |
| 19 | Source Layer 3 Priority |
| | |
| 20 | Destination Layer 2 Priority |
| | |
| 21 | Destination Layer 3 Priority |
| | |
| 22 | Source Payload Type |
| | |
| 23 | Receiver Payload Type |
| | |
| 24 | CPU Utilization |
| | |
| 25 | Memory Utilization |
| | |
| 26 | Session Setup Delay |
| | |
| 27 | Application Delay |
| | |
| 28 | IP Packet Delay Variation |
| | |
| 29 | Inter arrival Jitter |
| | |
| 30 | Packet Discard (in fraction) |
| | |
| 31 | Packet Loss (in fraction) |
+----------------+--------------------------------------------------+
Alice Proxy GW Switch PBX Bob
| | | | | |
| INVITE | | | | |
|------------>| INVITE | | | |
| |------------>| IAM | | |
| | |----->|SETUP| |
| | | |---->| SETUP |
| | | | |---------->|
| | | | | |
Alice Switch GW1 Proxy GW2 Switch PBX Bob
| | | | | | | |
| SETUP | | | | | | |
|------>| IAM | | | | | |
| |---->| INVITE | | | | |
| | |---------->| INVITE | | | |
| | | |---------->| IAM | | |
| | | | |---->|SETUP| |
| | | | | |---->| SETUP |
| | | | | | |----------->|
| | | | | | | |
+--------------------------------------------------+
| I D P | |
|-------------| D S P |
| AFI | IDI | |
+--------------------------------------------------+
0 1 k ... Octets ... max. 20
+--------------------------------------------------+
| IDP | |
|-----| D S P |
| AFI | |
+--------------------------------------------------+
0 1 ... Octets ... max. 20
|<----- Pseudowire ----->|
| |
| |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| |
ATM Service V V V V ATM Service
| +----+ +----+ |
+----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+----+ | | |==================| | | +----+
^ +----+ +----+ | ^
| Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 |
| |
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Customer Customer
Edge 1 Edge 2
+---------------------------------------+
| LCCE |
+-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
|P| | | |PW ter| | PSN | |P|
Ethernet <==>|h|<=>| NSP |<=>|minati|<=>|Tunnel|<=>|h|<==> PSN
Interface |y| | | |on | | | |y|
+-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| |
+---------------------------------------+
Figure 1: PW termination
+----------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Verification and Key Management Infrastructure |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------+
^ | ^ |
| | | |
| v | v
+---------------+ +---------------+
| | | |
| foreign agent | | home agent |
| | | |
+---------------+ +---------------+
MN FA Verification home agent
|<-- Adv+Challenge--| Infrastructure |
| (if needed) | | |
| | | |
|-- RReq+Challenge->| | |
| + Auth.Ext. | | |
| | Auth. Request, incl. | |
| |--- RReq + Challenge --->| |
| | + Auth.Ext | RReq + |
| | |-- Challenge -->|
| | | |
| | | |
| | |<--- RRep ----- |
| | Authorization, incl. | |
| |<-- RRep + Auth.Ext.-----| |
| | | |
|<-- RRep+Auth.Ext--| | |
| + New Challenge | | |
MN FA home agent
|<-- Adv+Challenge--| |
| (if needed) | |
| | |
|-- RReq+Challenge->| |
| + Auth.Ext. | |
| |--- RReq + Challenge --->|
| | + HA-FA Auth.Ext |
| | |
| |<-- RRep + Challenge ----|
| | + HA-FA Auth.Ext |
| | |
|<-- RRep+Auth.Ext--| |
| + New Challenge | |
SIP +--------------+
Service URI | Application |
/----------------| Server |
/(e.g., RFC 3087) +--------------+
/ | MSCML
/ SIP | Session
/ +--------------+
+-----+/ RTP | |
| UAC |======================| Media Server |
+-----+ | |
+--------------+
+----------+
.| Registry |- -- -- -- -- -- --
. +----------+ |
. |
. | | Trust
DNS Delegation | Relation
. | Registration |
. |
. | |
+--------+ +-----------+ +----+
| DNS-SP |-- -- -- -- --| Registrar |----------------| VE |
+--------+ Nameservers +-----------+ Validation +----+
: | / |
: | E.164 Number
: | ENUM Assignment
: NAPTR | Management _ Verification
: | / |
: | _
: | / |
+-----+ ENUM enabled +------------+ E.164 Number +-----+
| ASP |- -- -- -- -- --| Assignee = |-- -- -- -- --| NAE |
+-----+ Service | Registrant | Assignment +-----+
+------------+
+--------------------------------------------+
| International Telecommunication Union (ITU)|
+--------------------------------------------+
|
Country codes (e.g., +44)
|
v
+-------------------------------------------+
| National Number Plan Administrator (NNPA) |------------+
+-------------------------------------------+ |
| |
Number Ranges |
(e.g., +44 20 7946 xxxx) |
| |
v |
+--------------------------------------+ |
| Communication Service Provider (CSP) | |
+--------------------------------------+ |
| |
| Single Numbers
Either Single Numbers (e.g., +44 909 8790879)
or Number Blocks (Variant 2)
(e.g., +44 20 7946 0999, +44 20 7946 07xx) |
(Variant 1) |
| |
v |
+----------+ |
| Assignee |<------------------------------+
+----------+
+----------+
| Registry |
+----------+
^
|
|(3)
|
+--------------------------------------+
| |
| ITSP |
| +-----------+ +----+ |
| | Registrar | | VE | |
| +-----------+ (2) +----+ |
| |
+--------------------------+ |
^ | |
| | |
|(1) | |
| | |
| | |
+------------+ (4) | +-----+ |
| Assignee = |<----------| | NAE | |
| Registrant | | +-----+ |
------------- | |
+-----------+
+----------+
| Registry |
+----------+
^
|
|(9)
|
|
| (3)
+-----------+ ---------->+----+
| Registrar |<---------- | VE |
+-----------+ (8) > +----+
^ / / ^ |
| / / | |
| (7)/ / | |
|(2) / / | |
| / / (5)| |
| / / | |
| / / | |
| / /(6) | |
| / / | |(4)
| / / | |
| / / | |
+------------+< | v
| Assignee = | +-----+
| Registrant |<---------- | NAE |
+------------+ (1) +-----+
^ "A" ^ "A,B" ^ "A,B,C" ^ "A,B,C,D"
| id=2 | id=2 | id=2 | id=2
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| A |---->| B |---->| C |---->| D |---->| E |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | |
v v v v
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| A |---->| B |---->| C |-->? | D | | E |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| A |---->| B |---->| C |---->| D |---->| E |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| A |---->| B |---->| C | | D | | E |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
\ ^
\ /
---------------------
Ingress Gateway Application Server Egress Gateway
| | |
| | |
| | |
|(1) INVITE | |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(3) ACK | |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(4) SUBSCRIBE (one-shot) |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(5) 200 OK | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(6) NOTIFY | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(7) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(8) | |
|......................| |
| | |
| | |
|(9) NOTIFY (digits) | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(10) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Gateway Card Application Personal Assistant
| | |
| | |
| | |
|(1) SUBSCRIBE (persistent) |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(3) NOTIFY | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(4) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(5) | |
|......................| |
| | |
| | |
|(6) NOTIFY (tag=card) | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(7) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(8) | |
|......................| |
| | |
| | |
|(9) NOTIFY (tag=number) |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(10) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
|(11) SUBSCRIBE | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(12) 200 OK | |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(13) NOTIFY | |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(14) 200 OK | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(15) | |
|.............................................|
| | |
| | |
|(16) NOTIFY (tag=number) |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(17) 200 OK | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(18) | |
|.............................................|
| | |
| | |
|(19) NOTIFY (tag=#) | |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(20) 200 OK | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(21) | |
|.............................................|
| | |
| | |
|(22) NOTIFY (tag=number) |
|-------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|(23) 200 OK | |
|<--------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
|(24) | |
|.............................................|
| | |
| | |
|(25) NOTIFY (L#) | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
|(26) 200 OK | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
+-------+-----------+------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| Time | Event | M | Time- | Seq | Event | Dura- | E |
| (ms) | | bit | stamp | No | Code | tion | bit |
+-------+-----------+------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
| 0 | "9" | | | | | | |
| | starts | | | | | | |
| 50 | RTP | "1" | 0 | 1 | 9 | 400 | "0" |
| | packet 1 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 100 | RTP | "0" | 0 | 2 | 9 | 800 | "0" |
| | packet 2 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 150 | RTP | "0" | 0 | 3 | 9 | 1200 | "0" |
| | packet 3 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 200 | RTP | "0" | 0 | 4 | 9 | 1600 | "0" |
| | packet 4 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 200 | "9" ends | | | | | | |
| 250 | RTP | "0" | 0 | 5 | 9 | 1600 | "1" |
| | packet 4 | | | | | | |
| | first | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
| 300 | RTP | "0" | 0 | 6 | 9 | 1600 | "1" |
| | packet 4 | | | | | | |
| | second | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
| 880 | First "1" | | | | | | |
| | starts | | | | | | |
| 930 | RTP | "1" | 7040 | 7 | 1 | 400 | "0" |
| | packet 5 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 1130 | RTP | "0" | 7040 | 11 | 1 | 2000 | "0" |
| | packet 9 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 1130 | First "1" | | | | | | |
| | ends | | | | | | |
| 1180 | RTP | "0" | 7040 | 12 | 1 | 2000 | "1" |
| | packet 9 | | | | | | |
| | first | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
| 1230 | RTP | "0" | 7040 | 13 | 1 | 2000 | "1" |
| | packet 9 | | | | | | |
| | second | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
| 1400 | Second | | | | | | |
| | "1" | | | | | | |
| | starts | | | | | | |
| 1450 | RTP | "1" | 11200 | 14 | 1 | 400 | "0" |
| | packet 10 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 1620 | Second | | | | | | |
| | "1" ends | | | | | | |
| 1650 | RTP | "0" | 11200 | 18 | 1 | 1760 | "1" |
| | packet 14 | | | | | | |
| | sent | | | | | | |
| 1700 | RTP | "0" | 11200 | 19 | 1 | 1760 | "1" |
| | packet 14 | | | | | | |
| | first | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
| 1750 | RTP | "0" | 11200 | 20 | 1 | 1760 | "1" |
| | packet 14 | | | | | | |
| | second | | | | | | |
| | retrans- | | | | | | |
| | mission | | | | | | |
+-------+-----------+------+--------+------+--------+--------+------+
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Time (ms) | Event |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| 220.0 | The called gateway detects the start of ANSam from |
| | its end. |
| | |
| 250.0 | The called gateway sends out the first ANSam event |
| | packet. M bit is set, timestamp is ts0 + 1760 |
| | (where ts0 is the timestamp value at the start of |
| | the call). The initial ANSam event continues until |
| | a phase shift is detected at 670.0 ms (see below). |
| | Up to this time, the called gateway sends out |
| | further ANSam event updates, with the same initial |
| | timestamp, M bit off, and cumulative duration |
| | increasing by 240 units each time. |
| | |
| 255.0 | The calling gateway receives the first ANSam event |
| | report and begins playout of ANSam tone at its end. |
| | |
| 275.0 | The calling terminal receives the beginning of ANSam |
| | tone and starts its timer. It will begin sending |
| | the CM signal 1 s later (at 1275.0 ms into the |
| | call). |
| | |
| 670.0 | The called gateway detects a phase shift in the |
| | incoming signal, marking a change from ANSam to |
| | /ANSam. This happens to coincide with the end of a |
| | packetization interval. For the sake of the |
| | example, assume that the called gateway does not |
| | detect this in time for the event report it sends |
| | out. |
| | |
| 2200.0 | The called gateway sends a packet containing no new |
| | events, but retransmissions of the last 18 bits of |
| | the JM signal (in two generations). |
| | |
| 2225.0 | The calling gateway sends out the second packet of |
| | V.34 signalling as voice-band data (PCMU). |
| | Timestamp is ts0 + 17560 and M bit is not set. The |
| | packet contains 240 8-bit samples. |
| | |
| 2230.0 | The called gateway sends out a packet containing no |
| | new events, but retransmissions of the final 9 bits |
| | of the JM signal. |
| | |
| 2245.0 | The called gateway begins to receive V.34 signalling |
| | from the called modem. |
| | |
| 2255.0 | The calling gateway sends out a third packet of V.34 |
| | signalling as voice-band data (PCMU). Timestamp is |
| | ts0 + 17800 and M bit is not set. The packet |
| | contains 240 8-bit samples. |
| | |
| 2260.0 | The called gateway sends out a first packet of V.34 |
| | signalling as voice-band data (PCMU). Timestamp is |
| | ts0 + 17960 and M bit is set to indicate the |
| | beginning of content after silence. The packet |
| | contains 120 samples. Packetization interval is |
| | shown here as continuing to be 30 ms. It could be |
| | less, but MUST NOT be more because that would make |
| | the silent period too long. |
| | |
| . . . | . . . |
+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
+-------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Event | Event Name | Reference |
| Code | | |
+-------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
| 23 | CRdSeg: second segment of V.8 bis CRd | RFC 4734 |
| | signal | |
| | | |
| 24 | CReSeg: second segment of V.8 bis CRe | RFC 4734 |
| | signal | |
| | | |
| 25 | MRdSeg: second segment of V.8 bis MRd | RFC 4734 |
| | signal | |
| | | |
| 26 | MReSeg: second segment of V.8 bis MRe | RFC 4734 |
| | signal | |
| | | |
| 27 | V32AC: A pattern of bits modulated at 4800 | RFC 4734 |
| | bits/s, emitted by a V.32/V.32bis | |
| | answering terminal upon detection of the | |
| | AA pattern. | |
| | | |
| 28 | V8bISeg: first segment of initiating V.8 | RFC 4734 |
| | bis signal | |
| | | |
| 29 | V8bRSeg: first segment of responding V.8 | RFC 4734 |
| | bis signal | |
| | | |
| 57 | V23Main: V.23 main channel indication for | RFC 4734 |
| | text telephony | |
| | | |
| 58 | V23Back: V.23 back channel indication for | RFC 4734 |
| | text telephony | |
| | | |
| 59 | Baud4545: 45.45 bits/s Baudot indication | RFC 4734 |
| | for text telephony | |
| | | |
| 60 | Baud50: 50 bits/s Baudot indication for | RFC 4734 |
| | text telephony | |
| | | |
| 61 | VBDGen: Tone patterns indicative of use of | RFC 4734 |
| | an unidentified modem type | |
| | | |
| 62 | XCIMark: A pattern of bits modulated in | RFC 4734 |
| | the V.23 main channel, emitted by a V.18 | |
| | calling terminal. | |
| | | |
| 63 | V32AA: A pattern of bits modulated at 4800 | RFC 4734 |
| | bits/s, emitted by a V.32/V.23bis calling | |
| | terminal. | |
+-------+--------------------------------------------+--------------+
R1---R2----R3---R6 R8---R10
| | | / | \ |
| | | / | \ |
| | | / | \|
R4---------R5---R7----R9---R11
Discontinuity Discontinuity
|---------Gap---------|
s = 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 11, 14, 15, 16
i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
+--------+
UAR/UAA +--->|Diameter|<----+ PPR/PPA
LIR/LIA | | server | | MAR/MAA
| +--------+ | SAR/SAA
| | RTR/RTA
| |
v v
+------+ SIP +--------+ SIP +--------+ SIP +------+
| SIP |<--------->| SIP |<-------->| SIP |<--------->| SIP |
| UA | |server 1| |server 2| | UA |
+------+ +--------+ +--------+ +------+
^ ^
UAR/UAA | |
LIR/LIA | | MAR/MAA
| +--------+ | SAR/SAA
+--->|Diameter|<----+
| SL |
+--------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| SIP | |Diameter| | SIP |
|server 1| | server | |server 2|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | |
1. SIP REGISTER | | |
-------------------->| 2. UAR | |
|------------------>| |
| 3. UAA | |
|<------------------| |
| 4. SIP REGISTER |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | 5. MAR |
| |<------------------|
| | 6. MAA |
| |------------------>|
| 7. SIP 401 (Unauthorized) |
8. SIP 401 (Unauth.) |<--------------------------------------|
<--------------------| | |
9. SIP REGISTER | | |
-------------------->| 10. UAR | |
|------------------>| |
| 11. UAA | |
|<------------------| |
| 12. SIP REGISTER |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | 13. MAR |
| |<------------------|
| | 14. MAA |
| |------------------>|
| 15. SIP 200 (OK) |
16. SIP 200 (OK) |<--------------------------------------|
<--------------------| | |
| | 17. SAR |
| |<------------------|
| | 18. SAA |
| |------------------>|
| | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| SIP | |Diameter| | SIP |
|server 1| | server | |server 2|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | |
1. SIP REGISTER | | |
-------------------->| 2. UAR | |
|------------------>| |
| 3. UAA | |
|<------------------| |
| 4. SIP REGISTER |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | 5. MAR |
| |<------------------|
| | 6. MAA |
| |------------------>|
| 7. SIP 401 (Unauthorized) |
8. SIP 401 (Unauth.) |<--------------------------------------|
<--------------------| | |
9. SIP REGISTER | | |
-------------------->| 10. UAR | |
|------------------>| |
| 11. UAA | |
|<------------------| |
| 12. SIP REGISTER |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | 13. SAR |
| |<------------------|
| | 14. SAA |
| |------------------>|
| 15. SIP 200 (OK) |
16. SIP 200 (OK) |<--------------------------------------|
<--------------------| | |
| | |
+--------+ +--------+
|Diameter| | SIP |
| server | | server |
+--------+ +--------+
| |
| |
1. SIP INVITE |
----------------------------------->|
| 2. MAR |
|<------------------|
| 3. MAA |
|------------------>|
| |
4. SIP 407 (Proxy |
Authentication Required) |
<-----------------------------------|
| |
5. SIP INVITE |
----------------------------------->|
| 6. MAR |
|<------------------|
| 7. MAA |
|------------------>| 8. SIP INVITE
| |---------------->
| | 9. SIP 200 (OK)
10. SIP 200 (OK) |<----------------
<-----------------------------------|
| |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| SIP | |Diameter| | SIP |
|server 1| | server | |server 2|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | |
1. SIP INVITE | | |
-------------->| 2. LIR | |
|---------------->| |
| 3. LIA | |
|<----------------| |
| 4. SIP INVITE |
|--------------------------------->|
| | | 5. SIP INVITE
| | |-------------->
| | |
| | |
+--------+ +--------+
|Diameter| | SIP |
| server | |server 2|
+--------+ +--------+
| |
| 1. PPR |
|------------------>|
| |
| 2. PPA |
|<------------------|
| |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| SIP | |Diameter| |Diameter| | SIP |
|server 1| |SL red. | |server 1| |server 2|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | | |
1. SIP INVITE| | | |
------------>| 2. LIR | | |
|---------->| | |
| 3. LIA | | |
|<----------| | |
| 4. LIR | |
|---------------------->| |
| 5. LIA | |
|<----------------------| |
| 6. SIP INVITE | |
|----------------------------------->| 7. SIP INVITE
| | | | ------------->
| | | |
+-----------------+
| |
| Common |
| Policy |
| |
+---+---------+---+
/|\ /|\
| |
+-------------------+ | | +-------------------+
| | | enhance | | |
| Location-specific | | | | Presence-specific |
| Policy |----+ +----| Policy |
| | | |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
+--------+ +--------+
| | EAP-Request/Identity | |
| CLIENT |<------------------------------------| SERVER |
| | | |
| | EAP-Response/Identity | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-PAX (STD or SEC) | |
| |<----------------------------------->| |
| | ... ... | |
| |<----------------------------------->| |
| | | |
| | EAP-Success or EAP-Failure | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
+--------+ +--------+
Certificate | Provisioning | Identity
Mode | | Protection
==================+=====================+======================
No Certificate | MiTM offline | ID reveal attack
| dictionary attack |
------------------+---------------------+---------------------
Self-Signed | MiTM offline | ID reveal attack
Certificate | dictionary attack |
------------------+---------------------+---------------------
Certificate/PK | MiTM offline | ID reveal attack
Caching | dictionary attack | during first auth
------------------+---------------------+---------------------
CA-Signed | secure mutual | secure mutual
Certificate | authentication | authentication
+--------+ +--------+
| | PAX_STD-1 | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | PAX_STD-2(ADE[1]) | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | PAX_STD-3(ADE[2]) | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | PAX_ACK(ADE[3]) | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | PAX_ACK(ADE[4]) | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | ... | |
| | | |
| | PAX_ACK(ADE[i]) | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | PAX_ACK(ADE[i+1]) | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | ... | |
| | | |
| | EAP-Success or EAP-Failure | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
+--------+ +--------+
--- octet offset --->
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---------------------
|len| value ....
+---+--------
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| | | |
| PRECEDENCE | TYPE OF SERVICE | 0 |
| | | |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+--------+------+
|00000001|<-------------------IETF use------------------------------>|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------+--------+--------+------+
+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------+-------+--------+-------+
|00000001| Type | Reserved | QPN |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+-------+-------+--------+-------+
+----------+-------------+
| Type | Protocol |
|------------------------|
| 0x800 | IPv4 |
|------------------------|
| 0x86DD | IPv6 |
+------------------------+
+---------------+ +---------------+
| | | |
| CT-KIP client | | CT-KIP server |
| | | |
+---------------+ +---------------+
| |
| [ <---- CT-KIP trigger ---- ] |
| |
| ------- Client Hello -------> |
| |
| <------ Server Hello -------- |
| |
| ------- Client Nonce -------> |
| |
| <----- Server Finished ------ |
+----------------------+ +-------+ +----------------------+
| +------------+ | | | | |
| | Server key | | | | | |
| +<-| Public |------>------------->-------------+---------+ |
| | | Private | | | | | | | |
| | +------------+ | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| V V | | | | V V |
| | +---------+ | | | | +---------+ | |
| | | Decrypt |<-------<-------------<-----------| Encrypt | | |
| | +---------+ | | | | +---------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | | | ^ | |
| | | | Server | | | | | | | |
| | | | Random |--->------------->------+ +----------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | | | | | Client | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Random | | |
| | | | | | | | | +----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | V V | | | | V V | |
| | +------------+ | | | | +------------+ | |
| +-->| CT-KIP PRF | | | | | | CT-KIP PRF |<----+ |
| +------------+ | | | | +------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| V | | | | V |
| +-------+ | | | | +-------+ |
| | Key | | | | | | Key | |
| +-------+ | | | | +-------+ |
| +-------+ | | | | +-------+ |
| |Key Id |-------->------------->------|Key Id | |
| +-------+ | | | | +-------+ |
+----------------------+ +-------+ +----------------------+
CT-KIP Server CT-KIP Client CT-KIP Client (Token)
(PC Host)
0 7 15 23 31
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| AFI | Res. | SAFI |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+
-----
/ A1 \
---- ____CE1 |
/ \ -------- -------- / | |
| A2 CE2- / \ / PE1 \ /
\ / \ / \___/ | \ -----
---- ---PE2 | \
| | \ -----
| Service Provider Network | \ / \
| | CE5 A5 |
| ___ | / \ /
|----| \ / \ PE4_/ -----
|u-PE|--PE3 / \ /
|----| -------- -------
---- / | ----
/ \/ \ / \ CE = Customer Edge Device
| A3 CE3 --CE4 A4 | PE = Provider Edge Router
\ / \ / u-PE = Layer 2 Aggregation
---- ---- A<n> = Customer site n
__________ ____________ ____________ __________
/ \ / \ / \ / \
\___/ AS 1 \ / AS 2 \___/
\ /
+-----+ +-------+ | +-------+ +-----+
| PE1 | ---...--- | ASBR1 | ======= | ASBR2 | ---...--- | PE2 |
+-----+ +-------+ | +-------+ +-----+
___ / \ ___
/ \ / \ / \
\__________/ \____________/ \____________/ \__________/
-----
/ A1 \
---- ----CE1 |
/ \ -------- ------- / | |
| A2 CE2- / \ / PE1 \ /
\ / \ / \---/ \ -----
---- ---PE2 |
| Service Provider Network |
\ / \ /
----- PE3 / \ /
|Agg|_/ -------- -------
-| |
---- / ----- ----
/ \/ \ / \ CE = Customer Edge Router
| A3 CE3 -CE4 A4 | PE = Provider Edge Router
\ / \ / Agg = Layer 2 Aggregation
---- ----
Peer Server
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_S, AT_SERVERID) |
1 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_P, AT_PEERID, AT_SPI_P, AT_MIC_P) |
2 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Confirm |
| (AT_SPI_S, AT_ENCR_DATA, AT_MIC_S)|
3 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Confirm |
| (AT_MIC_P) |
4 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| EAP-Success |
5 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Peer Server
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_S, AT_SERVERID) |
1 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_P, AT_PEERID, AT_SPI_P, AT_MIC_P) |
2 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| +-------------------------------------------+
| | Server finds MIC_P invalid. |
| +-------------------------------------------+
| |
| EAP-Failure |
3 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
Peer Server
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_S, AT_SERVERID) |
1 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Challenge |
| (AT_RAND_P, AT_PEERID, AT_SPI_P, AT_MIC_P) |
2 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Confirm |
| (AT_SPI_S, AT_ENCR_DATA, AT_MIC_S)|
3 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| Peer finds MIC_S invalid. | |
+-----------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Auth-Reject |
4 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| EAP-Failure |
5 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
Peer Server
| |
| +---------------------------------+
| | Server wishes to initiate |
| | an EAP-SAKE session |
| | |
| +---------------------------------+
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Identity |
| (AT_ANY_ID_REQ, AT_SERVERID) |
1 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Identity |
| (AT_PEERID) |
2 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| If identity found, normal EAP-SAKE authentication follows. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Peer Server
| |
| +---------------------------------+
1 | | Server obtains TempID but |
| | requires PermID |
| +---------------------------------+
| |
| EAP.Request/SAKE/Identity |
| (AT_PERM_ID_REQ, AT_SERVERID) |
2 |<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| EAP.Response/SAKE/Identity |
| (AT_PEERID) |
3 |--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| +---------------------------------+
| | Server finds and uses |
| | Peer PermID to start a |
| | EAP-SAKE authentication phase |
| +---------------------------------+
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Normal EAP-SAKE authentication follows. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Method |
| | |
V V |
************************* V
* AAA Key Derivation * ---+
* Naming & Binding *
*************************
Bob Alice
| RA |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| [B||A||RA||RB] |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| [A||RB] |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
Bob Alice
| A||RA |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| [B||A||RA||RB] |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| [A||RB] |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| RAND_P | | KDK |
| Input Block (16 bytes) | | Key Derivation Key (16 bytes) |
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| |
v v
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Modified Counter Mode |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| | |
v v v
+------------+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+
| TEK | | MSK | | EMSK |
| (16 bytes) | | (64 bytes) | | (64 bytes) |
+------------+ +----------------------+ +----------------------+
+-----------+ +----------------+ +---------------------+ +----------+
| Nonce N | | Header H | | Plain Text Payload | | TEK |
| 4 bytes | | 22 bytes | | Variable length L | | 16 bytes |
+-----------+ +----------------+ +---------------------+ +----------+
| | | |
v v v v
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| EAX |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
v v
+---------------------+ +----------+
| Cipher Text Payload | | Tag |
| Variable length L | | 16 bytes |
+---------------------+ +----------+
peer server
| Flags||RAND_S||ID_S |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||RAND_P||MAC_P||ID_P |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||MAC_S||PCHANNEL_S_0 |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||PCHANNEL_P_1 |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
peer server
| Flags||RAND_S||ID_S |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||RAND_P||MAC_P||ID_P |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||MAC_S||PCHANNEL_S_0(EXT) |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||PCHANNEL_P_1(EXT) |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
. .
. .
. .
| Flags||RAND_S||PCHANNEL_S_2i(EXT) |
|<---------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Flags||RAND_S||PCHANNEL_P_2i+1(EXT) |
|--------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Rank | Keyword | Description |
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 0 | current-user | The current user id being used by the user |
| | | or process. On Unix systems, this would |
| | | be the "real" user id, in general. |
| | | |
| 1 | original-user | The actual identity of the user or process |
| | | being reported on. On those systems that |
| | | (a) do some type of auditing and (b) |
| | | support extracting a user id from the |
| | | "audit id" token, that value should be |
| | | used. On those systems that do not |
| | | support this, and where the user has |
| | | logged into the system, the "login id" |
| | | should be used. |
| | | |
| 2 | target-user | The user id the user or process is |
| | | attempting to become. This would apply, |
| | | on Unix systems for example, when the user |
| | | attempts to use "su", "rlogin", "telnet", |
| | | etc. |
| | | |
| 3 | user-privs | Another user id the user or process has |
| | | the ability to use, or a user id |
| | | associated with a file permission. On |
| | | Unix systems, this would be the |
| | | "effective" user id in a user or process |
| | | context, and the owner permissions in a |
| | | file context. Multiple UserId elements of |
| | | this type may be used to specify a list of |
| | | privileges. |
| | | |
| 4 | current-group | The current group id (if applicable) being |
| | | used by the user or process. On Unix |
| | | systems, this would be the "real" group |
| | | id, in general. |
| | | |
| 5 | group-privs | Another group id the group or process has |
| | | the ability to use, or a group id |
| | | associated with a file permission. On |
| | | Unix systems, this would be the |
| | | "effective" group id in a group or process |
| | | context, and the group permissions in a |
| | | file context. On BSD-derived Unix |
| | | systems, multiple UserId elements of this |
| | | type would be used to include all the |
| | | group ids on the "group list". |
| 6 | other-privs | Not used in a user, group, or process |
| | | context, only used in the file context. |
| | | The file permissions assigned to users who |
| | | do not match either the user or group |
| | | permissions on the file. On Unix systems, |
| | | this would be the "world" permissions. |
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| Rank | Keyword | Description |
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
| 0 | current-user | The current user id being used by the user |
| | | or process. On Unix systems, this would |
| | | be the "real" user id, in general. |
| 1 | original-user | The actual identity of the user or process |
| | | being reported on. On those systems that |
| | | (a) do some type of auditing and (b) |
| | | support extracting a user id from the |
| | | "audit id" token, that value should be |
| | | used. On those systems that do not |
| | | support this, and where the user has |
| | | logged into the system, the "login id" |
| | | should be used. |
| 2 | target-user | The user id the user or process is |
| | | attempting to become. This would apply, |
| | | on Unix systems for example, when the user |
| | | attempts to use "su", "rlogin", "telnet", |
| | | etc. |
| 3 | user-privs | Another user id the user or process has |
| | | the ability to use, or a user id |
| | | associated with a file permission. On |
| | | Unix systems, this would be the |
| | | "effective" user id in a user or process |
| | | context, and the owner permissions in a |
| | | file context. Multiple UserId elements of |
| | | this type may be used to specify a list of |
| | | privileges. |
| 4 | current-group | The current group id (if applicable) being |
| | | used by the user or process. On Unix |
| | | systems, this would be the "real" group |
| | | id, in general. |
| 5 | group-privs | Another group id the group or process has |
| | | the ability to use, or a group id |
| | | associated with a file permission. On |
| | | Unix systems, this would be the |
| | | "effective" group id in a group or process |
| | | context, and the group permissions in a |
| | | file context. On BSD-derived Unix |
| | | systems, multiple UserId elements of this |
| | | type would be used to include all the |
| | | group ids on the "group list". |
| 6 | other-privs | Not used in a user, group, or process |
| | | context, only used in the file context. |
| | | The file permissions assigned to users who |
| | | do not match either the user or group |
| | | permissions on the file. On Unix systems, |
| | | this would be the "world" permissions. |
+------+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
________
| | --------
| Data |_________ ________| | __________
| Source | Activity |Sensor | | |
|________| | |________| | Operator |_______
| | |__________| |
\|/ Event A |
_____V___ | /|\ |
| | | \ |
| Sensor |__ | Notification |
|_________| Event | \ \|/
A | V_________ \ V
/|\ | | | \ Response
| --->| Analyzer|__ | A
| | | Alert | /|\
| |_________| | | |
| A | | |
| /|\ \|/ | |
|________________| ____V___ | |
| | |_| |
| | Manager|_________|
| |________|
| A
Security /|\
_______________ | Policy__________|
| | |
| Administrator |__|
|_______________|
Alice Bob
---------------- xport connect(1) ------------------>
<-------------------- greeting ---------------------->
<-------------start security profile(2) ------------->
<-------------------- greeting ---------------------->
<------------------ start IDXP(3) ------------------->
Alice proxy1 proxy2 Bob
-- xport connect -->
<---- greeting ----->
-- start TUNNEL --->
- xport connect(1) ->
<----- greeting ----->
--- start TUNNEL --->
--- xport connect -->
<----- greeting ----->
--- start TUNNEL --->
<----- <ok>(2) ------
<------- <ok> -------
<------ <ok> -------
<------------------------- greeting -------------------------->
<------------------ start security profile ------------------->
<------------------------- greeting -------------------------->
<------------------------ start IDXP ------------------------->
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
| |****** BEEP session ******| |
| | | |
| Analyzer | ----- IDXP profile ----> | Manager |
| (Client) | | (Server) |
| | | |
| |**************************| |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
+----------+ +----------+
| | | |
| |*************** BEEP session ***************| |
| | | |
| | -- IDXP profile, network-based alerts ---> | |
| Manager | | Manager |
| M1 | ---- IDXP profile, host-based alerts ----> | M2 |
| (Client) | | (Server) |
| | ------ IDXP profile, other alerts -------> | |
| | | |
| |********************************************| |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
analyzer manager
--------------- greeting w/ option ----------------->
<---------------------- <ok> ------------------------
analyzer manager
<---------------- greeting w/ option ----------------
--------------------- <error> ---------------------->
analyzer manager
--------------- greeting w/ option ----------------->
<---------------------- <ok> ------------------------
analyzer manager
<---------------- greeting w/ option ----------------
--------------------- <error> ---------------------->
Type | Meaning | Possible values
-----+-----------------------------+----------------
13 | ROC transmission rate | 16-bit integer
|--------|
Alternate-ECN traffic ----> | | ---> CE-marked packet
| Old |
Non-ECN traffic ----------> | Router | ---> dropped packet
| |
RFC-3168 ECN traffic -----> | | ---> CE-marked packet
|--------|
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A090000560060020C0003D0000C9F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (I902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +----- Pass-Through header |
| | +--- Response data |
| | | +---- Start diagnostic information|
| | | | |
| +----------++----------++--------------------------------------- |
| | || || |
| 004912A09000056006008200003D0000F8F9F0F2E3C1D9C7C5E34040D7C3D7D9 |
| | | T A R G E T P C P R |
| +------+ |
| Response Code (8902) |
| |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| C9D5E3C5D9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 |
| I N T E R |
| |
| +------- End of diagnostic information |
| | |
| -----------------+ |
| | |
| 000000000000000000 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | +-- Diagnostic field - zero pad to|
| | | | | | | | LL specified |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +----------------+ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | | |
| xxxx 12A0 xxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxxxxxxxxx ... print data ... |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ +---------------------------|
| | | | | | | || | | || | | | |
| 0085 12A0 0101 0A 1800 01 000000000000 34C4012BD20345FF2BD2044C0002|
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD2040D00002BD20A8501010201030204022BD20309022BD2061100014A |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 402BD20601010000012BD306F60000FFFF2BD20A48000001000000010100 |
| |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| |
| 2BD10705000B0090012BD2044900F02BD206404A403DE02BD2041500F034 |
| |
| end of printer data |
| -------------------------+ |
| | |
| C4012BD10381FF002BC8034001 |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || |
| 000A 12A0 0102 04 0000 01 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +-- Length of structure (LLLL) |
| | +-- GDS identifier |
| | | +-- Data flow record |
| | | | +-- Length of pass-through specific header (LL) |
| | | | | +-- Flags |
| | | | | | +-- Printer operation code |
| | | | | | | +-- Zero pad to LL specified (0A) |
| | | | | | | | +-- Printer data |
| | | | | | | | | |
| +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ ++ +----------+ ++ |
| | | | | | | || | | || | | || |
| 0011 12A0 0101 0A 0800 01 000000000000 00 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+ +------+ +--------+
+-----+ +-------+ | Cable | | | | Edge |
|Host |--| CM |----| (HFC) |---| CMTS |---| |=>ISP
+-----+ +-------+ | Network | | | | Router |Network
+-----------+ +------+ +--------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
()_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _()
IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel
|---------||---------------------------------------||------------|
IPv4/v6 IPv4 only IPv4/v6
+-----+
|Host |
+--+--+
| +-----------+ +------+ +--------+
+---+---+ +-------+ | Cable | | | | Edge |
| GWR |--| CM |----| (HFC) |---| CMTS |---| |=>ISP
+-------+ +-------+ | Network | | | | Router |Network
+-----------+ +------+ +--------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
()_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _()
IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel
|---------||--------------------------------------||-------------|
IPv4/v6 IPv4 only IPv4/v6
+-----------+ +-------------+
+-----+ +-------+ | Cable | | CMTS / Edge |
|Host |--| CM |----| (HFC) |---| |=>ISP
+-----+ +-------+ | Network | | Router | Network
+-----------+ +-------------+
|-------||---------------------------||---------------|
IPv4/v6 IPv4/v6 IPv4/v6
+-----------+ +-----------+
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ | Cable | |CMTS / Edge|
| Host |--| GWR |--| CM |---| (HFC) |---| |=>ISP
+------+ +-------+ +-------+ | Network | | Router |Network
+-----------+ +-----------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
()_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _()
IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel
|-----------------||-----------------------------||--------------|
IPv4/v6 IPv4 IPv4/v6
+-----------+ +-------------+
+-----+ +-----------+ | Cable | | CMTS / Edge |
|Host |---| CM / GWR |---| (HFC) |---| |=>ISP
+-----+ +-----------+ | Network | | Router |Network
+-----------+ +-------------+
|---------------------------------------------------------|
IPv4/v6
Customer Premise NAP NSP
|--------------------| |----------------------| |----------------|
+-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----------+
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----------+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
|--------------------------| +-----------+
PPP
Customer Premise NAP NSP
|--------------------------| |-------------------| |---------------|
+-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----------+
|
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +-----+----+ +-----------+
|Hosts|--+Router +-----------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge | C
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>O
| | R
|--------------------------------| +-----------+ E
PPP
Customer Premise NAP NSP
|--------------------| |----------------------| |----------------|
+-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----+-----+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
+-----------+
|----------------------------------------|
PPP
|------------|
L2TPv2
Customer Premise NAP NSP
|--------------------------| |--------------------| |---------------|
+-----------+
| AAA |
+------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +----+------+
|Hosts|--+Router +-----------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge | C
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>O
| | R
+-----------+ E
|-----------------------------------------------|
PPP
|--------------|
L2TPv2
IPv6 |--------------------------|
PPP +-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----+-----+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
+-----------+
IPv4 |----------------------------------------|
PPP
|------------|
L2TPv2
IPv6 |----------------|
ATM +-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----+-----+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ DSLAM +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
+-----------+
IPv4 |----------------------------------------|
PPP
|------------|
L2TPv2
+-----+ +------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
|Hosts|--+Router+--+Access+--+ Switch +--------+ Edge | ISP
+-----+ +------+ |Switch| +--------+ 802.1Q | Router +=>Network
+------+ +----------+
+-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----------+
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----------+
|Hosts|-+Router +-+A Switch+-+ Switch +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge | C
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>O
|---------------- PPP ----------------| | | R
+-----------+ E
+-----------+
| AAA |
+------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----------+
|Hosts|-+Router +-+A Switch+-+ Switch +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge | C
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>O
| | R
+-----------+ E
|-----------------------------------------------|
PPP
|--------------|
L2TPv2
Figure 7.2.3.1
IPv6 |--------------------------|
PPP +-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----+-----+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ Switch +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
+-----------+
IPv4 |----------------------------------------|
PPP
|------------|
L2TPv2
IPv6 |----------------|
Ethernet
+-----------+
| AAA |
+-------+ Radius |
| | TACACS |
| +-----+-----+
| |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----+-----+ +-----+-----+
|Hosts|--+Router +------+ Switch +-+ BRAS +-+ Edge |
+-----+ +-------+ +--------+ +----------+ | Router +=>Core
+-----------+
IPv4 |----------------------------------------|
PPP
|------------|
L2TPv2
Sender Router 1 Router 2 Receiver
------ -------- -------- --------
| <IP TTL: 63>
| <QS TTL: 91>
| <TTL Diff: 28>
| Quick-Start Request
| in SYN or SYN/ACK.
| IP: Decrement QS TTL
| to approve request -->
|
| Decrement
| QS TTL
| to approve
| request -->
|
| Decrement
| QS TTL
| to approve
| request -->
|
| <IP TTL: 60>
| <QS TTL: 88>
| <TTL Diff: 28>
| Return Quick-Start
| info to sender in
| Quick-Start Response
| <-- in TCP ACK packet.
|
| <TTL Diff: 28>
| Quick-Start approved,
| translate to cwnd.
| Report Approved Rate.
V Send cwnd paced over one RTT. -->
Sender Router 1 Router 2 Receiver
------ -------- -------- --------
| <IP TTL: 63>
| <QS TTL: 91>
| <TTL Diff: 28>
| Quick-Start Request
| in SYN or SYN/ACK.
| IP: Decrement QS TTL
| to approve request -->
|
| Decrement
| QS TTL
| to approve
| request -->
|
| Forward packet
| without modifying
| Quick-Start Option. -->
|
| <IP TTL: 60>
| <QS TTL: 89>
| <TTL Diff: 29>
| Return Quick-Start
| info to sender in
| Quick-Start Response
| <-- in TCP ACK packet.
|
| <TTL Diff: 29>
| Quick-Start not approved.
| Report approved rate.
V Use default initial cwnd. -->
__ Tunnels Supporting Quick-Start
/
/
Non-Simple Tunnels __/_____ Tunnels Compatible with Quick-Start,
\ but Not Supporting Quick-Start
\
\__ Tunnels Not Compatible with Quick-Start?
MN BS/PDSN/FA AAA
-- ---------- ---
| | |
------------------ | -------------------
| RSA Public Key | | | RSA Private Key |
| Pre-loaded by | | | Pre-loaded by |
| Manufacturer | | | Service Provider |
------------------ | -------------------
| Registration Request, |
| (MIP keys), RSA | |
| Public Key | |
|-------------------->| |
| | Access Request, (MIP keys),
| | RSA Public Key |
| |---------------------->|
| | -------------------
| | | Decrypt MIP |
| | | Keys using RSA |
| | | Private Key |
| | -------------------
MN BS/PDSN/FA HLR/AC AAA
-- ---------- ------ ---
------------------ | | -------------------
| RSA Public Key | | | | RSA Private Key |
| Pre-loaded by | | | | Pre-loaded by |
| Manufacturer | | | | Service Provider |
------------------ | | -------------------
| Global Challenge | |
|<-------------| | |
| | | |
| Auth_Response | |
|------------->| | |
| | Auth_Response | |
| |---------------->| |
| | ------------------ |
| | | IS-2000 | |
| | | Authentication | |
| | ------------------ |
| | Auth_Success | |
| |<----------------| |
| ------------------ | |
| | BS forwards | | |
| | Authenticated | | |
| | MSID to PDSN | | |
| ------------------ | |
| | | |
| Registration Request | |
| (MIP keys, AAA_Authenticator), |
| RSA Public Key | |
|------------->| | |
| | Access Request, MSID, |
| | (MIP keys, AAA_Authenticator),
| | RSA Public Key |
| |------------------------------->|
| | | -------------------
| | | | Check MSID, |
| | | | Decrypt AAA_- |
| | | | Authenticator |
| | | -------------------
| Access Reject, AAA_Authenticator |
| |<-------------------------------|
Registration Reply, AAA_Authenticator |
|<-------------| | |
------------------ | | |
| Check AAA_- | | | |
| Authenticator | | | |
------------------ | | |
Figure 2. Mutual Authentication
-------------------------
| User-initiated |
| MN_Authenticator[x] |
| Generation |
-------------------------
|
v
----------------------------- ------------------------------
| Manufacturer | | Delete MN_Authenticator[y], |
| MN_Authenticator[y] |----->| Store MN_Authenticator[x] |
| Generation** | | in MN |
----------------------------- ------------------------------
|
v
-------------------------
| Delete MIP_Key_Data |
| Payloads based on |
| MN_Authenticator[y] |
-------------------------
|
v
----------------------------- -------------------------
| KEYS_VALID state and | | Generate MIP_Key_Data |
| committed, delete |----->| Payloads based on |
| MIP_Key_Data Payload | | MN_Authenticator[x] |
----------------------------- -------------------------
^ |
| v
----------------------------- -------------------------
| DMU MIP_Key_Data | | Store MIP_Key_Data |
| Delivery |<-----| Payload |
----------------------------- -------------------------
MN PDSN/FA AAAH
-- ------- ----
--------------------- | -------------------
| 1: RSA Public Key | | | RSA Private Key |
| Pre-loaded by | | | Pre-loaded by |
| Manufacturer | | | Service Provider |
--------------------- | -------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
| 2: MS/BS: IS-2000 Call Origination and Authentication |
| 3: MN/PDSN/FA: PPP Session Establishment |
---------------------------------------------------------
| 4: Registration Request (RRQ) | |
|--------------------------------->| 5: Access Request w/MSID
| |------------>|
| | --------------------
| | | 6: MIP Update State|
| | | is UPDATE KEYS |
| | --------------------
| 7: Access Reject with |
| MIP_Key_Update_Request |
| RADIUS Attribute |
| |<------------|
| 8: Registration Reply (RRP) | |
| with MIP_Key_Request MIP | |
| Vendor/organization-specific | |
| extension | |
|<---------------------------------| |
------------------- | |
| 9: MN generates | | |
| MIP_Key_Data | | |
| using temporary | | |
| MIP keys | | |
------------------- | |
| 10: RRQ with MIP_Key_Data | |
| Vendor/organization-specific extension |
|--------------------------------->| 11: Access Request
| | w/MSID
| | and MIP_Key_Data
| | RADIUS attribute
| |------------>|
MN PDSN/FA AAAH
-- ------- ----
| | |
| | -------------------
| | | 12: decrypt |
| | | MIP_Key_Data, |
| | | verify MN-AAA |
| | | authentication |
| | | extension, set |
| | | MIP Update State |
| | | = KEYS UPDATED |
| | -------------------
| 13: Access Reject with |
| AAA_Authenticator |
| RADIUS Attribute |
| |<------------|
| 14: Registration Reply (RRP) | |
| with AAA_Authenticator MIP | |
| Vendor/organization-specific | |
| extension | |
|<---------------------------------| |
---------------------- | |
| 15: verify | | |
| AAA_Authenticator, | | |
| store temporary | | |
| MIP keys as | | |
| permanent keys | | |
---------------------- | |
| 16: RRQ | |
|--------------------------------->| Access Request
| | w/MSID
| |------------>|
| | --------------------
| | | 17: verify MN-AAA |
| | | authentication |
| | | extension, set |
| | | MIP Update State |
| | | = KEYS VALID |
| | --------------------
| Access Accept |
| |<------------|
MN PDSN/FA AAAH HA
-- ------- ---- --
| | | |
| | 18. Registration Request (RRQ) |
| |-------------------------------->|
| | 19: Access Request |
| | |<-----------------|
| | | Access Accept |
| | | with MN-HA key |
| | |----------------->|
| | | -------------------
| | | | verify |
| | | | mobile-home |
| | | | authentication |
| | | | extension |
| | | -------------------
| | 20. Registration Reply (RRP) |
| |<--------------------------------|
| RRP | | |
|<--------------| | |
MN PDSN/FA AAAH HA
-- ------- ---- --
---------------- | ---------------- |
| MN state = | | | AAAH state = | |
| KEYS VALID | | | UPDATE KEYS | |
---------------- | ---------------- |
| (A) RRQ | | |
|-------------->| ARQ | |
| |------------->| |
| AR(Key_Update) | |
(B) RRP (Key_Update) |<-------------| |
|<--------------| | |
---------------- | | |
| MN state = | | | |
| UPDATE KEYS | | | |
---------------- | | |
| (C) RRQ (MIP_Key_Data) | |
|-------------->| ARQ (MIP_Key_Data) |
| |------------->| |
| | ---------------- |
| | | AAAH state = | |
| | | KEYS UPDATED | |
| | ---------------- |
| AR (AAA_Auth) | |
(D) RRP (AAA_Auth) |<-------------| |
|<--------------| | |
---------------- | | |
| MN state = | | | |
| KEYS VALID | | | |
---------------- | | |
| RRQ | | |
|-------------->| ARQ | |
| |------------->| |
| | ---------------- |
| | | AAAH state = | |
| | | KEYS VALID | |
| | ---------------- |
| | AA | |
| |<-------------| RRQ |
| |------------------------------->|
| | | ARQ |
| | |<----------------|
| | | AA |
| | |---------------->|
| | | RRP |
| | RRP |<----------------|
|<-----------------------------| |
Figure 5. DMU Failure Call Flow with MN and AAA States
--------------
--------------------->| KEYS VALID |---------------
| Auth success using -------------- Need Key |
| MIP_Key_Data Update |
| |
| Auth failed (invalid keys) |
| or RRQ with different MIP_Key_Data |
| --------------------------------- |
| | | |
| | v v
---------------- ---------------
| KEYS UPDATED | | UPDATE KEYS |
---------------- ---------------
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
------- ---------------------------------
RRQ with same Got MIP_Key_Data
MIP_Key_Data
E
+------+ +------+ x
| Y1 | | Y2 | t
+--+---+ +---+--+ e
| Y1:y1 Y2:y2 | r
+----------+ +----------+ n
| | a
X1':x1' | | X2':x2' l
+--+---+-+
...........| NAT |...............
+--+---+-+ I
| | n
X:x | | X:x t
++---++ e
| X | r
+-----+ n
a
l
E
+-------+ +-------+ x
| Y1 | | Y2 | t
+---+---+ +---+---+ e
| Y1:y1 Y2:y2 | r
+---------+ +---------+ n
| | a
X1':x1' | | X2':x2' l
+--+---+--+
...........| NAT |...............
+--+---+--+ I
| | n
+---------+ +---------+ t
| X1:x1 X2:x2 | e
+---+---+ +---+---+ r
| X1 | | X2 | n
+-------+ +-------+ a
l
+--------------------------------------+
|+------------++----------------------+|
|| || ||
|| speaker's || ||
|| image || ||
|| || ||
|+------------+| presentation ||
|+------------+| slides ||
|| || ||
|| sign || ||
|| language || ||
|| || ||
|+------------++----------------------+|
+--------------------------------------+
IPv6 islands IPv4 cloud IPv6 island
<-------------><---------------------><-------------->
|----| |----|
H--| R |\ |-----| |------| /| R |--H
H--| |\\| | |---| | |//| |--H
|----| \| He/ | | T | | Te/ |/ |----|
| Agg |=======================| Deag |
/| | | | | |\
H--------//| | |---| | |\\--------H
H--------/ |-----| |------| \--------H
E2E Path
-------------->
(1)
E2E Path
------------------------------->
(2)
E2E Path
----------->
E2E Resv
<-----------
(3)
E2E Resv
<-----------------------------
(4)
E2E Resv
<-------------
------ ------
| H |# ------- -------- #| H |
| |\#| | ----- | |#/| |
-----| \| Agg | | T | | Deag |/ ------
| |==========================| |
------ /| |::::::::::::::::::::::::::| |\ ------
| H |/#| | ----- | |#\| H |
| |# ------- -------- #| |
------ ------
------ ------
| GW |\ ------- -------- /| GW |
| |\\| | ----- | |//| |
-----| \| Agg | | T | | Deag |/ ------
| |==========================| |
------ /| | | | | |\ ------
| GW |//| | ----- | |\\| GW |
| |/ ------- -------- \| |
------ ------
|----| |--------------| |------| |--------------| |----|
| | | Aggregator/ | | MPLS | | Aggregator/ | | |
|Host| | Deaggregator/| | cloud| | Deaggregator/| |Host|
| | | RSVP Proxy | | | | RSVP Proxy | | |
|----| |--------------| |------| |--------------| |----|
Path Path
------------> (1)-\ /-(i) <----------
Resv | | Resv
<------------ (2)-/ \-(ii) ------------>
Path Path
<------------ (3) (iii) ------------>
Resv Resv
------------> <------------
,-. ,-.
_.---' `---' `-+
,-'' +------------+ :
( | | `.
\ ,' CCA `. :
\ ,' | | `. ;
;' +------------+ `._
,'+ ; `.
,' -+ Application Layer' `.
SIP,' `---+ | ; `.SIP
,' `------+---' `.
,' `.
,' `.
,' ,-. ,-. `.
,' ,--+ `--+--'- --'\ `._
+-`--+_____+------+ { +----+ +----+ `. +------+_____+----+
|GW1 | RSVP| |______| P |___| P |______| | RSVP|GW2 |
| |-----| PE1 | { +----+ +----+ /+| PE2 |-----| |
| | | |==========================>| | | |
+-:--+ RTP | |<==========================| | RTP +-:--+
_|..__ +------+ { DSTE Tunnels ; +------+ __----|--.
_,' \-| ./ -'._ / |
| Access \ / +----+ \, |_ Access |
| Network | \_ | P | | / Network |
| / `| +----+ / | '
`--. ,.__,| | IP/MPLS Network / '---'- ----'
'`' '' ' .._,,'`.__ _/ '---' |
| '`''' |
C1 C2
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+-----+
| | |
| | | +---------------------+
|E | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#A | DS1 Link
|t | R |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - +------>
|h | | | |
|e | O | 1.544 MBPS | Line#B | DS1 Link
|r | |---------------+ - - - - - - - - - - +------>
|n | U | | CSU Shelf |
|e | | 1.544 MBPS | Line#C | DS1 Link
|t | T |---------------+ - - - -- -- - - - - +------>
| | | | |
|-----| E | 1.544 MBPS | Line#D | DS1 Link
| | |---------------+ - - - - -- - - - - +------>
| | R | |_____________________|
| | |
| +-----+
+---------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +----------+ |
| | VPN | |
| +---------->| Admin |<-------+ |
| | | Function | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| v v |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | IPsec | | IPsec | |
| | Peer 1 |<=======================>| Peer 2 | |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
| VPN System |
+---------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------+
| +-------------------------+ |
| v | |
| +--------------+ v |
| | Repository | +----+ +----+ |
| | Certs & CRLs |<-> | CA |<->| RA | |
| +--------------+ +----+ +----+ |
| |
+---------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------+
| PKI System |
| |
| +--------------+ |
| | Repository | +----+ +----+ |
| | Certs & CRLs | | CA | | RA | |
| +--------------+ +----+ +----+ |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
|[G] |[A] |[G]
|[E] |[G] |[E]
|[L] |[E] |[L]
|[R] |[R] |[R]
| |[L] |
+-----+------------------+-------------------+-------+
| | v | |
| | +----------+ | |
| | [G][E][L][R]| VPN |[G][E][L][R] | |
| | +---------->| Admin |<----------+ | |
| | | | Function | | | |
| | | +----------+ | | |
| v v v v |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | IPsec | [I] | IPsec | |
| | Peer 1 |<========================>| Peer 2 | |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
| VPN System |
+----------------------------------------------------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^
| 1
2 |
v
+-------+
| Admin |
+-------+
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
+-------+
+------>| Admin |
| +-------+
|
| 1
V
+--------------------+ +--------+
2 | IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
3 +-------+
+------>| Admin | 4
| +-------+
|
| 1
V
+--------------------+ +--------+
2 | IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA | 1
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^
1,3 |
|
|
| +-------+
| | Admin |
| +-------+
|
2,4 |
v
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^ 2,6
|
|
v 3,7
1,5 +-------+
+> | Admin |
| +-------+
|
|
4,8 v
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^ 1,5
|
|
v 2,6
4 +-------+
+->| Admin |
| +-------+
|
|
3,7 v
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^ 1,5
|
|
v 2,6
4 +-------+
+->| Admin |
| +-------+
|
|
3,7 v
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
| Repository | | CA/RA |
+--------------+ +-----------------------+
^ 4
|
|
v 1,5
3 +-------+
+->| Admin |
| +-------+
|
|
2,6 v
+--------------------+ +--------+
| IPsec | | IPsec |
| Peer 1 | | Peer 2 |
+--------------------+ +--------+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| * | * | * | * | * | * | * |...| * | * | * | * | * | * | * | LR|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| * | * | * | * | * | * | * |...| * | * | * | * | * | * | RS| LR|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| * | O | DC| L |N/P| MC| E | * |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-+-+
|--------------------<----------------------|
| |1
_______ __|__ _____ _____ _____ __|__
| | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |
| start |--->| 1 |--->| 2 |--->| 3 |--->| 4 |--->| 5 |
|_______| |_____| |_____| |_____| |_____| |_____|
| | | | | | |
| |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0
|-<-|----<----|----<-----|----<-----|----<-----|----<-----|
\ To |
\ |
\ |
From \ | start 1 2 3 4 5
______\|_________________________________________________
start | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0
3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0
4 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5
5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0
Compressor Decompressor
----------------------------------------------
| |
| ACK(O)/NACK(O) +-<-<-<-| D_TRANS = I
| +-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ |
C_TRANS = P |-<-<-<-+ |
C_MODE = O | |
|->->->-+ IR/IR-DYN/UOR-2(SN,O) |
| +->->->->->->->-+ |
|->-.. +->->->-| D_TRANS = P
|->-.. | D_MODE = O
| ACK(SN,O) +-<-<-<-|
| +-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ |
C_TRANS = D |-<-<-<-+ |
| |
|->->->-+ UO-0, UO-1* |
| +->->->->->->->-+ |
| +->->->-| D_TRANS = D
| |
Compressor Decompressor
----------------------------------------------
| |
| ACK(U)/NACK(U) +-<-<-<-| D_TRANS = I
| +-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ |
C_TRANS = P |-<-<-<-+ |
C_MODE = U | |
|->->->-+ IR/IR-DYN/UOR-2(SN,U) |
| +->->->->->->->-+ |
|->-.. +->->->-| D_TRANS = P
|->-.. |
| ACK(SN,U) +-<-<-<-|
| +-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ |
C_TRANS = D |-<-<-<-+ |
| |
|->->->-+ UO-0, UO-1* |
| +->->->->->->->-+ |
| +->->->-| D_TRANS = D
| | D_MODE= U
Requesting Router Delegating Router RADIUS Server
| | |
|-Solicit------------>| |
| |-Request------------------------>|
| |<--Accept(Delegated-IPv6-Prefix)-|
|<--Advertise(Prefix)-| |
|-Request(Prefix)---->| |
|<--Reply(Prefix)-----| |
| | |
DHCP PD RADIUS
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Request Accept Reject Challenge Accounting # Attribute |
| Request |
| 0+ 0+ 0 0 0+ 123 Delegated-IPv6- |
| Prefix |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag rules |
|----+-----+----+-----|----+
AVP | | |SHLD| MUST| |
Attribute Name Code Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
---------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
Delegated-IPv6- 123 OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
Prefix | | | | | |
---------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
search_low eff_pmtu search_high
| | |
...------------------------->
non-probe size range
<-------------------------------------->
probe size range
AS3-MDN
[S] ----( connect )----> [R] [FTP Server]
[S] ----( send )-------> [R] [AS3-Message]
[S] ----( disconnect )-> [R] [FTP Server]
[S] <---( connect )----- [R] [FTP Server]
[S] <---( send )-------- [R] [AS3-MDN]]
[S] <---( disconnect )-- [R] [FTP Server]
[A Server] <---( connect )----- [B Client]
[A Server] <---( send )-------- [B Client] [AS3-MDN]]
[A Server] <---( disconnect )-- [B Server]
[A Client] <---( GET )--------- [A Server]
[B Server] <---( connect )----- [B Client]
[B Server] <---( send )-------- [B Client] [AS3-MDN]]
[B Server] <---( disconnect )-- [B Client]
[A Client] <---( GET )--------- [B Server]
0 1 2 3
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| FST |Protocol|CksumTyp|Frame No|Frame No|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| |
// DATA Payload //
| |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+
| CRC | CRC | CRC | CRC | FEN |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+
/---\
| |
\---/ Resource
+----| | List
| | |
| \---/
|
|
|
|
V
+-------------+
| | -------->
| SIP |
---------------> | Service | -------->
service | |
URI | | -------->
+-------------+
+---------------+ +------------+
| Event State | | Presence |<-- SIP SUBSCRIBE
| Compositor +---------+ Agent |--> SIP NOTIFY
| | | (PA) |
+-------+-------+ +------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| | | +---------------+
+--------+ | +-------| XCAP server |
| | +-------+-------+
| | ^ ^
| SIP Publish | | XCAP |
| | | |
+--+--+ +--+--+ +-------+ +-------+
| PUA | | PUA | | XCAP | | XCAP |
| | | | | client| | client|
+-----+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+
<---------- TFRC-SP -------->
Packet 14-byte 536-byte 1460-byte
DropRate Segments Segments Segments
-------- -------- -------- --------
0.00001 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.00003 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.00010 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.00030 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.00100 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.00300 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.01000 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.03000 5.40 57.60 83.07
0.10000 5.40 26.58 26.58
0.20000 5.40 8.06 8.06
0.30000 2.93 2.93 2.93
0.40000 1.26 1.26 1.26
0.50000 0.63 0.63 0.63
<---------- TFRC-SP -------->
Byte 14-byte 536-byte 1460-byte
DropRate Segments Segments Segments
-------- -------- -------- --------
0.0000001 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.0000003 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.0000010 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.0000030 5.40 57.60 150.00
0.0000100 5.40 57.60 132.75
0.0000300 5.40 57.60 61.70
0.0001000 5.40 50.00 16.25
0.0003000 5.40 12.89 1.70
0.0010000 5.40 0.95 0.15
0.0030000 5.40 0.12 0.06
0.0100000 1.10 0.06 0.06
0.0300000 0.13 0.06 0.06
LSP Setup Request
(TE-Class i, bw=r)
|
|
v NO
UB[TE-Class i] >= r ? -------> Reject LSP
Setup and flood an updated IGP-TE
| LSA/LSP
|YES
v NO
Preemption Needed ? -------> Setup LSP/Update UB if a threshold is
| crossed
| YES
v
Preemption ----> Setup LSP/Reroute Preempted LSPs
Algorithm Update UB
-------------------------------------------------
| Heuristic | Other algorithms |
-------------------------------------------------
| HPB | HBlock| HNB | P | PN | PB |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Need to be | 532 | 532 | 532 | 532 | 532 | 532 |
Rerouted | | | | | | |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Preempted | 612 | 483 | 619 | 504 | 477 | 598 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Rerouted |467|76%|341|73%|475|77%|347|69%|335|70%|436|73%|
Blocked |145|24%|130|27%|144|23%|157|31%|142|30%|162|27%|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Max Cascading | 4.5 | 2 | 5 | 2.75 | 2 | 2.75 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Wasted Bandwidth| | | | | | |
AVR (Mbps) | 6638 | 532 | 6479 | 8247 | 8955 | 6832 |
Worst Case(Mbps)| 35321 |26010 |36809 | 28501 | 31406 | 23449 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Priority | | | | | | |
Average | 6 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 |
Worst Case | 1.5 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Extra Hops | | | | | | |
Average | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.23 |
Worst Case | 3.25 | 3 | 3.25 | 3 | 3 | 2.75 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2: Simulation results for constant network failure:
1 random failure every hour.
+-------+ +-------+
|ANG GA1| (other ANGs) |ANG GB1| (other ANGs)
+-------+ +-------+
@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @ (other routers)
@ @ @
@ @ @
@ @ @
+------+ +------+ +------+
|AR RA1| |AR RA2|(other ARs) |AR RB1| (other ARs)
+------+ +------+ +------+
* * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * * *
* * * (other APs) * * (other APs)
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\
/AP\ /AP\ /AP\ /AP\ /AP\
/PA1 \ /PA2 \ /PA3 \ /PB1 \ /PB2 \
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
|MN|----->|MN|----->|MN|-------->|MN|
+--+ +--+ +--+ +--+
Intra-link Local Global
(Layer 2) Mobility Mobility
Mobility
PCode Len TZ-POSIX String
+-----+-----+------------------------------+
| 100 | N | IEEE 1003.1 String |
+-----+-----+------------------------------+
TCode Len TZ-Database String
+-----+-----+------------------------------+
| 101 | N | Reference to the TZ Database |
+-----+-----+------------------------------+
Device with
one or more P2MP
interfaces such as OLT
for EPON An EPON IP host
------- OLT ONU "modem" --------
Other IEEE | | interface | interface ------ Other IEEE| |
interface | |-------\----------------| | interface | |
===========| | \ | |===========| |
| | \ ------ --------
| | \ ------ --------
. . \------------| | | |
| |------\ | |===========| |
| | \ ------ --------
------- \ etc
+==========================================+
| Higher layers |
+==========================================+
| 802.1D Bridge |
+==========================================+
| MAC client| ... |MAC client|
+==========================================+
| MAC Control - (MPCP) | *NEW*
+==========================================+
| MAC | ... | MAC |
+==========================================+
| P2P Emulation (P2PE) | *NEW*
+==========================================+
| |
| GMII |
| |
+==========================================+
| PCS |
+==========================================+
| FEC | *NEW*
+==========================================+
| PMA | *Enhanced parameters
+==========================================+ for EPON*
| PMD | *Enhanced parameters
+==========================================+ for EPON*
| |
| MDI |
| |
/===================/
/ Media /
/===================/
Trunk Line
|
|
|
\|/
+===============================================+
| 802.1D Bridge |
+===============================================+
| MAC client1| ... |MAC client3|
+===============================================+
| MP2PE |
+===============================================+
| PHY |
=================================================
| | |
| | |
\|/ \|/ \|/
+============+ +============+ +============+
| PHY | | PHY | | PHY |
+============+ +============+ +============+
| MP2PE | | MP2PE | | MP2PE |
+============+ +============+ +============+
| MAC client | | MAC client | | MAC client |
+============+ +============+ +============+
| PHY | | PHY | | PHY |
+============+ +============+ +============+
/|\ /|\ /|\
| | |
| | |
| | |
Subscriber1 Subscriber2 Subscriber3
OLT ONU
| |
| Discovery Gate message \|
|--------------------------------------------|
| /|
| |
|/ Register Request message |
|--------------------------------------------|
|\ |
| |
| Register message |
| (assigning LLID) \|
|--------------------------------------------|
| /|
| |
| Gate message \|
|--------------------------------------------|
| /|
| |
|/ Register ACK message |
|--------------------------------------------|
|\ |
| |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | | | |
| S_FEC | Preamble/SFD | Frame | FCS | T_FEC | Parity | T_FEC |
| | | | | | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+===========================+
| Higher layers |
+===========================+
| 802.1D Bridge |
+===========================+
|MAC client| ... |MAC client|
+===========================+ \ +=============================+
| MAC Control - (MPCP) |----- |MpcpObjects| ... |MpcpObjects|
+===========================+ / +=============================+
| MAC | ... | MAC |
+===========================+ \ +=============================+
| P2P Emulation (P2PE) |----- |OmpEmulat | |OmpEmulat |
+===========================+ / |ionObjects | ... |ionObjects |
| | +=============================+
| GMII |
| |
+===========================+
| PCS |
+===========================+ \ +=============================+
| FEC |----- |FecObjects | ... |FecObjects |
+===========================+ / +=============================+
| PMA |
+===========================+
| PMD |
+===========================+
| |
| MDI |
| |
/===============/
/ Media /
/===============/
--------
ONU interface | ONU | 10 megabit interface
--------------| modem |--------------------
---------
---------
1st OLT interface | Head | gigE interface
------------------| end |--------------------
| |
------------------| |
2nd OLT interface | |
---------
+----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| Interfac | Value | Value | Value | Value |
| eMIB | | | | |
| object | | | | |
+----------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| ifIndex | 200001 | 200002 | 200003 | 265535 |
| ifDescr | "interface | "interface | "interface | "interface |
| | description | description | description | description" |
| | " | " | " | |
| ifType | ethernetCsm | ethernetCsm | ethernetCsm | ethernetCsma |
| | acd (6) | acd (6) | acd (6) | cd (6) |
| ifMtu | MTUsize(152 | MTUsize(152 | MTUsize(152 | MTUsize(1522 |
| | 2) | 2) | 2) | ) |
| ifSpeed | 1000000000 | 1000000000 | 1000000000 | 1000000000 |
| ifPhysAd | OLT_MAC_Add | OLT_MAC_Add | OLT_MAC_Add | OLT_MAC_Addr |
| dress | ress | ress | ress | ess |
| ifAdminS | up | up | up | up |
| tatus | | | | |
| ifOperSt | Up | Up | Up | Up |
| atus | | | | |
| ifLastCh | ONU1_up_tim | ONU2_up_tim | ONU3_up_tim | up_time |
| ange | e | e | e | |
| ifInOcte | ONU1_octets | ONU2_octets | ONU3_octets | BRCT_octets_ |
| ts | _number | _number | _number | number |
| ifInUcas | ONU1_unic_f | ONU2_unic_f | ONU3_unic_f | BRCT_unic_fr |
| tPkts | rame_num | rame_num | rame_num | ame_num |
| ifInNUca | ONU1_non_un | ONU2_non_un | ONU3_non_un | BRCT_non_uni |
| stPkts | ic_frame_nu | ic_frame_nu | ic_frame_nu | c_frame_num |
| | m | m | m | |
| ifInDisc | ONU1_disc_f | ONU2_disc_f | ONU3_disc_f | BRCT_disc_fr |
| ards | rame_num | rame_num | rame_num | ame_numr |
| ifInErro | ONU1_err_fr | ONU2_err_fr | ONU3_err_fr | BRCT_err_fra |
| rs | ame_num | ame_num | ame_num | me_num |
| ifInUnkn | ONU1_unknw_ | ONU2_unknw_ | ONU3_unknw_ | BRCT_unknw_f |
| ownProto | frame_num | frame_num | frame_num | rame_num |
| s | | | | |
| ifOutOct | ONU1_octets | ONU2_octets | ONU3_octets | BRCT_octets_ |
| ets | _number | _number | _number | number |
| ifOutUca | ONU1_unic_f | ONU2_unic_f | ONU3_unic_f | BRCT_unic_fr |
| stPkts | rame_num | rame_num | rame_num | ame_num |
| ifOutNUc | ONU1_non_un | ONU2_non_un | ONU3_non_un | BRCT_non_uni |
| astPkts | ic_frame_nu | ic_frame_nu | ic_frame_nu | c_frame_num |
| | m | m | m | |
+----------------------------+-------------------------+------------+
| dot3EPON MIB module object | IEEE802.3ah attribute | Reference |
+----------------------------+-------------------------+------------+
| ifIndex | aMPCPID | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| dot3MpcpOperStatus | aMPCPAdminState | 30.3.5.1.2 |
| dot3MpcpMode | aMPCPMode | 30.3.5.1.3 |
| dot3MpcpLinkID | aMPCPLinkID | 30.3.5.1.4 |
| dot3MpcpRemoteMACAddress | aMPCPRemoteMACAddress | 30.3.5.1.5 |
| dot3MpcpRegistrationState | aMPCPRegistrationState | 30.3.5.1.6 |
| dot3MpcpMACCtrlFramesTrans | aMPCPMACCtrlFramesTrans | 30.3.5.1.7 |
| mitted | mitted | |
| dot3MpcpMACCtrlFramesRecei | aMPCPMACCtrlFramesRecei | 30.3.5.1.8 |
| ved | ved | |
| dot3MpcpTxGate | aMPCPTxGate | 30.3.5.1.9 |
| dot3MpcpTxRegAck | aMPCPTxRegAck | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 0 |
| dot3MpcpTxRegister | aMPCPTxRegister | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 1 |
| dot3MpcpTxRegRequest | aMPCPTxRegRequest | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 2 |
| dot3MpcpTxReport | aMPCPTxReport | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 3 |
| dot3MpcpRxGate | aMPCPRxGate | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 4 |
| dot3MpcpRxRegAck | aMPCPRxRegAck | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 5 |
| dot3MpcpRxRegister | aMPCPRxRegister | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 6 |
| dot3MpcpRxRegRequest | aMPCPRxRegRequest | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 7 |
| dot3MpcpRxReport | aMPCPRxReport | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 8 |
| dot3MpcpTransmitElapsed | aMPCPTransmitElapsed | 30.3.5.1.1 |
| | | 9 |
| dot3MpcpReceiveElapsed | aMPCPReceiveElapsed | 30.3.5.1.2 |
| | | 0 |
| dot3MpcpRoundTripTime | aMPCPRoundTripTime | 30.3.5.1.2 |
| | | 1 |
| dot3MpcpDiscoveryWindowsSe | aMPCPDiscoveryWindowsSe | 30.3.5.1.2 |
| nt | nt | 2 |
Header
...--------+--------+--------+
MAC Header| Length | 802.{3/4/5} MAC
...--------+--------+--------+
+--------+--------+--------+
| Dsap=K1| Ssap=K1| control| 802.2 SAP
+--------+--------+--------+
+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+
|protocol id or org code =K2| Ether Type | 802.2 SNAP
+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+
+------------+ +---------------+
| | | |
SONET --> | CEP | --> PSN --> | CEP | --> SONET
SDH | Packetizer | | De-Packetizer | SDH
| | | |
+------------+ +---------------+
(sender) (receiver)
VC-4 <--x3-- TUG-3 <--------x1-------- TU-3 <-- VC-3 <---- E3/T3
|
+--x7-- TUG-2 <--x1-- TU-2 <-- VC-2 <---- DS2
|
+----x3---- TU-12 <-- VC-12<---- E1
|
+----x4---- TU-11 <-- VC-11<---- T1
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|AIS|UNE|RTP|EBM| Reserved [0:6] | CEP Type | Async |
| | | | | | [0:2] |T3 |E3 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+--------------------+
: | |
+----------+ : | +----------+ |
| Customer | : | | Provider | |
|Management| : | |Management| |
| system(s)|-:-----+----| system(s)| |
+----------+ : | +----------+ |
: | | :
: | | :
+----+ : +----+ +----+ +----+ : +----+
| CE |----:---| PE |----| P |----| PE |---:---| CE |
+----+ : +----+ +----+ +----+ : +----+
: | | :
: | | :
: +--------------------+ :
: | | :
: |<-Provider network->| :
Customer Customer
interface interface
+--------------------+
: | | :
: | | :
+----+ : +----+ +----+ : +----+
| CE |---:---| PE | | PE |---:---| CE |
+----+ : +----+ +----+ : +----+
: | | :
: | | :
: +--------------------+ :
: | | :
: |<-Provider network->| :
Customer Customer
interface interface
+--------------------+
: | | :
+----+ : | | : +----+
| CE |---:---| Virtual Node |---:---| CE |
+----+ : | | : +----+
: | | :
: +--------------------+ :
: | | :
: |<-Provider network->| :
Customer Customer
interface interface
+--------------------+
: | | :
: | Virtual | :
+----+ : +----+ link +----+ : +----+
| CE |---:---| PE |**************| PE |---:---| CE |
+----+ : +----+ +----+ : +----+
: | | :
: +--------------------+ :
: | | :
: |<-Provider network->| :
Customer Customer
interface interface
+--------------------+
: | | :
+----+ : +----+ +----+ +----+ : +----+
| CE |---:---| PE |----| P |----| PE |---:---| CE |
+----+ : +----+ +----+ +----+ : +----+
: | | :
: +--------------------+ :
: | | :
: |<-Provider network->| :
Customer Customer
interface interface
| Data plane | Data plane
| shared | dedicated
---------------------------+------------------+-------------------
Signaling | Overlay | Overlay
---------------------------+------------------+-------------------
Signaling + | Overlay | Overlay
Membership information | Extension | Extension
---------------------------+------------------+-------------------
Signaling + | |
Membership information + | Virtual Node | Virtual Node
Customer network routing | |
information | |
---------------------------+------------------+-------------------
Signaling + | |
Membership information + | | Virtual Link
Customer network routing | Not applicable |
information + | | Per-VPN Peer
Provider network routing | |
information | |
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+
| | | | | | | Inner |
| Peer |<---->| Authen- |<---->| EAP-FAST |<---->| Method |
| | | ticator | | server | | server |
| | | | | | | |
+----------+ +----------+ +----------+ +----------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Inner EAP Method | Other TLV information |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| TLV Encapsulation (TLVs) |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| TLS |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP-FAST |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAP |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
| Carrier Protocol (EAP over LAN, RADIUS, Diameter, etc.) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
======================================================
|Application |Host 1 |Service |Host 2 |Application |
|----------- |Network|Provider|Network|---------- |
| Host 1 OS | | | | Host 2 OS |
=====================================+================
| IPv6 | |Dual IP | | IPv6 |
A | ---- | IPv4 | or |Dual IP| ---- |
| Dual IP | | IPv4 | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv6 | | | | IPv6 |
B | ---- | IPv6 | IPv4 | IPv4 | ---- |
| Dual IP | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv4 | | | | IPv4 |
C | ---- | IPv4 |Dual IP | IPv6 | ---- |
| Dual IP | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv4 |Dual IP| | | IPv4 |
D | ---- | or | IPv4 | IPv6 | ---- |
| Dual IP | IPv6 | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv6 |Dual IP| |Dual IP| IPv4 |
E | ---- | or |Dual IP | or | ---- |
| Dual IP | IPv6 | | IPv6 | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv6 | | | | IPv4 |
F | ---- | IPv6 | IPv4 | IPv4 | ---- |
| Dual IP | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv4 | | | | IPv6 |
G | ---- | IPv6 | Dual IP| IPv6 | ---- |
| Dual IP | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv4 | | | | IPv6 |
H | ---- | IPv6 |Dual IP | IPv4 | ---- |
| IPv4 | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv4 | | | | IPv6 |
I | ---- | IPv6 | IPv4 | IPv6 | ---- |
| IPv4 | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
| IPv6 | | | | IPv4 |
J | ---- | IPv4 | IPv4 | IPv6 | ---- |
| Dual IP | | | | Dual IP |
======================================================
------------ ---------- ---- Wired Connection
| Network and| | | .... Wireless Connection
| Service |--| Backbone |
| Operation | | |
------------ ----------
/ | ---------------------
/ : _|Connection to |
/ : |Commercial Internet |
/ : ---------------------
Network Backbone
-------------- /------|-------------|--------------------
---------- / ---------- ----------
| Home |/ | Wireless | |External |.............
| Base | | Mobile | |Untrusted |+--------- :
| Network | | Network | |Network | | :
---------- ---------- ---------- | :
| : : | :
Local Network
-----:------------:-----------------------------------
Customer Applications
| : : | :
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | :
| | | | | | | :
|Customer| |Customer| |Customer|+----------- :
| | | | | |..............
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+---------------------------+ +----------------+
| Visited Domain | | Home |
| | +---------+ | Network |
| | | | | |
| +------+ +-------+ | | Public | | +------+ |
| | FA |------| GFA |-------------------------| HA | |
| +--+---+ +-------+ | | Network | | +------+ |
| | | | | | |
+-----|---------------------+ +---------+ +----------------+
|
+--+---+
| MN |
+------+
MN FA1 GFA HA
| | | |
| Registration Request | | |
|---------------------->| Reg. Request | |
| |---------------------->| Reg. Request |
| | |--------------->|
| | | Reg. Reply |
| | Reg. Reply |<---------------|
| Registration Reply |<----------------------| |
|<----------------------| | |
| | | |
MN FA2 GFA HA
| | | |
| Regional Reg. Req. | | |
|---------------------->| Regional Registration Req. | |
| |----------------------------->| |
| | Regional Registration Reply | |
| Regional Reg. Reply |<-----------------------------| |
|<----------------------| | |
| | | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| (3.b) | -----------> | (3.c) | ------------> | (3.d) |
+-------+ Comments +-------+ Comments +-------+
collected /|\ | understood
| |
| | Comments not fully understood
| | (Further AD/Document Shepherd
| | discussion required)
+---+
+-------+ +-------+
| (3.c) | ---------------> | (3.d) |
+-------+ Consistent +-------+
/|\ interpretation |
| | Further AD/Document Shepherd
| | discussion required
+--------------------------+
--------------------------
/ Aggregation \
|----| | Region | |----|
H--| R |\ |-----| |------| /| R |-->H
H--| |\\| | |---| |---| | |//| |-->H
|----| \| | | I | | I | | |/ |----|
| Agg |======================>| Deag |
/| | | | | | | |\
H--------//| | |---| |---| | |\\-------->H
H--------/ |-----| |------| \-------->H
| |
\ /
--------------------------
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| IPv4 Aggregator Address (4 bytes) |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
I----------I I----------I
I Cloud-1 I I Cloud-2 I
I----------I I----------I
| |
Agg-Deag-1------------ Agg-Deag-2
/ \
/ Aggregation |
| Region |
| |
| ---/
\ /
\Agg-Deag-3---------/
|
I----------I
I Cloud-3 I
I----------I
E2E Path
----------->
(1)
E2E Path
------------------------------->
(2)
E2E PathErr(New-agg-needed,SOI=GAx)
<----------------------------------
E2E PathErr(New-agg-needed,SOI=GAy)
<----------------------------------
(3)
AggPath(Session=GAx)
------------------------------->
AggPath(Session=GAy)
------------------------------->
(4)
E2E Path
----------->
(5)
AggResv (Session=GAx)
<-------------------------------
AggResv (Session=GAy)
<-------------------------------
(6)
AggResvConfirm (Session=GAx)
------------------------------>
AggResvConfirm (Session=GAy)
------------------------------>
(7)
E2E Resv
<---------
(8)
E2E Resv (SOI=GAx)
<-----------------------------
(9)
E2E Resv
<-----------
| 128 - N bits | N bits |
+---------------------------------------+------------------------+
| link prefix | interface identifier |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
Mobile node Home agent Correspondent node
| | |
| | |
~ Handoff | |
| | |
|-Binding Update--------->| |
|-early Binding Update + Care-of Test Init option-->|
| | |
| | |
|<------------Binding Ack-| |
|<----------early Binding Ack + Care-of Test option-|
| | |
| | |
|-Binding Update----------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<--------------------------------------Binding Ack-|
| | |
Mobile node Home agent Correspondent node
| | |
| | |
|-Home Test Init--------->|------------------------>|
| | |
|<------------------------|<--------------Home Test-|
| | |
| | |
~ Handoff | |
| | |
|-Binding Update--------->| |
|-early Binding Update + Care-of Test Init option-->|
| | |
| | |
|<------------Binding Ack-| |
|<----------early Binding Ack + Care-of Test option-|
| | |
| | |
|-Binding Update----------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<--------------------------------------Binding Ack-|
| | |
Mobile node Home agent Correspondent node
| | |
| | |
~ Handoff | |
| | |
|-Binding Update--------->| |
|-Care-of Test Init-------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<------------Binding Ack-| |
|<-------------------------------------Care-of Test-|
| | |
| | |
|-Binding Update----------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
|<--------------------------------------Binding Ack-|
| | |
Inbound
payload packet
|
|
V
_________________ _____________________
/ \ | |
/ Care-of address \ Yes | Increase credit |
| in |---------------------> | counter by |
\ VERIFIED state? / | payload packet size |
\_________________/ |_____________________|
| |
| |
| No |
| V
| _____________________
| | |
| | Deliver payload |
+--------------------------------> | packet to upper- |
| layer protocol |
|_____________________|
Outbound
payload packet
|
|
V
_________________ _____________________
/ \ | |
/ Care-of address \ Yes | Send payload |
| in |---------------------> | packet to |
\ VERIFIED state? / | care-of address |
\_________________/ |_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| No | |
| | Discard payload |
| +---------> | packet |
| | | immediately |
V | |_____________________|
_________________ | _____________________
/ \ | | |
/ Credit counter \ Yes / \ | Send payload |
| less than payload |-------> | |-------> | packet to |
\ packet size? / \ / | home address |
\_________________/ | |_____________________|
| | _____________________
| | | |
| No | | Buffer payload |
| +---------> | packet for |
| | later transmission |
| |_____________________|
V
_____________________ _____________________
| | | |
| Reduce credit | | Send payload |
| counter by |---------------------> | packet to |
| payload packet size | | care-of address |
|_____________________| |_____________________|
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
| f(n-2) | f(n-1) | f(n) | f(n+1) | f(n+2) | f(n+3) | f(n+4) |
--+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--
<---- p(n-1) ---->
<----- p(n) ----->
<---- p(n+1) ---->
<---- p(n+2) ---->
<---- p(n+3) ---->
<---- p(n+4) ---->
+----------+ +----------+
| | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR or | |
| TERMINAL |<----------------------->| TERMINAL |
| | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR-WB | |
+----------+ +----------+
AMR or AMR-WB
over
I.366.{2,3} or +------+ +----------+
3G Iu or | | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR or | |
<------------->| GW |<---------------------->| TERMINAL |
GSM Abis | | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR-WB | |
etc. +------+ +----------+
|
GSM/ | IP network
3GPP UMTS network |
AMR or AMR-WB AMR or AMR-WB
over over
I.366.{2,3} or +------+ +------+ I.366.{2,3} or
3G Iu or | | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR or | | 3G Iu or
<------------->| GW |<------------------->| GW |<------------->
GSM Abis | | IP/UDP/RTP/AMR-WB | | GSM Abis
etc. +------+ +------+ etc.
| |
GSM/ | IP network | GSM/
3GPP UMTS network | | 3GPP UMTS network
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
| payload header | table of contents | speech data ...
+----------------+-------------------+----------------
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 1L | 1R | 2L | 2R | 3L | 3R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame- Frame- Frame-
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3
+---------------------+
| list of ToC entries |
+---------------------+
| list of frame CRCs | (optional)
- - - - - - - - - - -
ILL=2, ILP=0:
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 1L | 1R | 4L | 4R | 7L | 7R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame- Frame- Frame-
Block 1 Block 4 Block 7
ILL=2, ILP=1:
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 2L | 2R | 5L | 5R | 8L | 8R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame- Frame- Frame-
Block 2 Block 5 Block 8
ILL=2, ILP=2:
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 3L | 3R | 6L | 6R | 9L | 9R |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|<------->|<------->|<------->|
Frame- Frame- Frame-
Block 3 Block 6 Block 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| c0| c1| c2| c3| c4| c5| c6| c7|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(MSB) (LSB)
area A area B area C
<-------------------> <----------------> <------------------>
Ingress-----A1----A2----AB1----B1----B2----BC1----C1----C2----Egress
^ \ / | \ / | \ /
| \ / | \ / | \ /
| A3----------A4--AB2--B3--------B4--BC2--C3----------C4
| ^ ^
| | |
| | |
| | ERO: (C3-strict, C4-strict,
| | Egress-strict)
| | XRO: Not needed
| |
| ERO: (B3-strict, B4-strict, BC2-strict, Egress-loose)
| XRO: (BC1, C1, C2)
|
ERO: (A3-strict, A4-strict, AB2-strict, Egress-loose)
XRO: (AB1, B1, B2, BC1, C1, C2, Egress)
Type Subobject
-------------+-------------------------------
1 IPv4 prefix
2 IPv6 prefix
4 Unnumbered Interface ID
32 Autonomous system number
34 SRLG
Area 1 Area 0 Area 2
<---------------><--------------><--------------->
+---A1---A2----ABR1-----B1-----ABR3----C1---C2---+
| | | | |
| | | | |
A | | | C
| | | | |
| | | | |
+---A3---A4----ABR2-----B2-----ABR4----C3---C4---+
A
|
|
B
|
|
C----D----E
| | |
| | |
F G H-------I
| |\ |
| | \ |
J K L M
| | | |
| | | |
N O P Q--R
Source 1 (S1)
|
PE1
| |
|L5 |
P3 |
| |
L3 |L1 |L2
R2----PE3--P1 P2---PE2--Receiver 1 (R1)
| L4
PE5----PE4----R3
|
|
R4
+---------------+
PTag |7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+---------------+
Bit 7 -- Always one
Bit 6 -- New packet format if set
+--first octet--+-second octet--+--third octet--+
|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0|
+-----------+---+-------+-------+---+-----------+
|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|5 4 3 2 1 0|
+--1.index--+--2.index--+--3.index--+--4.index--+
Asymmetric | Hash | Symmetric
key size | size | key size
------------+--------+-----------
1024 160 80
2048 224 112
3072 256 128
7680 384 192
15360 512 256
+------------+----------------------+---------------+---------------+
| L2 Trigger | Target | Link-Up | Link-Down |
| | Trigger | (L2-LU) | (L2-LD) |
| | (L2-TT) | | |
|------------+----------------------+---------------+---------------+
| Recipient | nFA | MN or nFA | oFA |
|------------+-----------+----------+---------------+---------------+
| Method | PRE | POST | PRE & POST | POST |
| | network- | target | | |
| | initiated | trigger | | |
|------------+----------------------+---------------+---------------+
| When? | | when radio | when radio |
| | same as | link between | link between |
| | source trigger | MN & nFA is | MN and oFA |
| | | established | is lost |
|------------+----------------------+---------------+---------------+
| Parameters | oFA identifier | @MN: nFA IPv4 | MN identifier |
| | MN identifier | or L2 addr. | |
| | | @nFA: MN IPv4 | |
| | | or L2 addr. | |
+------------+----------------------+---------------+---------------+
MN oFA nFA HA/GFA
| |<~~~~~~ L2-Source | |
| | Trigger | |
|<--------------------| | |
| PrRtAdv | | |
| | | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| RegReq or | | |
| RegRegReq (routed via oFA) |------------------->|
| | RegReq or RegRegReq|
| | |
| Buffered ~~~~~>|<-------------------|
|---------------------------------------->| (Reg)RegReply |
| Agent Solicitation | |
| (sent when MN connects to nFA) | |
| | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| (Reg)RegReply | |
| (sent when nFA receives Solicitation or L2-LU) |
MN oFA nFA HA/GFA
| | L2-Target~~~~~~~~>| |
| | Trigger | |
| |...................| |
|<--------------------------------------- | |
| (PrRtAdv) |...................| |
| | Tunneled Agent Advertisement |
| | | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| RegReq. or | | |
| RegRegReq (routed via oFA) |------------------->|
| | RegReq or RegRegReq|
| | |
| Buffered ~~~~~>|<-------------------|
|---------------------------------------->| (Reg)RegReply |
| Agent Solicitation | |
| (sent when MN connects to nFA) | |
| | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| (Reg)RegReply | |
| (sent when nFA receives Solicitation or L2-LU) |
MN oFA nFA HA/GFA
|<~~~~~ L2-Trigger | | |
| | | |
|-------------------->| | |
| PrRtSol | | |
| | | |
|<--------------------| | |
| PrRtAdv | | |
| | | |
|---------------------------------------->| |
| RegReq or | | |
| RegRegReq (routed via oFA) |------------------->|
| | RegReq or RegRegReq|
| | |
| Buffered ~~~~~>|<-------------------|
|---------------------------------------->| (Reg)RegReply |
| Agent Solicitation | |
| (sent when MN connects to nFA) | |
| | |
|<----------------------------------------| |
| (Reg)RegReply | |
| (sent when nFA receives Solicitation or L2-LU) |
1a) L2-ST ~~~~> +------+ 2) HRqst +------+ <~~~ 1b) L2-TT
| oFA |<-------->| nFA |
4a) L2-LD~> +------+ 3) HRply +------+ <~~~ 4b) L2-LU
^ ^
old L2 | | new L2
+-------+ +-----+
| |
| |
V V
+------+ movement
4c) L2-LU ---> | MN | --------->
+------+
MN nFA oFA
| | |
| | HRqst(s) |<~~~ L2-ST
| |<------------------|
| | HRply(s) |
| |------------------>|
| | |
--------------------------------------------<~~~ L2-LD
L2 Handoff
--------------------------------------------<~~~ L2-LU
| | |
|<------------------->| |
| MN's traffic | |
MN nFA oFA
| | |
| L2-TT ~~~>| HRqst(t) |
| |------------------>|
| | HRply(t) |
| |<------------------|
| | |
--------------------------------------------<~~~ L2-LD
L2 Handoff
--------------------------------------------<~~~ L2-LU
| | |
|<------------------->| |
| MN's traffic | |
MN nFA oFA aFA
| | L2-ST ~~~> | |
| | | |
| |<-------------| |
| | HTT | |
| |------------->| |
| | HRply(s) | |
| |------------------------------>|
| | HRqst(t) | |
| |<------------------------------|
| | HRply(t) | |
| | | |
----------------------------------<~~~ L2-LD |
|--------------->|
L2 Handoff | HRqst(r) |
| |
|<---------------|
| HRply(r) |
| |
----------------------------------<~~~ L2-LU |
| MN's traffic | | |
|<-------------->| | |
MN nFA oFA aFA
| | | |
| |<~~~ L2-TT | |
| |------------->| |
| | HRqst(t) | |
| |<-------------| |
| | HTT | |
| |------------------------------>|
| | HRqst(t) | |
| |<------------------------------|
| | HRply(t) | |
| | | |
----------------------------------<~~~ L2-LD |
|--------------->|
L2 Handoff | HRqst(r) |
| |
|<---------------|
| HRply(r) |
| |
----------------------------------<~~~ L2-LU |
| MN's traffic | | |
|<-------------->| | |
HRqst(r)
+------+ <-------- +------+
| FA(2)| ---------> | FA(1)|
+------+ HRply(r) +------+
RegReq +-----+ RegReq
+----------->| oFA |--------------+
| +-----+ |
| v
+----+ +-----+ RegReq +----+
| MN | | GFA |<------->| HA |
+----+ +-----+ +----+
+-----+
| oFA |
+-----+
+----+ +-----+ +----+
| MN | | GFA | | HA |
+----+ +-----+ +----+
| ^
| +-----+ |
+------------>| nFA |-------------+
RegRegReq +-----+ RegRegReq
_
CN ->|_|-| Internet
| _____
|-| | |<- home link
_ | |-| _ | _
|-|_|-|_____| |-|_|-|-|_|<- HA (Home Agent)
| \ | _
foreign link ->| ^ |-|_|<- MR (Mobile Router)
.. AR (access ___|___
router) _| |_
|_| |_|
^ ^
MNN1 MNN2
_
CN ->|_|-|
| _____
_ | |-| | |<- home link
|_|-| _ | _ | |-| _ | _
2 MNNs -> _ |-|_|-|-|_|-|_____| |-|_|-|-|_|<- HA
|_|-| . | \ \ |
| . |<- foreign ^AR
mobile subnet -> . link
.
^ MR
_
CN->|_|-|
mobile subnet->| | _____
_ | |-| | |<- home link
MNN1->|_|-|'i'_'e'| _ | |-| _ | _
|--|_|--|-|_|-|_____| |-|_|-|-|_|<- HA
'i'| | \ |
____|__ |
mobile subnet-^ _| . |<- foreign
|_| . link
MNN2 -^ .
^
MR
mobile subnet 1 | _ +++++++<<<+++++++++++
|-|_|-| + +
++<<<LMN-| \ | + |-MR
+ | + _____ | _ HA_MR
+ | _ | + | |-|-|_|
+ LMN _ |-|_|-| _ | _ | | _
++++>|_|-| \ |--|_|--|-|_|-|_____|-|-|_|
| | ^ | \ | HA_VMN
VMN _ | MR |
|_|-| |-VMN
^ mobile subnet 2 +
+ +
++++++++<<<+++++++++++++++++++++++++
_____
_ | _ | |
_ |-|_|-| _ |-|_|-|-| |-| _
_ |-|_|-| \ |-|_|-| \ | |_____| | _ |-|_|
_ |-|_|-| | | | |-|_|-|
|_|-| \ | \ |
|
<--------------><----------><----><---------><-------->
sub-NEMO root-NEMO fl Internet Home Network
_____
_ _ | |
|_|-| _ |-|_|-| |-| _
_ |-|_|=| \ |_____| | _ |-|_|
|_|-| | |-|_|-|
\ |
MNNs MR AR Internet AR HA
MR1
_ |
_ |-|_|-| _____
|_|-| |-| |
MNNs _ | | |-| _
|_|-| _ |-|_____| | _ |-|_|
|-|_|-| |-|_|-|
| |
MR2
_ | _ |
|_|-|-|_|-| _ _____
NEMO-1 MNNs _ | MR1 |-|_|-| |
|_|-| ARx | |-| _
AR1 \ | | _ | | | _ |-|_|
_ |-|_|-| | |-|_|-|
_ |-|_|-| ARy | | |
|_|-| MR2a _ | |
NEMO-2 MNNs _ | |-|_|-| |
|_|-| _ | ARz |_____|
\ |-|_|-|
AR2 MR2b
HA
| /64 Home Link: A:B:C:0::/64
--+-----+--+- . -+- . -+--
| | | |
MR1 MR2 MRi MRN
| | | |
------ ------ ------ ------
/64 /64 /64 /64 MNP: A:B:C:i::/64
Extended Home Network
<----------------------------------------------------------->
Home Net Mobile Net Mobile Net ... Mobile Net
<------------><------------><------------> ... <------------>
HA
| /56 Aggreg /56
--+-----+--+- . -+- . -+--
| | | |
MR1 MR2 MRi MRN
| | | |
------ ------ ------ ------
/64 /64 /64 /64 Aggreg|i /64 0 < i <= N
Aggregated Home Network == Home Network
<----------------------------------------------------------->
Mobile Net Mobile Net Mobile Net ... Mobile Net
<------------><------------><------------> ... <------------>
/48 e.g.: A:B:C::/48
HA
| /64 A:B:C::/64
--+-----+--+- . -+- . -+--
| | | |
MR1 MR2 MRi MRN
/64 /64 /64 /64 A:B:C:i::/64 0 < i <= N
global Home Network CAB:C0::/32 advertised by HQ
<------------------------------------------------------------------>
HQ Extended Home Net Mobile Home for SFO office
(casa)
CAB:C0:CA5A::/48 CAB:C0:5F0::/48
<----------------------------> ... <------------------------------->
|
Home for offices HQ |
CAB:C0:CA5A:CA5A::/64 MN |
<----------------------><----> |
CAB:C0:CA5A:CA5A::CA5A |
CAB:C0:CA5A:CA5A::CA5B |
are HAs on link with for each office a route like |
|
CAB:C0:CA5A:CA5A::5F0 <---------------------- via
is the Home addr
of SFO office
Mobile Home Network CAB:C0:5F0::/48 owned by SFO office
<------------------------------------------------------------------>
SFO Home Network Mobile Networks for taxis
for taxis <---------------------...--------------------->
CAB:C0:5F0:5F0::/64 CAB:C0:5F0:CAB1::/64 CAB:C0:5F0:....::/64
<-------------------><-------------------> ... <------------------->
CAB:C0:5F0:5F0::5F0 |
is HA on link with for |
each taxi a route like |
|
CAB:C0:5F0:5F0::CAB1 <------ via
is the Home Address
of CAB 1
----------.
---------/ /----------.
-------/ | | /-------
MNN -----( - - | - - - | - - - | - - - | - - (------ CN1
MR3-------\ | | \-------MR3_HA
MR2--------\ \----------MR2_HA
MR1---------MR1_HA
2 3 4 5 4
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA
VMN |
| 3
1 2 |
CN --- VMN_HA --- MR3_HA
IPv6 Node
1 2 3 4 3 2
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
LFN |
| 1
1 2 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA
IPv6 Node
1 2 3 4 3 2
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
VMN |
| 1
1 2 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA
MIPv6 Node
2 3 4 5 4 3
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
VMN |
| 2
1 2 3 2 1 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA --- VMN_HA
IPv6 Node
1 2 3 4 3 2
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
LFN |
| 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA
IPv6 Node
1 2 3 4 3 2
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
LFN |
| 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA
MIPv6 Node
2 3 4 5 4 3
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
VMN |
| 2
|
VMN_HA
|
| 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR4_HA --- MR5_HA
IPv6 Node
2 3 4 5 4 3
MNN --- MR3 --- MR2 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
VMN |
| 2
|
VMN_HA
|
| 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 |
CN --- MR5 --- MR4 --- MR1 --- MR1_HA --- MR2_HA --- MR3_HA
IPv6 Node
************************** HAofMR
* #*#
* #*# +---------------------+
CN #*# | LEGEND |
o #*# +---------------------+
o ############### #*# | #: Tunnel |
CR ooooooooooooooo MR | *: NEMO Basic route |
############### | | o: Optimized route |
MNN +---------------------+
HAofCR ********************************** HAofMR
#*# #*#
#*# #*# +---------------------+
#*# #*# | LEGEND |
#*# #*# +---------------------+
#*# ############### #*# | #: Tunnel |
CR ooooooooooooooo MR | *: NEMO Basic route |
| ############### | | o: Optimized route |
MNN2 MNN1 +---------------------+
.--------. _----_ .--------.
|v6-in-v4| _( IPv4 )_ |v6-in-v4|
| Router | <======( Internet )=====> | Router |
| A | (_ _) | B |
'--------' '----' '--------'
^ IPsec tunnel between ^
| Router A and Router B |
V V
_----_ .---------. IPsec _----_ IPsec .-------.
_( IPv6 )_ |v6-in-v4 | Tunnel _( IPv4 )_ Tunnel | V4/V6 |
( Internet )<--->| Router |<=======( Internet )=======>| Site B |
(_ _) | A | (_ _) '--------'
'----' '---------' '----'
^
|
V
.--------.
| Native |
| IPv6 |
| node |
'--------'
+---------------------+
| IPv6 Network |
| |
.--------. _----_ | .--------. |
| V6/V4 | _( IPv4 )_ | |v6-in-v4| |
| Site B |<====( Internet )==========>| Router | |
'--------' (_ _) | | A | |
'----' | '--------' |
IPsec tunnel between | ^ |
IPv6 Site and Router A | | |
| V |
| .-------. |
| | V6 | |
| | Hosts | |
| '--------' |
+---------------------+
.--------. _----_ .--------.
| V6/V4 | _( IPv4 )_ | V6/V4 |
| Host | <======( Internet )=====> | Host |
| A | (_ _) | B |
'--------' '----' '--------'
IPsec tunnel between
Host A and Host B
---------- INIT[RANDOM; CHUNKS; HMAC-ALGO] ---------->
<------- INIT-ACK[RANDOM; CHUNKS; HMAC-ALGO] ---------
-------------------- COOKIE-ECHO -------------------->
<-------------------- COOKIE-ACK ---------------------
---------- INIT[RANDOM; CHUNKS; HMAC-ALGO] ---------->
<------- INIT-ACK[RANDOM; CHUNKS; HMAC-ALGO] ---------
--------------- COOKIE-ECHO; AUTH; DATA ------------->
<----------------- COOKIE-ACK; SACK ------------------
|<----------------------------DMS--------------------------------->|
|<-----SigComp message---->|<------------UDVM memory size--------->|
+-+----------+-------------+-----+----------+----------------------+
| | bytecode | comp msg | | bytecode | circular buffer |
+-+----------+-------------+-----+----------+----------------------+
^ ^
| |
SigComp header Low bytes of UDVM
+----------------------------------------+
| |
+----------^------------^----------------+
BCL BCR
+----------------------------------------+
| abcdefghijkl |
+----------^------------^----------------+
BCL BCR
+----------------------------------------+
| abcQRSTUVjklmnop |
+----------^------------^----------------+
BCL BCR
+----------------------------------------+
| abcdefg |
+----------^------------^----------------+
BCL BCR
+----------------------------------------+
| abcde fghijkl |
+----------^------------^----------------+
BCR BCL
[SM1, BC, BF1]
<------------ref SM1------------
[SM2, BC, BF1]
endpoint B still believes SM1
is at endpoint A
[SM1, SM2]
------------------------------->
endpoint B does not create SM2
because there is no space
[SM1, BC, BF1]
[SM1, BC, BF1, BF2]
<------------ref SM1------------
[SM2, BC, BF2]
endpoint B still believes SM1
is at endpoint A
+--------------+
| Media stream |
+--------------+
\_______ ______/
2-4 octets V
+------+--------------+
Compressed /RTP/UDP/IP/ |header| |
+------+--------------+
\__________ __________/
2 octets V
+------+---------------------+
HC Control Parameter |header| |
+------+---------------------+
\______________ _____________/
8 octets V
+------+----------------------------+
MPLS Labels |header| |
+------+----------------------------+
\_________________ _________________/
V
+------------------------------------------+
Link Layer under MPLS | |
+------------------------------------------+
\____________________ _____________________/
V
+-------------------------------------------------+
Physical Layer | |
+-------------------------------------------------+
GW1 SIP Proxy GW2
From | | |
PSTN-->| | |
+---F1--------->| |
| +---F2----------->|
... ... ...
| | | Send to PSTN
| | | --> and receive Answer
| | | Complete Message
-----------------------------------------
Call in progress
-----------------------------------------
| | |
| |<-----------F3---+
+<--------------+ |
... ... ...
example.com example.net
/-------------------------\ /-----------\
GW1 SIP Proxy 1 SIP Proxy 2
From | | |
PSTN-->| | |
+---F1--------->| |
| +---F2----------->|
| | |
... ... ...
| +<--F3------------+
... ... ...
------------------
Y | Received Label | N
-------| Mapping Msg? |--------------
| ------------------ |
| |
-------------- |
| | |
| | |
------- ------- |
| C=0 | | C=1 | |
------- ------- |
| | |
| | |
| ---------------- |
| | Control Word | N |
| | Capable? |----------- |
| ---------------- | |
| Y | | |
| | | |
| ---------------- | |
| | Control Word | N | |
| | Preferred? |---- | |
| ---------------- | | |
| Y | | | |
| | | | ----------------
| | | | | Control Word |
| | | | | Preferred? |
| | | | ----------------
| | | | N | Y |
| | | | | |
Send Send Send Send Send Send
C=0 C=1 C=0 C=0 C=0 C=1
| | | |
----------------------------------
| If receive the same as sent, |
| VC setup is complete. If not: |
----------------------------------
| | | |
------------------- -----------
| Receive | | Receive |
| C=1 | | C=0 |
------------------- -----------
| |
Wait for the Send
next message Wrong C-Bit
|
Send Label Mapping
Message with C=0
HA1
||(Advertise aggregated prefix X and Y)
|v
ISP
|
+------------------------+---------------------+
| The Internet |
+-+----------+--------------------+----------+-+
| | | |
ISP-A ISP-B ISP-A' ISP-B'
| | | |
| | | |
+--- MR ---+ +--- MR ---+
CoA1 | CoA2 CoA1|CoA2
| |
-------+--------- (Prefix X) -------+------ (Prefix Y)
Multihomed Network X Multihomed Network Y
HA1
^ | |
(1) Packets to prefix X | | | (2) HA forwards the packets
are sent to HA | | v to CoA1 or CoA2
+-------+------+
| The Internet |
+-+----------+-+
| |
| | |(3) Packets are forwarded over
| | | the MIP tunnel selected by
| | v the HA1
ISP-A ISP-B
| | |
| | |
+--- MR ---+ v
CoA1 | CoA2
|
-------+--------- (Prefix X)
Multihomed Network A
sync
HA1 ------ HA2
| |
+-+----------+-+
| The Internet |
+-+----------+-+
| |
ISP-A ISP-B
| |
| |
+--- MR ---+
CoA1 | CoA2
|
-------+---------
Multihomed Network
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|DN |O |DC |EA |NP |MC |E |MT |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
*--------------------* *-----------------*
| | | |
| N2 ----------- N3-|--|----- AT--- EO2 |
| | | \| | / | |
| | | |--|- / | |
| | | | | \/ | |
| | | | | /\ | |
| | | |--|- \ | |
| | | /| | \ | |
| N1 ----------- N4-|--|----- EO1 |
| | | |
*--------------------* *-----------------*
A-1 A-2
Host Host Host Host Host Host
/------------------/ /------------------/
Router -------Router
|
VPN-Router
||
|| IPsec Tunnel through routed network
||
VPN-Router
|
Router -------Router
/------------------/ /------------------/
Host Host Host Host Host Host
Host Host Host Host Host Host
/------------------/ /------------------/
Router -------Router
|
VPN-Router VPN-Router VPN-Router
/---------------------/ /----------/
Router -------------Router
|
VPN-Router VPN-Router
/-----------/ /----------/
Router -------Router
|
|
Router -------Router
/-----------/ /----------/
VPN-Router VPN-Router
|
Router ------------Router
/---------------------/ /----------/
VPN-Router VPN-Router VPN-Router
|
Router -------Router
/------------------/ /------------------/
Host Host Host Host Host Host
+---------+ +-------+ +----+----+ +---------+
| RSVP | |Routing| |Net Guard| |IPsec Mgr|
+----+----+ +---+---+ +----+----+ +----+----+
| | | |
+----+-----------+------------+-----------------+----+
| IP |
+-----------+--------------------+------------+------+
| | |
| +-----+-----+ +----+------+
| | Encrypt/ | | Encrypt/ |
| |Decrypt for| |Decrypt for|
| | Security | | Security |
| |Association| |Association|
| +-----+-----+ +----+------+
| | |
+-----------+------------+ +-----+------------+------+
| Plaintext | | Ciphertext |
| Interface | | Interface |
+------------------------+ +-------------------------+
+-----------------------+ +----------------------+
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| |RSVP || ||Aggregate RSVP ||
| | || || ||
| |Per session: || ID ||Agg. Session ||
| | Destination ||--->|| Agg. Destination ||
| | Source || || Agg. Source= self ||
| | potential SPI || || Agg. SPI generated||
| | DSCP ---------> DSCP ||
| | vPort or protocol---------> vPort ||
| | and port || || ||
| | Mean rate ---------> Sum of mean rates ||
| | Peak rate ---------> f(Peak rates) ||
| | Burst Size ---------> Sum of Burst sizes||
| | || || ||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| | IP || || IP ||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| | Plaintext Interface|| ||Ciphertext Interface||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
+-----------------------+ +----------------------+
+-----------------------+ +----------------------+
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| |RSVP || ||Aggregate RSVP ||
| | || || terminated ||
| |Per session: |+ || ||
| | Destination || || ||
| | Source <---------Decrypted RSVP ||
| | potential SPI || || message sent to ||
| | DSCP || || Plaintext unit ||
| | vPort or protocol || || *as data* for ||
| | and port || || normal processing ||
| | Mean rate || || ||
| | Peak rate || || ||
| | Burst Size || || ||
| | || || ||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| | IP || || IP ||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
| |Plaintext Interface || ||Ciphertext Interface||
| +--------------------+| |+--------------------+|
+-----------------------+ +----------------------+
_.------------.
,--'' Plaintext Domain--.
,-' +--------+ +--------+ `-.
,' | Host | | Host | `.
,' +--------+ +--------+ `.
; :
| +----------------------+ |
: | +--------+ | |
`. | | Router | | ,'
`. | +---+----+ | ,'
`- | +----------+ | ,'
---| +-+--+ +-+--+--+ |'
|----|E/D |--|Net Grd| | VPN Router
,-'| +-+--+ +-+--+--+ |\
, | +----------+ | \
,' | +---+----+ | `.
,' | | Router | | |
/ | +--------+ | \
; +----------------------+ :
| |
: Ciphertext Domain ;
+-------+ +------------+ +--------+
| | |Softwire | | IPv6 |
+---------+ | IPv4 |--|concentrator|--| Network|=>Internet
|v4/v6 |--| | +------------+ +--------+
|Host CPE | | |
+---------+ |Network|
+-------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ __
()_ _ _ _ _ _ __() IPv6 SPH
"softwire"
|--------------||-------------------------|
IPv4-only IPv6 or dual-stack
+-------+ +-------------+ +--------+
| | | Softwire | | v6 |
+-----+ +------+ | v4 |--| concentrator|--| Network|=>Internet
|v4/v6|--|v4/v6 |--| | +-------------+ +--------+
|Host | |Router| |Network|
+-----+ |v4/v6 | | |
| CPE | +-------+
+------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ __
()_ _ _ _ _ _ __() IPv6 SPH
"softwire"
|--------------||--------------||-------------------------|
Dual-stack IPv4-only IPv6 or dual-stack
+-----+
|v4/v6| +-------+ +------------+ +-------+
|Host | | | |Softwire | | v6 |
+-----+ +------+ | v4 |--|concentrator|--|Network|=>Internet
| |v4 |--| | +------------+ +-------+
|---------|Router| |Network|
| |v4 CPE| +-------+
+---------+ +------+
|Softwire |
|Initiator|
|v6 Router|
| CPE |
+---------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
()_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _() IPv6 SPH
"softwire"
|--------||-----------------------||----------------------|
Dual IPv4 only IPv6 or dual-stack
stack
+----------+ +----------+
|AF1 only | |AF1 only |
| | | |
+----------+ +----------+
| |
| |
Dual-Stack Dual-Stack
"AFBR" "AFBR"
| |
| |
+----------------------------+
| |
+-------+ | | +-------+
|AF2 | | AF2 only | |AF2 |
|only |-------| (but also providing |-------|only |
+-------+ | transit for AF1) | +-------+
| |
+----------------------------+
| / \ |
| / \ |
Dual-Stack Dual-Stack
"AFBR" "AFBR"
| | |
| | |
+--------+ +--------+
|AF1 and | |AF1 and |
|AF2 | |AF2 |
+--------+ +--------+
Start +-------------+
| |optional |
+--<--------------------|preliminary |<-------Start
| |investigation|
V +-------------+
+------------+ +---------+ +---------+
|requirements| discussion |review by| YES | IESG | YES
|statement |----------->|WG chairs|------------->|decision |------+
|I-D | on mailing |and ADs | request to | | |
+------------+ list +---------+ IESG to +---------+ |
| appoint REWG | |
|NO and charter |NO REWG|
V req eval | chartered|
+-------------+ | to work on|
|response | | requirements|
|to the | | statement|
|requirements |<-----------------+ |
+->|statement |<----------------+ |
| +-------------+ | |
| ^ | |
NO| | NO | |
| +-----------------+ | V
| | | NO +------+
+--------+ +-------+ +--------| REWG |
| IESG/ | YES | AD | | req |
+-----------|decision|<---------------|review |<------------| eval |
|PSWG | | request to | | YES | |
|chartered +--------+ IESG to +-------+ +------+
|to work approve I-D
| and charter
| PSWG (if needed)
| +---------+
| | IETF | +-----+
+--------->| PSWG |-----/ /---->| RFC |
+---->| process | +-----+
| +---------+
solutions
I-D
Figure 1: Change Process Overview
Client Server
| |
| Connect |
| >>------------------------------->> |
| |
| Send Greeting |
| <<-------------------------------<< |
| |
| Send <login> |
| >>------------------------------->> |
| |
| Send Response |
| <<-------------------------------<< |
| |
| Send Command |
| >>------------------------------->> |
| |
| Send Response |
| <<-------------------------------<< |
| |
| Send Command X |
| >>------------------------------->> |
| |
| Send Command Y |
| >>---------------+ |
| | |
| | |
| Send Response X |
| <<---------------(---------------<< |
| | |
| | |
| +--------------->> |
| |
| Send Response Y |
| <<-------------------------------<< |
| |
| Send <logout> |
| >>------------------------------->> |
| |
| Send Response & Disconnect |
| <<-------------------------------<< |
| |
Zone Set Database
+------------------+
| +--------------+ |
Get | | Zone Set A | |
<=========| |(zones, zone | |
| | members,etc.)| |
| +--------------+ |
Add/ | | Zone Set B | | Activate +------------+
Remove | +------------+ | Zone Set | |
=========>| |Zone Set C| |================>| |
| +----------+ | | Active |
+------------------+ | Zone |
| Set |
Get Active Zone Set | (enforced) |
<==============================================| |
| |
Activate Direct | |
==============================================>| |
| |
Deactivate | |
==============================================>| |
+------------+
+--------+ +-------+ +-------+ +--------+
| Access | | Host | | Host | | Access |
| Conc. |=======| Radio |~~~~~~~| Radio |=======| Conc. |
+--------+ +-------+ +-------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
|-PPPoE-| |--RLP--| |-PPPoE-|
| |
|-------------PPP Session---------------|
+--------------+ +-----------+
| NETWORK |1 *| |
| ENTITY |----| PORTAL |
| | | |
+--------------+ +-----------+
|1 |1 |*
| | |
| |* |
| +----------+ |
| | PORTAL | |
| | GROUP | |
| +----------+ |
| |* |
| | |
|* |1 |*
+----------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +-----------+
| FC |1 *| STORAGE |* *| DISCOVERY|* *| DISCOVERY |
| DEVICE |----| NODE |----| DOMAIN |----| DOMAIN |
| | | | | | | SET |
+----------+ +-------------+ +----------+ +-----------+
+--------------+ +--------------+
| MANAGED iSNS |1 *| CONTROL NODE |
| SERVER |----| INFO |
| INFO | +--------------+
+--------------+
|1 |1
| | +--------------+
| | *| DDS AND DD |
| +------| INFO |
| | |
| +--------------+
|
| +-------------+
| *| REGISTERED |
+------------| ENTITIES |
| INFO |
+-------------+
+-----------------+
| iSNS |
| NOTIFICATION |
| INFO |
+-----------------+
As defined in [RFC2740], the first 3 bits of the LSA Function
Code are the U, S1, and S2 bits. A given function code implies a
specific setting for the U, S1, and S2 bits as shown in the "LS Type"
column.
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|U |S2|S1| LSA Function Code |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
Site | Native | IPv6 |v6 in v4| IPv4 | Native | Public
Network <--->| IPv6 |<---->| Tunnel |<---->| IPv4 |<---> Internet
|Firewall| |Endpoint| |Firewall|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+---------------+-------------+---------+
| IPv6 Dispatch | IPv6 Header | Payload |
+---------------+-------------+---------+
+--------------+------------+---------+
| HC1 Dispatch | HC1 Header | Payload |
+--------------+------------+---------+
+-----------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------+
| Mesh Type | Mesh Header | HC1 Dispatch | HC1 Header | Payload |
+-----------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------+
+-----------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------+
| Frag Type | Frag Header | HC1 Dispatch | HC1 Header | Payload |
+-----------+-------------+--------------+------------+---------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+---------+
| M Typ | M Hdr | F Typ | F Hdr | HC1 Dsp | HC1 Hdr | Payload |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+---------+
+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+---------+
| M Typ | M Hdr | B Dsp | B Hdr | HC1 Dsp | HC1 Hdr | Payload |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------+---------+
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010| (zeros) | Interface Identifier |
+----------+-----------------------+----------------------------+
ID type | Support | Correspond | Cert | SPD lookup
| for send | PKIX Attrib | matching | rules
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | |
IP*_ADDR | MUST [a] | SubjAltName | MUST [b] | [c], [d]
| | iPAddress | |
| | | |
FQDN | MUST [a] | SubjAltName | MUST [b] | [c], [d]
| | dNSName | |
| | | |
USER_FQDN| MUST [a] | SubjAltName | MUST [b] | [c], [d]
| | rfc822Name | |
| | | |
IP range | MUST NOT | n/a | n/a | n/a
| | | |
DN | MUST [a] | Entire | MUST [b] | MUST support lookup
| | Subject, | | on any combination
| | bitwise | | of C, CN, O, or OU
| | compare | |
| | | |
GN | MUST NOT | n/a | n/a | n/a
| | | |
KEY_ID | MUST NOT | n/a | n/a | n/a
| | | |
Broadcast Link AR
- - - - - - - - -
| |
\/
1a 2b 2a
+--------+ +--------+
----+ R1 +----------+---+ R2 +----
+--------+ MPEG-2 | +--------+
Link |
| +--------+
+---+ R3 +----
| +--------+
|
| +--------+
+---+ R4 +----
| +--------+
|
|
| MPEG-2 Link AR |
- - - - - - - - -
| | | |
\/ \/
1a x y 2b 2a
+--------+ +----+ +----+ +--------+
----+ R1 +--| B1 +----------+---+ B2 +--+ R2 +----
+--------+ +----+ MPEG-2 | +----+ +--------+
Link |
| +----+
+---+ B3 +--
| +----+
|
| +----+
+---+ B4 +--
| +----+
|
/-----\
MPEG-2 Uplink /MPEG-2 \
###################( Network )
# \ /
+----#------+ \--.--/
| Network | |
| Provider + v MPEG-2 Downlink
+-----------+ |
+-----v------+
| MPEG-2 |
| Receiver |
+------------+
/-----\
MPEG-2 uplink /MPEG-2 \
###################( Network )
# \ /
+----#------+ \--.--/
| Network | |
| Provider +-<-+ v MPEG-2 downlink
+-----------+ | |
| +-----v------+
+--<<--+ MPEG-2 |
Return | Receiver |
Path +------------+
+-------------------------------+--------+----------------------+
| | PDU |L2 Frame Header Fields|
| L2 Encapsulation |overhead+----------------------+
| |[bytes] |src mac|dst mac| type |
+-------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+------+
|6.1 ULE without dst MAC address| 8 | - | - | x |
|6.2 ULE with dst MAC address | 14 | - | x | x |
|6.3 MPE without LLC/SNAP | 16 | - | x | - |
|6.4 MPE with LLC/SNAP | 24 | - | x | x |
|6.5 ULE with Bridging extension| 22 | x | x | x |
|6.6 ULE with Bridging & NPA | 28 | x | x | x |
|6.7 MPE with LLC/SNAP&Bridging | 38 | x | x | x |
+-------------------------------+--------+-------+-------+------+
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
| An Attack: | |Counter- | | A System Resource: |
| i.e., A Threat Action | | measure | | Target of the Attack |
| +----------+ | | | | +-----------------+ |
| | Attacker |<==================||<========= | |
| | i.e., | Passive | | | | | Vulnerability | |
| | A Threat |<=================>||<========> | |
| | Agent | or Active | | | | +-------|||-------+ |
| +----------+ Attack | | | | VVV |
| | | | | Threat Consequences |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - -+
Relationships: === one-to-one, ==> one-to-many, <=> many-to-many.
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| PKI System |
+ - - - - + | +------------------+ +-------------------------+ |
| User, | | |Subscriber, i.e., | | Identity of Subscriber | |
|i.e., one| | | Registered User, | | is system-unique | |
| of the | | | is system-unique | | +---------------------+ | |
|following| | | +--------------+ | | | Subscriber | | |
| | | | | User's core | | | | Identity's | | |
| +-----+ |===| | Registration | |==>| | Registration data | | |
| |human| | | | | data, i.e., | | | |+-------------------+| | |
| |being| | | | | an entity's | | | || same core data || | |
| +-----+ | | | |distinguishing|========|for all Identities || | |
| or | | | | attribute | | | || of the same User || | |
| +-----+ | | | | values | | +===|+-------------------+| | |
| |auto-| | | | +--------------+ | | | +---------------------+ | |
| |mated| | | +------------------+ | +------------|------------+ |
| |pro- | | | | +=======+ | |
| |cess | | | +-------v----|----------------------|------------+ |
| +-----+ | | | +----------v---+ +------------v----------+ | |
| or | | | |Authentication|<===>|Identifier of Identity | | |
|+-------+| | | | Information | | is system-unique | | |
|| a set || | | +--------------+ +-----------------------+ | |
|| of || | | Identifier Credential that associates unit of | |
|| either|| | | Authentication Information with the Identifier | |
|+-------+| | +------------------------------------------------+ |
+ - - - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
Service Critical Evidence Evidence Archive . Evidence
Request => Action => Stored => Is => Evidence . Is
Is Made Occurs For Later Tested In Case . Verified
and Use | ^ Critical . ^
Evidence v | Action Is . |
Is +-------------------+ Repudiated . |
Generated |Verifiable Evidence|------> ... . ----+
+-------------------+
IPS Protocol Layers +-----------------------------------------+
|Network| Net |In-| Trans | Application |
| H/W |Inter|ter| -port | |
| |-face|net| | |
OSIRM Protocol Layers +-----------------------------------------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Confidentiality +-----------------------------------------+
- Datagram | O I | O I | O I | O I | | O * | O I |
- Selective Field | | | I | | | O * | O I |
- Traffic Flow | O | | O | | | | O |
-- Full | I | | | | | | |
-- Partial | | I | I | | | | I |
Integrity +-----------------------------------------+
- Datagram | I | I | O I | O I | | | O I |
- Selective Field | | | I | | | | O I |
- Stream | | | O I | O I | | | O I |
Authentication +-----------------------------------------+
- Peer Entity | | I | O I | O I | | | O I |
- Data Origin | | I | O I | O I | | | O I |
Access Control +-----------------------------------------+
- type as appropriate | | I | O I | O I | | | O I |
Non-Repudiation +-----------------------------------------+
- of Origin | | | | | | | O I |
- of Receipt | | | | | | | O I |
+-----------------------------------------+
(c) Permission Inheritance Assignments (i.e., Role Hierarchy)
[Constraints]
+=====+
| |
(a) Identity v v (b) Permission
+----------+ Assignments +-------+ Assignments +----------+
|Identities|<=============>| Roles |<=============>|Permissions|
+----------+ [Constraints] +-------+ [Constraints] +----------+
| | ^ ^
| | +-----------+ | | +---------------------+
| | | +-------+ | | | | Legend |
| +====>|Session|=====+ | | |
| | +-------+ | | | One-to-One |
| | ... | | | =================== |
| | +-------+ | | | |
+========>|Session|=========+ | One-to-Many |
(d) Identity | +-------+ | (e) Role | ==================> |
Selections | | Selections | |
[Constraints]| Access |[Constraints] | Many-to-Many |
| Sessions | | <=================> |
+-----------+ +---------------------+
+--------------+
| L2TP active |
+----------+ ----| endpoint (A) |
| L2TP | / +--------------+
| endpoint |----------------------/
| (R) | \ +--------------+
+----------+ \ | L2TP backup |
----| endpoint (B) |
+--------------+
Endpoint Peer
(assigned tid = x, failover capable)
SCCRQ --------------------------------------> validate SCCRQ
(assigned tid = y, failover capable)
validate <-------------------------------------- send SCCRP
SCCRP, etc.
SCCCN -----------------------------------> validate and reset
Ns = 100, Nr = 3 on
the recovered tunnel
(FSS AVP for sessions s1, s2, s3..)
send FSQ -------------------------------------> compute the state
of sessions in FSQ
(FSS AVP for sessions s1, s2, s3...)
deletes <-------------------------------------- send FSR
stale sessions, if any
(FSS AVP for sessions s7, s8, s9...)
compute <-------------------------------------- send FSQ
the sate of
sessions in FSQ
(FSS AVP for sessions s7, s8, s9...)
send FSR --------------------------------------> delete stale
sessions, if any
Recovery AVP = (A, B)
SCCRQ -----------------------+
(with tie (recovery tunnel 'C') |
breaker |
AVP) |
Recovery AVP = (B, A) |
+- valid <--------------------------- Send SCCRQ
| SCCRQ (recovery tunnel 'D') | (with tie breaker AVP)
| This endpoint |
| loses tie; |
| Discards tunnel 'C' +--> Valid SCCRQ
| This endpoint wins tie;
| Discards SCCRQ
|
| (may include SCS AVP)
+->Send SCCRP -------------------------> Validate SCCRP
Reset 'B';
Set Ns, Nr values --+
|
|
|
Validate SCCN <---------------------- Send SCCN -------+
Reset 'A';
Set Ns, Nr values
FSS AVP (A, B)
send FSQ -------------------------> No (B, A) pair exist;
rather (B, C) exist.
If it clears B then peer doesn't
know if C is stale on other end.
_____________ _____________
| SCTP User | | SCTP User |
| Application | | Application |
|-------------| |-------------|
| SCTP | | SCTP |
| Transport | | Transport |
| Service | | Service |
|-------------| |-------------|
| |One or more ---- One or more| |
| IP Network |IP address \/ IP address| IP Network |
| Service |appearances /\ appearances| Service |
|_____________| ---- |_____________|
-----------------------------------------------------
_____________ ____________________
| | | Sequenced Delivery |
| Association | | within Streams |
| | |____________________|
| Startup |
| | ____________________________
| and | | User Data Fragmentation |
| | |____________________________|
| Takedown |
| | ____________________________
| | | Acknowledgement |
| | | and |
| | | Congestion Avoidance |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ____________________________
| | | Chunk Bundling |
| | |____________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Packet Validation |
| | |________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________
| | | Path Management |
|_____________| |________________________________|
----------
| TSN=17 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=15 |
----------
| TSN=14 |
----------
| | <- still missing
----------
| TSN=12 |
----------
| TSN=11 |
----------
| TSN=10 |
----------
----- -------- (from any state)
/ \ / rcv ABORT [ABORT]
rcv INIT | | | ---------- or ----------
--------------- | v v delete TCB snd ABORT
generate Cookie \ +---------+ delete TCB
snd INIT ACK ---| CLOSED |
+---------+
/ \ [ASSOCIATE]
/ \ ---------------
| | create TCB
| | snd INIT
| | strt init timer
rcv valid | |
COOKIE ECHO | v
(1) ---------------- | +------------+
create TCB | | COOKIE-WAIT| (2)
snd COOKIE ACK | +------------+
| |
| | rcv INIT ACK
| | -----------------
| | snd COOKIE ECHO
| | stop init timer
| | strt cookie timer
| v
| +--------------+
| | COOKIE-ECHOED| (3)
| +--------------+
| |
| | rcv COOKIE ACK
| | -----------------
| | stop cookie timer
v v
+---------------+
| ESTABLISHED |
+---------------+
| | (D)rcv SHUTDOWN ACK
| |--------------
| | stop shutdown timer
| | send SHUTDOWN COMPLETE
| | delete TCB
| |
\ +---------+ /
\-->| CLOSED |<--/
+---------+
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{app sets association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A
& other info] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z)
/-- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A,
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z,
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z, & other info]
(destroy temp TCB)
COOKIE ECHO [Cookie_Z] ------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (build TCB enter ESTABLISHED
state)
/---- COOKIE-ACK
/
(Cancel T1-init timer, <-----/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=init
/ TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
...
{app sends 2 messages;strm 0}
/---- DATA
/ [TSN=init TSN_Z
<--/ Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data 1]
SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_Z, /---- DATA
Block=0] --------\ / [TSN=init TSN_Z +1,
\/ Strm=0,Seq=1 & user data 2]
<------/\
\
\------>
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
<-------------- Association is established---------------------->
Tag=Tag_A Tag=Tag_Z
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
{A crashes and restarts}
{app sets up a association with Z}
(build TCB)
INIT [I-Tag=Tag_A'
& other info] --------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-WAIT state) \---> (find an existing TCB
compose temp TCB and Cookie_Z
with Tie-Tags to previous
association)
/--- INIT ACK [Veri Tag=Tag_A',
/ I-Tag=Tag_Z',
(Cancel T1-init timer) <------/ Cookie_Z[TieTags=
Tag_A,Tag_Z
& other info]
(destroy temp TCB,leave original
in place)
COOKIE ECHO [Veri=Tag_Z',
Cookie_Z
Tie=Tag_A,
Tag_Z]----------\
(Start T1-init timer) \
(Enter COOKIE-ECHOED state) \---> (Find existing association,
Tie-Tags match old tags,
Tags do not match, i.e.,
case X X M M above,
Announce Restart to ULP
and reset association).
/---- COOKIE ACK
(Cancel T1-init timer, <------/
Enter ESTABLISHED state)
{app sends 1st user data; strm 0}
DATA [TSN=initial TSN_A
Strm=0,Seq=0 & user data]--\
(Start T3-rtx timer) \
\->
/--- SACK [TSN Ack=init TSN_A,Block=0]
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ------------> (send ack)
/------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,block=0]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <-----/
DATA [TSN=9,Strm=0,Seq=5] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
...
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle SACK with DATA)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=9,block=0] \
/ DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
(cancel T3-rtx timer) <------/ (Start T3-rtx timer)
Endpoint A Endpoint Z
{App begins to send}
Data [TSN=7,Strm=0,Seq=3] ------------> (ack delayed)
(Start T3-rtx timer)
{App sends 1 message; strm 1}
(bundle ack with data)
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ----\ /-- SACK [TSN Ack=7,Block=0]
\ / DATA [TSN=6,Strm=1,Seq=2]
\ / (Start T3-rtx timer)
\
/ \
(Restart T3-rtx timer) <------/ \--> (ack delayed)
(ack delayed)
{send ack}
SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=0] --------------> (Cancel T3-rtx timer)
..
(send ack)
(Cancel T3-rtx timer) <-------------- SACK [TSN Ack=8,Block=0]
DATA [TSN=8,Strm=0,Seq=4] ---------------> (gap detected,
immediately send ack)
/----- SACK [TSN Ack=6,Block=1,
/ Start=2,End=2]
<-----/ (remove 6 from out-queue,
and mark 7 as "1" missing report)
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Answer-State 18x,2xx ar - - - o - - -
Header field NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Answer-State R - - - - - - -
Alice's Alice's Conference Bob's Bob's
Terminal PTT Server Focus PTT Server Terminal
| | | | |
|--(1)INVITE-->| | | |
| |--(2)INVITE-->| | |
| | |--(3)INVITE->| |
| | | |--(4)INVITE-->|
| | |<--(5)183----| |
| |<---(6)200----| | |
|<---(7)200----| | | |
|----(8)ACK--->| | | |
| |---(9)ACK---->| | |
| | | | |
|=====Early Media Session====>| | |
| | MEDIA | |
| | BUFFERING | |
| | | |<---(10)200---|
| | | |---(11)ACK--->|
| | |<--(12)200---| |
| | |--(13)ACK--->| |
| | | | |
| | |========Media Session======>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
Alice's Alice's Bob's Bob's
Terminal PTT Server / PTT Server Terminal
Conference Focus
| | | |
|-----(1)INVITE-- ----->| | |
|<-----(2)200-----------| | |
|-------(3)ACK--------->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|----(4)REFER---------->| | |
|<-----(5)202-----------| | |
| |----(6)INVITE---->| |
| | |--(7)INVITE---->|
| | | |
| |<----(8)183-------| |
|<---(9)NOTIFY----------| | |
|-----(10)200---------->| | |
| | | |
|=Early Media Session==>| | |
| MEDIA | |
| BUFFERING | |
| | |<---(11)200-----|
| | |---(12)ACK----->|
| |<----(13)200------| |
| |-----(14)ACK----->| |
| |===========Media Session==========>|
| | | |
|<---(15)NOTIFY---------| | |
|-----(16)200---------->| | |
| | | |
+-------------+-----------------------------------+
| Range | Assignment Policy |
+-------------+-----------------------------------+
| 0 | Reserved (not to be assigned) |
| | |
| 1 | Already assigned |
| | |
| 2-32767 | Unassigned (Standards Action) |
| | |
| 32768-32777 | Experimentation (No assignements) |
| | |
| 32778-65535 | Reserved (Not to be assigned) |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
TE LSA Type Value
_________________________________________
TE-Router LSA 0x81
TE-Positional-ring-network LSA 0x82
TE-Summary Network LSA 0x83
TE-Summary router LSA 0x84
TE-AS-external LSAs 0x85
TE-Circuit-paths LSA 0x8C
TE-incremental-link-Update LSA 0x8d
TE-Router-Proxy LSA 0x8e
TE TLV Tag Reference Value
Section
_________________________________________________________
Alice Bob
| |
| |
|(1) (SIP) INVITE |
|----------------------->|
|(2) (SIP) 200 OK |
|<-----------------------|
|(3) (SIP) ACK |
|----------------------->|
|(4) (MSRP) SEND |
|----------------------->|
|(5) (MSRP) 200 OK |
|<-----------------------|
|(6) (MSRP) SEND |
|<-----------------------|
|(7) (MSRP) 200 OK |
|----------------------->|
|(8) (SIP) BYE |
|----------------------->|
|(9) (SIP) 200 OK |
|<-----------------------|
| |
| |
Romeo Juliet's Juliet/ Juliet/ Juliet/ Nurse
Proxy balcony chamber PDA
| | | | | |
|--INVITE--->| | | | |
| |--INVITE--->| | | |
| |<----180----| | | |
|<----180----| | | | |
|---PRACK---------------->| | | |
|<----200-----------------| | | |
|<===Early MSRP Session==>| art thou hither? | |
| | | | | |
| |--INVITE---------------->| | |
| |<----180-----------------| | |
|<----180----| | | | |
|---PRACK----------------------------->| | |
|<----200------------------------------| | |
|<========Early MSRP Session==========>| art thou hither? |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | .... Time Passes .... | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| |--CANCEL--->| | | |
| |<---200-----| | | |
| |<---487-----| | | |
| |----ACK---->| | | |
| |--CANCEL---------------->| | |
| |<---200------------------| | |
| |<---487------------------| | |
| |----ACK----------------->| | |
| |--INVITE---------------------------->| romeo wants
| | | | | to IM w/ you
| |<---486 Busy Here--------------------| |
| |----ACK----------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
| |--INVITE---------------------------------------->|
| |<---200 OK---------------------------------------|
|<--200 OK---| | | | |
|---ACK------------------------------------------------------->|
|<================MSRP Session================================>|
| | | | | |
| Hi Romeo, Juliet is |
| with her father now |
| can I take a message?|
| |
| Tell her to go to confession tomorrow.... |
Alice a.example.org b.example.net Bob
| | | |
|::::::::::::::::::::>| connection opened |<::::::::::::::::::::|
|--- AUTH ----------->| |<-- AUTH ------------|
|<-- 200 OK-----------| |--- 200 OK---------->|
| | | |
.... time passes ....
| | | |
|--- SEND ----------->| | |
|<-- 200 OK ----------|:::::::::::::::::::>| (slow link) |
| |--- SEND ---------->| |
| |<-- 200 OK ---------|--- SEND ----------->|
| | | ....>|
| | | ..>|
| | |<-- 200 OK ----------|
| | |<-- REPORT ----------|
| |<-- REPORT ---------| |
|<-- REPORT ----------| | |
| | | |
Alice a.example.org b.example.net Bob
| | | |
|--- SEND 1-3 ------->| | |
|<-- 200 OK ----------| | (slow link) |
|--- SEND 4-7 ------->|--- SEND 1-5 ------>| |
|<-- 200 OK ----------|<-- 200 OK ---------|--- SEND 1-3 ------->|
|--- SEND 8-10 ------>|--- SEND 6-10 ----->| ....>|
|<-- 200 OK ----------|<-- 200 OK ---------| ..>|
| | |<-- 200 OK ----------|
| | |<-- REPORT 1-3 ------|
| |<-- REPORT 1-3 -----|--- SEND 4-7 ------->|
|<-- REPORT 1-3 ------| | ...>|
| | |<-- REPORT 4-7 ----->|
| |<-- REPORT 4-7 -----|--- SEND 8-10 ------>|
|<-- REPORT 4-7 ------| | ..>|
| | |<-- 200 OK ----------|
| |<-- REPORT done-----|<-- REPORT done -----|
|<-- REPORT done -----| | |
| | | |
Alice a.example.org
| |
|::::::::::::::::::::>|
|--- AUTH ----------->|
|<- 401 Unauthorized -|
|--- AUTH ----------->|
|<-- 200 OK-----------|
| |
_____
_ p _ | |
|_|-|<-_ |-|_|-| |-| _
_ |-|_|=| |_____| | _ |-|_|
|_|-| | |-|_|-|
|
MNNs MR AR Internet AR HA
_____
_ p1,p2 _ | |
|_|-|<-_ |-|_|-| |-| _
_ |-|_|=| |_____| | _ |-|_|
|_|-| | |-|_|-|
|
MNNs MR AR Internet AR HA
AR HA2
_ |
|-|_|-| _
_____ | |-|_|
_ p _ | |-|
|_|-|<-_ |-|_|-| |
_ |-|_|=| |_____|-| _
|_|-| | | _ |-|_|
|-|_|-|
|
MNNs MR AR Internet AR HA1
AR HA2
_ | _
_____ |-|_|-|-|_|
_ p1,p2 _ | |-| |
|_|-|<-_ |-|_|-| | _
_ |-|_|=| |_____|-| _ |-|_|
|_|-| | |-|_|-|
| |
MNNs MR AR Internet AR HA1
MR2
p<-_ |
_ |-|_|-| _____
|_|-| |-| |
_ | | |-| _
|_|-| _ |-|_____| | _ |-|_|
|-|_|-| |-|_|-|
p<- | |
MNNs MR1 Internet AR HA
MR2
p2<-_ |
_ |-|_|-| _____
|_|-| |-| |
_ | | |-| _
|_|-| _ |-|_____| | _ |-|_|
|-|_|-| |-|_|-|
p1<- | |
MNNs MR1 Internet AR HA
MR2 AR HA2
p _ |
<-_ | |-|_|-| _
_ |-|_|-| _____ | |-|_|
|_|-| |-| |-|
_ | | |
|_|-| _ |-|_____|-| _
|-|_|-| | _ |-|_|
<- | |-|_|-|
p |
MNNs MR1 Internet AR HA1
MR2 AR HA2
p2 _ |
<-_ | |-|_|-| _
_ |-|_|-| _____ | |-|_|
|_|-| |-| |-|
_ | | |
|_|-| _ |-|_____|-| _
|-|_|-| | _ |-|_|
<- | |-|_|-|
p1 |
MNNs MR1 Internet AR HA1
Prefix: P1 +-----+ +----+ +----------+ +-----+
+--| MR1 |--| AR |--| |---| HA1 |
| +-----+ +----+ | | +-----+
IP: +-----+ | | | Prefix: P1
P1.MNN or | MNN |--+ | Internet |
P2.MNN +-----+ | | | Prefix: P2
| +-----+ +----+ | | +-----+
+--| MR2 |--| AR |--| |---| HA2 |
Prefix: P2 +-----+ +----+ +----------+ +-----+
MN PAR NAR
| | |
|------RtSolPr------->| |
|<-----PrRtAdv--------| |
| | |
|------FBU----------->|--------HI--------->|
| |<------HAck---------|
| <--FBack---|--FBack---> |
| | |
disconnect forward |
| packets===============>|
| | |
| | |
connect | |
| | |
|--------- FBU --------------------------->|
|<=================================== deliver packets
| | (including FBack)
| |<-----FBU-----------|
MN PAR NAR
| | |
|------RtSolPr------->| |
|<-----PrRtAdv--------| |
| | |
disconnect | |
| | |
| | |
connect | |
|-----------FBU-------|------------------->|
| |<-----FBU-----------|
| |------FBack-------->|
| forward |
| packets===============>|
| | |
|<=================================== deliver packets
| (including FBack)
| |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
field | header | authority | authority | chunks 1..n |
| | length | | |
+--------+-----------+-----------+-------------+
octets 1 1 0..255 variable
+--------+-------------+
field | header | chunks 1..n |
| | |
+--------+-------------+
octets 1 variable
+---------+-----------+----------+
field | Version | Keep Open | reserved |
| (V) | (KO) | |
+---------+-----------+----------+
bits 0 and 1 2 3 - 7
+------------+---------------+----------+------------+
field | Last Chunk | Data Complete | reserved | Chunk Type |
| (LC) | (DC) | | (CT) |
+------------+---------------+----------+------------+
bits 0 1 2 - 4 5 - 7
+-----------+------------+--------+
field | chunk | chunk data | chunk |
| descriptor| length | data |
+-----------+------------+--------+
octets 1 2 variable
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
field | mechanism | mechanism | mechanism | mechanism |
| name | name | data | data |
| length | | length | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
octets 1 variable 2 variable
+------------+---------+
field | payload | payload |
| descriptor | |
+------------+---------+
octets 3 or 6..261* 0..n
+--------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
field | header | transaction | maximum | authority | authority |
| | ID | response | length | |
| | | length | | |
+--------+-------------+----------+-----------+-----------+
octets 1 2 2 1 0..255
+--------+-------------+
field | header | transaction |
| | ID |
+--------+-------------+
octets 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 1 1 0 | CID |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 x-1 x 7
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
: Add-CID octet : if CID 1-15 and small CIDs
+--- --- --- --- ---+--- --- ---+
| type indication | body | 1 octet (8-x bits of body)
+--- --- --- --- ---+--- --- ---+
: :
/ 0, 1, or 2 octets of CID / 1 or 2 octets if large CIDs
: :
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
/ body / variable length
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| profile specific information | 1 octet
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|Acktype| |
+---+---+ profile specific / at least 2 octets
/ information |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Success
+-->------>------>------>------>------>--+
| |
No Static | No Dynamic Success | Success
+-->--+ | +-->--+ +--->----->---+ +-->--+
| | | | | | | | |
| v | | v | v | v
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
| No Context (NC) | | Static Context (SC) | | Full Context (FC) |
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | ^ |
| Static Context | | Context Damage Assumed |
| Damage Assumed | | |
+-----<------<------<-----+ +-----<------<------<-----+
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
list: | item 1 | item 2 | | item n |
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
PS = 1: | X | Reserved | Index |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| XI_k | XI_k + 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| MSN |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 2 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 3 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 9 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
<-- interpretation interval (size is 2^num_lsbs_param) -->
|---------------------------+----------------------------|
lower ref_value upper
bound bound
+--------------------------------+
| +-----------------+ +--------+ |
| | +------+ +----+ | | +----+ | |
| | | h2abc| | h1 | | | | h3 | | |
| | +------+ +----+ | | +----+ | |
| +-----------------+ +--------+ |
+--------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------+
| +----------------------+ +--------+ +--------+ |
| | +----+ +----+ +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ | |
| | | h2b| | h2c| | h2a| | | | h1 | | | | h3 | | |
| | +----+ +----+ +----+ | | +----+ | | +----+ | |
| +----------------------+ +--------+ +--------+ |
+-------------------------------------------------+