+-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------+
| S_1 | | S_2 | | S3 | ... | S_L |
| S_L+1 | | S_L+2 | | S_L+3 | ... | S_2xL |
| . | | . | | | | |
| . | | . | | | | |
| . | | . | | | | |
| S_(D-1)xL+1 | | S_(D-1)xL+2 | | S_(D-1)xL+3 | ... | S_DxL |
+-------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+ +-------+
+ + + +
------------- ------------- ------------- -------
| XOR | | XOR | | XOR | ... | XOR |
------------- ------------- ------------- -------
= = = =
+===+ +===+ +===+ +===+
|C_1| |C_2| |C_3| ... |C_L|
+===+ +===+ +===+ +===+
--------------------------
/ Provider \
|----| | Backbone | |----|
Sender->| CE1| |-----| |-----| |CE2 |->Receiver
| |--| | |---| |---| | |---| |
|----| | | | P | | P | | | |----|
| PE1 |---| |-----| |-----| PE2 |
| | | | | | | |
| | |---| |---| | |
|-----| |-----|
| |
\ /
--------------------------
|INVITE from TU
Timer A fires |INVITE sent Timer B fires
Reset A, V or Transport Err.
INVITE sent +-----------+ inform TU
+---------| |--------------------------+
| | Calling | |
+-------->| |-----------+ |
300-699 +-----------+ 2xx | |
ACK sent | | 2xx to TU | |
resp. to TU | |1xx | |
+-----------------------------+ |1xx to TU | |
| | | |
| 1xx V | |
| 1xx to TU +-----------+ | |
| +---------| | | |
| | |Proceeding | | |
| +-------->| | | |
| +-----------+ 2xx | |
| 300-699 | | 2xx to TU | |
| ACK sent, +--------+ +---------------+ |
| resp. to TU| | |
| | | |
| V V |
| +-----------+ +----------+ |
+------------->| |Transport Err. | | |
| Completed |Inform TU | Accepted | |
+--| |-------+ | |-+ |
300-699 | +-----------+ | +----------+ | |
ACK sent| ^ | | | ^ | |
| | | | | | | |
+----+ | | | +-----+ |
|Timer D fires | Timer M fires| 2xx |
|- | - | 2xx to TU |
+--------+ | +-----------+ |
NOTE: V V V |
Transitions +------------+ |
are labeled | | |
with the event | Terminated |<-----------------------+
over the action | |
to take. +------------+
|INVITE
|pass INV to TU
INVITE V send 100 if TU won't in 200 ms
send response+------------+
+--------| |--------+ 101-199 from TU
| | | | send response
+------->| |<-------+
| Proceeding |
| |--------+ Transport Err.
| | | Inform TU
| |<-------+
+------------+
300-699 from TU | |2xx from TU
send response | |send response
+--------------+ +------------+
| |
INVITE V Timer G fires |
send response +-----------+ send response |
+--------| |--------+ |
| | | | |
+------->| Completed |<-------+ INVITE | Transport Err.
| | - | Inform TU
+--------| |----+ +-----+ | +---+
| +-----------+ | ACK | | v | v
| ^ | | - | +------------+
| | | | | | |---+ ACK
+----------+ | | +->| Accepted | | to TU
Transport Err. | | | |<--+
Inform TU | V +------------+
| +-----------+ | ^ |
| | | | | |
| | Confirmed | | +-----+
| | | | 2xx from TU
Timer H fires | +-----------+ | send response
- | | |
| | Timer I fires |
| | - | Timer L fires
| V | -
| +------------+ |
| | |<----+
+------->| Terminated |
| |
+------------+
-----------------
| KeyContainer |
|---------------|
| EncryptionKey |
| Signature |
| ... |
-----------------
|
|
/|\ 1..n
---------------- ----------------
| KeyPackage | 0..1| DeviceInfo |
|--------------|--------|--------------|
| |-- | SerialNumber |
---------------- | | Manufacturer |
| | | .... |
| | ----------------
/|\ 0..1 |
---------------- | --------------------
| Key | | 0..1| CryptoModuleInfo |
|--------------| -----|------------------|
| Id | | Id |
| Algorithm | |.... |
| UserId | --------------------
| Policy |
| .... |
----------------
|
|
/|\ 0..n
--------------------------------------- - -
| | |
------------------ ---------------- -------- - -
| Data:Secret | | Data:Counter | | Data:other
|----------------| |--------------| |-- - -
| EncryptedValue | | PlainValue |
| ValueMAC | ----------------
------------------
Bits: | 0 thru 7 | 8 thru N | N+1 thru 31 |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
Value: | 234 | Unicast Prefix | Group ID |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F3 |
| |<-------------------| |
| SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F4 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | 200 OK F6 | |
| |------------------->| |
| INVITE F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP, RTCP XR | |
|<============================================================>|
| | | |
| BYE F13 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F14 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F17 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F18 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F19 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F20 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F3 |
| |<-------------------| |
| SUBSCRIBE Event:vq-rtcpxr F4 | |
|<-------------------| | |
| 200 OK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | 200 OK F6 | |
| |------------------->| |
| INVITE F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F11 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP, RTCP XR | |
|<============================================================>|
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F13 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F14 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
| BYE F17 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F18 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F19 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F20 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F21 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | NOTIFY Event:vq-rtcpxr F22 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F23 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F24 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| | | |
| REGISTER Allow-Event:vq-rtcpxr F1 | |
|------------------->| | |
| 200 OK F2 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| INVITE F3 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F4 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F5 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F6 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F7 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F8 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| | | |
| BYE F9 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F10 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F11 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F12 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F13 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F14 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F15 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F16 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
Alice Proxy/Registrar Collector Bob
| | | |
| INVITE F1 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | INVITE F2 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F3 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F4 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| ACK F5 | | |
|------------------->| | |
| | ACK F6 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| RTP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| RTCP | | |
|<============================================================>|
| PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F7 | |
|------------------->| | |
| | PUBLISH Event:vq-rtcpxr F8 |
| |------------------->| |
| | 200 OK F9 | |
| |<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F10 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
| | | |
| BYE F11 | | |
|------------------->| BYE F12 | |
| |---------------------------------------->|
| | 200 OK F13 | |
| |<----------------------------------------|
| 200 OK F14 | | |
|<-------------------| | |
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
+---------------+
| GRE |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+-----------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| Incoming Header | Departing Outer Header |
| (also equal to +---------------+---------------+---------------+
| departing Inner | RFC 3168 ECN | RFC 3168 ECN | RFC 4301 IPsec|
| Header) | Limited | Full | |
| | Functionality | Functionality | |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT | Not-ECT | Not-ECT |
| ECT(0) | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(0) |
| ECT(1) | Not-ECT | ECT(1) | ECT(1) |
| CE | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | CE |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|Arriving | Arriving Outer Header |
| Inner +---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Header | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
RFC 3168->| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT | <drop> |
RFC 4301->| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT |Not-ECT |
| ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | CE |
| ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) | CE |
| CE | CE | CE | CE | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
physically unprotected physically
<-protected domain-><--domain--><-protected domain->
+------------------+ +------------------+
| | M | |
| A-------->I=========>==========>E-------->B |
| | | |
+------------------+ +------------------+
<----IPsec secured---->
tunnel
^ outer header marking
|
100% +-----+---------+ The large square
| | | represents 100 packets
| 30 | |
| | | p_t = 12/(100-30)
p_t + +---------+ = 12/70
| | 12 | = 17%
0 +-----+---------+--->
0 30% 100% inner header marking
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
REQUEST_INIT
-------------------------------->
REQUEST_RESP
<--------------------------------
TRANSFER_INIT
---------------------------------------------------------------->
RESOLVE_INIT
<--------------------------------
RESOLVE_RESP
-------------------------------->
TRANSFER_RESP
<----------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-established trust relation Pre-established trust relation
<------------------------------> <------------------------------>
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
Security association based on ticket
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
Ticket Request
(1) <------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------------------------------------->
<------------------------------>
Ticket Resolve
Ticket Request
(2) <------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------------------------------------->
Ticket Transfer
(3) <------------------------------------------------------------->
<------------------------------>
Ticket Resolve
Ticket Transfer
(4) <------------------------------------------------------------->
+------+------------------+-----+------+
KEMAC | MPKi |..................| TGK | SALT |
+--+---+------------------+--+--+--+---+
| MPKi | |
v | |
CSB ID ----- auth_key ------ | |
+---------->| PRF |------------>| AUTH | | |
| ----- ------ | |
| ^ MAC | | |
| | RAND v | |
+--+--+------+----+---+--+--------+--+---+ | |
TRANSFER_INIT | HDR |......| RANDRi |..| TICKET |..| V | | |
+--+--+------+----+---+--+--------+--+---+ | |
| | RAND | |
| v | |
| CS ID ----- TGK | |
+---------->| PRF |<---------------------+ |
----- |
| TEK SALT |
v v
---------------------------------------
| Security Protocol, e.g., SRTP |
---------------------------------------
+------+--------------------------+-----+------+
KEMAC | MPKr |..........................| TGK | SALT |
+--+---+--------------------------+--+--+--+---+
| MPKr | |
v | |
----- MPKr' | |
| PRF |-------+ TGK | |
----- | | |
^ v | |
CSB ID | ----- auth_key ------ | |
+---------)------>| PRF |--------->| AUTH | | |
| | ----- ------ | |
| | ID Data ^ MAC | | |
| | RAND | RAND v | |
+--+--+---+--+--+---+---+----+----------+---+ | |
TRANSFER_RESP | HDR |...| MOD |...| RANDRr |..........| V | | |
+--+--+---+--+--+---+---+----+----------+---+ | |
| | | RAND v |
| | | ID Data ----- |
| +----------)------------------>| PRF | |
| | RAND ----- |
| v | |
| CS ID ----- TGK' | |
+---------------->| PRF |<------------------+ |
----- |
| TEK SALT |
v v
---------------------------------------
| Security Protocol, e.g., SRTP |
---------------------------------------
TRANSFER_INIT = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V < - - TRANSFER_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRr],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V
TRANSFER_INIT = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRr], [IDRi],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V < - - TRANSFER_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRi],
{SP}, [KEMAC], V
Next Payload | Value | Section
-------------+-------+--------
TR | 13 | 6.4
IDR | 14 | 6.6
RANDR | 15 | 6.8
TP | 16 | 6.10
TICKET | 17 | 6.10
+---+ +---+
| I | | R |
+---+ +---+
TRANSFER_INIT
---------------------------------------------------------------->
TRANSFER_RESP {KEMAC}
<----------------------------------------------------------------
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A | | B | | C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Ticket Transfer
<-------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<--------------------------------------------------------------->
+---+ +---+ +---+
| A | | B | | C |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Ticket Transfer
<-------------------------------> Ticket Transfer
<------------------------------->
+---+ +---+ +-------+ +-------+
| I | | R | | KMS R | | KMS I |
+---+ +---+ +-------+ +-------+
TRANSFER_INIT
--------------------> RESOLVE_INIT
- - - - - - - - - - -> RESOLVE_INIT
- - - - - - - - - - ->
RESOLVE_RESP
RESOLVE_RESP <- - - - - - - - - - -
TRANSFER_RESP < - - - - - - - - - -
<--------------------
----- auth_key ------
----- TPK | |----------------------->| AUTH |
| TPK |----------->| | encr_key ------
----- | PRF |--------------------+ |
^ +-->| | salt_key | |
: | | |----------------+ | |
: | ----- | | |
: | v | |
identify : RAND | TS value ---- | | MAC
: | +------------>| IV | | |
: | | ---- | |
: | | IV | | |
: | | v v v
Ticket +---+----+---+--+---+---+-+-+------------+-------+---+---+
Data | IDRpsk |...| RAND |...| T |............| KEMAC |...| V |
+--------+---+------+---+---+------------+-------+---+---+
+---+ +-----+ +---+
| I | | KMS | | R |
+---+ +-----+ +---+
REQUEST_INIT
-------------------------------->
REQUEST_RESP
<--------------------------------
3830 MIKEY
---------------------------------------------------------------->
IWF* IWF*
network1 | network_2 |network_3
History-Info | Diversion |using
| |Hist-Info
| |
UA A P1 AS B | P2 AS C UA C AS D | UA E
| | | | | | | | | |
|INVITE | | | | | | | | |
|------>| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |INVITE | | | | | | | |
| |------>| | | | | | | |
| |Supported: histinfo | | | | | |
| | History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | | | |
| | <sip:userB >; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |INVITE | | | | | | |
| | |------>| | | | | | |
| | |History-Info: | | | | | |
| | |<sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | | |
| | |<sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | |<sip:userC>; cause=302; index=1.1.1 | | |
IWF* IWF*
SIP network using | SIP network using |SIP net.
History-Info | Diversion |using
| Hist-Info
| |
UA A P1 AS B | P2 AS C UA C AS D | UA E
| | | | | | | | | |
|INV B | | | | | | | | |
|------>| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |INV B | | | | | | | |
| |------>| | | | | | | |
| |Supported: histinfo | | | | | |
| | History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | | | |
| | <sip:userB >; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | |INV C | | | | | | |
| | |------>| | | | | | |
| | |History-Info: | | | | | |
| | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | | |
| | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | | |
| | <sip:userC; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | |INV C | | | | | |
| | | |----->| | | | | |
| | | |Diversion: | | | | |
| | | |B reason= unconditional counter=1 | |
| | | |History-Info: | | | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1,| | | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |INV C | | | | |
| | | | |------>| | | | |
| | | | No modification of Diversion due to P2|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |INV C | | | |
| | | | | |------>| | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<--180-| | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | No response timer expire | |
| | | | | |---INV D --->| | |
| | |Diversion: | | |
| | |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full, |
| | |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
| | | History-Info: | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |INV E | |
| | | | | | | |----->| |
| | |Diversion: | |
| | |userD; reason=time-of-day; counter=1; privacy=off |
| | |userC; reason=no-answer; counter=1; privacy=full, |
| | |userB; reason=unconditional; counter=1; privacy=off,
| | | History-Info: | |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, | |
| | | <sip:userB>; index=1.1 | |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | INV E |
| | | | | | | | |------>|
| | | History-Info: |
| | | <sip:proxyP1>; index=1, |
| | | <sip:userB ?privacy=none>; index=1.1, |
| | | <sip:proxyP2; cause=302>; index=1.1.1, |
| | | <sip:userC ?privacy=history>; index=1.1.1.1, |
| | <sip:userD; cause=408 ?privacy=none>; index=1.1.1.1.1,
| | | <sip:userE; cause=404>; index=1.1.1.1.1.1 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
___________ __________
| | | |
| RID |__________-------------___________| RID |
|_________| | NP Border | |________|
-------------
_______ _______ _______
| | | | | |
__| RID |____-------------____| RID |____-------------____| RID |__
|_____| | NP Border | |_____| | NP Border | |_____|
| ------------- ------------- |
|_______________________________________________________|
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Asserted-Service R admr - - - o o - o
Header field NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Asserted-Service - - - - o o o
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG SUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Preferred-Service R dr - - - o o - o
Header field NOT PRA INF UPD MSG REF PUB
_______________________________________________________________
P-Preferred-Service - - - - o o o
Session| Number of receivers:
Bandwidth| 2 3 4 5 10 100 1000 10000
--+------------------------------------------------
8 kbps| 2.73 4.10 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47
16 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73
32 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
64 kbps| 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
128 kbps| 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41
256 kbps| 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
512 kbps| 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
1 Mbps| 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
2 Mbps| 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
4 Mbps| 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
C:-(0)----(2)----(7)<8>--(5)----(4)----(6)-----(11)----(9){10}-
| | | | | | | |
B:-(3)----(5)---(10)<8>--(8)----(7)----(9){7}--(14)----(12)----
| | | |
A:---------------(3)<8>--(1)-------------------(7){12}-(5)-----
+-----------------------------------------+
|Host |
| +-------------+ |
| | Application | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +----+----+ |
| | DNS | |
| | Resolver| |
| | Library | |
| +----+----+ |
| | |
+-----------------------------------------+
|
_________|_________
/ \
/ \
/ \
| Internet |
\ /
\ /
\___________________/
We will discuss each of the above issues in subsequent sections. For
reference, Figure 2 depicts a more realistic architecture on typical
hosts today (which don't have IDNA inserted as a shim immediately
above the DNS resolver library). More generally, the host may be
attached to one or more local networks, each of which may or may not
be connected to the public Internet and may or may not have a private
namespace.
+-----------------------------------------+
|Host |
| +-------------+ |
| | Application | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +------+------+ |
| | Generic | |
| | Name | |
| | Resolution | |
| | API | |
| +------+------+ |
| | |
| +-----+------+---+--+-------+-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-+-++--+--++--+-++---+---++--+--++-+-+ |
| |DNS||LLMNR||mDNS||NetBIOS||hosts||...| |
| +---++-----++----++-------++-----++---+ |
| |
+-----------------------------------------+
|
______|______
/ \
/ \
/ local \
\ network /
\ /
\_____________/
|
_________|_________
/ \
/ \
/ \
| Internet |
\ /
\ /
\___________________/
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
| Optical | | Optical | | Optical | | Optical |
| Node | | Node | | Node | | Node |
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+ +---------+
/\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\
|| || ||______ || _____|| ||
Coax Coax |__Coax| Coax |Coax__| Coax
|| || || || || ||
\/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/
+=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+
= Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable = = Cable =
= Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem = = Modem =
+=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+ +=======+
+---------------+ +---------------+
| Congestion | Instruct QoS Server | QoS |
| Management |******to Change QoS for****>| Server |
| Server | a Device | |
+----+---+------+ +-------+-------+
/\ /\ *
| | Relay Selected *
X +---Statistics: Bytes---+ QoS Action:
| Up/Down by Device | Change from PBE
X +-------+-------+ to BE, or from
| | Statistics | BE to PBE
X | Collection | *
Periodic SNMP | Server | *
Requests to +---------------+ *
Check CMTS Port /\ *
Utilization | *
Levels Statistics Sent *
| Periodically From CMTS *
X | *
| +-----------+-----------+ *
+-X-X-X-X-X-X->| CMTS in Headend |<********
+-----------------------+
H /\ /\ H
H Internet Traffic H
H to/from User H
H \/ \/ H
/+---------------------+\
/ | User's +---------+ |\
/ | Home | Cable | | \
| | Modem | |
============ | +---------+ |
= Notes: = +----------------------+
= ========================================================
= 1 - Statistics Collection Servers use IP Detail Records (IPDR). =
= 2 - QoS Servers use PacketCable Multimedia (PCMM) =
= to set QoS gates on the CMTS. =
= 3 - This figure is a simplification of the actual network and =
= servers, which included redundancies and other complexities =
= not necessary to depict the functional design. =
===================================================================
Figure 3
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | | |
| | | | |
| |- - - - - - - - - Attach | |
| | |---------------PBU--------------->|
| | |<--------------PBA----------------|
| |--------RtSol------->| | |
| |<-------RtAdv--------| | |
| Addr. | | |
| Conf. | | |
| |<--------------------|==================data============|--
| | | | |
|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Attach |
| | | |----------PBU-------->|
| | | |<---------PBA---------|
| | | |<-====data============|--
[A]?|<-----------NSol---------------------|<-====data============|--
| | | [B] ?|<-====data============|--
| | | ?|<-====data============|--
|-----------RtSol-------------------->|<-====data============|--
|<----------RtAdv---------------------| : |
Addr. | | | : |
Conf. | | | : |
|<-----------NSol---------------------| : |
|------------NAdv------------------->[C] |
!|<------------------------------------|======data============|--
| | | | |
| | | | |
+------+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | |
| |\ | |BCE exists
| | \ | | for pMAG
|- -|- - - - \- - - - Attach |
| | s\ |---------PBU----------->|BCE update
| | l\ |<--------PBA------------| for nMAG
| | o\ |
| | | w\ |
| | | l\ |
| | | i\ |
| | | n \ |packet dropped
| | | k --->| as BCE has only
| | | | entry for nMAG
| | | |
| | | |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| | LMA |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | | |[pMAG serves
| | | | MN as
| | | | Proxy-CoA]
| | | |
|<-----------------|===============data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
[Handoff | | |
Start] | | |
| | | |
e|-----------------------[MN Attach] |
x| | | |
e| | |---PBU(transient)--->|[Add nMAG to
c| | | | MN's BCE,
u| | |<--PBA(transient)----| enter trans-
t| | | | ient state]
i| | | |
o|<-----Dl+Ul-------|===============data tunnel=====|--->data
n|--------Ul------------------|=====data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
[Handoff/ | | |
Configuration | | |
Completed] | [HO Complete] |
| | |--------PBU--------->|[Activate
| | | | MN's BCE,
| | |<-------PBA ---------| update for-
| | | | warding path
| | | | to nMAG]
| | | |
|<---------------------------|=====data tunnel=====|--->data
| | | |
+----------------+ Before
PBU(nMAG) & PBA(LMA) | Active | Handover
+-----------------------| | --------
| | pMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| *----------------* .
| | .
| | V
| PBU(nMAG, Topt) | PBU(nMAG) & PBA(LMA, Topt) .
| | .
| | .
| V Handover
| __________ Procedure
| / LMA \ .
| _________ / selects \ _________ .
| No| \ activation / |Yes .
| | \_state_?__/ | .
| | | V
| V V .
| +--------------+ +--------------+ .
| | Transient-L | | Transient-LA | .
| | | | | .
| | pMAG [Dl,Ul] | +-------| pMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| | nMAG [Ul] | | | nMAG [Ul] | .
| +--------------+ | +--------------+ .
| | | |
| | PBU(pMAG, | PBU(nMAG) | TIMEOUT_1
| | lifetime=0)| | .
| | | V .
| | | +--------------+ .
| | | | Transient-A | .
| PBU(nMAG) | TIMEOUT_1 | | | .
| | | | nMAG [Dl,Ul] | .
| |PBU(pMAG, | | pMAG [Ul] | .
| | lifetime=0) | +--------------+ .
| | | |
| | | PBU(pMAG, | TIMEOUT_2
| | | lifetime=0)| .
| | | | V
| | | | -------
| | | | Handover
| | | V Complete
| | | +--------------+
| | +------->| Active |
| +-------------------------->| |
+----------------------------------------->| nMAG [Dl,Ul] |
+--------------+
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| | LMA |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | | bi-directional |
| |<<<<<<<<======================>>>>>>>>|<-->
| | | |
| | | |
[Handoff Event] | | |
| [MN HO Event] | |
| | [HO Event Acquire] |
| | | |
[LL Attach to | | |
nMAG] | |-----PBU(transient)----->|
| | | [D]
| | |<-----PBA(transient)-----|
| | | |
| | bi-directional |
| |<--->|<<<<<<<<======================>>>>>>>>|<-->
| pAN | | |
| |----------->| | |
| | nAN | |
|<------------------| |uplink only |
|------------------>|---->|>>>>>>===========>>>>>>>>|--->
| | | |
| | [HO Complete] |
| | |----------PBU----------->|
| | | [E]
| | |<---------PBA -----------|
| |` | |
| | |<<<<<<<<=========>>>>>>>>|<-->
| | | |
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
| MN | |pMAG| |nMAG| |LMA|
+------+ +----+ +----+ +---+
IF2 IF1 | | |
| | | | |
| |- - - - - - - - - Attach | |
| | |---------------PBU--------------->|
| | |<--------------PBA----------------|
| |--------RtSol------->| | |
| |<-------RtAdv--------| | |
| Addr. | | |
| Conf. | | |
| |<------------------->|==================data============|<--->
| | | | |
|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Attach |
| | | |----PBU(transient)--->|
| | | |<---PBA(transient)---[F]
|------RAT Configuration--------------| |
| |<--------------------|==================data============|<---
|-------RtSol-(optional)------------->| |
|<-----------RtAdv--------------------| |
Addr. | | | |
Conf | | | |
|------------NSol-------------------->|---------PBU-------->[G]
| | | |<--------PBA----------|
|<------------------------------------|========data=========[H]<-->
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB)
+------------------------------------------------------+
| <TE - Router ID > |
| |
| I-Component Relay B-Component Relay |
| +-----------------------+ +---------------------+ |
| | +---+ | | B-VID | |
| | |VIP| | | +---+ +---+ | | <TE Link>
| | +---+ | +---|CBP| |PNP|------
| | | | | +---+ +---+ | |
| | +---+ +---+ | | | | |
------|CNP| |PIP|----+ | | |
| | +---+ +---+ | | | |
| +-----------------------+ +---------------------+ |
| |
| PBB Edge Bridge |
+------------------------------------------------------+
Control TE Router ID TE Router ID
Plane | (TE Link) |
V | V
+----+ | +-----+
Data | | | | |
Plane | | V label=ESP:VID/MAC DA | |
-----N N----------------------------N N----------
| | PBB-TE | | \ Network
| | / | Or
+----+ /+-----+ Customer
BCB ESP:MAC IB-BEB Facing
Ethernet
Ports
Crypto DSKPP DSKPP Key Provisioning
Module Client Server Server
| | | |
| | | +---------------+
| | | |Server creates |
| | | |and stores |
| | | |Client ID and |
| | | |Auth. Code and |
| | | |delivers them |
| | | |to user out-of-|
| | | |band. |
| | | +---------------+
| | | |
| +----------------------+ | |
| |User enters Client ID,| | |
| |Auth. Code, and URL | | |
| +----------------------+ | |
| | | |
| |<-- 1. TLS handshake with --->| |
| | server auth. | |
| | | |
| | 2. <KeyProvClientHello> ---->| User -->|
| | | Auth. |
| |<-- [3. <KeyProvServerHello>] | |
| | | |
| | [4. <KeyProvClientNonce>] -->| |
| | | |
| |<- 5. <KeyProvServerFinished> | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<-- Key | | Key -->|
| Package | | Package |
Web DSKPP DSKPP Web
Browser Client Server Server
| | | |
|<-------- HTTPS browsing + some kind of user auth. --------->|
| | | |
| some HTTP request ----------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |<------------->|
| | | |
|<----------------------- HTTP response with <KeyProvTrigger> |
| | | |
| Trigger ---->| | |
| | | |
| |<-- 1. TLS handshake with --->| |
| | server auth. | |
| | | |
| | ... continues... | |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
| +------------+ | | |
| | Server key | | | |
| +<-| Public |------>------------->-------------+---------+ |
| | | Private | | | | | |
| | +------------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| V V | | V V |
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | |
| | | Decrypt |<-------<-------------<-----------| Encrypt | | |
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | ^ | |
| | | | Server | | | | | |
| | | | Random |--->------------->------+ +----------+ | |
| | | +--------+ | | | | Client | | |
| | | | | | | | Random | | |
| | | | | | | +----------+ | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | V V | | V V | |
| | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| +-->| DSKPP PRF | | | | DSKPP PRF |<----+ |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | | | | |
| V | | V |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| | Key | | | | Key | |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
| |Key Id |-------->------------->------|Key Id | |
| +-------+ | | +-------+ |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
DSKPP Server DSKPP Client
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
[<---] AD, [DeviceID],
[KeyID], [URL_S]
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
SAL, [AD],
[DeviceID], [KeyID] --->
DSKPP Client DSKPP Server
------------ ------------
SAL, AD, R_C,
[DeviceID], [KeyID],
KPML --->
+--------------+
| Architecture |
+--------------+
v v
+<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+ +->->->->->->->->+
v v
+----------+ +----------+
| ESP | | AH |
| Protocol | | Protocol |
+----------+ +----------+
v v v v
v +->->->->->->->->+->->->->->->->->+ v v
v v v v v v
v v v v v v
v +------------+ +-----------+ +----------------+ v
v | +------------+ | +------------+ | +----------------+ v
v | | Encryption | | | Combined | | |Integ-Protection| v
v +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | +-| Algorithm | v
v +------------+ +------------+ +----------------+ v
v v v v v
v v v v v
+>->->->-+->->->->->->->->->--<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-<-+-<-<-<-<-+
^
^
+------------+
| IKE |
| Protocol |
+------------+
example.com domain
------------------
Alice Proxy Auth Cred Bob1 Bob2
| | | | TLS Handshake | |
| [ Bob generates ] |<--------------------->|
| [ credentials and ] | PUBLISH (credential) |
| [ publishes them ] |<----------------------|
| | | | Digest Challenge |
| | | |---------------------->|
| | | | PUBLISH + Digest |
| | | |<----------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | time passes... |
| | | | |
| | | | TLS Handshake |
| [ Bob later gets ] |<---------------->|
| [ back his own ] | SUBSCRIBE |
| [ credentials ] | (credential) |
| [ at another ] |<-----------------|
| [ User Agent ] | SUBSCRIBE+Digest |
| | | |<-----------------|
| | | | NOTIFY |
| | | |----------------->|
| | | | Bob decrypts key |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| SUBSCRIBE (certificate) | Alice fetches |
|---------->|----->|----->| Bob's cert |
| | |NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY+Identity |<-----| |
|<----------+------| | Alice uses cert |
| | | | to encrypt |
| MESSAGE | | | message to Bob |
|---------->|------+------+----------------->|
Alice Server Bob UA
| | TLS Handshake | 1) Client authC/Z server
| |<---------------->|
| | PUBLISH | 2) Client sends request
| |<-----------------| (write credential)
| | Digest Challenge | 3) Server challenges client
| |----------------->|
| | PUBLISH + Digest | 4) Server authC/Z client
| |<-----------------|
| | time... |
| | |
| | TLS Handshake | 5) Client authC/Z server
| |<---------------->|
| | SUBSCRIBE | 6) Client sends request
| |<-----------------| (read credential)
| | Digest Challenge | 7) Server challenges client
| |----------------->|
| | SUBSCRIBE+Digest | 8) Server authC/Z client
| |<-----------------|
| | NOTIFY | 9) Server returns credential
| |----------------->|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE | 10) Client requests certificate
|---------->|
| |
|NOTIFY+AUTH| 11) Server returns user's certificate and signs that
|<----------| it is valid using certificate for the domain
| |
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<-------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
native service native service
|<-------Multi-Segment Pseudowire------->|
| PSN PSN |
AC | |<-1->| |<-2->| | AC
| V V V V V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ +----+ |
+----+ | | |=====| | | |=====| | | +----+
| |-------|......PW1.......|--AC1--|......PW2......|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |-------|......PW3.......|--AC2--|......PW4......|-------| |
+----+ | | |=====| | | |=====| | | +----+
^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +----+ ^
| PE1 PE2 PE3 PE4 |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| PW switching points |
| |
| |
|<-------------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Native |<-----Multi-Segment Pseudowire------>| Native
Service | PSN PSN | Service
(AC) | |<-Tunnel->| |<-Tunnel->| | (AC)
| V V 1 V V 2 V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |TPE1|==========|SPE1 |==========|TPE2| | +----+
| |------|.....PW.Seg't1....X....PW.Seg't3.....|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|.....PW.Seg't2....X....PW.Seg't4.....|-------| |
+----+ | | |==========| |==========| | | +----+
^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ ^
| Provider Edge 1 ^ Provider Edge 2 |
| | |
| | |
| PW switching point |
| |
|<----------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
AC "Up"
L2TPv3 ICRQ --->
LDP Label Mapping --->
AC "Up"
<--- LDP Label Mapping
<--- L2TPv3 ICRP
L2TPv3 ICCN --->
<-------------------- MS-PW Established ------------------>
PE 1 (MPLS/LDP) PW Switching Node PE3 (L2TPv3)
AC "Up"
LDP Label Mapping --->
L2TPv3 ICRQ --->
<--- L2TPv3 ICRP
<--- LDP Label Mapping
L2TPv3 ICCN --->
AC "Up"
<-------------------- MS-PW Established ------------------>
AC "Down"
L2TPv3 CDN --->
LDP Label Withdraw --->
AC "Down"
<-- LDP Label Release
<--------------- MS-PW Data Path Down ------------------>
PE 1 (MPLS LDP) PW Switching Node PE3 (L2TPv3)
AC "Down"
LDP Label Withdraw --->
L2TPv3 CDN -->
<-- LDP Label Release
AC "Down"
+-------+
---PW1 Receive---->| |-----PW2 Transmit---->
S-PE1 | S-PE2 | S-PE3
<--PW1 Transmit----| |<----PW2 Receive------
+-------+
U-PE A-----| |----U-PE C
| |
| |
N-PE E--------N-PE F
| |
| |
U-PE B-----| |-----U-PE D
U-PE A-----| |----U-PE C
| |
| |
N-PE E--------N-PE F
| |
| |
U-PE B-----| |-----U-PE D
PE A --- Network 1 ----- Border ----- Border ----- Network 2 --- PE B
Router 12 Router 21 |
|
PE C
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | 401|
|| |<---------------------|
RRD |REGISTER |
|| |--------------------->|
\/ | 200|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
| |
Failure ---->|***Timer F Expires |
| |
UA1 Registrar
| |
|REGISTER |
|--------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| 503|
Failure ---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SRD | |
|| | |
\/ | 180|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Redirect Server UA2
| | |
|INVITE | |
t1---->|--------------------->| |
/\ | 302| |
|| |<---------------------| |
|| |ACK | |
SRD |--------------------->| |
|| |INVITE |
|| |------------------------------------------->|
\/ | 180|
t4---->|<-------------------------------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SRD | |
|| | |
\/ | 480|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 Redirect Server UA2
| | |
|INVITE | |
t1---->|--------------------->| |
/\ | 302| |
|| |<---------------------| |
|| |ACK | |
SRD |--------------------->| |
|| |INVITE |
|| |------------------------------------------->|
\/ | 480|
t4---->|<-------------------------------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|
|ACK |
|--------------------->|
|BYE |
t1---->|--------------------->|
/\ | |
|| | |
SDD | |
|| | |
\/ | 200|
t4---->|<---------------------|
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|
|ACK |
|--------------------->|
| BYE|
|<---------------------|<----t1
| | /\
| | ||
| | SDD
| | ||
|200 | \/
|--------------------->|<----t4
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
t1---->|<---------------------|
/\ |ACK |
|| |--------------------->|
|| | |
SDT | |
|| | |
|| | |
\/ | BYE|
t4---->|<---------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|<----t1
|ACK | /\
|--------------------->| ||
| | ||
| | SDT
| | ||
| | ||
| BYE| \/
|<---------------------|<----t4
| |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
t1---->|<---------------------|
/\ |ACK |
|| |--------------------->|
|| |BYE |
SDT |--------------------->|
|| |BYE |
|| |--------------------->|
\/ | |
t4---->|***Timer F Expires |
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
|--------------------->|
| 180|
|<---------------------|
| 200|
|<---------------------|<----t1
| ACK| /\
|--------------------->| ||
| BYE| ||
|<---------------------| SDT
| BYE| ||
|<---------------------| ||
| | \/
| Timer F Expires***|<----t4
UA1 UA2
| |
|INVITE |
+----------->|------------------>|
| | 180|
| |<------------------|
Session Established | |
| | |
| | 200|
+----------->|<------------------|
| |
UA1 UA2 UA3
| | |
|INVITE | |
+----------->|------------------>| |
| | | |
INVITE w/ 3XX Response | | |
| | 302| |
+----------->|<------------------| |
| | |
|INVITE |
+----------->|-------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | 180|
Session Established |<--------------------------------------|
| | |
| | 200|
+----------->|<--------------------------------------|
| |
UA1 Proxy 1 Proxy 2 UA2
| | | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->| | |
| 407| | |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->|INVITE | |
| 100|--------------->|INVITE |
|<---------------| 100|--------------->|
| |<---------------| |
| | |INVITE |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
| | |INVITE |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
| | 408| |
| 408|<---------------| |
|<---------------|ACK | |
| |--------------->| |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
UA1 Proxy 1 Proxy 2 UA2
| | | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->| | |
| 407| | |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->| | |
|INVITE | | |
|--------------->|INVITE | |
| 100|--------------->|INVITE |
|<---------------| 100|--------------->|
| |<---------------| |
| | | 180|
| | 180 |<---------------|
| 180|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | 200|
| | 200|<---------------|
| 200|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | |
|ACK | | |
|--------------->|ACK | |
| |--------------->|ACK |
| | |--------------->|
| Both Way RTP Media |
|<================================================>|
| | | BYE|
| | BYE|<---------------|
| BYE|<---------------| |
|<---------------| | |
|200 | | |
|--------------->|200 | |
| |--------------->|200 |
| | |--------------->|
| | | |
........... ............
. . .
S1 --- E1 --- . .
. | . .
. === E5 === E7 ---
. | . . |
S2 --- E2 --- . . |
. . . | |
........... . | v
. ----- R --->
........... . | ^
. . . | |
S3 --- E3 --- . . |
. | . . |
. === E6 === E8 ---
. | . .
S4 --- E4 --- . .
. . .
........... ............
+-----------------------------------------+
| Application |
+----------------+------------------------+
| HIP Native API | Traditional Socket API |
+----------------+------------------------+
| Transport Layer |
+-----------------------------------------+
| I1 |
|-------------------------->|
| R1 |
|<--------------------------|
| I2 |
|-------------------------->|
| R2 |
|<--------------------------|
Application
-------------------------------- HIP BONE API
+---+ +--------------------+
| | | Peer Protocol |
| | +--------+ +---------+
| |<->|Topology| |(Storage)|
| | +---------+----------+
| | ^
| | v
| +------------------------+
| HIP |
+----------------------------+
+--------------------------------------+
| Transport (using HITs or LSIs) |
+--------------------------------------+
| HIP |
+------------------+-------------------+
| IPv4 | IPv6 |
+------------------+-------------------+
+------------------+-------------------+
| HIP signaling | data transports |
+------------------+-------------------+
+-----------------------+--------------+
| peer protocols | media |
+------------------+----+--------------+
| HIP signaling | data transport |
| |
+------------------+-------------------+
| NAT | non-NAT | |
| | |
| IPv4 | IPv6 |
+------------------+-------------------+
+-------------------------+
+--------+ | Profile Delivery Server |
| Device |<==========================>| +---+ +---+ |
+--------+ | |PNC| |PCC| |
| +---+ +---+ |
+-------------------------+
--------------
/ Local Network, \
| Device & Service |
\ Provider /
----------------
|
|
--------
| Device |
--------
|
|
----
|User|
----
--------
/ SIP \
| Service | -> Provides 'user' profile
| Provider | data (e.g., services
\ / configuration)
-------- --------
| / \
| | Device | -> Provides 'device' profile
| | Provider | data (e.g., device specifics)
| \ /
| ---------
| /
| / -------
| / / Local \
| / | Network |
| | | Provider | -> Provides 'local-network' profile
| | \ / data (e.g., bandwidth)
| | -------
| | /
| | /
| | |
===================
( Local Network )
===================
|
|
--------
| Device | -> Needs the 'local-network'
-------- and 'device' profile
/ \
/ \
------ ------
|User A| |User B| -> Users need 'user' profiles
------ ------
+----------------------+
+--------+ | Provider's Network |
| Device | | |
| | | |
+--------+ | DHCP PDS |
+----------------------+
| | |
(A) |<============== DHCP =============>| |
| |
| |
| |
(B) |<=========== Profile Enrollment ============>|
| | Profile data
| | is modified
| |
(C) |<============ Profile Change ================|
| Notification |
| |
| |
User User
A B +----------------------+ +----------------------+
+--------+ | Provider | | Provider |
| Device | | A | | B |
| | | | | |
+--------+ | DHCP PROXY PDS | | PROXY PDS |
+----------------------+ +----------------------+
| | | | | |
(A) |<====DHCP====>| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(B) |<local-network profile>|<====>| | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
|
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(C) |<== device profile ==> |<====>| | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
.
.
.
| Profile Enrollment | | | |
(D) |<= user profile (A) => |<====>| | |
| | | | |
|
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
.
[[User A obtains services]]
.
.
.
|
| Profile Enrollment | |
(E) |<=========== user profile (B) ==========>|<=========>|
| | |
| <<Profile content retrieval>>
|
+------------+
| Initialize |
+-----+------+
|
|
V
+-------------+
| Prepare |
+--------->| Enrollment |<------------------+
| | Request | |
| +------+------+ |
+------+------+ | |
| Failure | Enroll. Req. prepared |
+-->| Handling & | /Send Req |
| | Delay | | |
| +-------------+ V |
| ^ ^ +-------------+ |
| | | | Await | |
| | +--------+ Enrollment | |
| | Timeout, | acceptance | |
| | non-2xx/- +------+------+ |
| | | |
| Timeout 200 OK/- Enrollment
| /Terminate | Timeout/-
| Enrollment V |
| | +--------------+ |
| | | Enrollment | |
| +------------+ accepted | |
Retries Exceeded |(await NOTIFY)| |
/Retry Enrollment +---+------+---+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| NOTIFY w. Content Ind| | NOTIFY w. Profile |
| /Retrieve Profile | | /Accept Profile |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | | |
| V V |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
+-----+ Retrieving | Retrieved | Enrollment +---+
,->| Profile +--/Apply Profile-->| Successful |
/ | | |(monitoring)|<--.
Timeout +--+---------+ +--+----+----+ :
/Retry ; ^ | : ;
`------' | NOTIFY w. Cont.Ind | `-------'
+---/Retrieve Profile-----+ NOTIFY w. Profile
/Apply Profile
profile-type || device | user | local-network
=============================================
vendor || m | m | m
model || m | m | m
version || m | m | m
effective-by || | |
profile-type || device | user | local-network
=============================================
vendor || | |
model || | |
version || | |
effective-by || o | o | o
+----------------------+
+--------+ | SIP Service Provider |
| Device | | |
|(SIP UA)| | SIP PDS HTTP |
+--------+ | PROXY Server |
| |
+----------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
| SUBSCRIBE | | |
(SReq)|--------device profile--------->| | |
| |------>| |
| |200 OK | |
| 200 OK |<------| |
(SRes)|<-------------------------------| | |
| | | |
| | NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY (Content Indirection)|<------| |
(NTFY)|<-------------------------------| | |
| 200 OK | | |
(NRes)|------------------------------->|200 OK | |
| |------>| |
| |
| |
| |
|<<<<<<<<<<<<< TLS establishment >>>>>>>>>>>>>|
| |
| HTTP Request |
(XReq)|---------------------------------------------->|
| |
| HTTP Response |
(XRes)|<----------------------------------------------|
| |
----- -----
|User |_________| UI* | * = User Interface
| X | | |
----- -----
/ \
/ \
/ \ +----------------------+
+--------+ +--------+ | SIP Service Provider |
| Device | | Device | | |
| A | | B | | SIP PDS HTTP |
+--------+ +--------+ | PROXY Server |
+----------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
(A-EX)|<=Enrolls for User X's profile=>|<=====>| |
| | | |
| |
(A-RX)|<===Retrieves User X's profile================>|
| |
| | | | |
| | Enrolls for | | |
| (B-EX)|<== User X's ==>|<=====>| |
| | profile | | |
| | | | |
| | |
| (B-RX)|<= Retrieves User X's profile=>|
| |
| | |
| (HPut)|---------------------->|
| | |
| (HRes)|<----------------------|
| |
| | | |
| | NOTIFY| |
| NOTIFY |<------| |
(A-NT)|<-------------------------------| | |
| 200 OK | | |
(A-RS)|------------------------------->|200 OK | |
| |------>| |
| |
| | | NOTIFY| |
| | NOTIFY |<------| |
| (B-NT)|<---------------| | |
| | 200 OK | | |
| (B-RS)|--------------->|200 OK | |
| | |------>| |
| |
| |
(A-RX)|<===Retrieves User X's profile================>|
| |
| | |
| | |
| (B-RX)|<= Retrieves User X's profile=>|
| | |
Destination NAT
| | | | | | Port-| | |
| | | | UPnP | UPnP | pres.| Seq. | |
| | Addr.| Port | Port | Port | Port-| Port-| Port-| Addr
Source NAT| Cone | rest.| rest.| rest.| symm.| symm.| symm.| symm.| symm
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Cone | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Address | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS | SNS | SNS | SNS | No
restricted| | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | SNS+ | SNS+ | No | No
restricted| | | | | | PP | SS | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
UPnP Port-| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | SNS+ | No | No | No | No
restricted| | | | | UPnP | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
UPnP Port | SNS | SNS | No | SNS+ | SNS+ | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | UPnP | UPnP | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port- | | | SNS | | | SNS | SNS | |
preserving| SNS | SNS | + | No | No | + | + | No | No
Port- | | | PP | | | PP | SS | |
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Sequential| | | SNS | | | | | |
Port- | SNS | SNS | + | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | SS | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Port- | SNS | SNS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
Address- | SNS | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No
symmetric | | | | | | | | |
----------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
--------------------------------------------
/ \
< IPv6 Internet >
\ /
-|----------------------------------------|-
| |
+----------+ +----------+
| Teredo | | Teredo |
| Server 1 | | Server 2 |
+----------+ +----------+
203.0.113.120| 198.51.100.118|
-|----------------------------------------|-
/ \
< IPv4 Internet >
\ /
-|----------------------------------------|-
192.0.2.1| 192.0.2.10|
UDP port 4096| UDP port 8192|
+---------+ +----------+
|Symmetric| |Other type|
| NAT | | of NAT |
+---------+ +----------+
| |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Teredo client A | | Teredo client B |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
2001:0:cb00:7178:0:efff:3fff:fdfe 2001:0:c633:6476:0:dfff:3fff:fdf5
Teredo Address Teredo Address
--------------------------------------------
/ \
< IPv6 Internet >
\ /
--------------------|-----------------------
|
+----------+
| Teredo |
| Server |
+----------+
203.0.113.120|
--------------------|-----------------------
/ \
< IPv4 Internet >
\ /
--------------------|-----------------------
198.51.100.118|
NAT +-------+
without | NAT |
hairpinning | E |
support +-------+
|
+------------------+--------------------+
192.168.1.0| 192.168.1.1|
UDP port 4095| UDP port 4096|
+---------+ +----------+
| NAT | | NAT |
| F | | G |
+---------+ +----------+
| |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Teredo client A | | Teredo client B |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
2001:0:cb00:7178:0:f000:39cc:9b89 2001:0:cb00:7178:0:efff:39cc:9b89
Teredo Address Teredo Address
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
| | |Indirect Bubble to A via A's Teredo Server|
|<-----------------|<-----------------------------------------| 4
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
5 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
6 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 7
| | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
2 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 3
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
| |<--------------------------------------------------| 4
| | | | | |
| | |Indirect Bubble to A via A's Teredo Server|
|<-----------------|<-----------------------------------------| 5
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
6 |--------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
7 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
|Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server| | |
8 |----------------------------------------->|----------------->|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 9
| | | | | |
Teredo A's A's B's
Client Primary Secondary Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server Server NAT B
| | | | | | |
| Direct Bubble to B | | | | |
1 |-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | | |
|Router Solicitation | | | | |
2 |------------------->| | | | |
| | | | | | |
|Router Advertisement| | | | |
|<-------------------| 3 | | | |
| | | | | | |
4 | Direct Bubble to B | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | | | |
| Router Solicitation | | | |
5 |---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| Router Advertisement | | | |
|<----------------------------| 6 | | |
| | | | | | |
| Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server | | |
7 |------------------------------------------->|-------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | Direct Bubble to A |
| |<-------------------------------------------------| 8
| | | | | | |
| | | | Indirect Bubble to A |
|<-------------------|<--------------------------------------| 9
| | | | | | |
| | | | Direct Bubble to A |
|<-----------------------------------------------------------| 10
| | | | | | |
| Direct Bubble to B | | | |
11 |----------------------------------------------------------->|
Teredo Teredo Client A's Client B's
Client NAT Client NAT NAT Teredo Teredo
A F B G E Server Server
| | | | | | |
| | Direct Bubble to B | | | |
1 |-------------------------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| Indirect Bubble to B via B's Teredo Server |
2 |----------------------------------------------------------->|
| | |<----------------------------------------|
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
3 | | |------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct | | | |
| | |Bubble to A| | | |
4 | | |---------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Direct | | | |
| | |Bubble to A| | | |
5 | | |---------->| | | |
|<-----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | Indirect Bubble to A | |
6 | | |---------------------------->| |
|<-----------------------------------------------| |
| | | | | | |
|Direct Bubble to B| | | | |
7 |----------------->| | | | |
| | | | | | |
Teredo Client A's Client B's Teredo
Client Teredo Teredo Client
A NAT Server Server NAT B
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to B | | |
1 |------------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
| | | Direct Bubble to A | | |
|<------------------------------------------------------------| 2
| | | | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+
| Jari Arkko | Ran Atkinson |
| Fred Baker | Norbert Bollow |
| Cameron Byrne | Brian Carpenter |
| Remi Despres | Arnaud Ebalard |
| Fabrice Fontaine | Jun-ichiro "itojun" Hagino |
| Thomas Herbst | Christian Huitema |
| Joel Jaeggli | Cullen Jennings |
| Suresh Krishnan | Erik Kline |
| Julien Laganier | Kurt Erik Lindqvist |
| Mohamed Boucadair | Keith Moore |
| Robert Moskowitz | Teemu Savolainen |
| Hemant Singh | Yaron Sheffer |
| Mark Townsley | Iljitsch van Beijnum |
| Magnus Westerlund | Dan Wing |
+-------------------+----------------------------+
Module udmcore : Module hardware-entities
:
equipment :
Holder :
0..* :
+-------+ :
| | :
+---------------+ +---------+ | :
|ManagedHardware|<|-+-|Equipment|<>--+ :
+---------------+ | | Holder |0..1 : +-------+
| | |<|---------+--|Chassis|
| +---------+ : | +-------+
| <> : |
| |0..* equipment : | +---------+
| | Holder : '--|Container|
| | : +---------+
| |0..* equipment :
| | :
| | equipment :
| | 0..* :
| | +-------+ :
| | | | :
| +---------+ | :
'-|Equipment|<>--+ : +--------+
| |<|---------+--|HWModule|
+---------+ : | +--------+
compositeEquipment : |
: | +---------+
: |--|Backplane|
: +---------+
+----+ notification +----+ notification +----+
| MN |<================>| FA |<=============>| HA |
+----+ +----+ +----+
+----+ notification +----+
| MN |<===================================>| HA |
+----+ +----+
Figure 2: HA directly notifies MN or MN directly notifies HA
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
Application Data <-------> Application Data
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
[change cipher spec]
<-------- Finished
change cipher spec
Finished -------->
Application Data <-------> Application Data
Block Allow
+------+ incoming +---------+ incoming +--------+
|Host | RA | L2 | RA | Router |
| |----------------| device |--------------| |
+------+ +----+----+ +--------+
|
|Block
|incoming
|RA
|
|
|
+---+---+
| Host |
| |
+-------+
ICAP ICAP Message Customer
Browser Proxy Client Server Service Internet DB
| HTTP | | | | | |
| GET | Proxy | | | | |
+------->| Request | | | | |
| +---------|---------|--------|------->| |
| | | | | 200 OK | |
| |<--------|---------|--------|--------+ |
| | ICAP | | | | |
| | RESPMOD | ICAP | | | |
| +-------->| RESPMOD | Check | | |
| | +-------->| Cache | | |
| | | | for IP | | |
| | | | Match | | |
| | | +------->| | |
| | | | Cache | | |
| | | | Miss | | |
| | | |<-------+ Request| |
| | | 204 No | | Type | |
| | | Modif. | +--------|------->|
| | | Needed | | | |
| | No |<--------+ | | Type |
| | Insert | | | |Returned|
| 200 OK |<--------+ | |<-------|--------+
| w/o | | | | | |
| Insert | | | | | |
|<-------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | |
ICAP ICAP Message Customer
Browser Proxy Client Server Service Internet DB
| HTTP | | | | | |
| GET | Proxy | | | | |
+------->| Request | | | | |
| +---------|---------|--------|------->| |
| | | | | 200 OK | |
| |<--------|---------|--------|--------+ |
| | ICAP | | | | |
| | RESPMOD | ICAP | | | |
| +-------->| RESPMOD | Check | | |
| | +-------->| Cache | | |
| | | | for IP | | |
| | | | Match | | |
| | | +------->| | |
| | | | Cache | | |
| | | | Hit | | |
| | | Insert |<-------+ | |
| | Return | Type | | | |
| | 200 OK |<--------+ | | |
| | with | | | | |
| | Insert | | | | |
| 200 OK |<--------+ | | | |
| w/ | | | | | |
| Notify | | | | | |
|<-------+ | | | | |
| | | | | | |
+-------------+ +------------+
| +--+ | | |
| |AP| | PEC | |
+----+ | +--+ | messages & | +---+ +--+ | +----+
|user|<-->| |<------------->| |InP| |DP| |<-->|user|
+----+ | +--+ +---+ | notifications | +---+ +--+ | +----+
| |DP| |InP| | | |
| +--+ +---+ | | |
+-------------+ +------------+
PEC PEC
sender receiver
provider provider
+----------------+
| YANG module(s) |
+----------------+
|
|T
|
+------------------------------------+
| hybrid schema |
+------------------------------------+
/ | | \
/ | | \
Tg/ Tr| |Tn \
/ | | \
+---------+ +-----+ +-------+ +------+
|get reply| | rpc | | notif | | .... |
+---------+ +-----+ +-------+ +------+
+----------------------------+
| Step 1: Read this document |
+----------------------------+
|
V
+-------------------------------+
| Step 2: Write R-D and submit |
+-------------------------------+
|
V
+--------------------------------------------+
| Step 3: Announce R-D and solicit feedback |<--+
+--------------------------------------------+ |
| |
V |
.^. |
. . |
+------------+ . Feed- . +------------+
| Update R-D |<---------< back >------------>| Update R-D |
| and submit | non-sub- . results . substantial | and submit |
+------------+ stantial . in: . changes +------------+
| changes . . needed
| needed Y
| | no changes needed
| V
| +-----------------------------+
+-------->| Step 4: Submit R-D to IANA |
+-----------------------------+
:
:
V
:
:
V
+-----------------------+
| Step 5: Expert Review |<-------------+
+-----------------------+ |
| |
V |
.^. |
. . |
.---------. . Expert . +------------+
( Bad luck! )<-------- < Review >------------>| Update R-D |
`---------' experts . results . changes | and submit |
reject . in: . required +------------+
. .
Y
| experts approve
V
+-----------------------------------+
| Step 6: Publication of R-D |
+-----------------------------------+
|
V
+---------------------------------------------+
| Step 7: Adding Enumservice to IANA Registry |
+---------------------------------------------+
example.net <--------------> im.example.com
^ ^
| |
v v
romeo@example.net juliet@im.example.com
+---------------------+
| open TCP connection |
+---------------------+
|
v
+---------------+
| send initial |<-------------------------+
| stream header | ^
+---------------+ |
| |
v |
+------------------+ |
| receive response | |
| stream header | |
+------------------+ |
| |
v |
+----------------+ |
| receive stream | |
+------------------>| features | |
^ {OPTIONAL} +----------------+ |
| | |
| v |
| +<-----------------+ |
| | |
| {empty?} ----> {all voluntary?} ----> {some mandatory?} |
| | no | no | |
| | yes | yes | yes |
| | v v |
| | +---------------+ +----------------+ |
| | | MAY negotiate | | MUST negotiate | |
| | | any or none | | one feature | |
| | +---------------+ +----------------+ |
| v | | |
| +---------+ v | |
| | DONE |<----- {negotiate?} | |
| +---------+ no | | |
| yes | | |
| v v |
| +--------->+<---------+ |
| | |
| v |
+<-------------------------- {restart mandatory?} ------------>+
no yes
Requesting Responding
Entity Entity
---------- ----------
| |
| <iq id='1' type='get'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| -------------------------> |
| |
| <iq id='1' type='result'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| <------------------------- |
| |
| <iq id='2' type='set'> |
| [ ... payload ... ] |
| </iq> |
| -------------------------> |
| |
| <iq id='2' type='error'> |
| [ ... condition ... ] |
| </iq> |
| <------------------------- |
| |
+--------+ +--------+
| | EAP-EKE-ID/Request | |
| EAP |<------------------------------------| EAP |
| peer | | server |
| (P) | EAP-EKE-ID/Response | (S) |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Commit/Request | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Commit/Response | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Confirm/Request | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
| | | |
| | EAP-EKE-Confirm/Response | |
| |------------------------------------>| |
| | | |
| | EAP-Success | |
| |<------------------------------------| |
+--------+ +--------+
+----+ +---------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +------IPv4-------------| IPv4 Internet |
+----+ +---------------+
<---private v4--->NAT<--------------public v4----------------->
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +------IPv4---------+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
one frac addr one public addr
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +-----p2p link------+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<---private v4---> NAT <----public v4--->
(distributed,
over a p2p link)
one frac addr one public addr
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host(s)-----+ GW +======tunnel=======+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<---private v4---> NAT <----public v4--->
(distributed,
over a tunnel)
IPv6-only network
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host--------+ GW +=======tunnel========+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
+----+ +-------------+
IPv6 host-----+ | +------------------+IPv6 Internet|
| +---IPv6-----+ +-------------+
dual-stack host-+ GW |
| | +---+ +-------------+
IPv4 host-----+ +===v4-over-v6 tunnel====+CGN+--+IPv4 Internet|
+----+ +---+ +-------------+
<-----------private v4 (partially in tunnel)-->NAT<---public v4---->
<-----------------------------public v6---------------------------->
+----+ +-------------+
| +------------------+IPv6 Internet+
| | +-------------+
IPv6 host-----------------+ GW |
| | +-------------+
| +------------------+IPv4 Internet+
+----+ +-------------+
<-------------------------public v6----------------------------->
<-------public v6--------->NAT<----------public v4-------------->
+----+
IPv6 host(s)-------(Internet)-----+ GW +------Private IPv4 servers
+----+
<---------public v6--------------->NAT<------private v4---------->
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | ...
| |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|-------------------- ...
|---------- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO () | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | |
| |
HELLO () |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO (a) | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (a, b) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO (a, b, c) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, b, c, d) | |
| |
HELLO (a, b, c, d, e) |
|
HELLO (a, b, c, d, e, f)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
REFRESH_INTERVAL: |-------------------|---------- ...
|-------------------|----- ...
|-------------------| ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | |
HELLO () | | | | | |
| | | | | |
HELLO (a) | | | | |
| | | | |
HELLO (b) | | | |
| | | | ...
HELLO (c) | | |
| | |
HELLO (a, d) | |
| |
HELLO (b, e) |
|
HELLO (c, f)
L_time: |-----------------------------|
|------------------------- ...
|-------------------- ...
|--------------- ...
|---------- ...
|----- ...
| ...
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
| | | | Time up to which
HELLO message | | | received HELLO
transmission | | | message content
| | | is valid.
| | |
| | Time before which all
| | neighbor information must
| | be transmitted in HELLO
| | messages (one or more)
| |
| Latest time for next HELLO message
| transmission
|
Earliest time for next HELLO message
transmission
VALIDITY_TIME: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_HEARD_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_SYM_time: *-| (i.e., expired)
L_SYM_time: |--------------------------|
Time: -*-----*--------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
HELLO () received |
|
HELLO (a:HEARD) received
VALIDITY_TIME: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_HEARD_time: |--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
|--------------------------|
L_SYM_time: *-| (i.e., expired)
|--------------------------|
*-| (i.e., expired)
Time: -*-----*-----*--------------------------------->
^ ^ ^
| | |
HELLO () received | |
| |
HELLO (a:HEARD) received |
|
HELLO (a:LOST) received
Time: ---*---------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly symmetric 1-hop neighbor |
ceases to be symmetric on this |
MANET interface |
|
Time up to which network addresses of
this neighbor connected using this MANET
interface are advertised in HELLO
messages on this MANET interface
using a LINK_STATUS TLV, Value = LOST
Time: ---*---------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly symmetric 1-hop neighbor |
ceases to be symmetric |
|
Time up to which network addresses of
this neighbor are advertised in HELLO
messages on all MANET interfaces
using an OTHER_NEIGHB TLV,
Value = LOST
Time: ---*----------------------------------->
^ ^
| |
Formerly used local interface |
network address ceases to be |
assigned to a local interface |
|
Time up to which this network
address is excluded from being
included in this router's 2-Hop Set
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3}
| | | {1}--------{2}--------{3}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2,4} {3}
| | | {1}-------{2,4}-------{3}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3,4} +----{3}
| | | {1}--------{2}---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1,5} {2,6} {3,4} +----{3}
| | | {1,5}------{2,6}--+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +--'--+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3} +----{3}
| | | {1}--------{2}---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +----{4}
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|
{4}
__________
| |
{1} {2} +-----+
| | {1}-------| {2} |------{4}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ | {5} |
| A | | B | | C | +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| |
{5} {4}
|__________|
__________ __________
| | |
{1} {2} {3} +-----+ +----{3}
| | | {1}-------| {2} |---+
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ | {5} | +----{4}
| A | | B | | C | +-----+
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| |
{5} {4}
|__________|
__________ __________
| | | +-----+
{1} {2} {3} {1}-------| {2} |--------{3}
| | | | {5} |
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | {2} |
{6} {5} {6}-------| {5} |--------{3}
|__________| +-----+
__________ __________
| | | +-----+ +----{3}
{1} {2} {3} {1}-------| {2} |---+
| | | | {5} | +----{4}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+
| A | | B | | C |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | | {2} | +----{3}
{6} {5} {4} {6}-------| {5} |---+
|__________|__________| +-----+ +----{4}
+--{9}
__________ __________ +------|
| | | +-----+ | +--{10}
{1,2} {5,6} {9,10} {1,2}--|{5,6}|---+
| | | |{7,8}| | +--{11}
+--'--+ +--'--+ +-----+ +-----+ +------|
| A | | B | | C | +--{12}
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | +--{9}
| | | +-----+ +------|
| | | |{5,6}| | +--{10}
{3,4} {7,8} {11,12} {3,4}--|{7,8}|---+
|__________|__________| +-----+ | +--{11}
+------|
+--{12}
__________ __________
| _____| |
{1} | {2} {3} {1}--------{2}---------{3}
| | | |
+--'--+ | +--'--+ +-----+
| A | | | B | | C |
+-----+ | +-----+ +-----+
| |
{6} | {6}--------{2}---------{3}
|____|
Operator Operator Operator
(C) |<--------->|<---------->|<-------->|
OAM Domain OAM Domain OAM Domain
|<------------- VPWS1 <AC11,PW1,AC12> ------------>|
| |
| +----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |==================| | +----+
| |---AC11---| |.......PW1........| |--AC12----| |
| CE1| |PE1 | | PE2| |CE2 |
| |---AC21---| |.......PW2........| |--AC22----| |
+----+ | |==================| | +----+
| +----+ PSN Tunnel +----+ |
| |
|<------------- VPWS2 <AC21,PW2,AC22> ------------>|
Customer OAM Domain
(A) |<-------------------------------------------------->|
Service Provider (SP) OAM Domain
(B) |<------------------------------------------------>|
SP OAM SP OAM SP OAM
(C) |<--------->|<----------------------->|<---------->|
Domain Domain Domain
Operator Operator Operator
(D) |<--------->|<----------------------->|<---------->|
OAM Domain OAM Domain OAM Domain
+------------------+
| Opened/Closed (X)|
+------------------+
|
|
V
+--------------+
/-----------------------| Reopened |<-------------------\
| | |----------\ |
| +--------------+ | |
| ^ | |
| | | |
| V | |
| +-------------------+ | |
| | Superseded (X) | | |
| | or Inactive (X) | | |
| /----------------->| or Cancelled (X) |<---\ | |
| | +-------------------+ | | |
| | ^ | | |
| | | | V |
| | +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | /---------| Opened |----/ | Solved |-----\ |
| | | | |---------------->| | | |
| | | +--------+ +--------+ | |
| | | | ^ | |
V | V | | | |
+---------+ | | | |
| |----------(|)-------------------------/ V V
| Updated | | +------------+
| |----------(|)---------------------------->| |
+---------+ | | Closed (X) |
\----------------------------->| |
+------------+
Provider-Edge Interfaces
x x x
| | |
+--------------------+---+--------+----------+ E
| | | | | n
| I | | .... | | t
| n +---+---+--------+---+ | e
| t | +--------+ /| | r
| e I x----+ | Host | I /*+------+--< p I
| r n | |Function| n|**| | r n
| n t | +--------+ t|**| | i t
| a e x----+ V e|**+------+--< s e
| l r . | E r|**| . | e r
| f . | T f|**| . | f
| V a . | +--------+ a|**| . | I a
| i c . | | Router | c|**| . | n c
| r e x----+ |Function| e \*+------+--< t e
| t s | +--------+ \| | e s
| u +---+---+--------+---+ | r
| a | | .... | | i
| l | | | | o
+--------------------+---+--------+----------+ r
| | |
x x x
Enterprise-Edge Interfaces
EID RLOC EID
PA Spaces PI
Allocation Registration
.-------------------------------. ^
/ Internet Commons \ |
| .---------------------------. | |
2001:DB8::/40 | / Enterprise A \ | 2001:DB8:10::/56
| |/ 10.1/16 \ | ^
| || .-------------------------. || |
V || / Enterprise A.1 \ || |
2001:DB8::/48 || | 10.1/16 | || 2001:DB8:11::/56
|| \_________________________/ / |
| \ / |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| .---------------------------. |
| / Enterprise B \ |
2001:DB8:100::/40 | | 10.1/16 | | 2001:DB8:12::/56
| \____________________________/ |
\ /
\_______________________________/
_.--------------------._
_.---'' -.
,--'' ,---. `---.
,-' X5 X6 .---.. `-.
,\' ,.X1-.. / \ ,' `. `.
,\' ,' `. .' E2 '. X8 Em \ `.
/ / \ | ,--. | / _,.._ \ \
/ / E1 \ | Y3 `. | | / Y7 | \
; | ___ | | ` W Y4 |... | `Y6 ,' | :
| | ,-' `. X2 | `--' | | `'' | |
: | | V Y2 | \ _ / | | ;
\ | `-Y1,,' | \ .' Y5 / \ ,-Y8'`- / /
\ \ / \ \_' / X9 `. ,'/ /
`. \ X3 `.__,,' `._ Y9'',' ,'
` `._ _,' ___.......X7_ `---' ,'
` `---' ,-' `-. -'
`---. `. E3 Z _' _.--'
`-----. \---.......---' _.---''
`----------------''
ISP
-------|----- Wksta Wksta
| Firewall |_____________|____________|
| NAT |
-------------
ISP
|
+------|-----+
| <|--
| VET2 < |
| <|---
| |
| | Server Server
| VET1 <|--------|-----------|-------
| |
| +--------+ | Wksta Wksta
| |Firewall| |_____________|____________|
| | NAT | |
| +--------+ |
+------------+
ISP
|
+------|-----+
| <|------------London
| VET2 < |
| <|--------------------New York
| |
| | Server Server
| VET1 <|--------|-----------|-------
| |
| +--------+ | Wksta Wksta
| |Firewall| |_____________|____________|
| | NAT | |
| +--------+ |
+------------+
+------+
| IPv6 |
|Server|
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | S1 |
" " +--+---+
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " |
" . . . . . . " |
" . +----+ v +----+ v +----+ +----+ +-----+-------+
" . | V += e =+ Y1 += e =+ X2 += =+ R2 +==+ Internet |
" . +-+--+ t +----+ t +----+ +----+ +-----+-------+
" . | 1 . . 2 . . . " |
" . H . . . . v . " |
" . . . . . . . . . . . e . " +--+---+
" . t . " | IPv4 |
" . . . . . . , . 3 . " |Server|
" . +----+ v +----+ . " | S2 |
" . | Z += e =+ X7 += . " +------+
" . +-+--+ t +----+ . "
" . | 4 . . . "
" . J . . . . . "
" . . . . . . . "
" "
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " "
IPv4 App A IPv4 App B
_____________ _____________
|_TCP or UDP__| |_TCP or UDP__|
|____IPv4_____| |____IPv4_____|
______|______ _______|_____
/ \ / \
| IPv4-Only | | IPv4-Only |
| Site 1 | | Site 2 |
\_____________/ \_____________/
______|______ ______|_______
|____IPv4_____| _____________ |____IPv4_____|
|NAT-PT-equiv_| / \ |NAT-PT-equiv_|
|_TCP or UDP__| | Internet | |_TCP or UDP__|
|____IPv6_____| | (RANGER) | |____IPv6_____|
|__VET/SEAL___| \_____________/ |__VET/SEAL___|
\_______________/ \___________/
IPv4 App A IPv4 App B
_____________ _____________ _____________
|_TCP or UDP__| / \ |_TCP or UDP__|
|____BIS______| | Internet | |____BIS______|
|____IPv6_____| | (RANGER) | |____IPv6_____|
|__VET/SEAL___| \_____________/ |__VET/SEAL___|
\_______________/ \___________/
Aircraft - - - - - - ,.- - - - - -.- - ->
. , . . +------+
. , . . | IPv6 |
. , . . |Server|
" ." " " ", "" " " ." " " " " .? " " " " " | S1 |
" . , . . " +--+---+
" . , . . " |
" . ... . . . . . +----+ " |
" . . . . . =+ X3 + " |
" . v +--- + . v . . v +----+ ? |
" . e =+ Y1 + . e . . e . +----+ +--------+
" . t +----+ . t +----+ . t . =+-R2-+==+Internet|
" . 1 . . 2 =+ X2 + . 3 . +----+ +--------+
" . . . +----+ . . " |
" . . . . . . . " +------+
" <ACSP1> <ACSP2> <ANSP> " | IPv4 |
" " |Server|
" - - vet4 - - " | S2 |
" " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " | S2 |
<-- Aero Enterprise Network --> +------+
+------+
| IPv6 |
|Server|
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | S1 |
" Law Enforcement Enterprise Network " +--+---+
" 2001:DB8:10::/56 (PI) ----------------> " |
" . . . . . . . +--- + . . . . " |
" . =+ X3 +===========. . " +-----+-------+
" . +----+ v +--- + . v +----+ | +
" . | V += e . . . . e =+ R2 +==+ |
" . +-+--+ t . . +----+ t +----+ | |
" . | 3 . . vet2 + X4 += 1 . " | |
" . H1 . . +----+ . " | |
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " | |
" <L1.2> <L1.1> <L1> " | |
" 10/8 10/8 10/8 " | |
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " | Internet |
| |
" " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " | |
" USDA Forest Service Enterprise Network " | |
" <----------------- 2001:DB8::/40 (PA) " | |
" . . . . . . . +--- + . . . . " | |
" . =+ X1 +===========. . " | |
" . +----+ v +--- + . v +----+ | |
" . | J += e . . . . e =+ R1 +==+ |
" . +-+--+ t . . +----+ t +----+ | |
" . | 6 . . vet5 + X2 += 4 . " +-----+-------+
" . H2 . . +----+ . " |
" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " +--+---+
" <F1.2> <F1.1> <F1> " | IPv4 |
" 10/8 10/8 10/8 " |Server|
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " " " " " " | S2 |
+--+---+
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ \
( IPv4 Internet )
-...________________________________________...-
| / | \ |
| / | \ |
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ \
( Aero Overlay )
-...________________________________________...-
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
_...-------.._ _...-------.._ _...-------.._
/ \ / \ / \
( ACSP1 ) ( ANSP ) ( ACSP2 )
-...________...- -...________...- -...________...-
_...--------------------------------------..._
/ (B) (D) \
( Aero Overlay (IPv4) )
-...________________________________________...-
. . .
(A) (C) .
. . .
_...------------------------.._ (E)
/ \ .
/ (F) \ .
( [H] ACSP (IPv6) ) .
\ (G) / .
\...__________________________... .
.
_...------------------------.._
/ \
/ (M) (N) \
( ANSP (IPv6) )
\ [S] /
\...__________________________...
Internet SSP SIP-PBX
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |Contact:<sip:198.51.100.3;bnc> |
| |<--------------------------------|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |-------------------------------->|
| | |
|(3) INVITE | |
|sip:+12145550105@ssp.example.com| |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| |(4) INVITE |
| |sip:+12145550105@198.51.100.3 |
| |-------------------------------->| (1) The SIP-PBX registers with the SSP for a range of AORs.
Internet SSP SIP-PBX
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |Path:<sip:pbx@198.51.100.3;lr> |
| |Contact:<sip:pbx.example;bnc> |
| |<--------------------------------|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |-------------------------------->|
| | |
|(3) INVITE | |
|sip:+12145550105@ssp.example.com| |
|------------------------------->| |
| | |
| |(4) INVITE |
| |sip:+12145550105@pbx.example |
| |Route:<sip:pbx@198.51.100.3;lr> |
| |-------------------------------->| (1) The SIP-PBX registers with the SSP for a range of AORs.
It includes the form of the URI it expects to receive in the
Request URI in its "Contact" header field, and it includes
information that routes to the SIP-PBX in the "Path" header
field.
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<-----------------(5) 4xx-------------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<------------(5) 200 OK SDP4----------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
| |
|<------------(6) UPDATE SDP5----------------|
| |
|-------------(7) 200 OK SDP6--------------->|
| |
|<---------------(8) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|------------------(9) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
|-------------(6) UPDATE SDP5--------------->|
| |
|<------------(7) 200 OK SDP6----------------|
| |
| |
|<------------(8) UPDATE SDP7----------------|
| |
|-------------(9) 200 OK SDP8--------------->|
| |
|<--------------(10) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|-----------------(11) ACK------------------>|
| |
| | |
|----(1) INVITE SDP1-->| |
| |----(2) INVITE SDP1-->|
| | |
| |<----(3) 183 SDP2-----| a:sendrecv
a:sendrecv |<----(4) 183 SDP2-----| | v:recvonly
v:sendonly | | |
| |<------(5) 4xx -------|
| |-------(6) ACK ------>| a:sendrecv
| +-(7) 4xx -| | v:inactive
| | |<---(8) UPDATE SDP3---|
|<---(9) UPDATE SDP3---| |
| | | |
a:sendonly |---(10) 200 OK SDP4-->| |
v:inactive | | |---(11) 200 OK SDP4-->| a:recvonly
|<-(7) 4xx -+ | | v:inactive
a:sendrecv |------(12) ACK ------>| |
v:inactive | | |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
| Number | Name | References |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
| 0 | Raw | (this document) |
| 1 | CopyRect | (this document) |
| 2 | RRE | (this document) |
| 5 | Hextile | (this document) |
| 16 | ZRLE | (this document) |
| -239 | Cursor pseudo-encoding | (this document) |
| -223 | DesktopSize | (this document) |
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| 4 | CoRRE | (historic |
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| 7 | tight | (historic |
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| 15 | TRLE | (this document) |
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| 1024 to 1099 | RealVNC | (historic |
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| -1 to -222 | tight options | (historic |
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| -224 to -238 | tight options | (historic |
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| -240 to -256 | tight options | (historic |
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| -257 to -272 | Anthony Liguori | (historic |
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| -273 to -304 | VMWare | (historic |
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| -412 to -512 | TurboVNC fine-grained | (historic |
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| -763 to -768 | TurboVNC subsampling level | (historic |
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| 0x574d5600 to | VMWare | (historic |
| 0x574d56ff | | assignment) |
+-------------------+----------------------------+------------------+
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \\ //
\\ // -----------
--------
<====
--------
// \\ ----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\ / \\ //
\\ // ----------
--------
====>
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
-----------
<====
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| Network +----+ Internet | Translator
| |DNS | | DNS: DNS46
\ +----+ /
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
----------
=====>
--------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
====>
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv6/IPv4
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \ /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Internet | XLAT: IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS46
\ / \ /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
====>
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateless IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | (address | Translator
\ +----+ subset) / DNS: DNS64/DNS46
\ / \\ //
\\ // ----------
--------
<====>
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateless IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | (address | Translator
\ +----+ subset) / DNS: DNS64/DNS46
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====>
--------
// \\ -----------
/ \ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| The IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Internet +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\ / \\ //
\\ // -----------
--------
<====
-----------
---------- // \\
// \\ / \
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ The IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Internet | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \ /
--------- \\ //
-----------
<====
-------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| |
| An IPv4 +----+ An IPv6 |
| Network +----+ Network | XLAT: Stateful IPv4/IPv6
| |DNS | | Translator
\ +----+ / DNS: DNS64
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
<====
-----------------------------------------
| Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation |
-----------------------------------------
|| ||
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| || stateless and stateful || |
| -------------------- --------------------- |
| |Address Translation | <======== | IP/ICMP Translation | |
| -------------------- --------------------- |
| /\ /\ |
| || ------------------||------------ |
| || | stateful \/ |
| ----------------- | --------------------- |
| | DNS64/DNS46 | | | Table Maintenance | |
| ----------------- | --------------------- |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
/\ /\
|| ||
----------------- --------------------
| FTP ALG | | Others |
----------------- --------------------
----------------------
////// \\\\\\
/// IPv4 or Dual Stack \\\
|| +----+ Routing +-----+ ||
| |IPv4| |IPv4+| |
| |Host| |IPv6 | |
|| +----+ |Host | ||
\\\ +-----+ ///
\\\\\----+----+-+-----+ +----+-/////
|XLAT|-|DNS64|-|FTP |
| |-|DNS46|-|ALG |
/////----+----+ +-----+ +----+-\\\\\
/// \\\
|| +-----+ +----+ ||
| |IPv4+| |IPv6| |
| |IPv6 | |Host| |
|| |Host | +----+ ||
\\\ +-----+ IPv6-only Routing ///
\\\\\\ //////
----------------------
--------- ---------
// \\ // \\
/ +----+ \
| |XLAT| | XLAT: IP/ICMP
| IPv4 +----+ IPv6 | Translator
| Domain | | Domain |
| | | |
\ | | /
\\ // \\ //
-------- ---------
+--------------+ +--------------+
| IPv4 network | | IPv6 network |
| | +-------+ | |
| +----+ |-----| XLAT |---- | +----+ |
| | H4 |-----| +-------+ |--| H6 | |
| +----+ | | +----+ |
+--------------+ +--------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +-------------+ | network |
| |--| Name server |--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------------+ | | H2 | |
| | H1 |---| | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
|2001:db8::1|------| NAT64 |----| |
| | +-------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+-----------------------------+
| |
V |
V6 +------+ V4 |
+----SYN------|CLOSED|-----SYN------+ |
| +------+ | |
| ^ | |
| |TCP_TRANS T.O. | |
V | V |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
|V6 INIT| | TRANS | |V4 INIT| |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
| | ^ | |
| data pkt | | |
| | V4 or V6 RST | |
| | TCP_EST T.O. | |
V4 SYN V | V6 SYN |
| +--------------+ | |
+--------->| ESTABLISHED |<---------+ |
+--------------+ |
| | |
V4 FIN V6 FIN |
| | |
V V |
+---------+ +----------+ |
| V4 FIN | | V6 FIN | |
| RCV | | RCV | |
+---------+ +----------+ |
| | |
V6 FIN V4 FIN TCP_TRANS
| | T.O.
V V |
+---------------------+ |
| V4 FIN + V6 FIN RCV |--------------------+
+---------------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| | +-------------+
| i2 (IPv6)+-----------------+IPv6 Internet|
+---------------+ +-------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| | +-------------+
| i2 (IPv4)+-----------------+IPv4 Internet|
+---------------+ +-------------+
+---------------+ +-------------+
| i1 (IPv6)+----NAT64--------+IPv4 Internet|
| | +-------------+
| host |
| |
| i2 (IPv4)+---(local LAN only)
+---------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +-------------+ | Internet |
| |--| Name server |--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +-------------+ | | H2 | |
| | H1 |---| | | +----+ |
| +----+ | +------------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
| |---| IPv6/IPv4 |--| |
| | | Translator | | |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+---------------------+ +---------------+
|IPv6 network | | IPv4 |
| | +--------+ | Internet |
| |-----| Name |----| |
| +-----+ | | server | | +----+ |
| | H1 | | +--------+ | | H2 | |
| |with |---| | | +----+ |
| |DNS64| | +------------+ | 192.0.2.1 |
| +----+ |---| IPv6/IPv4 |--| |
| | | Translator | | |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | |
+---------------------+ +---------------+
+-----------+ +----------------------+
| | | IPv4 site |
| IPv6 | +------------+ | +----+ |
| Internet |----| IPv6/IPv4 |--|---| H2 | |
| | | Translator | | +----+ |
| | +------------+ | |
| | | | 192.0.2.1 |
| | +------------+ | |
| |----| Name server|--| |
| | | with DNS64 | | |
+-----------+ +------------+ | |
| | | |
+----+ | |
| H1 | +----------------------+
+----+
+--------+
| DHCP | +--------------+
| Server |-...-| DSLAM |
| | | Relay Agent |
+--------+ +--------------+
| |
+------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Node1| |Node2| |Node3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
UAC Proxy UAS
(IPv4) P (IPv6)
| (IPv4/IPv6) |
| | |
+---F1--------->| |
| +---F2-------->|
| | |
| |<--F3---------+
|<--F4----------+ |
... ... ...
| | |
V V V
ER- ER- ER- ER-
Originator AAA relays Proxy1 AAA relays Proxy2 Destination
(o.r1 (p.r1 (p.r2 (d.r2
.example) .example) .example) .example)
| | | | |
cache=(empty) | | | | |
------------->|--------->| | | |
(1st request of the session)| | | |
Explicit-Path= | | | |
o.r1.example,r1.example | | |
dest-host=d.r2.example | | | |
dest-realm=r2.example | | | |
| | | | |
| |--------->|--------->| |
| | (forwarded request)| |
| | Explicit-Path= | |
| | record1=o.r1.example,r1.example
| | record2=p.r1.example,r1.example
| | dest-host=d.r2.example |
| | dest-realm=r2.example |
| | | | |
| | | |--------->|
| | | (forwarded request)
| | | Explicit-Path=
| | | record1=o.r1.example,
| | | r1.example
| | | record2=p.r1.example,
| | | r1.example
| | | record3=p.r2.example,
| | | r2.example
| | | dest-host=d.r2.example
| | | dest-realm=r2.example
| | | | |
cache= |<---------|<---------|<---------|<---------|
record1=o.r1.example,r1.example (answer) |
record2=p.r1.example,r1.example Explicit-Path=
record3=p.r2.example,r2.example record1=o.r1.example,r1.example
record4=d.r2.example,r2.example record2=p.r1.example,r1.example
| | record3=p.r2.example,r2.example
| | record4=d.r2.example,r2.example
Note: An originator pre-configuring | | |
its local cache can skip the | | |
exchange above and send the | | |
initial request as shown below. | | |
| | | | |
------------->|--------->| | | |
(subsequent request of the session) | | |
Explicit-Path= | | | |
record1=p.r1.example,r1.example | | |
record2=p.r2.example,r2.example | | |
record3=d.r2.example,r2.example | | |
dest-host=p.r1.example | | | |
dest-realm=r1.example | | | |
| |--------->|--------->| |
| | (forwarded request)| |
| | Explicit-Path= | |
| | record1=p.r2.example,r2.example
| | record2=d.r2.example,r2.example
| | dest-host=p.r2.example |
| | dest-realm=r2.example |
| | | | |
| | | |--------->|
| | | (forwarded request)
| | | Explicit-Path
| | | record1=d.r2.example,
| | | r2.example
| | | dest-host=d.r2.example
| | | dest-realm=r2.example
| | | | |
cache= |<---------|<---------|<---------|<---------|
record1=o.r1.example,r1.example (answer) | |
record2=p.r1.example,r1.example * no Explicit-Path-AVP present
record3=p.r2.example,r2.example | | |
record4=d.r2.example,r2.example | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
(subsequent request of the session will repeat the process above)
| | | | |
| | | | |
Line side input +---------------------+ Line side output
--->| |--->
| |
| ROADM |
| |
| |
+---------------------+
| | | | o o o o
| | | | | | | |
O O O O | | | |
Tributary Side: Drop (output) Add (input)
+-----------------------+
Line side-1 --->| |---> Line side-2
Input (I1) | | Output (E2)
Line side-1 <---| |<--- Line side-2
Output (E1) | | Input (I2)
| ROADM |
Line side-3 --->| |---> Line side-4
Input (I3) | | Output (E4)
Line side-3 <---| |<--- Line side-4
Output (E3) | | Input (I4)
| |
+-----------------------+
| O | O | O | O
| | | | | | | |
O | O | O | O |
Tributary Side: E5 I5 E6 I6 E7 I7 E8 I8
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|Function | SONET/SDH | G.709 OTUk |
| | Regenerator | |
| | Section | |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Signal | J0 (section | Trail Trace |
|Identifier | trace) | Identifier (TTI) |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Performance | BIP-8 (B1) | BIP-8 (within SM) |
|Monitoring | | |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Management | D1-D3 bytes | GCC0 (general |
|Communications | | communications |
| | | channel) |
|------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Fault Management | A1, A2 framing | FAS (frame alignment |
| | bytes | signal), BDI (backward|
| | | defect indication), |
| | | BEI (backward error |
| | | indication) |
+------------------+----------------------+-----------------------|
|Forward Error | P1,Q1 bytes | OTUk FEC |
|Correction (FEC) | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
I1 +-------------+ +-------------+ E1
----->| | +--------+ | |----->
I2 | +------+ WC #1 +-------+ | E2
----->| | +--------+ | |----->
| Wavelength | | Wavelength |
| Converter | +--------+ | Converter |
| Pool +------+ WC #2 +-------+ Pool |
| | +--------+ | |
| Input | | Output |
| Connection | . | Connection |
| Matrix | . | Matrix |
| | . | |
| | | |
IN | | +--------+ | | EM
----->| +------+ WC #P +-------+ |----->
| | +--------+ | |
+-------------+ ^ ^ +-------------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----------+ ___________ +------+
| |--------------------------->| |
| |--------------------------->| C |
/| | |--------------------------->| o | E1
I1 /D+--->| |--------------------------->| m |
+ e+--->| | | b |====>
====>| M| | Optical | +-----------+ +----+ | i |
+ u+--->| Switch | | WC Pool | |O S|-->| n |
\x+--->| | | +-----+ | |p w|-->| e |
\| | +----+->|WC #1|--+->|t i| | r |
| | | +-----+ | |i t| +------+
| | | | |c c| +------+
/| | | | +-----+ | |a h|-->| |
I2 /D+--->| +----+->|WC #2|--+->|l |-->| C | E2
+ e+--->| | | +-----+ | | | | o |
====>| M| | | +-----------+ +----+ | m |====>
+ u+--->| | | b |
\x+--->| |--------------------------->| i |
\| | |--------------------------->| n |
| |--------------------------->| e |
|___________|--------------------------->| r |
+-----------+ +------+
+-----------+ +------+
| |--------------------------->| |
| |--------------------------->| C |
/| | |--------------------------->| o | E1
I1 /D+--->| |--------------------------->| m |
+ e+--->| | | b |====>
====>| M| | Optical | +-----------+ | i |
+ u+--->| Switch | | WC Pool | | n |
\x+--->| | | +-----+ | | e |
\| | +----+->|WC #1|--+---------->| r |
| | | +-----+ | +------+
| | | | +------+
/| | | | +-----+ | | |
I2 /D+--->| +----+->|WC #2|--+---------->| C | E2
+ e+--->| | | +-----+ | | o |
====>| M| | | +-----------+ | m |====>
+ u+--->| | | b |
\x+--->| |--------------------------->| i |
\| | |--------------------------->| n |
| |--------------------------->| e |
|___________|--------------------------->| r |
+-----------+ +------+
WSON Network Element
+-----------------------+
WSON Signal | | | | WSON Signal
| | | |
---------------> | | | | ----------------->
| | | |
+-----------------------+
<-----> <-------> <----->
Gateway Region Gateway Region
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| FC | | FC | | FC | | FC |
| Device | | Device | | Device | | Device | Fibre
|........| |........| FC |........| |........| Channel
| N_PORT | | N_PORT |<.........>| N_PORT | | N_PORT | Device
+---+----+ +---+----+ Traffic +----+---+ +----+---+ Domain
| | | | ^
+---+----+ +---+----+ +----+---+ +----+---+ |
| F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | | F_PORT | |
=+========+==+========+===========+========+==+========+==========
| iFCP Layer |<--------->| iFCP Layer | |
|....................| ^ |....................| |
| iFCP Portal | | | iFCP Portal | v
+--------+-----------+ | +----------+---------+ IP
iFCP|Gateway Control iFCP|Gateway Network
| Data |
| |
| |
|<------Encapsulated Frames------->|
| +------------------+ |
| | | |
+------+ IP Network +--------+
| |
+------------------+
"I-D EXISTS": 'draft-author-wgname-topic-nn' < - - .
: .
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| WG I-D State Machine | . |
| v (not adopted) |
| . |
| CALL FOR ADOPTION BY WG ISSUED . . . . . |
| . : |
| . v |
| v |
| ADOPTED FOR ADOPTED BY WG |
| WG INFO ONLY . |
| : |
| : |
| (individual I-D "Replaced by" 'draft-ietf-wgname-topic-00') |
| : |
| v |
| |
| DEAD WG <--------> WG DOCUMENT <--------> PARKED WG |
| DOCUMENT ("Replaces" individual I-D) DOCUMENT |
| . |
| . ^ \ |
| . / \ |
| . / \ |
| . v \ |
| . \ |
| . IN WG ---+ v |
| LAST CALL | |
| ' ^ +--> WG CONSENSUS: |
| ^ : WAITING FOR |
| ' v +--> WRITEUP |
| ' | |
| ^ WAITING FOR | | |
| ' WG CHAIR ---+ | |
| ' GO-AHEAD v |
| . |
| . SUBMITTED TO IESG |
| ("Revised ID Needed") - - < - FOR PUBLICATION |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
v
IESG Document States
(see Appendix A)
.-.
,-( _)-.
+--------+ .-(_ (_ )-.
| Client |--(_ ISP )
+---+----+ `-(______)-'
| <= T \ .-.
.-. u \ ,-( _)-.
,-( _)-. n .-(_ (- )-.
.-(_ (_ )-. n (_ Internet )
(_ EUN ) e `-(______)-
`-(______)-' l ___
| s => (:::)-.
+----+---+ .-(::::::::)
| Host | .-(::::::::::::)-.
+--------+ (:::: The IRON ::::)
`-(::::::::::::)-'
`-(::::::)-'
<------------ Relays ------------>
________________________
(::::::::::::::::::::::::)-.
.-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)
.-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-.
(::::::::::: The IRON :::::::::::::::)
`-(:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-'
`-(::::::::::::::::::::::::::::)-'
<------------ Servers ------------>
.-. .-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(__ ISP A _) (__ ISP B _) ... (__ ISP x _)
`-(______)-' `-(______)-' `-(______)-'
<----------- NATs ------------>
________________________________________
.-( .-. )-.
.-( ,-( _)-. )-.
.-( +========+(_ (_ +=====+ )-.
.( || (_|| Internet ||_) || ).
.( || ||-(______)-|| vv ).
.( +--------++--+ || || +------------+ ).
( +==>| Server(A) | vv || | Server(B) |====+ )
( // +---------|\-+ +--++----++--+ +------------+ \\ )
( // .-. | \ | Relay(B) | .-. \\ )
( //,-( _)-. | \ +-v----------+ ,-( _)-\\ )
( .||_ (_ )-. | \____| .-(_ (_ ||. )
( _|| ISP A .) | (__ ISP B ||_))
( ||-(______)-' | (redirect) `-(______)|| )
( || | | | vv )
( +-----+-----+ | +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) | <--+ | Client(B) |
+-----+-----+ The IRON +-----+-----+
| ( (Overlaid on the Native Internet) ) |
.-. .-( .-) .-.
,-( _)-. .-(________________________)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_ IRON EUN B )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
________________________________________
.-( .-. )-.
.-( ,-( _)-. )-.
.-( +=============> .-(_ (_ )-.======+ )-.
.( // (__ Internet _) || ).
.( // `-(______)-' vv ).
.( // +------------+ ).
( // | Server(B) |====+ )
( // +------------+ \\ )
( // .-. .-. \\ )
( //,-( _)-. ,-( _)-\\ )
( .||_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ ||. )
( _|| ISP A .) (__ ISP B ||_))
( ||-(______)-' `-(______)|| )
( || | | vv )
( +-----+-----+ The IRON +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) | (Overlaid on the native Internet) | Client(B) |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-( .-) .-.
,-( _)-. .-(________________________)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_ IRON EUN B )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
_________________________________________
.-( )-. )-.
.-( +-------)----+ )-.
.-( | Relay(A) |--------------+ )-.
.( +------------+ \ ).
.( +=======>| Server(A) | \ ).
.( // +--------)---+ \ ).
( // ) \ )
( // The IRON ) \ )
( // .-. ) \ .-. )
( //,-( _)-. ) \ ,-( _)-. )
( .||_ (_ )-. ) The Native Internet .-|_ (_ )-. )
( _|| ISP A ) ) (_ | ISP B ))
( ||-(______)-' ) |-(______)-' )
( || | )-. v | )
( +-----+ ----+ )-. +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) |)-. | Router B |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-(____________________________________)-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_non-IRON EUN B)
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
_______________________________________
.-( )-. )-.
.-( +-------)----+ )-.
.-( | Relay(A) |<-------------+ )-.
.( +------------+ \ ).
.( +========| Server(A) | \ ).
.( // +--------)---+ \ ).
( // ) \ )
( // The IRON ) \ )
( // .-. ) \ .-. )
( //,-( _)-. ) \ ,-( _)-. )
( .||_ (_ )-. ) The Native Internet .-|_ (_ )-. )
( _|| ISP A ) ) (_ | ISP B ))
( ||-(______)-' ) |-(______)-' )
( vv | )-. | | )
( +-----+ ----+ )-. +-----+-----+ )
| Client(A) |)-. | Router B |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| ( ) |
.-. .-(____________________________________)-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ (_ )-. .-(_ (_ )-.
(_ IRON EUN A ) (_non-IRON EUN B)
`-(______)-' `-(_______)-'
| |
+---+----+ +---+----+
| Host A | | Host B |
+--------+ +--------+
+--------+ (step 1) +------+
|Attacker| ------------------------- |Source|
| A |IPA IPS| S |
+--------+ /+------+
/
(step 2) /
/
v IPT
+------+
|Target|
| T |
+------+
+------+ +------+
| Node | ------------------------- | Node |
| 1 |IP1 IP2| 2 |
+------+ /+------+
/
/
/
v IPA
+--------+
|Attacker|
| A |
+--------+
+------+ +------+
| Node | --------------- | Node |
| 1 |IP1 IP2| 2 |
+------+ \ /+------+
\ /
\ /
\ /
v IPA v
+--------+
|Attacker|
| A |
+--------+
+------+ __________ +------+
| |A1 ______ ( ) ______ B1| |
| Host |--/ ( ) \--| Host |
| | ( Internet ) | |
| A |--\______( )______/--| B |
| |A2 (__________) B2| |
+------+ +------+
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| Application | | Application |
+--------------------------+ +-------------------------------+
| Semantic | | MPTCP |
|------------+-------------| + - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - +
| Flow+Endpt | Flow+Endpt | | Subflow (TCP) | Subflow (TCP) |
+------------+-------------+ +---------------+---------------+
| Network | Network | | IP | IP |
+------------+-------------+ +---------------+---------------+
+----------------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Collector 1 | | Collector 2 | | Collector N |
|[Collecting | |[Collecting | |[Collecting |
| Process(es)] | | Process(es)] |... | Process(es)] |
+----^-----------+ +---^--------^--+ +--------^------+
| / \ |
| / \ |
Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records
| / \ |
+------+-------------+------+ +------+-----------+--------+
|IPFIX Mediator N+1 | |IPFIX Mediator Z |
|[Exporting Process(es)] | |[Exporting Process(es)] |
|[Intermediate Process(es)] | |[Intermediate Process(es)] |
|[Collecting Process(es)] |... |[Collecting Process(es)] |
+----^----------------^-----+ +------^----------------^---+
| | | |
Flow Records Flow Records Packet Reports record stream
| | | |
+------+------+ +------+-------+ +------+-------+ +-----+-----+
|IPFIX | |IPFIX Original| |PSAMP Original| |Other |
| Mediator 1 | | Exporter 1 | | Exporter 1 | | Source 1 |
|+-------------+ |+--------------+ |+--------------+ |+-----------+
+|IPFIX | +|IPFIX Original| +|PSAMP Original| +|Other |
| Mediator N | | Exporter N | | Exporter N | | Source N |
|[Exporting | |[Exporting | |[Exporting | | |
| Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | |
|[Intermediate| |[Metering | |[Metering | | |
| Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | Process(es)]| | |
|[Collecting | |[Observation | |[Observation | | |
| Process(es)]| | Point(s)]| | Point(s)]| | |
+------^------+ +-----^-^------+ +-----^-^------+ +-----------+
| | | | |
Flow Records Packets coming Packets coming
into Observation into Observation
Points Points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
| IPFIX Mediator | | |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Collecting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
|
IPFIX (Data Records)
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
+------------------------|-|---------------------+
| IPFIX Mediator | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
+------------------------|-----------------------+
| record stream
+------------------------|-----------------------+
| Non-IPFIX exporter | |
| +-------------+----------+ |
| | | |
+----------|------------------------|------------+
| |
Packets coming into observation points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^ ^
+---------------------------|-|------------------------+
| Original Exporter | | |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Exporting Process(es) |' |
| '----------------------^--------------------' |
| | | |
| .---------------------|-+-------------------. |
| .----------------------+--------------------.| |
| | Intermediate Process(es) |' |
| '---------^-----------------------^---------' |
| | Data Records | |
| .----------+---------. .---------+----------. |
| | Metering Process 1 |...| Metering Process N | |
| '----------^---------' '---------^----------' |
| | | |
| .-----------+---------. .---------+-----------. |
| | Observation Point 1 |...| Observation Point N | |
| '-----------^---------' '---------^-----------' |
+--------------|-----------------------|---------------+
| |
Packets coming into Observation Points
IPFIX (Data Records)
^
^ |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| IPFIX File Writer |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
| |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| Intermediate Process(es) |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
| |
.----------------------|-+--------------------.
.-----------------------+---------------------.|
| IPFIX File Reader |'
'-----------------------^---------------------'
|
IPFIX (Data Records)
IPFIX IPFIX IPFIX
^ ^ ^
| | |
.------------. .-----+-------. .-----+-------. .------+------.
| IPFIX File | | Exporting | | Exporting | | Exporting |
| Writer | | Process 1 | | Process 2 |....| Process N |
'-----^-^----' '-----^-------' '-----^-------' '------^------'
| | | | |
| +-------------+ | |
: Flow Records / Packet Reports :
.------+-------. .-----+--------. .----+---------. .--------------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate |
| Anonymization| | Correlation | | Aggregation | | Selection |
| Process N | | Process N | | Process N | | Process N |
'------|-------' '------|-------' '-----|-|------' '-------|------'
| +---------------+ | |
: : : :
.------+-------. .------+-------. .-------+------. .-------+------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Intermediate |
| Selection | | Selection | | Selection | | Selection |
| Process 1 | | Process 2 | | Process 3 | | Process 4 |
'------|-|-----' '------|-------' '-----|--------' '-------|------'
| +--------------+ | +----------------+
| | | | |
: Flow Records / Packet Reports :
.------+------. .-------+-----. .-----+-+-----. .-----+------.
| Collecting | | Collecting | | Collecting | | IPFIX File |
| Process 1 | | Process 2 |...| Process N | | Reader |
'------^------' '------^------' '------^------' '------------'
| | |
Flow Records Flow Records Flow Records
.----------------------. .------------.
| Intermediate | | Exporting |
| Selection Process 1 | | Process 1 |
+--+--- Peering AS #10 ---+-->| +--> Collector 1
| '----------------------' '------------'
| .----------------------. .------------.
record | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
stream | | Selection Process 2 | | Process 2 |
-------+--+--- Peering AS #20 ---+-->| +--> Collector 2
| '----------------------' '------------'
| .----------------------. .------------.
| | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| | Selection Process 3 | | Process 3 |
+--+--- Peering AS #30 ---+-->| +--> Collector 3
'----------------------' '------------'
.------------------. .--------------. .------------.
| Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| Selection | | Aggregation | | Process |
| Process 1 | | Process | | |
+-+ packetDeltaCount +->| +->| |
| | <= 5 | | | | |
record | '------------------' '--------------' | |
stream | .------------------. | |
-------+ | Intermediate | | |
| | Selection | | |
| | Process 2 | | |
+-+ packetDeltaCount +------------------->| |
| > 5 | | |
'------------------' '------------'
.---------------. .---------------. .-------------.
| Collecting | | Intermediate | | IPFIX |
IPFIX | Process | | Anonymization | | File |
----->| +->| Process +->| Writer |
'---------------' '---------------' '-------------'
.-------------. .---------------. .---------------. .-----------.
| IPFIX | | Intermediate | | Intermediate | | Exporting |
| File | | Anonymization | | Correlation | | Process |
| Reader +->| Process +->| Process +->| |
'-------------' '---------------' '---------------' '-----------'
sendonly --+
recvonly --+ |
sendrecv --+ | |
| | |
profile-level-id C C P
max-recv-level R R -
packetization-mode C C P
sprop-deint-buf-req P - P
sprop-interleaving-depth P - P
sprop-max-don-diff P - P
sprop-init-buf-time P - P
max-mbps R R -
max-smbps R R -
max-fs R R -
max-cpb R R -
max-dpb R R -
max-br R R -
redundant-pic-cap R R -
deint-buf-cap R R -
max-rcmd-nalu-size R R -
sar-understood R R -
sar-supported R R -
in-band-parameter-sets R R -
use-level-src-parameter-sets R R -
level-asymmetry-allowed O - -
sprop-parameter-sets S - S
sprop-level-parameter-sets S - S
Alice Bob
| |
| Alice and Bob establish a media session. |
| They initiate ZRTP on media ports |
| |
| F1 Hello (version, options, Alice's ZID) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| HelloACK F2 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| Hello (version, options, Bob's ZID) F3 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F4 HelloACK |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| Bob acts as the initiator. |
| |
| Commit (Bob's ZID, options, hash value) F5 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F6 DHPart1 (pvr, shared secret hashes) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| DHPart2 (pvi, shared secret hashes) F7 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Alice and Bob generate SRTP session key. |
| |
| F8 Confirm1 (MAC, D,A,V,E flags, sig) |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| Confirm2 (MAC, D,A,V,E flags, sig) F9 |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| F10 Conf2ACK |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| SRTP begins |
|<=================================================>|
| |
Key Agreement | pv | message | Meaning
Type Block | words | words |
-----------------------------------------------------------
"DH3k" | 96 | 117 | DH mode with p=3072 bit prime
| | | per RFC 3526, Section 4.
-----------------------------------------------------------
"DH2k" | 64 | 85 | DH mode with p=2048 bit prime
| | | per RFC 3526, Section 3.
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC25" | 16 | 37 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-256
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.6
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC38" | 24 | 45 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-384
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.7
-----------------------------------------------------------
"EC52" | 33 | 54 | Elliptic Curve DH, P-521
| | | per RFC 5114, Section 2.8
| | | (deprecated - do not use)
-----------------------------------------------------------
"Prsh" | - | - | Preshared Non-DH mode
-----------------------------------------------------------
"Mult" | - | - | Multistream Non-DH mode
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------|--x------|-----x---|------------------------>
NTP time
--------------------+<---------->+<->+------------------------>
t1 t2 RTP TS(B) time
C: ------------(1,2)-(3,4)--(5)---(6)---(7,8)(9,10)-(11)--(12)----
| | | | | | | | | |
B: -(1,2)-(3,4)-(5)---(6)--(7,8)-(9,10)-(11)-(12)--(13,14)(15,15)-
| | | | | |
A: -------(1)---------------(2)---(3)---------------(4)----(5)----
---------------------------------------------------decoding order-->
+----------------+
| Router Control |
| Plane |
+------+ +-------+
| |
Router Control
Plane Protection
| |
+------+ +-------+
| Forwarding |
Interface X ==[ Plane ]== Interface Y
+----------------+
REGISTRATION REGISTRATION
(1) +----------+ (1)
+------------->| |<---------+
| INVITE(2) | | |
| +----------->| SIP |--------+ |
| | 200 OK(2) | Proxy | | |
| | +----------| |<-----+ | |
| | | | | | | | _________
| | V +----------+ | V | / \
+----------+ IKE (Media Session) +---------+ \
| Remote |<---------(3)------->| Home | Home \
| Client | | Router | Network |
| ============(4)==================== |
|(SIP UAC) | VPN (IPsec SA) |(SIP UAS)| /
+----------+ +---------+ /
\_________/
+---------------------+
| |
| Internet |
| |
+---------------------+
| |
| |(192.0.2.20:45664)
| +---------+
| | NAT |
| +---------+
| |
(192.0.2.10:4500)| |(192.0.2.100:4500)
+---------+ +----------+
| offerer | | answerer |
+---------+ +----------+
P1 ----- P2
| \ / |
| \ / |
| \/ | AS1
| /\ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
ASBR1.1--ASBR1.2
\ /
\ /
''''''\'''/''''''''''''
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
P1 (RR)-- P2 (RR)
| \ / |
| \ / |
| \ / | AS1
| \/ |
| /\ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
| / \ |
ASBR1.1 ASBR1.2
\ /
\ /
''''''\''''''/''''''''''''
\ /
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
ASBR1C.1 ---------- ASBR1C.2
| |
| |
| AS1C |
| |
| |
"""|"""""""""""""""""""|"""
| " |
ASBR1A.2 " ASBR1B.2
| " |
| " |
| AS1A " AS1B | AS1
| " |
| " |
ASBR1A.1 " ASBR1B.1
\ " /
\ " /
''''''\'''''''''''''/''''''''''''
\ /
\ / AS2
ASBR2.1
+-------+-------+ \
| Service | \
| Provider | | Service
| Router | | Provider
+-------+-------+ | network
| /
| Customer /
| Internet connection /
|
+------+--------+ \
| IPv6 | \
| Customer Edge | \
| Router | /
+---+-------+-+-+ /
Network A | | Network B | End-User
---+-------------+----+- --+--+-------------+--- | network(s)
| | | | \
+----+-----+ +-----+----+ +----+-----+ +-----+----+ \
|IPv6 Host | |IPv6 Host | | IPv6 Host| |IPv6 Host | /
| | | | | | | | /
+----------+ +-----+----+ +----------+ +----------+ /
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Domain A | Domain B |
| | |
| +---+ lambda 1 | +---+ |
| | |---------------|---------| | |
| WDM | N | lambda 2 | | N | WDM |
| =====| O |---------------|---------| O |===== |
| O | D | . | | D | O |
| T WDM | E | . | | E | WDM T |
| H =====| 2 | lambda n | | 6 |===== H |
| E | |---------------|---------| | E |
| R +---+ | +---+ R |
| | |
| N +---+ | +---+ N |
| O | | | | | O |
| D WDM | N | | | N | WDM D |
| E =====| O | WDM | | O |===== E |
| S | D |=========================| D | S |
| WDM | E | | | E | WDM |
| =====| 5 | | | 8 |===== |
| | | | | | |
| +---+ | +---+ |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
UNI
: MPLS-TP
:<-- UNI-C -->: : :<-- UNI-N ->: Network <----->
: function : : : function :
--------------- : ------------:--------------------
: | : | : Transport |
: | V | Client : Path |
: | | Service : Mux/Demux |
: | | Control : -- |
: ---------- | | ----------: | | Transport|
:| | | | | | | | Path |
:|Signaling |_|___________|_|Signaling | | | --------->
:|Controller| | | |Controller| | | |
: ---------- | | ---------- | | --------->
: :......|...........|......: : | | |
: | Control | : | | Transport|
: | Channel | : | | Path |
: | | : | | --------->
: | | : | | -+----------->TSI
: | | Transport : | | | --------->
: | Client | Service : | | | |
: | Traffic | Data Plane: | | | |
: ---------- | Flows | -------------- | | |Transport|
:| Client |-|-----------|-|Client/Service|-| |- Path |
:| Traffic |=|===========|=| Traffic | | | --------->
:|Processing| | | | Processing |=| |===+===========>TSI
: ---------- | | -------------- | | --------->
: |______|___________|______| : | | |
: | Data Link | : | | |
: | | : -- |
: | | : Transport |
: | | : Path |
: | | : Data Plane|
--------------- ---------------------------------
The MPLS-TP Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) is illustrated in
Figure 2. This figure obsoletes Figure 5 of [RFC5921]. The NNI for
a particular Transport Service Instance may involve signaling between
the two PEs. If signaling is used, it may traverse the same data-
link that supports the service instance.
NNI
:<--- NNI --->: : :<--- NNI ---->:
: Function : : : Function :
--------------------------- : --------------------------
| : Transport | : | Transport : |
| : Service CP | V | Service CP : |
| : ---------- |Signaling| ---------- : |
| : |Signaling |_| _______ |_|Signaling | : |
| : |Controller| | | |Controller| : |
| : ---------- | | ---------- : |
| : :....... Control .......: : |
| : | Channel | : |
| - : Transport | | Transport : - |
| | | : Path CP | | Path CP : | | |
| | | : ---------- |Signaling| ---------- : | | |
-----| | : |Signaling |_| _______ |_|Signaling | : | |-----
---+-| | : |Controller| | | |Controller| : | |-+---
-----| | : ---------- | | ---------- : | |-----
| | | : :....... Control .......: : | | |
| | | : | Channel | : | | |
| | | Transport Path | | Transport Path | | |
| | | / mux/demux \ | | / mux/demux \| | |
| | |/ : \-- | | -- / : | | |
| | | ---------- | | |Transport| | | ---------- | | |
| | |--|Transport |---| | | Path | | |---|Transport |--| | |
-----| | | Service | | |-------------| | | Service | | |-----
TSI+=| |==|Processing|===| |<+===TSI===+>| |===|Processing|==| |=+TSI
-----| | ---------- | |-------------| | ---------- | |-----
| | | : | | | | | | : | | |
| | | : | | | | | | : | | |
| - : -- | | -- : - |
| : | | : |
| Transport Path | | Transport Path |
| Data Plane | Data Plane |
--------------------------- --------------------------
MPLS-TP Provider MPLS-TP Provider
Edge Node A Edge Node B
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Content | Source |
+-------------------------------+-----------------------------+
Content Source
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Lobster Dinner - only $14.99 500 Boardwalk, Pt Pleasant |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
------ ----- ------
/ The \ ----- / An \ / The \
| IPv4 |-----|Xlate|------| IPv6 |-----| IPv6 |
\Internet/ ----- \Network/ \Internet/
------ ----- ------
<===>
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IVIG4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+
||
\ /
\/
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| PREFIX | IPv4 addr | SUFFIX |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| PREFIX | |IVI4| | SUFFIX |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
||
\ /
\/
-+-+-+
|IVI4|
-+-+-+
| 0 |32 |40 |72 127|
------------------------------------------------------------------
| |ff | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
|<- PREFIX ->|<- IPv4 address ->| <- SUFFIX -> |
/-----\ /-----\
( ISP's ) -- 192.0.2.2 ----------- 2001:db8::2 -- ( ISP's )
( IPv4 )--|R1|-------------| IVI Xlate |------------|R2|---( IPv6 )
(network) -- 192.0.2.1 ----------- 2001:db8::1 -- (network)
\-----/ \-----/
| |
| |
The IPv4 Internet The IPv6 Internet
Alice P1 REGISTRAR
| | |
|--- REGISTER------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- REGISTER-------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep=30 | |
| | |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
Alice P1 Bob
| | |
|--- INVITE -------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- INVITE --------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | Record-Route: P1 |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | Record-Route: P1 |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep=30 | |
| Record-Route: P1 | |
| | |
|--- ACK ----------------->| |
| | |
| |--- ACK ------------------>|
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| *** Timeout *** |
| | |
|=== STUN request ========>| |
|<== STUN response ========| |
| | |
| | |
|--- BYE ----------------->| |
| | |
| |--- BYE ------------------>|
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | |
Alice P1 Bob
| | |
|--- INVITE -------------->| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| |--- INVITE --------------->|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
| | |
| |<-- 200 OK ----------------|
| | Via: P1 |
| | Via: Alice;keep |
|<-- 200 OK ---------------| |
| Via: Alice;keep | |
| | |
| |
|--- ACK --------------------------------------------->|
| |
|--- UPDATE ------------------------------------------>|
| Via: Alice;keep |
| |
|<-- 200 OK -------------------------------------------|
| Via: Alice;keep=30 |
| |
| |
| *** Timeout *** |
| |
|=== STUN request ====================================>|
|<== STUN response ====================================|
| |
| *** Timeout *** |
| |
|=== STUN request ====================================>|
|<== STUN response ====================================|
| |
| |
|--- BYE --------------------------------------------->|
| |
|<-- 200 OK -------------------------------------------|
| |
MN1 MAG1 MN2 MAG2 LMA
| | | | |
| Join(G) | | | |
+--------------->| | | |
| | Join(G) | | |
| |<---------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | Aggregated Join(G) | |
| +================================================>|
| | | | |
| | Mcast Data | | |
| |<================================================+
| | | | |
| Mcast Data | Mcast Data | | |
|<---------------+--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| < Movement of MN 2 to MAG2 & PMIP Binding Update > |
| | | | |
| | |--- Rtr Sol -->| |
| | |<-- Rtr Adv ---| |
| | | | |
| | | MLD Query | |
| | |<--------------+ |
| | | | |
| | | Join(G) | |
| | +-------------->| |
| | | Aggregated Join(G)
| | | +===============>|
| | | | |
| | Mcast Data | | |
| |<================================================+
| | | | Mcast Data |
| | | |<===============+
| Mcast Data | | | |
|<---------------+ | Mcast Data | |
| | |<--------------+ |
| | | | |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| Interface | Source Address | Destination Address | Header |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| | LMAA | Proxy-CoA | outer |
+ LMA-MAG +----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | LMA-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | inner |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
| MAG-MN | MAG-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | -- |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| Interface | Source Address | Destination Address | Header |
+===========+================+======================+==========+
| MN-MAG | MN-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | -- |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | Proxy-CoA | LMAA | outer |
+ MAG-LMA +----------------+----------------------+----------+
| | MAG-link-local | [RFC2710], [RFC3810] | inner |
+-----------+----------------+----------------------+----------+
Setting 1:
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| PMIP multicast | # of redund. | # of simul. | # of total |
| scheme | streams | streams | streams in |
| | at MAG | at LMA/LMA-M | the network |
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| Combined Unicast/ | 0 | 250,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
| Dedicated | 0 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
Setting 2:
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| PMIP multicast | # of redund. | # of simul. | # of total |
| scheme | streams | streams | streams in |
| | at MAG | at LMA/LMA-M | the network |
+===================+==============+================+===============+
| Combined Unicast/ | 3 | 200 | 800 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
| Dedicated | 0 | 200 | 200 |
| Multicast LMA | | | |
+-------------------+--------------+----------------+---------------+
___ ___________
^ | / |
| | / |
| | / |
U | / |
| | ( |
V | | |
--X | X |
| | `---------.
| | |
| | |
| | |
- `-------------------------'
UAC P1 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | |
| |--- INVITE (2) ->| | |
| |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| |<-- 18x (2) -----| | |
|<- 18x (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
|<- 18x (4) --| | | |
| |<-- 4xx (2) -----| | |
| |--- ACK (2) ---->| | |
|<- 199 (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 4xx (3) -------------| |
| |--- ACK (3) ------------>| |
|<- 199 (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 200 (4) ---------------------|
|<- 200 (4) --| | | |
|-- ACK (4) ->| | | |
| |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| | | | |
UAC P1 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | |
| |--- INVITE (2) ->| | |
| |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| |<-- 18x (2) -----| | |
|<- 18x (2) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | |
| |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
|<- 18x (4) --| | | |
| |<-- 200 (4) ---------------------|
|<- 200 (4) --| | | |
|-- ACK (4) ->| | | |
| |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| | | | |
UAC P1 P2 UAS_2 UAS_3 UAS_4
| | | | | |
|-- INVITE -->| | | | |
| |-- INVITE (2) ------------------>| | |
| |-- INVITE ---->| | | |
| | |--- INVITE (3) --------->| |
| | |--- INVITE (4) ----------------->|
| | |<-- 18x (3) -------------| |
| |<- 18x (3) ----| | | |
|<- 18x (3) --| | | | |
| | |<-- 18x (4) ---------------------|
| |<- 18x (4) ----| | | |
|<- 18x (4) --| | | | |
| | |<-- 4xx (3) -------------| |
| | |--- ACK (3) ------------>| |
| | |<-- 4xx (4) ---------------------|
| | |--- ACK (4) -------------------->|
| |<- 4xx (3) ----| | | |
| |-- ACK (3) --->| | | |
|<- 199 (3) --| | | | |
|<- 199 (4) --| | | | |
| |<- 200 (2) ----------------------| | |
|<- 200 (2) --| | | | |
|-- ACK (2) ->| | | | |
| |-- ACK (2) --------------------->| | |
| | | | | |
+--------------SIP Traffic--------------+
| |
v v
+-----+ +--+--+
| SIP | | SIP |
|Stack| |Stack|
+---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| Control | | Control |
| Client |<----Control Channel---->| Server |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+--------Control SIP Dialog(1)---------+
| |
v v
+-----+ +--+--+
+------(2)------>| SIP |---------------(2)------------->| SIP |
| |Stack| |Stack|
| +---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| | | | |
| | Control |<--Control Channel(1)-->| |
| | Client | | Control |
| +-------------+ | Server |
+--+--+ | |
|User | | |
|Agent|<=====================RTP(2)===================>| |
+-----+ +-------------+
Header field Where CONTROL REPORT SYNC K-ALIVE
___________________________________________________________
Content-Length o o - -
Control-Package R m - - -
Seq - m - -
Status R - m - -
Timeout R - m - -
Timeout 202 - m - -
Dialog-ID R - - m -
Packages - - m -
Supported r - - o -
Keep-Alive R - - o -
Content-Type o o - -
Control Client Control Server
| |
| (1) SIP INVITE |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) SIP 200 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) SIP ACK |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
|==>=======================================>==|
| Control Channel Established |
|==>=======================================>==|
| |
| (4) SYNC |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) 200 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) CONTROL |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| Code | Summary | Description | Informational: AS |
| | | | Possible Recovery |
| | | | Action |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
| 200 | OK | request has | |
| | | succeeded. | |
| 400 | Syntax error | request is | Change the request |
| | | syntactically | so that it is |
| | | invalid: it is not | syntactically |
| | | valid with respect to | valid. |
| | | the XML schema | |
| | | specified in | |
| | | Section 5 or it | |
| | | violates a | |
| | | co-occurrence | |
| | | constraint for a | |
| | | request element | |
| | | defined in Section 4. | |
| 405 | dialogid | request uses a | Send a request for |
| | already | dialogid identifier | a new dialog |
| | exists | for a new dialog that | without specifying |
| | | is already used by | the dialogid and |
| | | another dialog on the | let the MS |
| | | MS (see Section 4.2). | generate a unique |
| | | | dialogid in the |
| | | | response. |
| 406 | dialogid does | request uses a | Send an <audit> |
| | not exist | dialogid identifier | request |
| | | for an dialog that | (Section 4.4.1) |
| | | does not exist on the | requesting the |
| | | MS (see Section 4.2). | list of dialog |
| | | | identifiers |
| | | | already used by |
| | | | the MS and then |
| | | | use one of the |
| | | | listed dialog |
| | | | identifiers. |
| 407 | connectionid | request uses a | Use another method |
| | does not | connectionid | to determine which |
| | exist | identifier for a | connections are |
| | | connection that does | available on the |
| | | not exist on the MS. | MS. |
| 408 | conferenceid | request uses a | Use another method |
| | does not | conferenceid | to determine which |
| | exist | identifier for a | conferences are |
| | | conference that does | available on the |
| | | not exist on the MS. | MS. |
| 435 | Unsupported | request contains a | |
| | parallel | prompt <par> element | |
| | playback | whose configuration | |
| | | is not supported by | |
| | | the MS. | |
| 439 | Other | request requires | |
| | unsupported | another capability | |
| | capability | not supported by the | |
| | | MS. | |
+------+---------------+-----------------------+--------------------+
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <event ... /> |
| |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 200: <response status="421"/> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogprepare> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (9) CONTROL: <event .../> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (10) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <dialogstart> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <dialogterminate> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 200: <response status="200"/> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) CONTROL: <event .../> |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
MSB 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LSB
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Reserved |LOR|PmA| SC |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+==========================================+
| Exporting Process |
+==========================================+
| |
| (Anonymized at Original Exporter) |
V |
+=============================+ |
| Mediator | |
+=============================+ |
| |
| (Anonymizing Mediator) |
V V
+==========================================+
| Collecting Process |
+==========================================+
|
| (Anonymizing CP/File Writer)
V
+--------------------+
| IPFIX File Storage |
+--------------------+
packets --+ +- IPFIX Messages -+
| | |
V V V
+==================+ +====================+ +=============+
| Metering Process | | Collecting Process | | File Reader |
+==================+ +====================+ +=============+
| Non-anonymized | Records |
V V V
+=========================================================+
| Intermediate Anonymization Process (IAP) |
+=========================================================+
| Anonymized ^ Anonymized |
| Records | Records |
V | V
+===================+ Anonymization +=============+
| Exporting Process |<--- Parameters ------>| File Writer |
+===================+ +=============+
| |
+------------> IPFIX Messages <----------+
try {
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
System.out.println(
"| Time(sec) | Time (UTC format) " +
"| Value of T(Hex) | TOTP | Mode |");
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
System.out.println(
"+---------------+-----------------------+" +
"------------------+--------+--------+");
}
}catch (final Exception e){
System.out.println("Error : " + e);
}
}
}
+----------------------------------------+
| VPLS-Capable PE Model |
| +---------------+ +------+ |
| | | |VPLS-1|------------
| | |=======+ |Fwdr |------------ PWs
| | Bridge --------|--- |------------
| | | SVID-1| +------+ |
| | Module | | o |
| | | | o |
| | (802.1ad | | o |
| | bridge) | | o |
| | | | o |
| | | SVID-n| +------+ |
| | --------|---VPLS-n|-------------
| | |=======+ | Fwdr |------------- PWs
| | | ^ | |-------------
| +---------------+ | +------+ |
| | |
+-----------------------|----------------+
|
LAN emulation (multi-access) interface
------------------------+ Provider +-----------------------
. Core .
+------+ . . +------+
| PE |======================| PE |
Provider | (P) |---------\ /-------| (P) | Provider
Access +------+ . \ / . +------+ Access
Network . \/ . Network
(1) +------+ . /\ . +------+ (2)
| PE |----------/ \--------| PE |
| (B) |----------------------| (B) |
+------+ . . +------+
. .
------------------------+ +-----------------------
__________ ___ ___
/ \ ___ ___ / \ ____|FW |__A
/ \ ___ / \ _____|NAT|__| | |___|
| |__|NAT|__| | |___| | |__B
| | |___| | |__C \___/
| | \___/ ___
S__| Internet | ___ ___ / \
| | ___ / \ _____|NAT|__| |__D
| |__|FW |__| | |___| | |
| | |___| | |__E \___/
\ / \___/
\__________/
ClientHello -------->
ServerHello
Certificate*
ServerKeyExchange*
CertificateRequest*
<-------- ServerHelloDone
Certificate*
ClientKeyExchange
CertificateVerify*
[ChangeCipherSpec]
Finished -------->
[ChangeCipherSpec]
<-------- Finished
4-octet length field
Kerberos V5 AS-REQ -------->
4-octet length field
Kerberos V5 AS-REP
<--------
+-----------------------------+
| +--------+ |
| | | |
| | AAAH ------------------|
| | | | |
| +|-------+ | |
| | | |
| | Home Domain | |
| | | |
+-------|---------------------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+----------------------------|---------+ +-------------|------------+
| Domain A | | | Domain B | |
| | | | +|-------+ |
| +-------|+ | | +-----+ | | |
| | | | | | ------ AAAV2 | |
| | AAAV1 | | | | AA | | | |
| +-------------- | | | +|----+ +--------+ |
| | | +--------+ | | | |
| |AA | | | |--- ---- |
| +--|--+ | | / \ / \ |
| | /----\ | || AR |-----| AR | |
| -|-- / \ | | \ / \ / |
| / \ | AR | | | -|-- --|- |
| | AR ----------- / | |+--|---+ +------|------+ |
| \ / \--|-/ | || AP4 | | L2 Switch | |
| -/-- +-----|------+ | || | +-|---------|-+ |
| / | L2 Switch | | |+------+ | | |
| / +-|-------|--+ | | +---|--+ +----|-+ |
| +----/-+ +----|-+ +-|----+ | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | AP5 | |AP6 | |
| | AP1 | | AP2 | | AP3 | | | +----|-+ +------+ |
| +------+ +------+ +--|---+ | | | |
+--------------------------------|-----+ +------------ |------------+
--|--------- |
//// \\\\ -----|-----
// +------+ //// +------+ \\\\
| | MN ------------->|MN | \\\
| | | | | | | |
| +------+ | | +------+ |
\\ | // |
\\\\ \\\/ ///
------------ \\\\------------- ////
_________________ ____________________________
| Current Network | | CTN |
| ____ | | ____ |
| | | (1) pre-authentication | | |
| | MN |<------------------------------->| AA | |
| |____| | | |____| |
| . | | | |
| . | | | |
|____.____________| | | |
.movement | |(2) Keys |
____.___________________| | |
| _v__ _____ | |
| | |(3) secure assoc. | | | |
| | MN |<------------------>| AP1 |<-------+ |
| |____| |_____| | |
| . | |
| .movement | |
| . | |
| . | |
| _v__ _____ | |
| | |(4) secure assoc. | | | |
| | MN |<------------------>| AP2 |<-------+ |
| |____| |_____| |
|_____________________________________________________|
+----------------------------+-----------+ +-------------+----------+
| | | |
| Home Domain +-------++ | | |
| | | | | |
| |AAAHome | | | |
| + | | | |
| +-----+--+ | | |
| | | | Network B |
| Network A | | | |
| /----\ | | /---\ |
| /nAR \ | | / \ |
| | PAA |--------+-+----------+ pAR | |
| \ / | | \ / |
| \----/ | | \-+-/ |
| | | | | |
| +-------------------| | | | |
| | IEEE 802.11i| | | | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |AP2 | |AP1 | | | |AP0 | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| +------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |MN +----------->|MN |<+------------- |MN | |
| +------+ +-----+ | | ++----+ |
|----------------------------------------+ +------------+-----------+
+-----------------------------+
| +--------+ |
| | | |
| | AAAH + |
| | | |
| ++-------+ |
| | |
| | Home AAA Domain |
| | |
+-------+---------------------+
|
|
|
RADIUS/ |
Diameter |
|
|
+----------------------------+-----------+ +-------------+----------+
| | | | |
| Roaming +-------++ | | |
| AAA Domain A | | | | |
| | AAAV | | | |
| + | | | |
| Network A +-----+--+ | | Network B |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| /----\ | | /---\ |
| /nAR \ | | / \ |
| | PAA |--------+-+----------+ pAR | |
| \ / | | \ / |
| \----/ | | \-+-/ |
| | | | | |
| +-------------------| | | | |
| | IEEE 802.11i| | | | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +---+--+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |AP2 | |AP1 | | | |AP0 | |
| +------+ +------+ | | +------+ |
| +------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| |MN +----------->|MN |<---------------| MN | |
| +------+ +-----+ | | ++----+ |
-----------------------------------------+ +------------+-----------+
+---------v-| +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +-^---------+
| BN1 v | | ^ BN2 v | | ^ BN3 v | | ^ BN4 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
| T1 v | + ^ T1/T2 v | + ^ T2/T3 v | | ^ T3 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v + +-^---------+
| N1 v | | ^ N1/N2 v | | ^ N2/N3 v | | ^ N3 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v + +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
| >>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>^ |
+-----------+ +------------+ +-------------+ +-----------+
| | | |
|<-- An Internet --->| |<--- An Internet --->|
| | | |
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| reserved | src |dest |parm |corr |res |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+---------v-| +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +->>>>>>>>>>v-+ +-^---------+
| BN1 v | | ^ BN2 v | | ^ BN3 v | | ^ BN4 |
+---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------v-+ +-^---------+
>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>>>^ >>>>>>>>^
Metadata Block Format:
+-----+------+--------------------+------+----------+----------|
|Type |Flags |EID-Reference count |Len | Metadata | Metadata |
| |(SDNV)| and list (opt) |(SDNV)| Type | |
+-----+------+--------------------+------+----------+----------+
PHIB Format:
+----+------------+--------------------------------- -+-------------+
|type|flags (SDNV)|EID-ref count and list (comp) (opt)|length (SDNV)|
+----+------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+
| Inserting Node EID Scheme Name (opt)| Inserting Node EID SSP (opt)|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
A B
ESP1(...)
a1 <----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP1(UPDATE(LOCATOR(a2), ESP_INFO(0,SPI2a)))
a1 -----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP2(UPDATE(ACK, ESP_INFO(0,SPI2b), ECHO_REQ)))
a2 <----------------------------------------------- b1
ESP2(UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_RSP))
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
ESP2(...)
a2 <----------------------------------------------> b1
A B
ESP1(...)
a1 <----------------------------------------------> b1
(A moves from a1 to a2)
UPDATE(LOCATOR(a2), ESP_INFO(SPI1a, SPI1a))
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_REQ, ESP_INFO(SPI1b,SPI1b))
a2 <----------------------------------------------- b1
UPDATE(ACK, ECHO_RSP)
a2 -----------------------------------------------> b1
(A and B move ESP1 SAs to a2 <-> b1)
ESP1(...)
a2 <----------------------------------------------> b1
+--------+-----+----------------------+- - - - +- - +- - - - - +
| Header | TOC | Data | Header | TOC | Data |
+--------+-----+----------------------+- - - - +- - +- - - - - +
|<- Speech -------------------------->|<- Redundancy (opt) ---->|
+- - -+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| TOC | Frame1 | Frame2 | Frame3 | Frame4 |
+- - -+------------+------------+------------+------------+ ALWAYS
|<- aligned |<- aligned |<- aligned |<- aligned |<- ALIGNED
|<---- sensitive classes ------>|<----- enchantment layers -------->|
+-------------------------------+----+-----+------+- - - - - +------+
| L1 (Base Layer) | L2 | L3 | L4 | | LN |
+-------------------------------+----+-----+------+- - - - - +------+
|<- A --->|<- B ->| ... |<- F ->| |
|<- BR rate ------------------->| |
|<- CR rate ------------------------------------------------------->|
+---+---+----+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|A-C|A-B|1000|1001|cl_A1|cl_B1|cl_C1|cl_A1|cl_B1|cl_A4|cl_B4|
+---+---+----+----|-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|<- CL >|<- TOC ->|<- preceding --->|<- pre-preceding ----->|
+-------------+
|IPv6 Internet|
+-------------+
|
+---------------+----------+
+-----+ +--+ | IPv4 ISP +--+--+ | +--------+
|v4/v6|---|DS|=======+============| CGN |-------+---| IPv4 |
|Host | |HG| | Network +-----+ | | |Internet|
+-----+ +--+ +----------------------+---+ +--------+
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ |
()_6_over_4_ _t_u_n_n_e_l_() +---------------------+
| Existing IPv4 hosts |
+---------------------+
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
| A | | PROXY | | B | | C |
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
Request
-------------------->
Request
-------------------->
Request
------------------------------------->
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
| A | | PROXY | | B | | C |
+---+ +-------+ +---+ +---+
Request
-------------------->
Request
-------------------->
Redirect
<--------------------
Redirect
<-------------------
Request
---------------------------------------------------------->
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
| I | | KMS1 | | KMS2 | | R |
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
REQUEST_KEY_INIT REQUEST_KEY_INIT
------------------> <----------------------
REQUEST_KEY_RESP REQUEST_KEY_RESP
<------------------ ---------------------->
I_MESSAGE_1
----------------------------------------------------------->
R_MESSAGE_1
<-----------------------------------------------------------
I_MESSAGE_2
----------------------------------------------------------->
R_MESSAGE_2
<-----------------------------------------------------------
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
| I | | KMS1 | | KMS2 | | R |
+---+ +------+ +------+ +---+
Pre-established Pre-established
trust relation trust relation
<-----------------> <--------------------->
Security association based on mutual authentication
performed during MIKEY-IBAKE exchange
<---------------------------------------------------------->
REQUEST_KEY_INIT_PSK = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, (IDRi/r),
IDRkms, [IDRpsk], [KEMAC], V <---- REQUEST_KEY_RESP =
HDR, T, [IDRi/r], [IDRkms],
KEMAC, V
REQUEST_KEY_INIT_PKE = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, (IDRi/r),
{CERTi/r}, IDRkms, <---- REQUEST_KEY_RESP =
[KEMAC], [CHASH], HDR, T, [IDRi/r], [IDRkms],
PKE, SIGNi/r KEMAC, V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, IDRi, IDRr,
IBAKE, [ESK] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, IDRi,
IDRr, IBAKE
I_MESSAGE_2 = ---->
HDR, T, RAND, IDRi, IDRr,
IBAKE, [ESK] <---- R_MESSAGE_2 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
I_MESSAGE_1 = ---->
HDR, T, [IDRr], [IDRi],
[IBAKE] <---- R_MESSAGE_1 =
HDR, T, [IDRi], [IDRr],
[IBAKE], V
------ ------
/ \ / \
/--\ / \ / \
|SOHO|---+ Access | |Enterprise|
\--/ | Service | | Network |
/--\ | Provider| | |
|Home|---+ | ------ | |
\--/ \ +---+ +---+ /
\ / / \ \ /
------ | Transit | ------
| Service |
| Provider |
| |
\ /
\ /
------
---
A thermostats, appliances, etc
| ------+-----------------------------------
| |
|"HAN" | <--- Energy Services Interface (ESI)
| +---+---+
| | Meter | Meter is generally an ALG between the AMI and the HAN
| +---+---+
V \
--- \
A \ | /
| \ | /
| "NAN" +--+-+-+---+ Likely a router but could
| |Collector | be a front-end application
V +----+-----+ gateway for utility
--- \
A \ | /
| \ | /
|"AMI" +--+-+-+--+
| | AMI |
| | Headend |
V +---------+
---
Utility NAN
/
/
+----+-----+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Meter | |D1| |D2| |D3|
+-----+----+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
| | | |
----+-+-------+----+----+---- IEEE 802.15.4
|
+--+---+
|Router+------/------ Residential Broadband
+--+---+
|
----+---------+----+----+---- IEEE P1901
| | |
++-+ ++-+ ++-+
|D4| |D5| |D6|
+--+ +--+ +--+
A thermostats, appliances, etc
| ------+----------------+------------------
|"HAN" | |
| +---+---+ +---+---+
| |Router | | Meter |
| |or EMS | | |
V +---+---+ +---+---+
--- | --- \
| ^ \ | /
| |"NAN" \ | /
---+--- | +--+-+-+---+
/ \ | |"Pole Top"|
| Internet| v +----+-----+
\ / ---
-------
+----------+ +--+ +--+ +--+
| Meter | |D1| |D2| |D3|
+-----+----+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
| | | |
----+-+-------+----+----+---- IEEE 802.15.4
|
+--+---+
| +------/------ NAN
|Router|
| +------/------ Residential Broadband
+--+---+
|
----+--+------+----+----+---- IEEE P1901
| | | |
+-+-+ ++-+ ++-+ ++-+
|EMS| |D4| |D5| |D6|
+---+ +--+ +--+ +--+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| PRECEDENCE | D | T | R | C | 0 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DSCP | CU |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| DS FIELD, DSCP | ECN FIELD |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Mobile node Home agent Correspondent node
| |
| Home Test Init (HoTI) | |
|------------------------->|------------------------->|
| | |
| Care-of Test Init (CoTI) |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| | Home Test (HoT) |
|<-------------------------|<-------------------------|
| | |
| Care-of Test (CoT) |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
| |
Mobile node Correspondent node
| |
| Binding Update (BU) |
|---------------------------------------------->|
| (MAC, seq#, nonce indices, care-of address) |
| |
| |
| Binding Acknowledgement (BA) (if sent) |
|<----------------------------------------------|
| (MAC, seq#, status) |
------ ------
| MR |----------------| HA |
|(RR)| (home network) |(DR)|
------ ------
------- /-----------\ ------
| MR |----| Internet |-----| HA |
|(RR) | \-----------/ |(DR)|
|(DRA)| ------
-------
(visited network)
----------------------------- --------
| MR | | HA |
| (RR) (DRA) | | (DR) |
---------------------------- --------
| | Binding Update |
| |------------------------>|
| | (HoA, CoA) |
| | |
| | Binding Ack |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Solicit | DHCPv6 Solicit |
|..................>|--=====================->|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Advertise | DHCPv6 Advertise |
|<..................|<-=====================--|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Request | DHCPv6 Request |
|..................>|--=====================->|
| | |
| DHCPv6 Reply | DHCPv6 Reply |
|<..................|<-=====================--|
| | (Mobile Network Prefix) |
| | |
-------- --------
| MR | | HA |
| (RR) | | (DR) |
-------- --------
| |
| DHCPv6 Solicit |
|------------------------>|
| |
| DHCPv6 Advertise |
|<------------------------|
| |
| DHCPv6 Request |
|------------------------>|
| |
| DHCPv6 Reply |
|<------------------------|
| (Mobile Network Prefix) |
| |
+----------+
| Wireless |
| Location |
| Service | Retrieve
+----------+ Access Control Rules
| +--------------------------------+
| | +--------------------------+ |
Location | | Access | |
| | | Control Rules v |
| | | +-----+
| | | | Bob |
| | | |+---+|--> ...
| | | +----->||PC ||
........... v | | ++---++
| +------+| +----------+ |
| |Mobile|+--Location->| Presence |--Location-->| +----------+
| |Phone || | Server | |---->| Friend-1 |
| +------++---Rules--->| |---Rules---->| +----------+
| Alice | +----------+ |
| O | |
| /|\ | | +----------+
| / \ | +---->| Friend-2 |
`---------' +----------+
DDNS update +--------+ DDNS update
+--------------->| |<-------+
| | DNS | |
| LLQ | | LLQ |
| +---------->| |<----+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | | +----------+
| V +---+--+----+ | |
+-+-------+ | +-------| |
|Endhost N| Tunnel | NAT +------>|Endhost M |
| |<=====================================>| |
+---------+ | | | |
+-----------+ +----------+
+-------------+------------+------------+---------------+
| IPv4 Header | UDP Header | IPsec ESP | IPv6 Packet |
+-------------+------------+------------+---------------+
1: Push Updated AAAA RR +------------+
<----------------------------------- | |
2: Query for autotunnel SRV RR | |
+--------+ -----------------------------------> | |
| | 3: Reply Updated SRV RR | DNS server |
| client | <----------------------------------- | |
| | 4: Query for Target in SRV RR | |
+--------+ -----------------------------------> | |
5: Reply Updated A RR of Target | |
<----------------------------------- | |
+------------+
+-------------------------------------+----------------------------
| Dispatch + LOWPAN_IPHC (2-3 octets) | In-line IPv6 Header Fields
+-------------------------------------+----------------------------
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 0 | 1 | 1 | TF |NH | HLIM |CID|SAC| SAM | M |DAC| DAM |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| SCI | DCI |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| LOWPAN_IPHC | In-line | LOWPAN_NHC | In-line Next | Payload
| Encoding | IP Fields | Encoding | Header Fields |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
+----------------+---------------------------
| var-len NHC ID | compressed next header...
+----------------+---------------------------
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | EID |NH |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | C | P |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
----------
d1 -> h1 \
\
G1 d2 -> h2 |-> h''1
+--------+ / \
|d4 -> h4|\ d3 -> h3 / \
|d5 -> h5| \ ---------- |
| | | -> h'1\ |
|d6 -> h6| / \ |
|d7 -> h7|/ d8 -> h8 |-> h''2 |-> h'''1
+--------+ / | \
d9 -> h9 / | \
---------- | |
d10 -> h10\ / |
\ / |
d11 -> h11 |-> h''3 |
/ |
d12 -> h12/ |-> root hash value
---------- |
d13 -> h13\ |
\ |
d14 -> h14 |-> h''4 |
/ \ |
d15 -> h15/ \ |
---------- |-> h'''2 |
d16 -> h16\ | |
\ | |
d17 -> h17 |-> h''5 | |
/ | |
d18 -> h18/ | |
---------- / |
/ /
(any arbitrary) h''6 /
(any arbitrary) h'''3
-----------
| Unicast |................
| Source |............. :
| (Server) | : :
----------- : :
v v
----------- ---------- -----------
| Multicast |------->| Router |---------->|Client RTP |
| Source | | |..........>|Application|
----------- ---------- -----------
| :
| : -----------
| :..............>|Client RTP |
+---------------->|Application|
-----------
-------------- --- ----------
| |-------------------------------| |-->|P1 |
| |-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-| |.->|P2 |
| | | | | |
| Distribution | ---------------- | | | |
| Source | | | | | | |
| |---->|P1 | | | | |
| |.-.->|P2 | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
-------------- | P3|<.=.=.=.| |=.=|*c0 |
| P3|<~~~~~~~| |~~~|*c1 |
MULTICAST RTP | | | | | |
SESSION with | | | N | | |
UNICAST FEEDBACK | | | A | | |
| Retransmission | | T | | Client |
- - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - -| - - - -| - |- -| - - - - -|-
| Server | | | | |
| | | | | |
PORT MAPPING | PT|<~~~~~~~| |~~>|*cT |
| | | | | |
- - - - - - - - - - -| - - - - - - - -| - - - -| - |- -| - - - - -|-
| | | | | |
AUXILIARY UNICAST | | | | | |
RTP SESSION | | | | | |
| P3|........| |..>|*c1 |
| P3|=.=.=.=.| |=.>|*c1 |
| P4|<.=.=.=.| |=.=|*c2 |
| | | | | |
---------------- --- ----------
-----------------------
+--->| Intermediary |
| | Network Element |
| ...|(Retransmission Server)|
| : -----------------------
| :
| v
----------- ---------- ----------
| Multicast | | |---------->| Joining |
| Source |------->| Router |..........>| RTP |
| | | | | Receiver |
----------- ---------- ----------
|
| ----------
+---------------->| Existing |
| RTP |
| Receiver |
----------
----------- --------------
| |------------------------------------>| |
| |.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.->| |
| | | |
| Multicast | ---------------- | |
| Source | | Retransmission | | |
| |-------->| Server (RS) | | |
| |.-.-.-.->| | | |
| | | ------------ | | |
----------- | | Feedback | |<.=.=.=.=.| |
| | Target (FT)| |<~~~~~~~~~| RTP Receiver |
PRIMARY MULTICAST | ------------ | | (RTP_Rx) |
RTP SESSION with | | | |
UNICAST FEEDBACK | | | |
| | | |
- - - - - - - - - - - |- - - - - - - - |- - - - - |- - - - - - - |- -
| | | |
UNICAST BURST | ------------ | | |
(or RETRANSMISSION) | | Burst/ | |<~~~~~~~~>| |
RTP SESSION | | Retrans. | |.........>| |
| |Source (BRS)| |<.=.=.=.=>| |
| ------------ | | |
| | | |
---------------- --------------
-------------------------
| Retransmission Server |
----------- | ------ ------------ | -------- ------------
| Multicast | | | FT | | Burst/Ret. | | | | | RTP |
| Source | | | | | Source | | | Router | | Receiver |
| | | ------ ------------ | | | | (RTP_Rx) |
----------- | | | | -------- ------------
| ------------------------- | |
| | | | |
|-- RTP Multicast ---------->--------------->| |
|-. RTCP Multicast -.-.-.-.->-.-.-.-.-.-.-.->| |
| | | | |
| | |********************************|
| | |* PORT MAPPING SETUP *|
| | |********************************|
| | | | |
| |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RTCP RAMS-R ~~~|
| | | | |
| | |********************************|
| | |* UNICAST SESSION ESTABLISHED *|
| | |********************************|
| | | | |
| | |~~~ RTCP RAMS-I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>|
| | | | |
| | |... Unicast RTP Burst .........>|
| | | | |
| |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (RTCP RAMS-R) ~~|
| | | | |
| | |~~ (RTCP RAMS-I) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | |<= SFGMP Join ==|
| | | | |
|-- RTP Multicast ------------------------------------------->|
|-. RTCP Multicast -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | |<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RTCP RAMS-T ~~~|
| | | | |
: : : : :
| | |<.=.= Unicast RTCP Reports .=.=>|
: : : for the unicast session :
| | | | |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) VERIFIER)
| |
| Verifier sends challenge to prover |
| Challenge = Q |
|<---------------------------------------|
| |
| Prover Computes Response |
| R = OCRA(K, {[C] | Q | [P | S | T]}) |
| Prover sends Response = R |
|--------------------------------------->|
| |
| Verifier Validates Response |
| If Response is valid, Server sends OK |
| If Response is not, Server sends NOK |
|<---------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) (VERIFIER)
| |
| 1. Client sends client-challenge |
| QC = Client-challenge |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 2. Server computes server-response |
| and sends server-challenge |
| RS = OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [S | T]) |
| QS = Server-challenge |
| Response = RS, QS |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| |
| 3. Client verifies server-response |
| and computes client-response |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [S | T]) != RS -> STOP |
| RC = OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P | S | T]) |
| Response = RC |
|------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 4. Server verifies client-response |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P|S|T]) != RC -> STOP |
| Response = OK |
|<-------------------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) (VERIFIER)
| |
| Verifier sends signature-challenge |
| Challenge = QS |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| Client Computes Response |
| SIGN = OCRA(K, [C] | QS | [P | T]) |
| Response = SIGN |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Verifier Validates Response |
| Response = OK |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
CLIENT SERVER
(PROVER) VERIFIER)
| |
| 1. Client sends client-challenge |
| QC = Client-challenge |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 2. Server computes server-response |
| and sends signature-challenge |
| RS = OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [T]) |
| QS = signature-challenge |
| Response = RS, QS |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
| 3. Client verifies server-response |
| and computes signature |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QC | QS | [T]) != RS -> STOP |
| SIGN = OCRA( K, [C] | QS | QC | [P | T]) |
| Response = SIGN |
|-------------------------------------------------->|
| |
| 4. Server verifies Signature |
| OCRA(K, [C] | QS | QC | [P|T]) != SIGN -> STOP |
| Response = OK |
|<--------------------------------------------------|
| |
External Network: Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48
--------------------------------------
|
|
+-------------+
| NPTv6 |
| Translator |
+-------------+
|
|
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
Internal Prefix = FD01:4444:5555:/48
--------------------------------------
V | External Prefix
V | 2001:0DB8:6666:/48
V +---------+ ^
V | NPTv6 | ^
V | Device | ^
V +---------+ ^
External Prefix | ^
2001:0DB8:0001:/48 | ^
--------------------------------------
Internal Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
External Network: Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48
--------------------------------------
| |
| |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| NPTv6 | | NPTv6 |
| Translator | | Translator |
| #1 | | #2 |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
External Network #1: External Network #2:
Prefix = 2001:0DB8:0001:/48 Prefix = 2001:0DB8:5555:/48
--------------------------- --------------------------
| |
| |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| NPTv6 | | NPTv6 |
| Translator | | Translator |
| #1 | | #2 |
+-------------+ +-------------+
| |
| |
--------------------------------------
Internal Network: Prefix = FD01:0203:0405:/48
0 15 16 31 32 47 48 63 64 79 80 95 96 111 112 127
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Routing Prefix | Subnet| Interface Identifier (IID) |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
,---. +-------+
/ \ | CN |
( Router)<====| |
+---------+ // \ / | |
| | // `---' +-------+
| | ,---. //
| | / \ //
| Home |<--+ Router)
| Network | \ /
| | `-+-'\\
| | | \\ ,---. +-------+
| | | \\ / \=======>| |
| | +------( Router)<------+ MN |
| | \ / | |
| | `---' +-------+
+---------+
+---------+
| |
___________________| CN |
| | |
| +---------+
V /\
+-------+ ||
|Mobile | ||
|Router | ||
| | || Reversing LSR
+---+---+ ||
| \/
| +---------+ +----------+
| LSR Inserted | |<====>| |
+------------------->| MAS | | MN |
| |----->| |
+---------+ +----------+
+---+-----+
|HoA|DATA |
+---+-----+ +-------+
+----------------------| CN |
| +------------------->| |
| | +-------+
| |
V |
+--------+
| Home | Mapping: HoA <=> CoA
| Agent |
| |
+--------+
|| /\
|| || +-------+
|| +====================| |
|| | MN |
+=======================>| |
+-----+---+---+ +-------+
|DATA |HoA|CoA|
+-----+---+---+
+------+ +------+ +-----+
| HA |-------------| HA | | |
| | | | | CN |
+--+---+ +------+++----+ +-----+
| | || /\
| | || ||
| | || ||
| | || ||
+--+---+------+ || ||
| |<==============+ ||
| HA |==============================+
+-++---+
|| /\
\/ ||
+---++-+ ===>: data flow
| | ----: HA overlay network
| MN |
+------+
DDNS update +--------+ DDNS update
+--------------->| |<-------+
| | DNS | |
| LLQ | | LLQ |
| +---------->| |<----+ |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | | +---------+
| V +---+--+----+ | |
++-------+ | +-------| |
|Endhost1| Tunnel | NAT +------>|Endhost2 |
| |<=====================================>| |
+--------+ | | | |
+-----------+ +---------+
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | | UER2 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Enterprise1 | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm |
| | | | | |
| *EP | *RBR | | *RBR | *EP |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1 | | ALOC2 | ELOC4 |
| | | | | |
| | *EP | | *EP | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 |
| ELOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 | ALOC1 | ELOC4 |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | ELOC1 | | ELOC4 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | UER2 | | UER3 | UER4 |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| Enterprise1 | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | ALOC Realm |
| | | | | |
| *EP | *aRBR | | *aRBR | *EP |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1.1 | | ALOC2.1 | ELOC4 |
| | | | | |
| *uRBR | | uRBR* |
| |ALOC1.2 | | ALOC2.2| |
| | | | | |
| | *EP | | *EP | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|-------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1.2 | ALOC1.1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2.1 | ALOC2.2 |
| ELOC1 | ALOC1.2 | ALOC2 | ALOC2.2 | ELOC4 |
| | ALOC2 | | ALOC1 | |
| | ELOC2 | | ELOC3 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
| UER1 | | UER2 |
|-----------------------------------------------|-------------|
| Enterprise1 | | Enterprise2 |
| ALOC Realm | | ALOC Realm |
| |---------------------------------| |
| | VPN | |
| | ALOC Realm | |
| *uRBR3 uRBR4* |
| |ALOC3 ALOC4| |
| |xxxxxxxxxxxX VPN RIB xxxxxxxxxxxx| |
| | | |
| | ALOC3 & ALOC4 | |
| |---------------------------------| |
| *EP1 | | *EP2 |
| ELOC1 |---------------------------------| ELOC2 |
| | ISP1 | ISP | ISP2 | |
| | ALOC Realm | Tier1 | ALOC Realm | |
| | | | | |
| BR1* *aRBR | | *aRBR *BR2 |
| | ALOC1 | | ALOC2 | |
| | | | | |
|-------------|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DFZ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx|-------------|
| RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB | RIB |
| | | | | |
| ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC1 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 |
| ALOC3 | ALOC2 | ALOC2 | ALOC1 | ALOC4 |
| ALOC4 | ELOC1 | | ELOC2 | ALOC3 |
| ELOC1 | | | | ELOC2 |
| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|
|<-------------- Emulated Service ----------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire -------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- MPLS Tunnel -->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|===================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1..............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2..............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |===================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | | Customer
Edge 1 | | Edge 2
| |
| |
Native FC service Native FC service
+-----------------------------------+
| PE |
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | MPLS | |P|
| |<==|h|<=| NSP |<=|minati|<=|Tunnel|<=|h|<== From network
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
| C | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| E | | |
| | +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| | |P| | | |PW ter| | MPLS | |P|
| |==>|h|=>| NSP |=>|minati|=>|Tunnel|=>|h|==> To network
| | |y| | | |on | | | |y|
+---+ +-+ +-----+ +------+ +------+ +-+
| |
+-----------------------------------+
+-----+
----AC receive---->| |-----PW transmit---->
CE1 | PE1 | PE2/CE2
<---AC transmit----| |<----PW receive-----
+-----+
(arrows indicate direction of user traffic impacted by a defect)
+---------------+
| |
| Hot Standby |
| Cluster |
| |
| +---------+ |
| | | |
| | Active | |
| | | |
| | Member | |
| | | |
| +---------+ |
| ^ |
+---------+ | Synch | |
| | | Channel | |
| IPsec | IKE/IPsec Traffic | | |
| | <=============================> | | |
| Peer | | | |
| | | | |
+---------+ | | |
| v |
| +---------+ |
| | | |
| | Standby | |
| | | |
| | Member | |
| | | |
| +---------+ |
+---------------+
alert (271)
| (signatureId)
| (protocolIdentifier)
| (riskRating)
|
+------- participant (270)
|
+------- attacker (269)
| (sourceIPv4Address)
| (applicationId)
|
+------- target (268)
| (destinationIPv4Address)
| (applicationId)
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- SIP Request |open port 10923 --------
| |-------------------->--->-----------------------| |
| | | | |
| Client | |port 5060 SIP Response | Proxy |
| | x<------------------------| |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- (UAC 8023) REGISTER/Response (UAS 5060) --------
| |-------------------->---<-----------------------| |
| | | | |
| Client | |5060 INVITE (UAC 8015)| Proxy |
| | x<------------------------| |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
NAT Public Network NAT
| |
| |
| |
-------- | SIP Signaling Session | --------
| |---------------------->Proxy<-------------------| |
| | | | | |
| Client | | | | Client |
| A |>=====>RTP>==Unknown Address==>X | | B |
| | | X<==Unknown Address==<RTP<===<| |
-------- | | --------
| |
| |
| |
Private NAT Public
Network | Network
|
|
-------- | --------
| | | | |
| |send request---------------------------------->| |
| Client |<---------------------------------send response| SIP |
| A | | | Proxy |
| | | | |
-------- | --------
|
|
|
Registrar/
Bob NAT Edge Proxy
| | |
|(1) REGISTER | |
|----------------->| |
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |----------------->|
| | |
|*************************************|
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple |
|*************************************|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |<-----------------|
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|<-----------------| |
| | |
Registrar/
Bob NAT Edge Proxy
| | |
|(1) REGISTER | |
|----------------->| |
| | |
| |(1) REGISTER |
| |----------------->|
| | |
|*************************************|
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple |
|*************************************|
| | |
| |(2) 200 OK |
| |<-----------------|
| | |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|<-----------------| |
| | |
Bob NAT Edge Proxy Registrar
| | | |
|(1) REGISTER | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(1) REGISTER | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(2) REGISTER |
| | |----------------->|
| | | |
|*************************************| |
| Create Outbound Connection Tuple | |
|*************************************| |
| | | |
| | |(3) 200 OK |
| | |<-----------------|
| |(4)200 OK | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(4)200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
Edge Proxy/
Bob NAT Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | |
|(1) INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(1) INVITE | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(2) INVITE |
| | |---------------->|
| | | |
| | |(3)180 RINGING |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(4)180 RINGING | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(4)180 RINGING | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
| | |(5)200 OK |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(6)200 OK | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(6)200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|(7)ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(7)ACK | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| | |(8) ACK |
| | |---------------->|
| | | |
Edge Proxy
Bob NAT Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | |
|*******************************************************|
| Registration Binding Installed in |
| Section 5.1.1.1 |
|*******************************************************|
| | | |
| | |(1)INVITE |
| | |<----------------|
| | | |
| |(2)INVITE | |
| |<-----------------| |
| | | |
|(2)INVITE | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
| | | |
Bob NAT Edge Proxy Auth. Proxy Alice
| | | | |
|***********************************************************|
| Registration Binding Installed in |
| Section 5.1.2 |
|***********************************************************|
| | | | |
| | | |(1)INVITE |
| | | |<-------------|
| | | | |
| | |(2)INVITE | |
| | |<-------------| |
| | | | |
| |(3)INVITE | | |
| |<-------------| | |
| | | | |
|(3)INVITE | | | |
|<-------------| | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Client NAT STUN [..]
Server
| | | |
|(1) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(2) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(4) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(5) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(6) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(7) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(8) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(9)SIP INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(10)SIP INVITE | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
| | |(11)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(12)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming Media sent to NAT-PUB-1<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming RTCP sent to NAT-PUB-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|(13)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(14) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
Client NAT STUN [..]
Server
| | | (1)SIP INVITE |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(2) SIP INVITE | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|(3) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(4) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(5) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(6) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(7) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(8) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(9) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(10) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(11)SIP 200 OK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(12)SIP 200 OK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming Media sent to L-PRIV-1<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
|========================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<Incoming RTCP sent to L-PRIV-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |(13)SIP ACK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(14)SIP ACK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
L NAT STUN NAT R
Server
| | | | |
|(1) Alloc Req | | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| |(2) Alloc Req | | |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| |(3) Alloc Resp | | |
| |<---------------| | |
| |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Rel=TURN-PUB-2 | | |
| | | | |
|(4) Alloc Resp | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Rel=TURN-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|(5) Alloc Req | | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
| | | | |
| |(6) Alloc Req | | |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |--------------->| | |
| | | | |
| |(7) Alloc Resp | | |
| |<---------------| | |
| |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Rel=TURN-PUB-3 | | |
| | | | |
|(8) Alloc Resp | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=TURN-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Rel=TURN-PUB-3 | | | |
| | | | |
|(9) SIP INVITE | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(10) SIP INVITE |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
| | | |(11) Alloc Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(12) Alloc Req | |
| | |<---------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
| | |(13) Alloc Res | |
| | |--------------->| |
| | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Rel=TURN-PUB-4 | |
| | | | |
| | | |(14) Alloc Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Rel=TURN-PUB-4 |
| | | | |
| | | |(15) Alloc Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(16) Alloc Req | |
| | |<---------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
| | |(17) Alloc Res | |
| | |--------------->| |
| | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Rel=TURN-PUB-5 | |
| | | | |
| | | |(18) Alloc Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=TURN-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Rel=TURN-PUB-5 |
| | | | |
| | | |(19) SIP 200 OK |
| |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | | |
|(20) SIP 200 OK | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
| | | | |
|(21) SIP ACK | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(22) SIP ACK |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
|(23) Bind Req | | | |
|------------------------>x | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-PRIV-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(24) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
| | | | |
| |(25) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| | | | |
| | | |(26) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | | |
| | | |(27) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(28) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
|(29) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTP sent from L-PRIV-1 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|===================================================================|
| | | | |
| | | |(30) Bind Req |
| | | x<-----------------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-PRIV-1 |
| | | | |
| | | |(31) Bind Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | | |
| | |(32) Bind Req | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | | | |
|(33) Bind Req | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(34) Bind Res | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
|Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
| |(35) Bind Res | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(36) Bind Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Outgoing RTP sent from R-PRIV-1 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|===================================================================|
|(37) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | | |
|USE-CANDIDATE | | | |
| | | | |
| |(38) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1| | |
| |USE-CANDIDATE | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(39) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |USE-CANDIDATE |
| | | | |
| | | |(40) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | | |
| | |(41) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | | |
|(42) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | | |
| | | | |
|(43) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
| | | | |
| |(44) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| | | | |
| | | |(45) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | | |
| | | |(46) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
| | |(47) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | | |
|(48) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing RTCP sent from L-PRIV-2 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>|
|===================================================================|
| | | | |
| | | |(49) Bind Req |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | | |
| | |(50) Bind Req | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | | | |
|(51) Bind Req | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
| | | | |
|(52) Bind Res | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
|Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
| |(53) Bind Res | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(54) Bind Res |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Map=R-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
|===================================================================|
|<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Outgoing RTCP sent from R-PRIV-2<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<|
|===================================================================|
|(55) Bind Req | | | |
|--------------->| | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | | |
|USE-CANDIDATE | | | |
| | | | |
| |(56) Bind Req | | |
| |-------------------------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-2| | |
| |USE-CANDIDATE | | |
| | | | |
| | | |(57) Bind Req |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | |Dest=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |USE-CANDIDATE |
| | | | |
| | | |(58) Bind Res |
| | | |<---------------|
| | | |Src=R-PRIV-2 |
| | | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2|
| | | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 |
| | | | |
| | |(59) Bind Res | |
| |<--------------------------------| |
| | |Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-2| |
| | |Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | |
| | | | |
|(60) Bind Res | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | | |
|Map=L-NAT-PUB-2 | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|(61) SIP INVITE | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(62) SIP INVITE |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
| | | |(63) SIP 200 OK |
| |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | | |
|(64) SIP 200 OK | | | |
|<---------------| | | |
| | | | |
|(65) SIP ACK | | | |
|------------------------------------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | |(66) SIP ACK |
| | | |--------------->|
| | | | |
Client ADDRESS/PORT-Dependent STUN [..]
NAT Server
| | | |
|(1) BIND Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(2) BIND Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) BIND Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(4) BIND Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
|(5)SIP INVITE | | |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | |(6)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(7)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| x=====================================|
| xIncoming Media sent to L-PRIV-1<<<<<<|
| x=====================================|
| | | |
|(8)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| |(9) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
L Address/Port-Dependent TURN [..]
NAT Server
| | | |
|(1) Alloc Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(2) Alloc Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(3) Alloc Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Rel=STUN-PUB-2 | |
| | | |
|(4) Alloc Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Rel=STUN-PUB-2 | | |
| | | |
|(5) Alloc Req | | |
|Src=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(6) Alloc Req | |
| |Src=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Dest=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |----------------->| |
| | | |
| |(7) Alloc Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=STUN-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Map=NAT-PUB-2 | |
| |Rel=STUN-PUB-3 | |
| | | |
|(8) Alloc Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=STUN-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-2 | | |
|Map=NAT-PUB-2 | | |
|Rel=STUN-PUB-3 | | |
| | | |
|(9)SIP INVITE | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(10)SIP INVITE | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
| | |(11)SIP 200 OK |
| |<------------------------------------|
| | | |
|(12)SIP 200 OK | | |
|<-----------------| | |
| | | |
|========================================================|
|>>>>>>>>>>>>>Outgoing Media sent from L-PRIV-1>>>>>>>>>>|
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |==================|
| | |<<<Media Sent to<<|
| | |<<<<STUN-PUB-2<<<<|
| | |==================|
| | | |
|=====================================| |
|<Incoming Media Relayed to L-PRIV-1<<| |
|=====================================| |
| | | |
| | |==================|
| | |<<<RTCP Sent to<<>|
| | |<<<<STUN-PUB-3<<<<|
| | |==================|
| | | |
|=====================================| |
|<<Incoming RTCP Relayed to L-PRIV-2<<| |
|=====================================| |
| | | |
|(13)SIP ACK | | |
|----------------->| | |
| | | |
| |(14) SIP ACK | |
| |------------------------------------>|
| | | |
L Address/Port-Dependent Endpoint-Independent R
L-NAT R-NAT
|========================================================|
| SIP OFFER/ANSWER EXCHANGE |
|========================================================|
| | | |
| | |(1)Bind Req |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R=PRIV-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |
| |(2)Bind Req | |
| x<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(3)Bind Req | | |
|----------------->| | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
| |(4)Bind Req | |
| |----------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
| | |(5)Bind Req |
| | |----------------->|
| | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |
| | |(6)Bind Resp |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R-PRIV-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | | |
| |(7)Bind Resp | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(8)Bind Resp | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
| | | |
| | |(9)Bind Req |
| | |<-----------------|
| | |Src=R-Priv-1 |
| | |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| |(10)Bind Req | |
| |<-----------------| |
| |Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
|(11)Bind Req | | |
|<-----------------| | |
|Src=R-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
|Dest=L-PRIV-1 | | |
| | | |
|(12)Bind Resp | | |
|----------------->| | |
|Src=L-PRIV-1 | | |
|Dest=L-NAT-PUB-1 | | |
| | | |
| |(13)Bind Resp | |
| |----------------->| |
| |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| |Dest=R-NAT-PUB-1 | |
| | | |
| | |(14)Bind Resp |
| | |----------------->|
| | |Src=L-NAT-PUB-1 |
| | |Dest=R-PRIV-1 |
| | | |
+------------------------+
| Application |
+------------------------+
^ ^
~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~Socket Interface|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| v
+-----------|------------------------------+
| | Transport Layer |
+-----------|------------------------------+
^ |
+-------------|-----|-------------------------------------+
| v v |
| +-----------------------------+ +----------+ | IP
| | Shim |<----->| REAP | | Layer
| +-----------------------------+ +----------+ |
| ^ ^ |
+-----------------------|----------------------|----------+
v v
+------------------------------------------+
| Link Layer |
+------------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
| optname | get | set | description | dtype |
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
| SHIM_ASSOCIATED | o | | Get the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether the | |
| | | | socket is | |
| | | | associated (1) | |
| | | | with any shim | |
| | | | context or not | |
| | | | (0). | |
| SHIM_DONTSHIM | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether or not | |
| | | | to employ | |
| | | | multihoming | |
| | | | support by the | |
| | | | shim sub-layer. | |
| SHIM_HOT_STANDBY | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | parameter to | |
| | | | request the | |
| | | | shim sub-layer | |
| | | | to prepare a | |
| | | | hot-standby | |
| | | | connection. | |
| SHIM_LOC_LOCAL_PREF | o | o | Set the | Note |
| | | | preference | 1 |
| | | | value for a | |
| | | | source locator | |
| | | | for outbound | |
| | | | traffic. Get | |
| | | | the preferred | |
| | | | locator for the | |
| | | | source locator | |
| | | | for outbound | |
| | | | traffic. | |
| SHIM_LOCLIST_PEER | o | o | Get or set the | Note |
| | | | list of | 2 |
| | | | locators | |
| | | | associated with | |
| | | | the peer's EID. | |
| SHIM_APP_TIMEOUT | o | o | Get or set the | int |
| | | | Send Timeout | |
| | | | value of REAP. | |
| SHIM_PATHEXPLORE | o | o | Get or set | Note |
| | | | parameters for | 3 |
| | | | path | |
| | | | exploration and | |
| | | | failure | |
| | | | detection. | |
| SHIM_CONTEXT_DEFERRED_SETUP | o | | Get the | int |
| | | | parameter that | |
| | | | indicates | |
| | | | whether | |
| | | | deferred | |
| | | | context setup | |
| | | | is supported or | |
| | | | not. | |
+-----------------------------+-----+-----+-----------------+-------+
s1 s2 s3 s4
| | | |
+----------------|--|-------|--|----------------+
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| IPPROTO_TCP | TCP | | UDP | |
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| | \ / | |
| | ----- | |
| | / \ | |
| +------+ +------+ |
| IPPROTO_IP | IPv4 | | IPv6 | IPPROTO_IPV6 |
| +------+ +------+ |
| \ / SOL_SOCKET
| +--------\-------/--------+ |
| SOL_SHIM | shim | |
| +--------/-------\--------+ |
| / \ |
| +------+ +------+ |
| | IPv4 | | IPv6 | |
| +------+ +------+ |
| | | |
+------------------|----------|-----------------+
| |
IPv4 IPv6
Datagram Datagram
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|App1| |App2| |App1| |App2|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|^ |^ ^| ^|
v| v| |v |v
-----S1-------------S2----- -----S1-------------S2-----
|| || || ||
|| || || ||
|^ |^ ^| ^|
|| || || ||
|| || || ||
\..............||....................../| ||
\.............||......................./ ||
|| ||
\|...................................../|
\....................................../
Access Node Network Access Server
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| | AN Control | | | | NAS Control | |
| | Application | | | | Application | |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
| | ANCP Agent | | ANCP Messages | | ANCP Agent | |
| | (AN side) |<----------------------->| (NAS side) | |
| +----------------+ | | +----------------+ |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
Access Customer
<--- Aggregation --> <------- Premises ------->
Network Network
+------------------+ +--------------------------+
+---------+ +---+ | +-----+ +------+ | |+-----+ +---+ +---------+ |
NSP| | +-|NAS|-| |ATM |-|Access| --||DSL |-|HGW|-|Subscriber||
---+ Regional| | +---+ | +-----+ | Node | | ||Modem| +---+ |Devices ||
|Broadband| | +---+ | +------+ | |+-----+ +----------+|
ASP|Network |-+-|NAS| +--------------|---+ +--------------------------+
---+ | | +---+ | +--------------------------+
| | | +---+ | |+-----+ +---+ +----------+|
+---------+ +-|NAS| +-----|| DSL |-|HGW|-|Subscriber||
+---+ ||Modem| +---+ |Devices ||
|+-----+ +----------+|
+--------------------------+
HGW: Home Gateway
NAS: Network Access Server
+===================================================================+
| Condition | Action | New State |
+=================+=====================================+===========+
| SYN || SYNACK | Send ACK (Note 2) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && B && C | Send ACK (Note 3) | ESTAB |
+-----------------+-------------------------------------+-----------+
| ACK && !(B && C)| Send RSTACK | ESTAB |
+===================================================================+
+-------------+ +-----+ +-------+ +----------------+
|Radius/AAA |----|NAS |------| DSLAM |----------| CPE |
|Policy Server| +-----+ +-------+ | (DSL Modem + |
+-------------+ |Routing Gateway)|
+----------------+
Port Management Message
(Remote Loopback ATM loopback
Trigger Request) or EFM Loopback
1. ----------------> 2. -------->
<-------+
3. <---------------
Port Management Message
(Remote Loopback Test Response)
+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000011| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=3 Estimate
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000100| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=4 Estimate
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|10000000|00000101| RTT |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Type=128 Length=5 Estimate
[ Packet 1 ]
v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2) [ Packet 2 ]
v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1) v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2)
v4src = IP2; v4dst = IP1 +----------+ v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1)
//===========>| Router |-----------------\
|| | R1 | |
|| +----------+ v
.-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ IPv4 )-. .-(_ IPv6 )-.
(__ Network ) (__ Network )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
^^ |
|| +----------+ |
\\============| Router |<----------------/
[ Packet 1 ] | R2 | [ Packets 0 and 2 ]
v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2) +----------+ v6src = Addr(Prf1, IP2)
v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1) v6dst = Addr(Prf2, IP1)
v4src = IP2; v4dst = IP1
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:3::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host H |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | / fe80::*192.0.2.5
: | (ISATAP) | | (ISATAP) | ; 2001:db8:2::1
+ +------------+ +------------+ \ +--------------+
; fe80::*192.0.2.1 fe80::*192.0.2.2 : | (ISATAP) |
| ; | Host G |
: IPv4 Site -+-' +--------------+
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1, 192.0.2.2) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*192.0.2.3 fe80::*192.0.2.4 .-.
+--------------+ +--------------+ ,-( _)-.
| (ISATAP) | | (ISATAP) | .-(_ IPv6 )-.
| Router C | | Router E |--(__Edge Network )
+--------------+ +--------------+ `-(______)-'
2001:db8:0::/48 2001:db8:1::/48 |
| 2001:db8:1::1
.-. +-------------+
,-( _)-. 2001:db8:0::1 | IPv6 Host F |
.-(_ IPv6 )-. +-------------+ +-------------+
(__Edge Network )--| IPv6 Host D |
`-(______)-' +-------------+
------------
/ \
+-----+ / Ethernet \ +-----+
| RB1 |----< >---| RB2 |
+-----+ \ Cloud / +-----+
\ /
------------
+-----------------------------------------
| RBridge
|
| Forwarding Engine, IS-IS, etc.
| Processing of native and TRILL frames
|
+----+---+--------++----------------------
| | || other ports...
+-------------+ | ||
| | ||
+------------+-------------+ | ||
| RBridge | | +----++-------+ <- EISS
| | | | |
| High-Level Control Frame | | | 802.1Q-2005 |
| Processing (BPDU, VRP) | | | Port VLAN |
| | | | & Priority |
+-----------++-------------+ | | Processing |
|| | | |
+---------++-----------------+---+-------------+ <-- ISS
| |
| 802.1/802.3 Low-Level Control Frame |
| Processing, Port/Link Control Logic |
| |
+-----------++---------------------------------+
||
|| +------------+
|| | 802.3 PHY |
|+--------+ (Physical +--------- 802.3
+---------+ Interface) +--------- Link
| |
+------------+
+------+------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| CHbH | CItE | Reserved |
+------+------+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Priority | C | VLAN ID |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+----------------------------------------------
| RBridge
|
| Interport Forwarding, IS-IS. Management, ...
|
+----++----------------------+-------------++--
|| | ||
TRILL || Data | ||
|| +--+---------+ ||
+-------------++-----+ | TRILL | ||
| Encapsulation | +------+ IS-IS Hello| ||
| Decapsulation | | | Processing | ||
| Processing | | +-----++-----+ ||
+--------------------+ | || ||
| RBridge Appointed +------+ || ||
+---+ Forwarder and | || ||
| | Inhibition Logic +==============\\ || //====++
| +---------+--------+-+ Native \\ ++ //
| | | Frames \++/
| | | ||
+----+-----+ +- - + - - + | ||
| RBridge | | RBridge | | || All TRILL and
| BPDU | | VRP | | || Native Frames
|Processing| |Processing| | ||
+-----++---+ + - - -+- -+ | +--------++--+ <- EISS
|| | | | 802.1Q |
|| | | | Port VLAN |
|| | | |and Priority|
|| | | | Processing |
+---++------------++------+------------+------------+ <-- ISS
| 802.1/802.3 Low-Level Control Frame |
| Processing, Port/Link Control Logic |
+------------++-------------------------------------+
||
|| +------------+
|| | 802.3 PHY |
++========+ (Physical +======== 802.3
| Interface) | Link
+------------+
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
| | Fast | | Slow | | Fast | |
| RB1 +--------+ B1 +--------+ B2 +--------+ RB2 |
| | Link | | Link | | Link | |
+-----+ +----+ +----+ +-----+
0 1 2 3 4 - 15 16 - 19 20 - 31
+----+----+----+----+------------+----------+------------+
| M4 | M6 | R | R | VLAN.start | RESV | VLAN.end |
+----+----+----+----+------------+----------+------------+
| Event | Down | Detect | 2-Way | Report |
+-------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| A1 | 2-Way | 2-Way | 2-Way | Report |
| A2 | Detect | Detect | 2-Way | Report |
| A3 | Detect | Detect | Detect | Detect |
| A4 | N/A | Down | Down | Down |
| A5 | N/A | Detect | Detect | Detect |
| A6 | N/A | N/A | Report | Report |
| A7 | N/A | N/A | 2-Way | 2-Way |
| A8 | Down | Down | Down | Down |
+---------------+
| Down |<--------+
+---------------+ |
| | ^ | |
A2,A3| |A8| |A1 |
| +--+ | |
| +-----------|---+
V | |
+----------------+ A4,A8 | |
+----->| Detect |------->| |
| +----------------+ | |
| | | ^ | |
| A1| |A2,A3,A5 | | |
| | +---------+ | |
| | | |
| | +------------|---+
| | | |
| V V |
|A3,A5 +----------------+ A4,A8 |
|<-----| 2-Way |------->|
| +----------------+ |
| | ^ | ^ |
| A6| | |A1,A2,A7| |
| | | +--------+ |
| | | |
| | |A7 |
| V | |
|A3,A5 +-------------+ A4,A8 |
|<-----| Report |---------->|
+-------------+
| ^
|A1,A2,A6 |
+---------+
| Event | Down | Suspend | DRB | Not DRB |
+-------+--------+---------+---------+---------+
| D1 | DRB | DRB | N/A | N/A |
| D2 | N/A | N/A | Not DRB | Not DRB |
| D3 | N/A | N/A | DRB | DRB |
| D4 | N/A | Suspend | Suspend | Suspend |
| D5 | Down | Down | Down | Down |
+-------------+
| Down |<--------------+
+-+---+-------+ ^ |
| | ^ | |
D1| |D5 | | |
| +---+ |D5 |
| | |
| +--------+----+ |
| | Suspended |<---|---+
| +-+-----+-----+ | |
| D1| ^ | ^ | |
| | | |D4 | | |
| | | +---+ | |
| | | | |
| | |D4 | |
V V | | |
+---------------+-+ D5 | |
| DRB |---------->| |
+--------+--+-----+ | |
^ | | ^ | |
| D2| |D3| | |
| | +--+ | |
| | D4 | |
|D3 | +-----------------|---+
| V | |
+----+-------+-+ D5 |
| Not DRB |-------------->|
+----+---------+
| ^
|D2 |
+----+
-----------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-----------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
C' | | | C' | Intermediate | C | | |
----+--->| Padding |--->| Symbol |--->| Encoding |--+-->
K | | | K' | Generation | L | | |
| +-----------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | (d,a,b, ^ |
| | d1,a1,b1)| |
| | +------------+ |
| | K' | Tuple | |
| +----------------------------->| | |
| | Generation | |
| +------------+ |
| ^ |
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
|
ISI X
B S U H
+-----------------------+-------+------------------+
| | | |
S | G_LDPC,1 | I_S | G_LDPC,2 |
| | | |
+-----------------------+-------+----------+-------+
| | |
H | G_HDPC | I_H |
| | |
+------------------------------------------+-------+
| |
| |
K' | G_ENC |
| |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------+
+-----------+-----------------+---------+
| | | |
| I | All Zeros | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------------+ U |
| | | |
| | | |
| All Zeros | V | |
| | | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------------+---------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
|10.0.0.1
|
|
|10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| | |
| Home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
|||2001:db8:0:1::1
|||
|||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
|||
-------|||-------
/ ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ ||| /
-------|||-------
|||
|||2001:db8:0:2::1
+--------|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
|192.0.2.1
|
--------|--------
/ | \
| Internet |
\ | /
--------|--------
|
|198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
| |10.0.0.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
v |10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| | |
| home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
| |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| | AFTR |
| v ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
| |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
v |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
^ |10.0.0.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
| |10.0.0.2
+---------|---------+
| +-+-+ |
| home router |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
^ |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2 | |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
^ |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
| |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
| Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
|||2001:db8:0:1::1
|||
|||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
|||
-------|||-------
/ ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ ||| /
-------|||-------
|||
|||2001:db8:0:2::1
+--------|||--------+
| AFTR |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
|192.0.2.1
|
--------|--------
/ | \
| Internet |
\ | /
--------|--------
|
|198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
|Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
| |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 1| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| | AFTR |
| v ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
| |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 2 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
v |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-------------------+
| |
|Host 192.0.0.2 |
|+--------+--------+|
|| B4 ||
|+--------+--------+|
+--------|||--------+
^ |||2001:db8:0:1::1
IPv6 datagram 2 | |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP core network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| |||2001:db8:0:2::1
+------|-|||--------+
| AFTR |
| | ||| |
|+--------+--------+|
|| Concentrator ||
|+--------+--------+|
| |NAT| |
| +-+-+ |
+---------|---------+
^ |192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| Internet |
\ | | /
-----|--|--------
| |
| |198.51.100.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| OPTION_AFTR_NAME: 64 | option-len |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| |
| tunnel-endpoint-name (FQDN) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
UAC UAS
| F1 INVITE (SDP) | <- The offer in the offer/answer model.
|-------------------->|
| F2 1xx (SDP) | <- The offer/answer exchange is not
|<--------------------| closed yet, but UAC acts as if it
| | ^ receives the answer.
| F3 1xx-rel (no SDP) | |<- a 1xx-rel may be sent without answer
|<--------------------| | SDP.
| F4 PRACK (no SDP) | |
|-------------------->| | The UAC must not send a new offer.
| F5 2xx PRA (no SDP) | |
|<--------------------| v
| |
| F6 1xx-rel (SDP) | <- The answer in the offer/ answer model.
|<--------------------| -
| F7 PRACK | | The UAC can send a new offer in a PRACK
|-------------------->| | request to acknowledge F6.
| F8 2xx PRA | | After F7, the UAC and UAS can send a new
|<--------------------| v offer in an UPDATE request.
| |
| F9 1xx-rel | <- SDP should not be included in the
|<--------------------| subsequent 1xx-rel once offer/answer
| F10 PRACK | has been completed.
|-------------------->|
| F11 2xx PRA |
|<--------------------|
| |
| F12 2xx INV | <- SDP should not be included in the
|<--------------------| final response once offer/answer has
| F13 ACK | been completed.
|-------------------->|
UAC UAS
| F1 INVITE (no SDP) |
|-------------------->|
| F2 1xx |
|<--------------------|
| |
| F3 1xx-rel (SDP) | <- The first 1xx-rel must contain SDP
|<--------------------| as the offer.
| F4 PRACK (SDP) | <- A PRACK request to the first 1xx-rel
|-------------------->| must contain SDP as the answer.
| F5 2xx PRA (no SDP) | -
|<--------------------| |
| | |
| F6 1xx-rel (no SDP) | <- The subsequent 1xx-rel should not
|<--------------------| | contain SDP.
| F7 PRACK | |
|-------------------->| | The UAC can send a new offer in an UPDATE
| F8 2xx PRA | | request after F4.
|<--------------------| v
| |
| F9 2xx INV (no SDP) | <- The final response should not
|<--------------------| contain SDP.
| F10 ACK |
|-------------------->|
A B
|SDP-1 (offer1)|
M1 |----------------->|
|SDP-2 (answer1)|
M2 |<------\ /-------|
| \/ |
|SDP-3 /\(offer2)|
M3 |<------/ \-------|
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
M1 |==============================>|
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
Mx |------------------------------>| --+
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| |
M2 |<===========\ /===============| | first reliable
| \/ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | response
| /\ (offer2)| |
M3 |<===========/ \===============| <-+
|PRACK/ACK(answer2) |
My |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
Mx |------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) | |
M1 |==============================>| |
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| |
M2 |<===========\ /===============| | first reliable
| \/ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | response
| /\ (offer2)| |
M3 |<===========/ \===============| <-+
|PRACK/ACK(answer2) |
My |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE (no offer)|
1st reliable+-- |<------------------------------|
response | M1|1xx-rel(offer1) |
+-> |==============================>| --+
| PRACK(answer1)| M3| Acknowledge
|<===========\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
|<===========/ \===============| M2
|500-UPD |
|------------------------------>|
|2xx-PRA |
|------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(offer1) |
M1 |==============================>|
| 1xx-rel(answer1)|
|<===========\ /===============| M3
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
+-- |<===========/ \===============| M2
| |491-UPD |
Acknowledge | |------------------------------>|
| |PRACK |
+-> |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 2xx-INV(answer1)|
|<===========\ /===============|
| \/ |
| /\ UPDATE(offer2)|
+-- |<===========/ \===============|
| |491-UPD |
Acknowledge | |------------------------------>|
| |ACK |
+-> |------------------------------>|
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(answer0) |
|------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) | |
M1 |==============================>| |
| 2xx-UPD(answer1)| | Acknowledge
|<===========\ /===============| M3|
| \/ | |
| /\ PRACK(offer2)| M2|
|<===========/ \===============| <-+
| |
A B
| |
| re-INVITE(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(answer0) |
|------------------------------>| --+
|UPDATE(offer1) PRACK(offer2)| M2| Acknowledge
M1 |============\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ |
|<===========/ \==============>|
| 491-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
A B
| |
|re-INVITE(no offer) |
|------------------------------>| --+
| 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | 1st reliable
|UPDATE(offer1) (offer2)| M2| response
M1 |============\ /===============| <-+
| \/ |
| /\ |
|<===========/ \==============>|
| 500-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==========\ |
|re-INVITE \ (no offer) |
|------------\----------------->| --+
| \ 1xx-rel/2xx-INV| | 1st reliable
| \ (offer2)| | response
|<==============\===============| <-+
| \ |
| \============>|
| 500-UPD|
|<------------------------------|
| |
| offer1 | offer2 |Action |Action |Figure|
| M1 | M2 | of A | of B | |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | re-INVITE |UAS-IcI|UAS-IcI| |
| re-INVITE +-----------+-------+-------+ |
| | UPDATE |UAS-IcU|UAS-UcI| |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+ |
| | UPDATE |UAS-UcU|UAS-UcU| |
| +-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | 1xx-rel | | | |
| UPDATE +-----------+UAC-IU,|UAS-IsU|12,13 |
| | 2xx-INV |UAC-UI | | |
| +-----------+-------+-------+------+
| | PRACK (*) |UAC-IU |UAS-IcU| 11 |
+-----------+-----------+-------+-------+------+
(*) invalid sequences if INVITE request is an initial one
A B
| |
| UPDATE|
|<------------------------------|
|UPDATE |
|==============================>|
| 491|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE CSeq:m |
|------------------------------>|
|UPDATE CSeq:n(>m) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (UPDATE CSeq:n)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
| UPDATE(offer1)|
|<------------------------------|
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|==============================>|
| 491 (INVITE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|------------------------------>|
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (INVITE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
| reINVITE(no offer)|
|<------------------------------|
|1xx-rel(offer0) |
|------------------------------>|
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 491 (UPDATE)|
|<==============================|
| |
A B
| |
|reINVITE(no offer) |
|------------------------------>|
| 1xx-rel(offer0)|
|<------------------------------|
|UPDATE(offer1) |
|==============================>|
| 500 (UPDATE)|
|<==============================|
| |
+-------------+ +-----------+
| | Communication Session | |
| A |<------------------------------------>| B |
| | | |
+-------------+ +-----------+
..................................................................
. Session .
. Recording .
. Client .
..................................................................
|
| Recording
| Session
|
v
+------------+
| Session |
| Recording |
| Server |
+------------+
+-------+ +-------------+ +-------+ +------------+
| |1 n| |1 n| |1 n| Data Plane |
| VCG |<>----| VCAT Call |<>----| LSP |<>----| Connection |
| | | | | | |(co-routed) |
+-------+ +-------------+ +-------+ +------------+
"internal-side" "external-side"
+-----+
internal | N | external
address <---| A |---> address
realm | T | realm
+-----+
+------------------------------------+
Private | +----------+ tunnel +----------+ | Public
address --|-| gateway |==========| gateway |-|-- address
realm | +----------+ +----------+ | realm
+------------------------------------+
A+P subsystem
private +-----+ +-----+ public
address ---| B |==========| A |--- Internet
realm +-----+ +-----+
private +-----+ +-----+ public
address ---| B |==========| A |--- Internet
realm 1 +-----+ +-----+
|
private +-----+ |
address ---| C |============/
realm 2 +-----+
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
internal | gateway | | gateway | | gateway | external
realm --| 1 |======| 2 |======| 3 |-- realm
+---------+ +---------+ +---------+
IPv4 Full-A+P AFTR CGN
| | | |
<-- Full IPv4 ---- Port range ---- Port range ---- Provider --->
allocated & dynamic & LSN NAT ONLY
allocation (NAT on CPE (No mechanism)
(no NAT) (NAT on CPE) and on LSN) for customer to
bypass CGN)
+-------------------+
| |----IPv6---\
----IPv4---\| |----IPv4---\\
-----------/| |-----------//
| |-----------/
| SMAP |
| | /--IPv6-----
/---IPv4----| |//---IPv4----
\-----------| |\\-----------
| | \-----------
+-------------------+
+------+ +------+
| |----IPv6---\ | |
----IPv4---\| |----IPv4---\\| |----IPv4---\
-----------/| |-----------//| |-----------/
| |-----------/ | |
| SMAP | | SMAP |
| | /----IPv6---| |
/---IPv4----| |//---IPv4----| |/---IPv4----
\-----------| |\\-----------| |\-----------
| | \-----------| |
+------+ +------+
node A node B
+------+ +------+ +--------+ +------+ +------+
| |--IPv6--\ | | | | | |---IPv6--\ | |
| |--IPv4--\\| |---|-IPv4---|--\| |---IPv4--\\| |
| |--------//| |---|--------|--/| |---------//| |
| |--------/ | | |Internet| | |---------/ | |
| SMAP | | SMAP | | IPv4 | | SMAP | | SMAP |
| | /--IPv6--| | | | | | /---IPv6--| |
| |//--IPv4--| |/--|-IPv4---|---| |//--IPv4---| |
| |\\--------| |\--|--------|---| |\\---------| |
| | \--------| | | | | | \---------| |
+------+ +------+ +--------+ +------+ +------+
Source node A node B Destination
+------+ +------------+ +------+
| | | | | |
| |----IPv6-----|----IPv6----|----IPv6----\ | |
| |----IPv4-----|------------|----IPv4----\\| |
| |-------------|------------|------------//| |
| |-------------|------------|------------/ | |
| SMAP | | Internet v6| | SMAP |
| | /-----IPv6--|------------|-----IPv6-----| |
| |//---IPv4----|------------|-------IPv4---| |
| |\\-----------|------------|--------------| |
| | \-----------|------------|--------------| |
| | | | | |
+------+ +------------+ +------+
Source Destination
+---------------------------+
private | +------+ A+P-in +-----+ | dual-stacked
(RFC 1918) --|-| CPE |==-IPv6-==| PRR |-|-- network
space | +------+ tunnel +-----+ | (public addresses)
| ^ +-----+ |
| | IPv6-only | LSN | |
| | network +-----+ |
+----+----------------- ^ --+
| |
on customer within provider
premises and control network
+------------ IPv6-only transport ------------+
| +---------------+ | | |
| |A+P-application| | +--------+ | +-----+ | dual-stacked
| | on end-host |=|==| CPE w/ |==|==| PRR |-|-- network
| +---------------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ | (public addresses)
+---------------+ | +--------+ | +-----+ |
private IPv4 <-*--+->| NAT | | | LSN | |
address space \ | +--------+ | +-----+ |
for legacy +|--------------|----------+
hosts | |
| |
end-host with | CPE device | provider
upgraded | on customer | network
application | premises |
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
| | 198.51.100.2
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
| |
v | 198.51.100.1
+---------|---------+
|CPE | |
+--------|||--------+
| ||| 2001:db8::2
| ||| 192.0.2.3 (100-200)
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP access network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
v ||| 2001:db8::1
+--------|||--------+
|PRR ||| |
+---------|---------+
| | 192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| ISP network / |
\ Internet /
-----|--|--------
| |
v | 203.0.113.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
+-----------+
| Host |
+-----+-----+
^ | 198.51.100.2
IPv4 datagram 3 | |
| |
| | 198.51.100.1
+---------|---------+
|CPE | |
+--------|||--------+
^ ||| 2001:db8::2
| ||| 192.0.2.3 (100-200)
IPv6 datagram 2| |||
| |||<-IPv4-in-IPv6
| |||
-----|-|||-------
/ | ||| \
| ISP access network |
\ | ||| /
-----|-|||-------
| |||
| ||| 2001:db8::1
+--------|||--------+
|PRR ||| |
+---------|---------+
^ | 192.0.2.1
IPv4 datagram 1 | |
-----|--|--------
/ | | \
| ISP network / |
\ Internet /
-----|--|--------
| |
| | 203.0.113.1
+-----+-----+
| IPv4 Host |
+-----------+
<------ ServerHello (seq=1)
<------ Certificate (seq=2)
<------ ServerHelloDone (seq=3)
ServerHello \
Certificate* \
ServerKeyExchange* Flight 4
CertificateRequest* /
<-------- ServerHelloDone /
Certificate* \
ClientKeyExchange \
CertificateVerify* Flight 5
[ChangeCipherSpec] /
Finished --------> /
PE1
*| *** P2MP LDP LSP
*|*****
P1-----PE2
*/ \*
*/ \*
*****/ \******
PE3----P2 P3----PE4
| |
| |
| |
PE5 PE6
PE1
*| *** P2MP LDP LSP
*|*****
P1-----PE2
*/ \*
*/ \*
*****/ \******
PE3----P2 P3----PE4
*| |*
*| |*
*| |*
PE5 PE6
+---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+ +---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+
|TCP|-| CPE|-| CE |--| PE |-| P |--| P |-| PE |--| CE |-| CPE|-|TCP|
|TTD| | | | |BB| | | | | | | |BB| | | | |TTD|
+---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+ +---+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +---+
<------------------------ NUT ------------------------->
R >-----------------------------------------------------------|
T |
T <-----------------------------------------------------------|
/\ |
/\ |High ssthresh TCP CWND TCP
/\ |Loss Event * halving 3-Loss Recovery Equilibrium
T | * \ upon loss
h | * \ / \ Time-Out Adjusted
r | * \ / \ +--------+ * ssthresh
T o | * \/ \ / Multiple| *
C u | * 2-Congestion\ / Loss | *
P g | * Avoidance \/ Event | *
h | * Half | *
p | * TCP CWND | * 1-Slow Start
u | * 1-Slow Start Min TCP CWND after T-O
t +-----------------------------------------------------------
Time > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
45|
| _______**42.8
40| |64KB |
TCP | | |
Through- 35| | |
put | | | +-----+34.1
(Mbps) 30| | | |64KB |
| | | | |
25| | | | |
| | | | |
20| | | | | _______20.5
| | | | | |64KB |
15| | | | | | |
|*12.8+-----| | | | | |
10| |16KB | | | | | |
| | | |8.5 +-----| | | |
5| | | | |16KB | |5.1 +-----| |
|_____|_____|_____|____|_____|_____|____|16KB |_____|____
10 15 25
RTT (milliseconds)
45|
|
40| +-----+40.9
TCP | | |
Through- 35| | |
put | | |
(Mbps) 30| | |
| | |
25| | |
| | |
20| +-----+20.5 | |
| | | | |
15| | | | |
| | | | |
10| +-----+10.2 | | | |
| | | | | | |
5| +-----+5.1 | | | | | |
|_____|_____|______|_____|______|_____|______|_____|_____
16 32 64 128*
TCP RWND Size (KBytes)
# 4.3.3
value-date-time = element date-time {
xsd:string { pattern = "(\d{8}|--\d{4}|---\d\d)T\d\d(\d\d(\d\d)?)?"
~ "(Z|[+\-]\d\d(\d\d)?)?" }
}
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Network |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
^ | ^ |
|Notifications |Commands |Commands |Notifications
+---|---------------------|-------+ +--|---------------|--------------+
| | V | | | V |
| +------------+ +------------+ | | +-----------+ +----------+ |
| | (D)TLS | | (D)TLS | | | | (D)TLS | | (D)TLS | |
| | (Client) | | (Server) | | | | (Client) | | (Server) | |
| +------------+ +------------+ | | +-----------+ +----------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | |
| +-------------+ | | +--------------+ |
| +-----|------------+ | | +-----|------------+ |
| | V | | | | V | |
| | +--------+ | +-----+ | | | +--------+ | +-----+ |
| | | TLS TM |<--------->|Cache| | | | | TLS TM |<--------->|Cache| |
| | +--------+ | +-----+ | | | +--------+ | +-----+ |
| |Transport Subsys. | ^ | | |Transport Subsys. | ^ |
| +------------------+ | | | +------------------+ | |
| ^ | | | ^ | |
| | +--+ | | | +--+ |
| v | | | V | |
| +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | | | +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | |
| | | |Message | |Securi.| | | | | | |Message | |Securi.| | |
| |Disp.| |Proc. | |Subsys.| | | | |Disp.| |Proc. | |Subsys.| | |
| | | |Subsys. | | | | | | | | |Subsys. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | | | | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | |
| | <--->|v3MP|<--> |TSM|<--+ | | | <--->|v3MP|<--->|TSM|<--+ |
| | | | +----+ | | +---+ | | | | | | +----+ | | +---+ | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ | | +-----+ +--------+ +-------+ |
| ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | |
| +-+------------+ | | +-+----------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| v v | | v V |
| +-------------+ +-------------+ | | +-------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | NOTIFICAT. | | | | COMMAND | | NOTIFICAT. | |
| | RESPONDER | | ORIGINATOR | | | | GENERATOR | | RECEIVER | |
| | application | | application | | | | application | | application | |
| +-------------+ +-------------+ | | +-------------+ +-------------+ |
| SNMP entity | | SNMP entity |
+---------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
+------------------------------+
| Network |
+------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
v v v
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| +--------------------------------------------------+ |
| | Transport Subsystem | +--------+ |
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ | | | |
| | | UDP | | SSH | |(D)TLS | . . . | other |<--->| Cache | |
| | | | | TM | | TM | | | | | | |
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ | +--------+ |
| +--------------------------------------------------+ ^ |
| ^ | |
| | | |
| Dispatcher v | |
| +--------------+ +---------------------+ +----------------+ | |
| | Transport | | Message Processing | | Security | | |
| | Dispatch | | Subsystem | | Subsystem | | |
| | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | +->| v1MP |<--->| | USM | | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | | |
| | | | +->| v2cMP |<--->| | Transport | | | |
| | Message | | | +------------+ | | | Security |<--+ |
| | Dispatch <---->| +------------+ | | | Model | | |
| | | | +->| v3MP |<--->| +------------+ | |
| | | | | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | PDU Dispatch | | | +------------+ | | | Other | | |
| +--------------+ | +->| otherMP |<--->| | Model(s) | | |
| ^ | +------------+ | | +------------+ | |
| | +---------------------+ +----------------+ |
| v |
| +-------+-------------------------+---------------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
| v v v |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| | COMMAND | | ACCESS | | NOTIFICATION | | PROXY | |
| | RESPONDER |<->| CONTROL |<->| ORIGINATOR | | FORWARDER | |
| | application | | | | applications | | application | |
| +-------------+ +---------+ +--------------+ +-------------+ |
| ^ ^ |
| | | |
| v v |
| +----------------------------------------------+ |
| | MIB instrumentation | SNMP entity |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------+
normal mode sw1 | media | media
Primary stream ======================o___o==>| decoder |===> output
AS stream ---- +---------+ device
| AS mode o
| +---------+ |
| | anti- | |
------->| shadow |----
| buffer |
+---------+
|
V
expired frames
discarded
Sending Receiving
Entity Entity
+----------------+ +----------------+
| Server A | | Server B |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | -+
| | Control | | F | | Control | | |
| | Function |<-+------+--| Function | | |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| T | | | ^ | | Overload
| v | | | S | | Control
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| | Actuator | | | | Monitor | | |
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
| | | | ^ | -+
| v | | | | -+
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
<-+--| SIP | | | | SIP | | | SIP
--+->|Processor |--+------+->|Processor |--+-> | System
| +----------+ | | +----------+ | |
+----------------+ +----------------+ -+
+---------+ +------(+)---------+
+------+ | | | ^ |
| | | +---+ | | +---+
v | v //=>| C | v | //=>| C |
+---+ +---+ // +---+ +---+ +---+ // +---+
| A |===>| B | | A |===>| B |
+---+ +---+ \\ +---+ +---+ +---+ \\ +---+
^ \\=>| D | ^ | \\=>| D |
| +---+ | | +---+
| | | v |
+---------+ +------(+)---------+
SOURCE FLOWS | INSTANCE #1
S6: Source Flow |--------| R5: Repair Flow
|
|--------| INSTANCE #2
| R6: Repair Flow
Common Header
|
+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| | | |
REDIRECT-TLV LFBselect-TLV ASResult-TLV ASTreason-TLV
|
|
OPER-TLV
|
|
PATH-DATA-TLV ---> Optional KEYINFO-TLV
|
+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| | | |
SPARSEDATA-TLV RESULT-TLV FULLDATA-TLV PATH-DATA-TLV
Source node Up MEP Destination node Up MEP
------------------------ ------------------------
| | | |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| MEP | | | | | | MEP |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->- ->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |
| i/f | ---- | i/f | | i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | |
------------------------ ------------------------
(1) (2)
Source node Down MEP Destination node Down MEP
------------------------ ------------------------
| | | |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | MEP | | MEP | | |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->- ->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |
| i/f | ---- | i/f | | i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----| |----- -----|
| | | |
------------------------ ------------------------
(3) (4)
Intermediate node
------------------------
| |
|----- -----|
| MIP | | MIP |
| | ---- | |
->-| In |->-| FW |->-| Out |->-
| i/f | ---- | i/f |
|----- -----|
| |
------------------------
==============================
/**********Working path***********\
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
| Node /| |\ Node |
| A {< | | >} B |
| | | |
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
Protection path
==============================
==============================
/**********Working path************\
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
| Node /| |\ Node |
| A {< | | >} Z |
| \| |/ |
+--------+ ============================== +--------+
\**********Protection path*********/
==============================
|< ---- client signal (e.g., IP / MPLS / L2) -------- >|
|< --------- SP1 ---------- >|< ------- SP2 ----- >|
|< ---------- MPLS-TP End-to-End PW --------- >|
|< -------- MPLS-TP End-to-End LSP ------ >|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
|CE1|-|-|PE1|--|P1 |--|P2 |--|PE2|-|-|PEa|--|Pa |--|PEb|-|-|CE2|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
UNI NNI UNI
GMPLS
TE-RTG, |<-----|------|------|-------|------|----->|
& RSVP-TE
|< ------- client signal (e.g., IP / MPLS / L2) ----- >|
|< -------- SP1 ----------- >|< ------- SP2 ----- >|
|< ----------- MPLS-TP End-to-End PW -------- >|
|< ------- MPLS-TP End-to-End LSP ------- >|
|< -- H-LSP1 ---- >|<-H-LSP2->|<- H-LSP3 ->|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
|CE1|-|-|PE1|--|P1 |--|P2 |--|PE2|-|-|PEa|--|Pa |--|PEb|-|-|CE2|
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
UNI NNI UNI
..... .....
End2end |MEP|--------------------------------------|MEP|
PW OAM ''''' '''''
..... ..... ..... .....
End2end |MEP|----------------|MIP|---|MIP|---------|MEP|
LSP OAM ''''' ''''' ''''' '''''
..... ..... ..... ......... ......... ..... .....
Segment |MEP|-|MIP|-|MIP|-|MEP|MEP|-|MEP|MEP|-|MIP|-|MEP|
LSP OAM ''''' ''''' ''''' ''''''''' ''''''''' ''''' '''''
H-LSP GMPLS
TE-RTG |<-----|------|----->||<---->||<-----|----->|
&RSVP-TE (within an MPLS-TP network)
E2E GMPLS
TE-RTG |< ------------------|--------|------------>|
&RSVP-TE
T1 T2
+-------+/ Query \+-------+
| | - - - - - - - - ->| |
| A |===================| B |
| |<- - - - - - - - - | |
+-------+\ Response /+-------+
T4 T3
Server Indication Control-Plane Indication
-----------------+ +-------------
Operator Command | | OAM Indication
----------------+ | | +---------------
| | | |
V V V V
+---------------+ +-------+
| Local Request |<--------| WTR |
| logic |WTR Exps | Timer |
+---------------+ +-------+
| ^
Highest local|request |
V | Start/Stop
+-----------------+ |
Remote PSC | PSC Control |------------+
------------>| logic |
Request +-----------------+
|
| Action +------------+
+---------------->| Message |
| Generator |
+------------+
|
Output PSC | Message
V
+-----+ //=======================\\ +-----+
|LER-A|// Working Path \\|LER-Z|
| /| |\ |
| ?< | | >? |
| \|\\ Protection Path //|/ |
+-----+ \\=======================// +-----+
| OC | LO | SF-P | FS | SF-W | SFc | MS | WTRExp
--------+-----+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-------
N | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
UA:LO:L | N | i | i | i | i | i | i | i
UA:P:L | i |UA:LO:L| i |PA:F:L| i | [5] | i | i
UA:LO:R | i |UA:LO:L| [1] | i | [2] | [6] | i | i
UA:P:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L| [3] | [6] | i | i
PF:W:L | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L| i | [7] | i | i
PF:W:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i | i | i
PA:F:L | N |UA:LO:L| i | i | i | i | i | i
PA:M:L | N |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i | i | i
PA:F:R | i |UA:LO:L| i |PA:F:L| [4] | [8] | i | i
PA:M:R | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
WTR | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| [9]
DNR | i |UA:LO:L|UA:P:L|PA:F:L|PF:W:L| i |PA:M:L| i
| LO | SF-P | FS | SF-W | MS | WTR | DNR | NR
--------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------
N |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | i
UA:LO:L | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | i
UA:P:L | [10] | i | [19] | i | i | i | i | i
UA:LO:R | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | [16]
UA:P:R |UA:LO:R| i |PA:F:R| i | i | i | i | [16]
PF:W:L | [11] | [12] |PA:F:R| i | i | i | i | i
PF:W:R |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| i | i | [14] | [15] | N
PA:F:L |UA:LO:R| i | i | i | i | i | i | i
PA:M:L |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| [13] | i | i | i | i
PA:F:R |UA:LO:R| i | i | i | i | i | DNR | [17]
PA:M:R |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R| [13] | i | i | DNR | N
WTR |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | [18]
DNR |UA:LO:R|UA:P:R|PA:F:R|PF:W:R|PA:M:R| i | i | i
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| P | A0 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L0 | X00 | X01 | X02 | X03 | X04 | X05 | X06 | X07 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L1 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | X16 | X17 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L2 | X20 | X21 | X22 | X23 | X24 | X25 | X26 | X27 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L3 | X30 | X31 | X32 | X33 | X34 | X35 | X36 | X37 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L4 | X40 | X41 | X42 | X43 | X44 | X45 | X46 | X47 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L5 | X50 | X51 | X52 | X53 | X54 | X55 | X56 | X57 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L6 | X60 | X61 | X62 | X63 | X64 | X65 | X66 | X67 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| L7 | X70 | X71 | X72 | X73 | X74 | X75 | X76 | X77 |
|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
| Frame Tag | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| frame_tag | f(24) |
| if (key_frame) { | |
| start_code | f(24) |
| horizontal_size_code | f(16) |
| vertical_size_code | f(16) |
| } | |
| Frame Header | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (key_frame) { | |
| color_space | L(1) |
| clamping_type | L(1) |
| } | |
| segmentation_enabled | L(1) |
| if (segmentation_enabled) | |
| update_segmentation() | |
| filter_type | L(1) |
| loop_filter_level | L(6) |
| sharpness_level | L(3) |
| mb_lf_adjustments() | |
| log2_nbr_of_dct_partitions | L(2) |
| quant_indices() | |
| if (key_frame) | |
| refresh_entropy_probs | L(1) |
| update_segmentation() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| update_mb_segmentation_map | L(1) |
| update_segment_feature_data | L(1) |
| if (update_segment_feature_data) { | |
| segment_feature_mode | L(1) |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| quantizer_update | L(1) |
| if (quantizer_update) { | |
| quantizer_update_value | L(7) |
| quantizer_update_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| loop_filter_update | L(1) |
| if (loop_filter_update) { | |
| lf_update_value | L(6) |
| lf_update_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| if (update_mb_segmentation_map) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { | |
| segment_prob_update | L(1) |
| if (segment_prob_update) | |
| segment_prob | L(8) |
| } | |
| } | |
| mb_lf_adjustments() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| loop_filter_adj_enable | L(1) |
| if (loop_filter_adj_enable) { | |
| mode_ref_lf_delta_update | L(1) |
| if (mode_ref_lf_delta_update) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| ref_frame_delta_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (ref_frame_delta_update_flag) { | |
| delta_magnitude | L(6) |
| delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| mb_mode_delta_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (mb_mode_delta_update_flag) { | |
| delta_magnitude | L(6) |
| delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| quant_indices() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| y_ac_qi | L(7) |
| y_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y_dc_delta_present) { | |
| y_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| y2_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y2_dc_delta_present) { | |
| y2_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y2_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| y2_ac_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (y2_ac_delta_present) { | |
| y2_ac_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| y2_ac_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| uv_dc_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (uv_dc_delta_present) { | |
| uv_dc_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| uv_dc_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| uv_ac_delta_present | L(1) |
| if (uv_ac_delta_present) { | |
| uv_ac_delta_magnitude | L(4) |
| uv_ac_delta_sign | L(1) |
| } | |
| token_prob_update() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { | |
| for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) { | |
| for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) { | |
| for (l = 0; l < 11; l++) { | |
| coeff_prob_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (coeff_prob_update_flag) | |
| coeff_prob | L(8) |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| mv_prob_update() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { | |
| for (j = 0; j < 19; j++) { | |
| mv_prob_update_flag | L(1) |
| if (mv_prob_update_flag) | |
| prob | L(7) |
| } | |
| } | |
| Macroblock Data | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| macroblock_header() | |
| residual_data() | |
| macroblock_header() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (update_mb_segmentation_map) | |
| segment_id | T |
| if (mb_no_skip_coeff) | |
| mb_skip_coeff | B(p) |
| if (!key_frame) | |
| is_inter_mb | B(p) |
| if (is_inter_mb) { | |
| mb_ref_frame_sel1 | B(p) |
| if (mb_ref_frame_sel1) | |
| mb_ref_frame_sel2 | B(p) |
| mv_mode | T |
| if (mv_mode == SPLITMV) { | |
| mv_split_mode | T |
| for (i = 0; i < numMvs; i++) { | |
| sub_mv_mode | T |
| if (sub_mv_mode == NEWMV4x4) { | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } else if (mv_mode == NEWMV) { | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| read_mvcomponent() | |
| } | |
| } else { /* intra mb */ | |
| intra_y_mode | T |
| if (intra_y_mode == B_PRED) { | |
| for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) | |
| intra_b_mode | T |
| } | |
| intra_uv_mode | T |
| } | |
| residual_data() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| if (!mb_skip_coeff) { | |
| if ( (is_inter_mb && mv_mode != SPLITMV) || | |
| (!is_inter_mb && intra_y_mode != B_PRED) ) | |
| residual_block() /* Y2 */ | |
| for (i = 0; i < 24; i++) | |
| residual_block() /* 16 Y, 4 U, 4 V */ | |
| } | |
| residual_block() | Type |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----- |
| for (i = firstCoeff; i < 16; i++) { | |
| token | T |
| if (token == EOB) break; | |
| if (token_has_extra_bits) | |
| extra_bits | L(n) |
| if (coefficient != 0) | |
| sign | L(1) |
| } | |
|---| Path |---|
| I |------------------->| E |
| n | -SENDER_TSPEC | g |
| g | -ADSPEC | r |
| r | -UPSTREAM_FLOWSPEC | e |
| e | | s |
| s | Resv | s |
| s |<-------------------| |
| | -FLOWSPEC | |
| | -UPSTREAM_TSPEC | |
| | -UPSTREAM_ADSPEC | |
|---| |---|
-------- -------- -------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \ / D \
| (*) | | (*) | | (*) | | (*) |
| | |<============>| |<=============>| |<=============>| | |
| - | | - | | - | | - |
\ / \ / \ / \ /
-------- -------- -------- --------
------------------------- -------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \
| (*) (*) | -- | | | |
| | |<============>| | |--|FW|--| |--------| |
| - - | -- | | | |
\ / \ / \ /
------------------------- -------- --------
-------- -------------------------- --------
/ A \ / B \ / C \
| | | (*) (*) | | |
| |-------TT | |<=============>| | TT------- | |
| | | - - | | |
\ / \ / \ /
-------- -------------------------- --------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| (*) | | (*) |
| | |<=====================================>| | |
| - | | - |
\ / \ /
-------- --------
\ /
\ ------------------------- /
\ / B \ /
\| |/
TT TT
| |
\ /
-------------------------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| (*) | | (*) |
| | |<=====================================>| | |
| - | | - |
\ / \ /
-------- --------
\ /
\ ------------------------- /
\ / B \ /
\| (*) (*) |/
TT | |<============>| | TT
| - - |
\ /
-------------------------
-------- --------
/ A \ / A \
| | | |
| | ------------------------ | |
| (*) | /(*) (*) \ | (*) |
| | |<======>| |<============>| |<=========>| | |
| - | | - - | | - |
\ / | \ - - / | \ /
-------- | TT-| | | |-TT | --------
| - - |
\ /
------------------------
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3
0 . . . 7 8 . . . 5 6 . . . 3 4 . . . 1
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| Length | P-Type = APP_RESOURCE_PRI |
+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
// ALRP List //
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
ALRP:
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 3
0 . . . 7 8 . . . 5 6 . . . 3 4 . . . 1
+---------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| ALRP Namespace | Reserved |ALRP Value |
+---------------------------+---------------------------+
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
(1)(2)(3) | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. | | .
. . . | | .
Capacity. . . | | .
v . . | | v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v | | v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
. . . | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v | | v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ | | ^
. . . | | .
Total . . . | | . Bandwidth
. . . | | . available
Engi- . . . | | . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available
Engi- . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
v . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v
. . |--------------| ---
v . | | ^
. | | . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available
Engi- . . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . for non-priority use
neered .or.or. |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
. . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Capacity. . . | | .
v . . | | v
. . |--------------| ---
v . |oooooooooooooo| ^
. |oooooooooooooo| . Bandwidth available for
v |oooooooooooooo| v priority use
-------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
| | . . available for
| | v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
| | . use
| | .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . available for
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
| | . use
| | .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
| | . . Bandwidth
| | . . available for
|oooooooooooooo| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
|oooooooooooooo| . use
|oooooooooooooo| .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . ^
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . available for .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . non-priority .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . use .
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . Bandwidth
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . . available for
|xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| v . non-priority
|--------------| --- . and priority
|oooooooooooooo| . use
|oooooooooooooo| .
|oooooooooooooo| v
---------------------------------------
-----------------------
^ ^ | | ^
. . | | .
Total . . | | . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) | | . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . | | . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . | | . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . |oooooooooooooo| . for admission
neered . or . | | . of non-priority traffic
. . | | .
Capacity. . | | .
v . | | v
. |--------------| ---
. | |
v | |
| |
-----------------------
^ ^ |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| ^
. . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| .
Total . . |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . Bandwidth limit
(1) (2) |xxxxxxxxxxxxxx| . (on non-priority + priority)
Engi- . . |oooooooooooooo| . for admission
neered . or . |xxxooxxxooxxxo| . of non-priority traffic
. . |xxoxxxxxxoxxxx| .
Capacity. . |oxxxooooxxxxoo| .
v . |xxoxxxooxxxxxx| v
. |--------------| ---
. |oooooooooooooo|
v | |
| |
+--------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
| Originating SSP | Assisting LUF and LRF | Terminating SSP |
| Domain | Provider Domain | Domain |
| | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | +------+ +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
| |O-LUF| |O-LRF| | |A-LUF | | A-LRF| | |T-LUF| |T-LRF| |
| +-----+ +-----+ | +------+ +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | |
| +-------+ +-----+ +------------------------+ +-----+ +-------+ |
| |O-Proxy| |O-SBE| | Indirect SSP Domain | |T-SBE| |T-Proxy| |
| +-------+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-------+ |
| | +-----+ +-----+ | |
| +---+ +-----+ | |O-SBE| |O-DBE| | +-----+ +---+ |
| |UAC| |O-DBE| | +-----+ +-----+ | |T-DBE| |UAS| |
| +---+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +---+ |
| | | |
+--------------------+------------------------+--------------------+
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP | | T-SSP |
| +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| |O-LUF| | | |T-LUF| |
| |O-LRF| | | /|T-LRF| |
| /+-----+\ | | / +-----+ |
| (2) (4,5,6) | | / |
| / \ | | /(8,9) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-----(7)-----+T-SBE|-(10)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (11) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +======|O-DBE+=====(12)====+T-DBE|=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
example.com example.net
+-----------------+
|LUF/LRF Provider |
| |
| +-------+ |
| +-+ A-LUF | |
| / | A-LRF | |
+--------------------+ / ++-------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP |/ / | T-SSP |
| +------------/(4,5,6) | +-----+ |
| / | / | |T-LUF| |
| (2) +-+/ | +-|T-LRF| |
| / / | | / +-----+ |
| / / | | /(8,9) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-------(7)-------+T-SBE|-(10)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (11) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +======|O-DBE+=======(12)======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------+ +---------------------+
example.com example.net
+------------------+
| LUF/LRF Provider |
| I-SSP |
| +-------+ |
| ---+ A-LUF | |
| / | A-LRF | |
+--------------------+ / +-------+ +---------------------+
| O-SSP |/ / | T-SSP |
| +-------------/ / | +-----+ |
| / |(4,5,6) | |T-LUF| |
| / | / | +----+T-LRF| |
| (2) + +--- | / +-----+ |
| / / | | /(9,10) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+-(7)-+I-SBE+-(8)--+T-SBE+-(11)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (12) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +=(13)=|O-DBE+=====+I-DBE+======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
example.com example.org example.net
+--------------------+-------------------+---------------------+
| O-SSP | I-SSP | T-SSP |
| +-----+ | | +-----+ |
| -+O-LUF| | | |T-LUF| |
| / |O-LRF+\ | | +----+T-LRF| |
| / +-----+ \ | | / +-----+ |
| /(2) \(4,5,6) | /(9,10) |
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
||O-Proxy|-(3)-|O-SBE+--(7)-+I-SBE+-(8)--+T-SBE+-(11)-|T-Proxy||
|+-------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-------+|
| | | | | |
| (1) | | (12) |
| | | | | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
| | UAC +=(13)=+O-DBE+======+I-DBE+======+T-DBE+=======+ UAS | |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
example.com example.org example.net
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------+ |
| +------>| GDOI GCKS |<------+ |
| | +--------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| GROUPKEY-PULL | GROUPKEY-PULL |
| PROTOCOL | PROTOCOL |
| | | | |
| v GROUPKEY-PUSH v |
| +-----------------+ PROTOCOL +-----------------+ |
| | | | | | |
| | GDOI GM(s) |<-------+-------->| GDOI GM(S) | |
| | | | | |
| +-----------------+ +-----------------+ |
| | ^ |
| v | |
| +-Data Security Protocol (e.g., ESP)-+ |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
......GKS1.............
: : : : :
: : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3-----destination
| |
|<-----domain 1----------------->|
...............GKS1....................
: : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3--------R4--R5--R6--destination
| | | |
|<-----domain 1--->| |<-------domain 2----->|
....GKS1...... ....GKS2.........
: : : : : : : :
: : : : : : : :
source--R1--R2--R3--------R4--R5--R6--destination
| | | |
|<-----domain 1--->| |<-------domain 2----->|
|<-->|
domain 3
^ Traffic Convergence
Fwd | Start Recovery
Rate | Instant Instant
| Offered ^ ^
| Load --> ----------\ /-----------
| \ /<--- Convergence
| \ Packet / Recovery
| Convergence --->\ Loss / Transition
| Event \ /
| Transition \---------/ <-- Max Packet Loss
|
+--------------------------------------------------------->
^ ^ time
Convergence First Route
Event Instant Convergence Instant
-------
| | Preferred .......
| |------------------. RTb .
....... Ingress | | Egress Interface .......
. RTa .------------| DUT |
....... Interface | | Next-Best .......
| |------------------. RTc .
| | Egress Interface .......
-------
-------
| | Preferred .......
| |------------------. RTb .
| | Egress Interface .......
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |------------------. RTc1 .
. RTa .------------| DUT | Interface 1 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |------------------. RTcN .
| | Interface N ........
-------
--------
| | -------- Preferred .......
| |--| DUT2 |------------------. RTb .
....... Ingress | | -------- Egress Interface .......
. RTa .------------| DUT1 |
....... Interface | | Next-Best .......
| |----------------------------. RTc .
| | Egress Interface .......
--------
--------
| | -------- Preferred .......
| |--| DUT2 |------------------. RTb .
| | -------- Egress Interface .......
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |----------------------------. RTc1 .
. RTa .------------| DUT1 | Interface 1 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |----------------------------. RTcN .
| | Interface N ........
--------
-------
| | ECMP Set ........
| |-------------. RTb1 .
| | Interface 1 ........
....... Ingress | | .
. RTa .------------| DUT | .
....... Interface | | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |-------------. RTbN .
| | Interface N ........
-------
--------
| | ECMP Set -------- ........
| |-------------| DUT2 |---. RTb1 .
| | Interface 1 -------- ........
| |
| | ECMP Set ........
....... Ingress | |------------------------. RTb2 .
. RTa .------------| DUT1 | Interface 2 ........
....... Interface | | .
| | .
| | .
| | ECMP Set ........
| |------------------------. RTbN .
| | Interface N ........
--------
------- .......
| | Parallel Link . .
| |----------------. .
| | Interface 1 . .
....... Ingress | | . . .
. RTa .------------| DUT | . . RTb .
....... Interface | | . . .
| | Parallel Link . .
| |----------------. .
| | Interface N . .
------- .......
^
Fwd |
Rate |------------- ............
| \ .
| \ .
| \ .
| \ .
|.................-.-.-.-.-.-.----------------
+----+-------+---------------+----------------->
^ ^ ^ ^ time
T0 CEI Ta Ta'
^
Fwd |
Rate |------------- .................
Rta | | .
| | .
|.............-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.----------------
+----+-------+---------------+----------------->
^ ^ ^ ^ time
T0 CEI Ta Ta'
^
Fwd |
Rate |-------- -----------
| \ /
| \ /
| \ /
| \ /
| ---------------
+------------------------------------------>
^ ^ ^ ^ time
Ta Tb Ta' Tb'
Tb'' Ta''
+-----------+
+--------------| Tester |<-----------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| ------------ | ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | V | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|------------------|Merge Node| Primary
------------ ---------- Path
| ^
| --------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |-------------+ Path
| Node |
---------
+-----------+
+--------------------| Tester |<-----------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| V |
| ------------ -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | |Midpoint| | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|----| Node |----|Merge Node| Primary
------------ -------- ---------- Path
| ^
| --------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |-------------+ Path
| Node |
---------
+-----------+
+---------------------------| Tester |<----------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| Primary Path | |
| ------------ -------- | -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress/ | |Midpoint| V |Midpoint| | Egress/ |---+
|Headend Node|----| Node |---| Node |---|Merge Node|
------------ -------- -------- ----------
| ^
| --------- -------- | Backup
+--------| Backup |----| Backup |--------+ Path
| Node | | Node |
--------- --------
+-----------+
+--------------------| Tester |<-------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| Primary | |
| +--------+ Path v +--------+ |
| | |------------------------>| | |
+--->| Ingress| | Egress |----+
| Node |- - - - - - - - - - - - >| Node |
+--------+ Backup Path +--------+
| |
| IP-Layer Forwarding |
+<----------------------------------------->+
+-----------+
+-----------------| Tester |<--------------------+
| +-----------+ |
| IP Traffic | Failover IP Traffic |
| | Event |
| V |
| --------- -------- ---------- |
+--->| Ingress | |Primary | | Egress/ |------+
| Node |----| Node |----|Merge Node| Primary
--------- -------- ---------- Path
| State |Control ^
| Interface |(Optional) |
| --------- |
+---------| Standby |---------+
| Node |
---------
+------+------+------+------+
(a) | RTP | VS | VO | VOL |
|header|header|header|header|
+------+------+------+------+
+------+------+------+------+------+------------+
(b) | RTP | VS | VO | VOL | VOP |Video Packet|
|header|header|header|header|header| |
+------+------+------+------+------+------------+
+------+-----+------------------+
(c) | RTP | GOV |Video Object Plane|
|header| | |
+------+-----+------------------+
+------+------+------------+ +------+------+------------+
(d) | RTP | VOP |Video Packet| | RTP | VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| (1) | |header|header| (2) |
+------+------+------------+ +------+------+------------+
+------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+
(e) | RTP | VP |Video Packet| VP |Video Packet| VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| (1) |header| (2) |header| (3) |
+------+------+------------+------+------------+------+------------+
+------+------+------------+ +------+------------+
(f) | RTP | VOP |VOP fragment| | RTP |VOP fragment|
|header|header| (1) | |header| (2) | . . .
+------+------+------------+ +------+------------+
+------+-------------+ +------+------------+------------+
(a) | RTP |First half of| | RTP |Last half of|Video Packet|
|header| VP header | |header| VP header | |
+------+-------------+ +------+------------+------------+
+------+------+----------+ +------+---------+------+------------+
(b) | RTP | VOP |First half| | RTP |Last half| VP |Video Packet|
|header|header| of VP(1) | |header| of VP(1)|header| (2) |
+------+------+----------+ +------+---------+------+------------+
Web server MMS Gateway
| |
-+--Internet---- ----Operator network--+-
| |
+-------+ +-------+
|WLAN AP| | GGSN |
+-------+ +-------+
| +--------+ |
+--------|Cellular|--------+
|device |
+--------+
A B C D E
o -------- o -------- o --------- o --------- o
\_____/ | \______/ \______/ | \______/
LDP | RSVP RSVP | LDP
| |
\____________________/
LDP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o -------- o ------- o
\_____/ \______/ \______/ \______/ \_______/
LDP LDP BGP RSVP RSVP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o -------- o ------- o
\_____/ \______/ \______/ \______/ \_______/
LDP LDP BGP RSVP RSVP
A B C D E F
o -------- o -------- o --------- o --------- o --------- o
\_____/ |\____________________/ |\_______/
LDP |\ RSVP-A | LDP
| \_______________________________/|
| RSVP-B |
\________________________________/
LDP
A B C D E F G
o -------- o -------- o ------ o ------ o ----- o ----- o
LDP LDP BGP \ RSVP RSVP / LDP
\_____________/
LDP
+--+
| | UP, ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | MIS-CONNECTIVITY,| |
| | ADMIN DOWN,| |
| |ADMIN DOWN, DOWN,| |
| |TIMER TIMER,| |
V |LDI,LKR LDI,LKR | V
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | |INIT, UP
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+
+------+ +------+
+--+
| | UP, ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | | |
| |ADMIN DOWN ADMIN DOWN | |
| |TIMER, | |
| |LDI, | |
V |LKR | V
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | | INIT, UP, DOWN,
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+ LDI, LKR
+------+ +------+
+--+
| | ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, LDI, LKR
| V
DOWN +------+ INIT, UP
+------------| |------------+
| | DOWN | |
| +-------->| |<--------+ |
| | +------+ | |
| | MIS-CONNECTIVITY,| |
| | ADMIN DOWN,| |
| |ADMIN DOWN, TIMER, | |
| |TIMER, DOWN, | |
| |LDI, LDI, | V
V |LKR LKR | |
+------+ +------+
+----| | | |----+
DOWN| | INIT |--------------------->| UP | |INIT, UP
+--->| | INIT, UP | |<---+
+------+ +------+
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Configure-Nak |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (3) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (4) IPCP Configure-Ack |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=80 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=496 |
|<===============================================|
| |
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Configure-Reject |
| PORT RANGE VALUE=0 |
| PORT RANGE MASK=0 |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (3) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (4) IPCP Configure-Nak |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|<===============================================|
| |
| (5) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (6) IPCP Configure-Ack |
| IP ADDRESS=a.b.c.d |
|<===============================================|
| |
+-----+ +-----+
| Host| | BRAS|
+-----+ +-----+
| |
| (1) IPCP Configure-Request |
| IP ADDRESS=0.0.0.0 |
|===============================================>|
| |
| (2) IPCP Protocol-Reject |
|<===============================================|
| |
_____ _____ _____ _____
| TEP |_________| R1 |-------------| R2 |_________| TEP |
|__A__| |_____|-------------|_____| |__B__|
tunnel ECMP or LAG tunnel
here
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request w/Location | |
|----------------------------------->| |
| | |
| Response | |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request w/Location URI | |
|----------------------------------->| |
| | Dereference |
| | Request |
| (To: Location URI) |
| |---------------->|
| | |
| | Dereference |
| | Response |
| (includes Location Object) |
| |<----------------|
| Response | |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | Request | |
| | w/Location | |
| |------------------>| |
| | | |
| | Response | |
| |<------------------| |
| Response | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
Alice SIP Intermediary Bob LS
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | | |
| Rejected | | |
| w/New Location | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
| Request | | |
| w/New Location | | |
|--------------->| | |
| | Request | |
| | w/New Location | |
| |------------------>| |
| | | |
Configuration Servers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
. +--------+ +----------+ .
. +--------+ | +----------+ | .
. | LIS | | | SIP | | .
. | |-+ | Registrar|-+ .
. +--------+ +----------+ .
. ^ ^ .
. . | . . . . . . . | . . . . . .
| |
|[M1][M4] |[M2]
| | +--------+
|+--------------+ +--------+ |
|| | LoST | |
||+-------------------->| Servers|-+
||| [M3][M5] +--------+ +-------+
||| | PSAP2 |
||| +-------+
|||
||| [M6] +-------+ [M7]+------+ [M8]+-------+
Alice ------>| Proxy |---->| ESRP |---->| PSAP1 |-----> Call Taker
+-------+ +------+ +-------+
+--------+
| Event |
+--------+ |Resource| +--------+
| Event | +--------+ | Event |
|Resource| | |Resource|
+---.=---+ | +---=----+
`-.. | _.--'
``-._ | _.--'
+'--'--'-+
|Resource|
| List |
| Server |
+---.----+
|
|
)--+---(
| | .--------.
|Buffer|<======'max-rate|
| | `--------'
)--.---(
|
|
.---+---.
| Event |
|Watcher|
`-------'
[ Feedback Consumer Database ]
|
V
[ User ] [ Mailbox ] [ Feedback ]
[ Reports ]--->[ Provider ]--SMTP-->[ Provider ]
[ Spam ] | |
V V [ Feedback ]
[Spam Filter Rules] [ ARF Message ]--SMTP-->[ Consumer ]
__________________________
\ ***** \
,===============***====, *** \
/ ** \ / ** \
/ POI 1 ** \ / ** \
/ o ** X ** \
/ ** / \ USER ** \
/ ** / \ 0 ** \
/ ** / \ POI 3 ** \
/ ** / \ o ** \
/ ,--------**-/---------\----------**--, \
`=====================** \________**___|___________\
| ** ** |
| o *** *** |
| POI 2 ***** |
`------------------------------------'
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+
|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length |
|I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16/64) |
|N|V|V|V| |S| | (if payload len==126/127) |
| |1|2|3| |K| | |
+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127 |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+
| |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1 |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data |
+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
: Payload Data continued ... :
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Payload Data continued ... |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Native |<------Multi-Segment Pseudowire------>| Native
Service | GEM/XGEM | Service
(AC) | |<--Port-->| | (AC)
| | | | | |
| | | PSN | PSN | |
| | |<-Tunnel->| |<-Tunnel->| | |
| V V V V V V |
| +----+ +-----+ +----+ |
+----+ | |TPE1|===========|S-PE1|==========|TPE2| | +----+
| |------|..... PW.Seg't1....X....PW.Seg't3.....|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|..... PW.Seg't2....X....PW.Seg't4.....|-------| |
+----+ | | |===========| |==========| | | +----+
Base ^ +----+ +-----+ +----+ ^
Station | Provider Edge 1 ^ Provider Edge 2 |
| ONU | |
| PW switching point |
| OLT |
| |
|<------------------ Emulated Service --------------->|
Base ----AC-- TPE1--PW over PON--SPE1--PW over PSN--TPE2--AC------
Station
---------- ----------
-------- |Packetized| |Packetized| --------
|Native | |Native | |Native | |Native |
|Service | |Service | |Service | |Service |
-------- |----------| |----------| --------
|Control | |Control |
|Word | |Word |
|----------| |----------|
|PW Label | |PW Label |
|----------| |----------|
|GEM/XGEM | |MPLS |
|----------| |Tunnel |
|GPON/XGPON| |Label |
|-Phy | | |
---------- |----------|
|Link Layer|
|----------|
|Phy |
----------
Figure C: On-Wire Data Encapsulations for MS-PWs
.--.
_(. `)
.--. +------------+ _( PDN `)_
_(Core`. |GW1 |====( Internet `)
+---+ ( NW )------|APN=internet| ( ` . ) )
[UE]~~~~|RAN|----( ` . ) )--+ +------------+ `--(_______)---'
^ +---+ `--(___.-' |
| | .--.
| | +----------+ _(.PDN`)
| +--|GW2 | _(Operator`)_
| |APN=OpServ|====( Services `)
UE is attached +----------+ ( ` . ) )
to GW1 and GW2 `--(_______)---'
simultaneously
3G
.--. .--.
Uu _( `. Iu +----+ +----+ _( `.
[UE]~~|~~~( UTRAN )--|---|SGSN|--|---|GGSN|--|----( PDN )
( ` . ) ) +----+ Gn +----+ Gi ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' / | `--(___.-'
/ |
2G Gb-- |
.--. / |
_( `. / --Gp
[UE]~~|~~~( PDN )__/ |
Um ( ` . ) ) .--.
`--(___.-' _(. `)
_( [GGSN] `)_
( other `)
( ` . PLMN ) )
`--(_______)---'
Y
| +---------+ .--.
|--+ __________________________ | APNx in | _( `.
| |O______PDPc1_______________)| GGSN / |----(Internet)
| | | PDN-GW | ( ` . ) )
|UE| +---------+ `--(___.-'
| | _______________________ +---------+ .--.
| |O______PDPc2____________)| APNy in | _(Priv`.
+--+ | GGSN / |-------(Network )
| PDN-GW | ( ` . ) )
+---------+ `--(___.-'
+--------+
| IP |
S1-MME +-------+ S11 |Services|
+----|----| MME |----|----+ +--------+
| | | | |SGi
| +-------+ | S5/ |
+----+ LTE-Uu +-------+ S1-U +-------+ S8 +-------+
|UE |----|---|eNodeB |---|-----------------| SGW |--|---|PDN-GW |
| |========|=======|=====================|=======|======| |
+----+ +-------+Dual-Stack EPS Bearer+-------+ +-------+
Y .--.
| _(IPv4`.
|---+ +---+ +---+ ( PDN )
| D |~~~~~~~//-----| |====| |====( ` . ) )
| S | IPv4 context | S | | G | `--(___.-'
| | | G | | G | .--.
| U | | S | | S | _(IPv6`.
| E | IPv6 context | N | | N | ( PDN )
|///|~~~~~~~//-----| |====|(s)|====( ` . ) )
+---+ +---+ +---+ `--(___.-'
Y
|
|---+ +---+ +---+
| D |~~~~~~~//-----| |====| | .--.
| S | IPv4 context | S | | G | _( DS `.
| | | G | | G | ( PDN )
| U | | S | | S |====( ` . ) )
| E | IPv6 context | N | | N | `--(___.-'
|///|~~~~~~~//-----| |====| |
+---+ +---+ +---+
Y
|
|---+ +---+ +---+
| D | | | | P | .--.
| S | | | | D | _( DS `.
| | IPv4v6 (DS) | S | | N | ( PDN )
| U |~~~~~~~//-----| G |====| - |====( ` . ) )
| E | bearer | W | | G | `--(___.-'
|///| | | | W |
+---+ +---+ +---+
UE eNodeB/ MME SGW PDN-GW HSS/
| BS | | | AAA
| | | | | |
|---------->|(1) | | | |
| |---------->|(1) | | |
| | | | | |
|/---------------------------------------------------------\|
| Authentication and Authorization |(2)
|\---------------------------------------------------------/|
| | | | | |
| | |---------->|(3) | |
| | | |---------->|(3) |
| | | | | |
| | | |<----------|(4) |
| | |<----------|(4) | |
| |<----------|(5) | | |
|/---------\| | | | |
| RB setup |(6) | | | |
|\---------/| | | | |
| |---------->|(7) | | |
|---------->|(8) | | | |
| |---------->|(9) | | |
| | | | | |
|============= Uplink Data =========>==========>|(10) |
| | | | | |
| | |---------->|(11) | |
| | | | | |
| | |<----------|(12) | |
| | | | | |
|<============ Downlink Data =======<===========|(13) |
| | | | | |
*-------------*
1. Provision SED | |
-----------------------> | Registry |
| |
*-------------*
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ 2.Distribute \
/ SED \
V V
+----------+ +----------+
|Local Data| |Local Data|
|Repository| |Repository|
+----------+ +----------+
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . registry . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . .
. . .
. . provision .
+-----------+ . +-----------+
| | provision +----------+ provision | |
| SSP 1 |------------>| Registry |<-----------| SSP 2 |
| | +----------+ | |
| +-----+ | /\ | +-----+ |
| | LDR | <-------------------- ------------------>| LDR | |
| +-----+ | distribute distribute | +-----+ |
| | | |
+-----------+ +-----------+
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(provision / distribute)
[MAG] [rfLMA] [r2LMA]
| | |
1) |--PBU-->| | LMA assignment takes place in rfLMA.
| | |
2) | | ~ ~ ~ >|\
| | | + BCE gets created in r2LMA.
3) | |<~ ~ ~ ~|/
| | |
4) |<--PBA--| | PBA contains r2LMA information.
| | |
|<=====data======>|
| | |
5) |-------PBU------>| Lifetime extension,
6) |<------PBA-------| de-registration, etc.
| | |
[MAG] [rfLMA /r2LMA_1/r2LMA_2/r2LMA_3]
| | | | |
MAG discovers rfLMA | | | |
BULE for rfLMA | | | |
| | | | |
|-- PBU --------------------->| | | |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| dst=rfLMA, | | | |
| Redirect-Capability, .. | r2LMA gets selected |
| BCE is created in r2LMA_2
| |Tunnel setup in r2LMA_2|
| | | | |
|<- PBA ----------------------| | | |
| src=rfLMA, | | | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| Redirect=r2LMA_2_address, | | | |
| Load Info, .. | | | |
| | | | |
BULE updated to r2LMA_2 | | | |
Tunnel setup | | | |
| | | | |
|<=========== MAG-r2LMA_2 tunnel ============>| |
| | | | |
Lifetime extension, etc. | | | |
| | | | |
|-- PBU ------------------------------------->| |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| dst=r2LMA_2, .. | | | |
| | | | |
|<- PBA --------------------------------------| |
| src=r2LMA_2, | | | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | | | |
| Load Info, .. | | | |
| | | | |
[MAG] [rfLMA] [r2LMA]
| | |
MAG discovers rfLMA | |
BULE for rfLMA | |
| | |
|-- PBU --------------------->| rfLMA assigns a r2LMA and |
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | creates a proxy state |
| dst=rfLMA, | |
| Redirect-Capability, .. | |
| |-- PBU' -------------------->|
| | src=proxy-MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | dst=r2LMA, |
| | ACoA/A4CoA=MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | .. |
| | BCE created in r2LMA
| | Tunnel setup
| | Proxy-CoA is MAG's address
| | |
| rfLMA removes the |<- PBA' ---------------------|
| proxy state | src=r2LMA, |
| | dst=proxy-MAG_Proxy-CoA, |
| | Load Info, .. |
|<- PBA ----------------------| |
| src=rfLMA, | |
| dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, | |
| Redirect=r2LMA_address, | |
| Load Info, .. | |
| | |
BULE updated to r2LMA | |
Tunnel setup | |
| | |
|<===================== MAG-r2LMA tunnel ==================>|
| | |
Lifetime extension, etc. | |
| | |
|-- PBU --------------------------------------------------->|
| src=MAG_Proxy-CoA, dst=r2LMA, .. |
| | |
|<- PBA ----------------------------------------------------|
| src=r2LMA, dst=MAG_Proxy-CoA, Load Info, .. |
| | |
________________________
| |
| 00:42 | Weekly Call |
|________________________|
| |
| |
| Alice |====== | (S) |
| |
| Bob |= | |
| |
| Carol | | (M) |
| |
| Dave |=== | |
| |
|________________________|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|xxxxxxcc|cccccccc|cccccccc|ccccc100|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WB WT
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|xxxxxxcc|cccccccc|cccccccc|ccccc110|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WB WT
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|ccc10000|xxxxcccc|cccccccc|cccccccc|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
^ ^
| |
WT WB
--------- ---------
| RIR | | NIR |
| CA | | CA |
--------- ---------
| |
| |
| |
--------- ---------
| ISP | | ISP |
| CA 1 | | CA 2 |
--------- ---------
| \ |
| ----- |
| \ |
---------- ---------- ----------
| ISP | | ISP | | ISP |
| EE 1a | | EE 1b | | EE 2 |
---------- ---------- ----------
| | |
| | |
| | |
---------- ---------- ----------
| ROA 1a | | ROA 1b | | ROA 2 |
---------- ---------- ----------
+--------+
+--------->| Cert A |<----+
| | CRLDP | |
| | AIA | |
| +--------- SIA | |
| | +--------+ |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | +-------------------|------------------+
| | | | |
| +->| +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | | Cert B | | | Cert C | |
| | | CRLDP ----+ | | CRLDP -+-+ |
+----------- AIA | | +----- AIA | | |
| | SIA | | | SIA | | |
| +--------+ | +--------+ | |
| V | |
| +---------+ | |
| | A's CRL |<-----------+ |
| +---------+ |
| A's Repository Publication Directory |
+--------------------------------------+
+--------+
+--------->| Cert A |<----+
| | AIA | |
| +--------- SIA | |
| | +--------+ |
| | |
| | +-------------------|------------------+
| | | | |
| +->| +--------+ | +--------+ |
| | | Cert B | | | Cert C | |
| | | CRLDP-------+ | | CRLDP-----+ |
+----------- AIA | | +----- AIA | | |
| | SIA------+ | | SIA------------+
| +--------+ | | +--------+ | | |
| | V V | |
| | +-----------------+ | |
| | | CRL issued by A | | |
| A's Repository| +-----------------+ | |
| Directory | | |
+---------------|----------------------+ |
| |
+----------------+ | +----------------+ |
| B's Repository |<-------+ | C's Repository |<--+
| Directory | | Directory |
+----------------+ +----------------+
Node (N) Home Agent (HA) Mobile Node (MN)
on Home Link on Home Link on Foreign Link
| | |
| SRC = N | |
| DST = solicited_node (MN) | |
| ICMPv6 NS | |
| TARGET = MN | |
| SLLAO = N_LL | |
| [CGA] | |
| RSA signature | |
|-------------------------->| |
| | |
| SRC = HA | |
| DST = N | |
| ICMPv6 NA | |
| TARGET = MN | |
| TLLAO = HA_LL | |
| PS signature | |
|<--------------------------| |
| | |
| traffic | |
| dest = MN HoA | |
|-------------------------->| |
| | |
| | tunneled traffic |
| | dest = MN CoA |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
MN new MAG LMA
| | |
MN Attached | |
| | |
| MN Attached Event from MN/Network |
| | |
| SRC = MN | |
| DST = all routers | |
| ICMPv6 RS | |
| [CGA] | |
| RSA signature | |
|--------------------->| |
| | |
| |--- PBU ------------->|
| | |
| | Accept PBU
| | |
| |<------------- PBA ---|
| | |
| Accept PBA |
| | |
| |==== Bi-Dir Tunnel ===|
| | |
| SRC = MAG4MN | |
| DST = MN | |
| ICMPv6 RA | |
| SLL = MAG_LL | |
| PS | |
|<---------------------| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Host A ND Proxy (P) Host B
| | |
| SRC = A | |
| DST = solicited_node (B) | |
| ICMPv6 NS | |
| TARGET = B | |
| SLLAO = A_LL | |
|------------------------->| |
| | SRC = A |
| | DST = solicited_node (B) |
| | ICMPv6 NS |
| | TARGET = B |
| | SLLAO = P_LL |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| | SRC = B |
| | DST = A |
| | ICMPv6 NA |
| | TARGET = B |
| | TLLAO = B_LL |
| |<-------------------------|
| SRC = B | |
| DST = A | |
| ICMPv6 NA | |
| TARGET = B | |
| TLLAO = P_LL | |
|<-------------------------| |
| | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S | Duration |
|--------|---------------------------------|-----|-----|------------|
| gwvbd | Gateway Controlled VBD | x | | |
| nopvbd | No Negotiated Procedure for VBD | x | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| CNG | T.30 fax calling |
| V21flag | V.21 tone and flags for fax answering |
| CIV18 | V.8 CI with V.18 call function |
| XCI | V.18 XCI |
| V18txp | V.18 txp |
| Belltone | Bell 103 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| | (ITU-T Recommendation V.18) |
| Baudot | Baudot initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| Edt | EDT initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| CIdata | V.8 CI with any data call function |
| CT | V.25 calling tone |
| CIfax | V.8 CI with fax call function |
| V21tone | V.21 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V23tone | V.23 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V8bis | V.8 bis modem handshaking signal |
| ANS | V.25 ANS, equivalent to T.30 CED from answering |
| | terminal |
| /ANS | V.25 ANS with periodic phase reversals |
| ANSam | V.8 ANSam |
| /ANSam | V.8 ANSam with periodic phase reversals |
| CMFax | V.8 CM sequence indicating fax call function |
| JMFax | V.8 JM sequence indicating fax call function |
| CMData | V.8 CM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| JMData | V.8 JM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| CMText | V.8 CM sequence indicating text call function |
| JMText | V.8 JM sequence indicating text call function |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|-----------------------------------------|
| SIL | Bidirectional silence |
| Voice | Voice signals |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
| MC | Media change |
------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|---------------------------------------|
| TO | Indicates that a timeout has occurred |
----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| CoordinationTechnique | Description |
|-----------------------|------------------------------|
| v152ptsw | V.152 Payload Type Switching |
| v150fw | V.150.1 SSE |
------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
| Direction | Description |
|-----------|------------------------------------ |
| GstnToIp | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the GSTN to IP network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones. |
| IpToGstn | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the IP to GSTN network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones |
| | (e.g., IP-side tone detection); |
| | RTP packet with VBD payload type |
| | (e.g., V.152 or V.150.1). |
----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition |
|--------|---------------------------------------------|
| gpmd | General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter |
------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|14| | | | (modem ends) |
|15| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd stop) |
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17|NTFY(gwvbd stop) -> | | |
|18| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|14| | | <- V.21 Preamble|
|15| | | <- NTFY(t38 start)|
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17| | | MDCX(t38)|-> |
|18| | | <-|200(sdp-t2) |
|19| | <-|INVITE(sdp-t2) | |
|20| <-|MDCX(sdp-t2) | | |
|21| 200(sdp-o2)|-> | | |
|22| | 200(sdp-o2)|-> | |
|23| | | MDCX(sdp-o2)|-> |
|24| | | <-|200 |
|25| V.21 Preamble |-> | | |
|26|NTFY(t38 start)|-> | | |
|27| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|28| | | | (fax ends) |
|29| | | <-|NTFY(t38 stop) |
|30| | | 200|-> |
|31|NTFY(t38 stop) |-> | | |
|32| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
+--------------------------+
| Conference |
| Object |
| Identifier |
+--------------------------+
| xcon:Ji092i@example.com |
+------+-------------------+
|
|
|
+-----------------+---------------+
| |
+-----------+-----------+ +----------+---------+
| CSP Conference IDs | |BFCP 'Conference ID'|
+-----------------------+ +--------------------+
| h323:i092@example.com | | i092 |
| tel:+44(0)2920930033 | +----------+---------+
| sip:i092@example.com | |
+-----------------------+ +-------+--------+
| BFCP 'Floor ID'|
+----------------+
| 543 |
| 236 |
+----------------+
| | | |--<request-user>*
| | | |--<notify-end-of-conference>*
| | | |--<allowed-extend-mixing-end-offset>*
| | ...
| |--<conf-uris>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<uri>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<purpose>
| | | |--<conference-password>*
| | ...
| |--<service-uris>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<uri>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<purpose>
| | ...
| |--<maximum-user-count>
| | ...
| |--<available-media>
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<type>
| | | |--<status>
| | | |--<mixing-mode>*
| | | |--<codecs>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | ...
| | | |--<controls>*
| | | | |--<mute>*
| | | | |--<gain>*
| | | | ...
| | |--<entry>
| | | |--<display-text>
| | | |--<type>
| | | |--<status>
| | | |--<mixing-mode>*
| | | |--<codecs>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | |--<codec>*
| | | | | |--<subtype>*
| | | | ...
| | | |--<controls>*
| | | | |--<pause-video>*
...........................
. Conferencing System .
. .
. +--------------+ .
. | Conf. object | .
. | | .
. +--------------+ .
. | .
. v .
. +------------+ .
. |Notification| .
. |Service | .
. +------------+ .
. ^ .
..........|................
|
| Notification
| Protocol
|(notifications following the
| XCON data model)
|
..........|............
. v .
. +------------+ .
. |Notification| .
. | Client | .
. +------------+ .
. .
. Conferencing Client .
.......................
........................................................
. Conferencing System .
. .
. +---------------------------------------+ .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | .
. +-+-------------------------------------+ | .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | | .
. +-+-------------------------------------+ | | .
. | C O N F E R E N C E O B J E C T | | | .
. | | |-+ .
. | |-+ .
. +---------------------------------------+ .
. ^ .
. | .
. v .
. +-------------------+ .
. | Conference Control| .
. | Server | .
. +-------------------+ .
. ^ .
.........................|..............................
|
|Centralized
|Conferencing
|Manipulation
|Protocol
|
.........................|..............................
. V .
. +----------------+ .
. | Conference | .
. | Control | .
. | Client | .
. +----------------+ .
. .
. Conferencing Client .
........................................................
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP blueprintsRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP blueprintsResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: (null) |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - blueprintsInfo: bp123,bp124,.. |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP blueprintRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: bp123 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - blueprintInfo: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP blueprintResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: bp123 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - blueprintInfo: bp123Info |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP confRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: AudioRoom |
| - operation: create |
| - confInfo: (null) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP confResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: newConfId |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 1 |
| - confInfo: newConfInfo |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP confRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - confInfo: confUpdates |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP confResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 2 |
| - confInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP usersRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - usersInfo: usersUpdates |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP usersResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: update |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 3 |
| - usersInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP userRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - userInfo: AliceUserInfo |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP userResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 4 |
| - userInfo: (null) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP userRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - userInfo: dummyUserID, CiccioUserInfo |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP optionsResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: create |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - version: 5 |
| - userInfo: userIDCiccio, |
| CiccioUserInfo |
| |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP optionsRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP userResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - options (list of both |
| standard and extended |
| supported messages) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CCMP Client CCMP Server
| |
| CCMP extendedRequest message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - extensionName: confSummaryRequest |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| CCMP extendedResponse message |
| - confUserID: Alice |
| - confObjID: 8977794 |
| - operation: retrieve |
| - response-code: 200 |
| - extensionName: |
| confSummaryRequest |
| - confSummary |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
CMCC ConfS
| |
| 1. HTTPS POST (CCMP request) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |--+ Parse request,
| | | update object
| |<-+ and reply
| |
| 2. 200 OK (CCMP response) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
|--+ Parse response and |
| | update local copy |
|<-+ of conference object |
| |
' '
' '
CMCC ConfS UAC
| | |
| | 1. SIP SUBSCRIBE |
| |<--------------------------|
| Handle +--| |
| new | | |
| subscription +->| 2. SIP 200 OK |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
| | |
| 3. CCMP (add user) | |
|---------------------->| |
| |--+ Add user |
| | | to conf. |
| |<-+ object |
| 4. CCMP (success) | |
|<----------------------| |
| | 5. SIP NOTIFY (changes) |
| |-------------------------->|
| | 6. SIP 200 OK |
| |<--------------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS MS
| | | | |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, create) | |
|-------------------------------------->| |
| | (a)Create +---| |
| | |Conf | | |
| | |Object | | |
| | |& IDs +-->| |
| | | | A1. CONTROL |
| | | |+++++++++++>>|
| | | |(create conf)|--+ (b)
| | | | | | create
| | | | | | conf and
| | | | A2. 200 OK |<-+ its ID
| | | |<<+++++++++++|
| | | |(confid=Y) |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID,confObjID, | |
| create, 200, success, | |
| version, confInfo) | |
|<--------------------------------------| |
| | | | |
| | (c) Focus +---| |
| | sets up | | |
| | signaling | | |
| | to CMCC1 +-->| |
| | | | |
| | | | B1. CONTROL |
| | | |+++++++++++>>|
| | | | (join CMCC1 |
| | | | <->confY) |
| | | | |
| | | | |--+(d) join
| | | | | | CMCC1 &
| | | | B2.200 OK |<-+ conf Y
| | | |<<+++++++++++|
| | | | |
|<<#################################################>>|
| Now the CMCC1 is mixed in the conference |
|<<#################################################>>|
| | | | |
|******CMCC1 may then manipulate conference data *****|
|****** and add addt'l users, etc. | *****|
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
CMCC Alice ConfS
| |
| (1) blueprintsRequest |
| (confUserID,xpathFilter) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| (2) blueprintsResponse |
| (confUserID, |
| 200, success, |
| blueprintsInfo) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
|--+ |
| | choose preferred |
| | blueprint from the |
| | list (blueprintName) |
|<-+ |
| |
| (3) blueprintRequest |
| (confUserID,confObjID, |
| retrieve) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| 4) blueprintResponse |
| (confUserID,confObjID,|
| retrieve, 200, |
| success, confInfo) |
|<------------------------------|
| |
| (5) confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID,create) |
|------------------------------>|
| |
| (a)Create +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| & IDs +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | creates
| | | conf and
| |<-+ its ID
| | (confid=Y)
|(6) confResponse |
| (confUserID, confObjID*, |
| create, 200, success) |
|<------------------------------|
| |
Alice Bob Carol ConfS
| | | |
| | | |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, | |
| create, confInfo) | |
| | | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | (a)Create +---|
| | |Conf | |
| | |Object | |
| | |& IDs +-->|
| | | |--+ (b) MS
| | | | | creates
| | | | | conf and
| | | |<-+ its ID
| | | | (confid=Y)
|(2)confResponse(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, create, | |
| 200, success, version) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
===========================================
... ... ... ...
========== START TIME OCCURS ==============
| | (c) Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Alice +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(d) MS joins
| | | | | Alice &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| | | |
|<<###################################>>|
| Alice is mixed in the conference |
|<<###################################>>|
| | | |
| | (e)Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Bob | |
| | | +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(f)MS joins
| | | | | Bob &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| |<<###################>>|
| | Bob is mixed too |
| |<<###################>>|
| | | |
| | (g )Focus +---|
| | sets up | |
| | signaling | |
| | to Carol | |
| | CMCCx +-->|
| | | |
| | | |--+(h)MS joins
| | | | | CMCCx &
| | | |<-+ conf Y
| | | |
| | |<<#######>>|
| | |Carol mixed|
| | |<<#######>>|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<***All parties connected to conf Y***>|
| | | |
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice ConfS
| |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|------------------------------>|
| (a)Create +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| & IDs +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | creates
| | | conf and
| |<-+ its ID
| | (confid=Y)
| |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,create, |
| 200, success, |
| version, confInfo) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
' '
Alice Bob
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS
| | | |
|(1) userRequest(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, create, | |
| userInfo) | | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | | Bob | |
| | | as a | |
| | | user +-->|
| | | |
|(2) userResponse(confUserID, confObjID |
| create, 200, success, userInfo) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | (b) Focus |
| | | sets up |
| | | signaling |
| | | to Bob |
| |<----------------------|
| | | |
| | | (c) Notify|
| | | ("Bob just|
| | | joined") |
| | |<----------|
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice Bob
CMCC1 CMCC2 CMCCx ConfS MS
| | | | |
|(1) userRequest(subject, | | |
| confUserID,confObjID, | | |
| update,userInfo) | | |
| | | | |
|--------------------------------------->| |
| | | | Mute Bob |
| | | |----------------->|
| | | | 200 OK |
| | | |<-----------------|
| | | | |
| |<====== XXX Bob excluded from mix XXX ====>|
| | | | |
| | (a) Update +---| |
| | Bob in | | |
| | data model | | |
| | (muted) +-->| |
| | | | |
| (2)userResponse(confUserID,confObjID, | |
| update,200,success,version) | |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| | | | |
| | | (b) Notify | |
| | | ("Bob is | |
| | | muted") | |
| | |<-----------| |
| | | | |
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
' ' ' ' '
CMCC Alice ConfS MS
| | |
|(1)userRequest(confObjID, | |
| create,userInfo) | |
|--------------------------->| |
| |--+ Alice is |
| | | new in the |
| |<-+ system (create |
| | confUserID) |
| ConfS handles +--| |
| SIP signaling | | |
| (Alice<->ConfS<->MS) +->| |
| | |
| |--+ A password is |
| | | required for |
| |<-+ that conference |
| | |
| | Request IVR menu (PIN) |
| |--------------------------->|
| | |
|<========= MS gets PIN from Alice through DTMF =========>|
| | |
| | Provided PIN is... |
| |<---------------------------|
| Check +--| |
| PIN | | |
| +->| |
| |--+ Alice must |
| | | record her |
| |<-+ name |
| | |
| | Request name recording |
| |--------------------------->|
| | |
|<========= MS records Alice's audio RTP (name) =========>|
| | |
| | Audio recording |
| |<---------------------------|
| Complete +--| |
| creation | | |
| of Alice +->| |
| | |
| | |
| (2)userResponse(confUserID,| |
| confObjID,create,200,| |
| success,version) | |
|<---------------------------| |
| | |
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByValRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID,create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByValResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| (confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByValInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByValRequest |
| (confUserID, confObjID*, |
| update,sidebarByValInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (media, users | |
| | etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is
| | | modified
|(4) sidebarByValResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| |(5) userRequest |
| | (confUserID', |
| | confObjID*, |
| | update,userInfo)|
| |---------------------->|
| | |
| | (c) Update +---|
| | user settings | |
| | (Bob's media) | |
| | +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified
| | | (original audio
| | | inactive for Bob)
| |(6) userResponse |
| | (confUserID', |
| | confObjID*, |
| | update, 200, |
| | success,version) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,update,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Create +---|
| | new user for | |
| | Fred | |
| | +-->|
| | |
| | (c) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (media, users | |
| | policy, etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified:
| | | media from the
| | | parent conference is
| | | not available to
|(4) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | anyone
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | Notify (Fred |
| | added to |
| | sidebar users) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob ConfS
| | |
|(1) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, create) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (a) Create +---|
| | sidebar-by-ref | |
| | (new conf obj | |
| | cloned from +-->|
| | confObjID) | Sidebar now has
| | | id confObjID*
|(2) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, | (parent mapping
| confObjID*,create,200,success, | conf<->sidebar)
| version,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
|(3) sidebarByRefRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID*,update,sidebarByRefInfo) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | (b) Update +---|
| | sidebar-by-val | |
| | (media, users | |
| | policy, etc.) +-->|
| | | Sidebar is modified:
| | | unilateral sidebar
| | | audio, Carol excluded
| | | from the sidebar
|(4) sidebarByRefResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID*, update, |
| 200, success, version) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| | |
| | Notify (Bob |
| | he's been added to |
| | sidebar users) |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
' ' '
' ' '
' ' '
Alice Bob Claire ConfS
| | | |
|(1) userRequest(confUserID,| |
| confObjID, delete,| |
| userInfo) | |
|-------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | (a) Focus |
| | | tears down|
| | | signaling |
| | | to Bob |
| |<----------------------|
| | |
| | (b)Deletes+---|
| | | Bob | |
| | | as a | |
| | | user +-->|
| | | in |
| | | confObj |
| | | |
|(2) userResponse(confUserID,confObjID, |
| delete,200,success,version) |
|<--------------------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | (c) Notify|
| | | ("Bob just|
| | | left") |
| | |<----------|
| | | |
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
' ' ' '
Alice ConfS
| |
|(1)confRequest(confUserID, |
| confObjID, delete) |
|------------------------------>|
| (a)Delete +---|
| Conf | |
| Object | |
| +-->|
| |--+ (b) MS
| | | removes related
| | | mixer instances and
| |<-+ their participants
| | (SIP signaling as well)
| |
|(2)confResponse(confUserID, |
| confObjID,delete,200, |
| success) |
| |
|<------------------------------|
| |
' '
+-----------------------+-----------+
| | |
| | |
| | 2 |
| | |
| | |
| 1 +-----------+
| | |
| | |
| | 3 |
| | |
| | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | | |
| | | |
| 4 | 5 | 6 |
| | | |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <createconference> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| (3) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <join id1=.. id2=..> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (6) 202 |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (7) REPORT: <response status="200"/> |
| (terminate) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (8) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <event ...> |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
Application Server (AS) Media Server (MS)
| |
| (1) CONTROL: <destroyconference> |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (2) 200: <response status="200"/> |
| <--------------------------------------- |
| |
| (3) CONTROL: <event ..> |
| (unjoin-notify) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (4) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
| |
| (5) CONTROL: <event ..> |
| (conferenceexit) |
| <---------------------------------------- |
| |
| (6) 200 |
| ----------------------------------------> |
CE1---C-RP
|
|
CE2---PE1-- ... --PE2---CE5---C-S
...
C-R1---CE3---PE3-- ... --PE4---CE4---C-R2
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
+---------------+
| GRE |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+---------------+
| P-IP Header |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
+---------------+
| P-MPLS Header |
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
|| C-IP Header || || C-IP Header || || C-IP Header ||
++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++ >>>>> ++=============++
|| C-Payload || || C-Payload || || C-Payload ||
++=============++ ++=============++ ++=============++
B4 NAS AAA
| | Server
| | |
|----PPP LCP Config-Request------> | |
| | |
| |----Access-Request ---->|
| | |
| |<---- Access-Accept-----|
| | (DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
|<-----PPP LCP Config-ACK ------- | |
| | |
| | |
|--- PPP IPv6CP Config-Request --->| |
| | |
|<----- PPP IPv6CP Config-ACK -----| |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Solicit -------->| |
| | |
|<-------DHCPv6 Advertisement -----| |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Request -------->| |
| | |
|<-------- DHCPv6 Reply ---------- | |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
B4 NAS AAA
| | Server
|------ DHCPv6 Solicit ---------> | |
| | |
| |----Access-Request ---->|
| | |
| |<---Access-Accept-------|
| | (DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
| | |
|<-------DHCPv6 Advertisement------| |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
| | |
|------- DHCPv6 Request -------->| |
| | |
| | |
|<----- DHCPv6 Reply ------------- | |
| (DHCPv6 OPTION_AFTR_NAME) | |
+----------------------------+
| Virtual Operator Backend |
+------------+ +-----+
| Home Agent | | AAA |
+------------+---------+-----+
|
.--.
_(. `)
_( ISP `)_
( Peering `)
( ` . Point ) )
`--(_______)--'
____ / | \
/ | \
.--. .--. .--.
_( `. _( `. _( `.
( ISP A ) ( ISP B ) ( ISP C )
( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' `--(___.-' `--(___.-'
| ______/ \ /
| / \ /
| / \ /
+----+ +----+
|MR A| |MR B|
+----+ +----+
| |
.--. .--.
_( `. _( `.
( Site A ) ( Site B )
( ` . ) ) ( ` . ) )
`--(___.-' `--(___.-'
0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
+-------------------------------------------------------------+-+-+-+-+
|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|.|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|.|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|.|0|1|0|0|0|0|0|0|
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+-+-+-+-+-+-+
^ ^
+--- encoded ---+
^ ^
+-- padding --+
192.0.2.128/25, D = 1
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------------+
| [MR A] | | [MR B] | | [MR C] | | [Home Agent] |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------------+
| | | |
x------------------------------->| Registration Request
| | | | includes Mobile Router
| | | | Route Optimization
| | | | Capability Extension
| | | |
|<-------------------------------x Registration response;
| | | | no known networks from HA
| | | | in response
| | | |
| x-------------------->| Registration Request similar
| | | | to the one sent by MR A
| | | |
| |<--------------------x Registration Reply includes
| | | | network A in Route Optimization
| | | | Prefix Advertisement Extension
| | | |
| | x--------->| Registration Request similar
| | | | to the one sent by MR A
| | | |
| | |<---------x Registration Reply includes
| | | | networks A and B in Route
| | | | Optimization Prefix
| | | | Advertisement Extension.
| | | | Network B is sent in
| | | | compressed form.
| | | |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| [Node A] | | [MR A] | | [HA] | | [MR C] | | [Node C] |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | | |
x------------O==========O=========O------>| Mobile Router A is
| | | | | unaware of network C;
| | | | | thus, nothing happens
| | | | |
|<-----------O==========O=========O-------x Mobile Router C
| | | | | notices packet to
| | | | | network A - begins
| | | | | route optimization
| | | | |
| | | | | Return Routability (if
| | | | | no pre-shared KRms)
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | CoTI
| |<=========O=========x | HoTI
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | CoT
| x==========O========>| | HoT
| | | | |
| | | | | KRm between MR A <-> C
| | | | | established
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | Registration Request
| | | | |
| x--------->| | | Registration Request
| | | | | to HA due to MR A
| | | | | being unaware of
| | | | | network C.
| | | | | Solicit bit set.
| | | | |
| |<---------x | | Registration Reply
| | | | | contains info on
| | | | | network A
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | | includes MR A's CoA in
| | | | | Care-of Address
| | | | | Extension
| | | | |
| |<= = = = =O= = = ==>| | Optional mutual
| | | | | registration from
| | | | | MR A to MR C
| | | | | (same procedure as above,
| | | | | multiple packets);
| | | | | possible keepalive checks
| | | | |
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x Packet from Node C -> A
| | | | | routed to direct tunnel
| | | | | at MR C, based on
| | | | | MR C now knowing MR A's
| | | | | CoA and tunnel being up
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Packet from Node A -> C
| | | | | routed to direct tunnel
| | | | | at MR A, based on MR A
| | | | | now knowing MR C's CoA
| | | | | and tunnel being up
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| [Node A] | | [MR A] | | [HA] | | [MR C] | | [Node C] |
+----------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Nodes A and C are
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x exchanging traffic
| | | | |
| | xxxxxxxxxxx | Break occurs: MR C
| | | | | loses connectivity to
| | | | | current attachment point
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=->x | | Traffic from A -> C
| | | | | lost, and
| | | x<=-=-O-------x vice versa
| | | | |
| | |<--------x | MR C finds a new
| | | | | point of attachment,
| | | | | registers with the HA,
| | | | | clears routing tables
| | | | |
| | x-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=->x | | Traffic from A -> C lost
| | | | | (reverts to routing via
| | | | | HA if enough keepalives
| | | | | fail)
| | | | |
|<-----------O==========O=========O-------| Traffic from C -> A
| | | | | sent via HA
| | | | |
| O<=========O---------x | CoTI message
| | | | | (partial RR check)
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | CoT message
| | | | |
| |<=========O---------x | Registration Request
| | | | | reusing newly calculated
| | | | | KRm
| | | | |
| x==========O-------->| | Registration Reply
| | | | |
| O<=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=x | First keepalive check if
| | | | | using UDP encapsulation;
| | | | | also creates holes in
| x=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>| | firewalls
| | | | |
| | | | |
x------------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O------>| Traffic from A -> C
| | | | | forwarded directly again
| | | | |
|<-----------O=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-O-------x Traffic from C -> A
| | | | | switches back to direct
| | | | | tunnel
| | | | |
E-A E-Z
----------[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:X/1,2)]---------->
<-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X)]--------------
E-A E-Z
-----------[RE-CONFIG(IN-REQ:X/1,2)]---------->
<--------[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:Y,X/1,2)]----------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
E-A E-Z
-----[RE-CONFIG(OUT-REQ:X,Y-1|IN-REQ:X+1)]---->
<------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X|OUT-REQ:Y,X+1)]-------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
E-A E-Z
------------[RE-CONFIG(TSN-REQ:X)]------------>
<-----[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X/S-TSN=A, R-TSN=B)]-----
E-A E-Z
--------[RE-CONFIG(ADD_OUT_STRMS:X/3)]-------->
<-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:X)]--------------
E-A E-Z
---------[RE-CONFIG(ADD_IN_STRMS:X/3)]-------->
<----[RE-CONFIG(ADD_OUT_STRMS-REQ:Y,X/3)]------
-------------[RE-CONFIG(RESP:Y)]-------------->
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
stream 10 ----| Data | . . . | Data |---| Data |---...
| 257 | | 257 | | 256 |
| PR| | PR| | FR|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| | | Reliability |
| | | Options |
...---| Template |-------| Template |------>
| 257 | | 256 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| | | | | |
stream 20 ----| Data |...| Data |-----| Data |--- ...
| 260 | | 260 | | 259 |
| PR| | PR| | FR|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+--------+ +----------+
| | | |
...---| Data |-------| Template |---...
| 258 | | 260 |
| FR| | FR|
+--------+ +----------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| Options | | Reliability |
| Template | | Options |
...---| |-------| Template |------>
| 259 | | 258 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+--------+ +----------+ +----------+
| | |Data | | |
stream 30 ... ---| Data |...| 261 |-----| Template |---
| 262 | |tmpID: 262| | 262 |
| PR| |dRR: False| | FR|
+--------+ +----------+ +----------+
+----------+ +--------+ +----------+
| Template | | | | Data |
...| Withdraw |-----| Data |-------| 261 |---...
| 262 | | 262 | |tmpID: 262|
| FR| | FR| |dRR: True|
+----------+ +--------+ +----------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| | | Reliability |
| Template | | Options |
...---| |-------| Template |------>
| 262 | | 261 |
| FR| | FR|
+----------+ +-------------+
+------+ +------+
| VR1 | | VR2 |
| | | |
+------+ +------+
| |
Intf = I1 Intf = I2
IP A | IP X IP B | IP Y
IP C | | IP Z
VRID = 1 | VRID=2 VRID=2 | VRID = 1
| |
----+------+------+-+-------+--------+--------++------+--------+---
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | | | |
(IP A) (IP A) (IP B) (IP B) (IP X) (IP X) (IP Y) (IP Y)
| | | | | | | |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| H1 | | H2 | | H3 | | H4 | | H5 | | H6 | | H7 | | H8 |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
8 8 16 32
+------------------------------------+
| RET | link | msg space | bit space |
+------------------------------------+
|<---------------------------32 bits--------------------------->|
|<----8 bits--->|<----8 bits--->|<-----------16 bits----------->|
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| LEADER |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| FIELD M1 | FIELD S | FIELD C |
| | | |
+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| | ^ |
| FIELD M2 | | |
| | | |
+---------------+ | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| TEXT |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | +--------------------+
| | | |
| | | FIELD M3 |
| V | |
+-----------------------------------+------+--------------------+
| |
| 10-----------------0 |<-------PADDING
| |
+-----------------------------------+
8 8 8 8
+----------------------+
| GVB | link | fm | fb |
+----------------------+
^ ^
| +--- bit fraction
+-------- message fraction
8 8 80
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
| ERR | code | data |
+-----+------+---------------------------- ~ -------------+
+----------------------------------------------+
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | | |
| | IPv4 applications | |
| | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | Socket API (IPv4, IPv6) | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +-[ API translator]------------------------+ |
| | +-----------+ +---------+ +------------+ | |
| | | Ext. Name | | Address | | Function | | |
| | | Resolver | | Mapper | | Mapper | | |
| | +-----------+ +---------+ +------------+ | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | TCP(UDP)/IPv4 | | TCP(UDP)/IPv6 | |
| | | | | |
| +--------------------+ +-------------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------+
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | IPv4 applications | |
| | Host's main DNS resolver | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| | TCP/UDP | |
| +------------------------------------------+ |
| +------------------------------------------+ +---------+ |
| | IPv4 | | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ | Address | |
| +------------------+ +---------------------+ | Mapper | |
| | Protocol | | Extension Name | | | |
| | Translator | | Resolver | | | |
| +------------------+ +---------------------+ | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ | | |
| | IPv4 / IPv6 | | | |
| +------------------------------------------+ +---------+ |
+------------------------------------------------------------+
+----+ +-------------+
| H1 |----------- IPv6 Internet -------- | IPv6 server |
+----+ +-------------+
v4 only
application
+----------------------+ +------------------------------+
| Dual-Stack Internet | | IPv4 Private site (Net 10) |
| | | IPv6 routed site |
| +---------+ +----------+ |
| +-| NAT44 |-------------+ | |
| +----+ | +---------+ | | |
| | H1 |---------+ | | | Server | |
| +----+ | +-----------+ | | |
| v4-only +-|IPv6 Router|-----------+ | |
| application +-----------+ +----------+ |
| | | Dual Stack |
| | | 10.1.1.1 |
| | | 2001:DB8::1 |
+----------------------+ +------------------------------+
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 Socket | [ API Translator ] | TCP(UDP)/IP Name
appli- API | ENR Address Function| (v6/v4) Server
cation | Mapper Mapper |
| | | | | | | |
<<Resolve IPv4 addresses for "host6".>> | | |
| | | | | | | |
|------->|------->| Query IPv4 addresses for host6. | |
| | | | | | | |
| | |------------------------------------------------->|
| | | Query 'A' and 'AAAA' records for host6 |
| | | | | | | |
| | |<-------------------------------------------------|
| | | Reply with the 'AAAA' record. | |
| | | | | | |
| | |<<The 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | |
| | |+++++++>| Request synthetic IPv4 address |
| | | | corresponding to the IPv6 address.
| | | | | | |
| | | |<<Assign one synthetic IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | |
| | |<+++++++| Reply with the synthetic IPv4 address.
| | | | | | |
|<-------|<-------| Reply with the IPv4 address |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
<<Call IPv4 Socket API function >> | | |
| | | | | | |
|=======>|=========================>|An IPv4 Socket API action
| | | | | | |
| | | |<+++++++| Request IPv6 addresses|
| | | | | corresponding to the |
| | | | | synthetic IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | |
| | | |+++++++>| Reply with the IPv6 addresses.
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | |
| An IPv6 Socket API action |=======================>|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<IPv6 data received |
| | | | | from network.>> |
| | | | | | |
| An IPv6 Socket API action |<=======================|
| | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | |
| | | |<+++++++| Request synthetic IPv4 addresses
| | | | | corresponding to the |
| | | | | IPv6 addresses. |
| | | | | | |
| | | |+++++++>| Reply with the IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | |
|<=======|<=========================| An IPv4 Socket API action
| | | | | | |
"dual stack" "host6"
IPv4 stub TCP/ ENR address translator IPv6
app res. IPv4 mapper
| | | | | | | |
<<Resolve an IPv4 address for "host6".>> | |
|-->| | | | | | |
| |----------->| Query 'A' records for "host6". | Name
| | | | | | | | Server
| | | |------------------------------------------->|
| | | | Query 'A' and 'AAAA' records for "host6"
| | | | | | | | |
| | | |<-------------------------------------------|
| | | | Reply only with 'AAAA' record. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<<Only 'AAAA' record is resolved.>> |
| | | | | | | |
| | | |-------->| Request synthetic IPv4 address
| | | | | corresponding to each IPv6 address.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<<Assign synthetic IPv4 addresses.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<--------| Reply with the synthetic IPv4 address.
| | | | | | | |
| | | |<<Create 'A' record for the IPv4 address.>>
| | | | | | | |
| |<-----------| Reply with the 'A' record. | |
| | | | | | | |
|<--|<<Reply with the IPv4 address | | |
| | | | | | | |
<<Send an IPv4 packet to "host6".>>| | |
| | | | | | | |
|=======>|========================>| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<++++++| Request IPv6 addresses
| | | | | | corresponding to the
| | | | | | synthetic IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |++++++>| Reply with the IPv6|
| | | | | | addresses. |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<<Translate IPv4 into IPv6.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |An IPv6 packet. |==========>|========>|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | <<Reply with an IPv6 packet.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | |An IPv6 packet. |<==========|<========|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | |<<Translate IPv6 into IPv4.>>
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |<++++++| Request synthetic IPv4
| | | | | | addresses corresponding
| | | | | | to the IPv6 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
| | | | |++++++>| Reply with the IPv4 addresses.
| | | | | | | |
|<=======|=========================| An IPv4 packet. |
| | | | | | | |
+-------------+ +-------------+
client | protocol | | data node |
request --> | operation | -------------> | access |
| allowed? | datastore | allowed? |
+-------------+ or state +-------------+
data access
+----------------+
| notification |
event --> | allowed? |
+----------------+
+-------------------------+
| session |
| (username) |
+-------------------------+
| ^
V |
+--------------+ +---------------+
| message | | message |
| dispatcher | | generator |
+--------------+ +---------------+
| ^ ^
V | |
+===========+ +-------------+ +----------------+
| <rpc> |---> | <rpc-reply> | | <notification> |
| acc. ctl | | generator | | generator |
+===========+ +-------------+ +----------------+
| ^ ^ ^
V +------+ | |
+-----------+ | +=============+ +================+
| <rpc> | | | read | | <notification> |
| processor |-+ | data node | | access ctl |
| | | acc. ctl | | |
+-----------+ +=============+ +================+
| | ^ ^
V +----------------+ | |
+===========+ | | |
| write | | | |
| data node | | | |
| acc. ctl | -----------+ | | |
+===========+ | | | |
| | | | |
V V V | |
+---------------+ +-----------------+
| configuration | ---> | server |
| datastore | | instrumentation |
| | <--- | |
+---------------+ +-----------------+
NETCONF server
+------------+
| XML |
| message |
| generator |
+------------+
^
|
+----------------+
| <notification> |
| generator |
+----------------+
^
|
+=================+
| <notification> |
| access control |
| <eventType> |
+=================+
^
|
+------------------------+
| server instrumentation |
+------------------------+
| ^
V |
+----------------------+
| configuration |
| datastore |
+----------------------+
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | Key | | HIP | | Key | |
| | Management | <-+-----------------------+-> | Management | |
| | Process | | | | Process | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| ^ | | ^ |
| | | | | |
| v | | v |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | IPsec- | | ESP | | IPsec- | |
| | Extended | | | | Extended | |
| | Stack | <-+-----------------------+-> | Stack | |
| | | | | | | |
| +------------+ | | +------------+ |
| | | |
| | | |
| Initiator | | Responder |
+--------------------+ +--------------------+
|-----------------------|
-------- | ---------- ----------
| HIP |-- ----| App v6 | | App v4 |
-------- | | ---------- ----------
| | | | HIT | LSI
| ------------ | AF_INET6 | AF_INET
| | resolver | | |
| ------------ | sockets API | user-space
--|-------------------|-------------------------------
| sockets and | | kernel
| PF_KEY API --------- |
|-------------> |TCP/UDP|<-----------
| ---------
| |
---------- ---------
| SAD/SPD|<-----> | ESP | {HIT_s, HIT_d} <-> SPI
---------- --------- {HIT_s, HIT_d, SPI} <-> {IP_s,IP_d,SPI}
|
---------
| IP |
---------
MESSAGE_1
---------------------------------->
MESSAGE_2
<----------------------------------
MESSAGE_3
---------------------------------->
___________ __________
| | | |
| RID |__________-------------___________| RID |
|_________| | SP Border | |________|
-------------
_______ _______ _______
| | | | | |
__| RID |____-------------____| RID |____-------------____| RID |__
|_____| | SP Border | |_____| | SP Border | |_____|
| ------------- ------------- |
|_______________________________________________________|
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------+ |
| | | |
| | (R1) | (R2) (R3) |
| | / \ | /| \ / | \ |
| | / \ | / | \ / | \ |
| | (A) (B) | (C) | (D) ... (F) (G) (H) |
| | /|\ |\ | / | / |\ |\ | | |
| | : : : : : | : (E) : : : `: : |
| | | / \ |
| +--------------+ : : |
| DODAG |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
RPL Instance
+----------------+ +----------------+
| | | |
| (R1) | | (R1) |
| / \ | | / |
| / \ | | / |
| (A) (B) | \ | (A) |
| /|\ / |\ | ------\ | /|\ |
| : : (C) : : | \ | : : (C) |
| | / | \ |
| | ------/ | \ |
| | / | (B) |
| | | |\ |
| | | : : |
| | | |
+----------------+ +----------------+
Version N Version N+1
(A) (A) (A)
|\ |\ |\
| `-----. | `-----. | `-----.
| \ | \ | \
(B) (C) (B) \ | (C)
\ | | /
`-----. | | .-----'
\| |/
(C) (B)
RPL Network +-------------------+
RPL::/64 | |
| External |
[RPL::Root] (Root)----------+ Prefix |
| | EXT_1::/64 |
| | |
| +-------------------+
[RPL::A] (A)
:
:
:
[RPL::Y] (Y)
| +-------------------+
| | |
| | External |
[RPL::Z] (Z)------------+ Prefix |
: | EXT_2::/64 |
: | |
: +-------------------+
+--------------------+
| |
| (S) -------> (D) |
| |
+--------------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+--------+---------+-------------//-+
| IPv6 | Source | IPv6 |
| Header | Routing | Payload |
| | Header | |
+--------+---------+-------------//-+
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) --------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) --------> (D) |
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) ------------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
+--------+---------+--------+-------------//-+
| Outer | Source | Inner | IPv6 |
| IPv6 | Routing | IPv6 | Payload |
| Header | Header | Header | |
+--------+---------+--------+-------------//-+
<--- Original Packet --->
<--- Tunneled Packet --->
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) -------\ |
| \ |
| (LBR)
| / |
| (D) <------/ |
| |
+-----------------+
RPL Routing Domain
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
7. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
8. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
9. | | |
10. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
11. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
12. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
8. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
9. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
10. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6===>X |
DNS Server Client Server
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A?-----| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA?--| |
3. |---192.0.2.1------------->| |
4. |---2001:db8::1----------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |==TCP SYN, IPv6=======>|
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|
8. | |<=TCP SYN+ACK, IPv6====|
9. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----|
10. | |==TCP ACK, IPv6=======>|
11. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|
12. | |--TCP RST, IPv4------->|
DNS Server Alice Bob
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A------| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA---| |
3. |---198.51.100.1---------->| |
4. |---2001:db8:0:2::1------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X |<***********
7. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X | |
8. | |--TCP SYN, IPv6--->X | TCP 3wHS
9. | | | Time
10. | |--TCP SYN, IPv4------->|(any family)
11. | |<-TCP SYN+ACK, IPv4----| |
12. | |--TCP ACK, IPv4------->|<***********
DNS Server Alice Bob
| | |
1. |<--www.example.com A------| |
2. |<--www.example.com AAAA---| |
3. |---198.51.100.1---------->| |
4. |---2001:db8:0:2::1------->| |
5. | | |
6. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X|<---------
7. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X| first
8. | |--UDP Request, IPv6-->X| request/
9. | | | response
10. | |--UDP Request, IPv4--->| success
11. | |<-UDP Response, IPv4---|<---------
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| | | | | | | | E |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
(VPN backbone)
(site-1) <-------- sham link --------> (site-2)
CE1 -------- PE1 -------- P ---------- PE2 -------- CE2
| |
|___________________________________________________|
<------------ backdoor link -------------->
(OSPF intra-area link)
+---+ +----+ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +---+
| I |----| N1 |---| N2 |-----| REG |-----| N3 |----| E |
+---+ +----+ +----+ +-----+ +----+ +---+
|<----------------------------->|<-------------------->|
Segment 1 Segment 2
+-----------------+
+------------+ +-----------+ | +------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| Optical | | Optical | | | Optical | |
| Interface |------->| Impairment|--->| | Channel | |
| (Transmit/ | | Path | | | Estimation | |
| Receive) | | | | | | |
+------------+ +-----------+ | +------------+ |
| || |
| || |
| Estimation |
| || |
| \/ |
| +------------+ |
| | BER/ | |
| | Q Factor | |
| +------------+ |
+-----------------+
+-----------------------------------+
| +--+ +-------+ +--+ |
| |IV| |Routing| |WA| |
| +--+ +-------+ +--+ |
| |
| Combined Processes |
+-----------------------------------+
(a)
+--------------+ +----------------------+
| +----------+ | | +-------+ +--+ |
| | IV | | | |Routing| |WA| |
| |Candidates| |----->| +-------+ +--+ |
| +----------+ | | Combined Processes |
+--------------+ +----------------------+
(b)
+-----------+ +----------------------+
| +-------+ | | +--+ +--+ |
| |Routing| |------->| |WA| |IV| |
| +-------+ | | +--+ +--+ |
+-----------+ | Distributed Processes|
+----------------------+
(c)
+-----------------------------------+ +------------+
| +-----------+ +-------+ +--+ | | +--------+ |
| | IV | |Routing| |WA| | | | IV | |
| |Approximate| +-------+ +--+ |---->| |Detailed| |
| +-----------+ | | +--------+ |
| Combined Processes | | |
+-----------------------------------+ +------------+
(a)
+--------------+ +----------------------+ +------------+
| +----------+ | | +-------+ +--+ | | +--------+ |
| | IV | | | |Routing| |WA| |---->| | IV | |
| |Candidates| |----->| +-------+ +--+ | | |Detailed| |
| +----------+ | | Combined Processes | | +--------+ |
+--------------+ +----------------------+ | |
(b) +------------+
+---+ +-------------+ +-----------------+
|PCC| |RWA-Coord PCE| |IV-Candidates PCE|
+-+-+ +------+------+ +---------+-------+
...___ (a) | |
| ````---...____ | |
| ```-->| |
| | |
| |--..___ (b) |
| | ```---...___ |
| | ```---->|
| | |
| | |
| | (c) ___...|
| | ___....---'''' |
| |<--'''' |
| | |
| | |
| (d) ___...| |
| ___....---''' | |
|<--''' | |
| | |
| | |
+----------+ +--------------+ +------------+
+---+ |RWA-Coord | |IV-Candidates | |IV-Detailed |
|PCC| | PCE | | PCE | | PCE |
+-+-+ +----+-----+ +------+-------+ +-----+------+
|.._ (a) | | |
| ``--.__ | | |
| `-->| | |
| | (b) | |
| |--....____ | |
| | ````---.>| |
| | | |
| | (c) __..-| |
| | __..---'' | |
| |<--'' | |
| | |
| |...._____ (d) |
| | `````-----....._____ |
| | `````----->|
| | |
| | (e) _____.....+
| | _____.....-----''''' |
| |<----''''' |
| (f) __.| |
| __.--'' |
|<-'' |
| |
Originating UA Proxy Terminating UA
| | |
| INVITE (UUI) F1 | |
|------------------->| INVITE (UUI) F2 |
| 100 Trying F3 |------------------->|
|<-------------------| 200 OK F4 |
| 200 OK F5 |<-------------------|
|<-------------------| |
| ACK F6 | |
|------------------->| ACK F7 |
| |------------------->|
Originating UA Redirect Server Terminating UA
| | |
| INVITE F1 | |
|------------------->| |
| 302 Moved (UUI) F2 | |
|<-------------------| |
| ACK F3 | |
|------------------->| |
| INVITE (UUI) F4 | |
|---------------------------------------->|
| 200 OK F5 |
|<----------------------------------------|
| ACK F6 |
|---------------------------------------->|
Originating UA Referrer Terminating UA
| | |
| REFER (UUI) F1 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 202 Accepted F2 | |
|------------------->| |
| INVITE (UUI) F3 | |
|---------------------------------------->|
| NOTIFY (100 Trying) F4 |
|------------------->| |
| 200 OK F5 | |
|<-------------------| |
| 200 OK F6 |
|<----------------------------------------|
| ACK F7 |
|---------------------------------------->|
| NOTIFY (200 OK) F8 | |
|------------------->| |
| 200 OK F9 | |
|<-------------------| |
+------------+-----------+
| | | LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
LBR LBR LBR (LC) LC: Local Controller node
| | | (Data Aggregator)
LC - n LC - n n n: LoWPAN node
/ | | | | / \
n n - LC n - n - n n - n
| | \ | |\
n n n - n n n n
LBR - LC ----- LC ------ LC LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
/| | | LC: Local Controller node
n n n - n - n n - n n: LoWPAN node
/\ | | | |
n n n - n n - n - n
n --- n
| | LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
Internet/ ----- LBR/LC -- n --- n ---- LC LC: Local Controller node
Utility network | | /|\ n: LoWPAN node
n ---- n n n n
n - n I: Internet
| | LBR: Edge Router
LBR --- I -- LBR - n - n - LC LC: Local Controller node
/|\ | | /|\ n: LoWPAN node
.. . .. n -- n n n n
+-----+
| LBR |--------------------------- LBR ...
+-----+ (at the roadside)
-------|------------------------------
|
n -- n --- n --- n +---|---+ LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
/ \ | | n-n-n | n: LoWPAN node
n n n +---|---+
(cars)
--------------------------------------
I
|
| n n n n n n n n n I: Internet
| \|/ \|/ \|/ LBR: LoWPAN Border Router
LBR----LC------LC------LC LC: Local Controller node
| /|\ /|\ /|\ n: LoWPAN node
| n n n n n n n n n
|
LBR
...
http://www.example.com/foo{?query,number}
\_____________/
|
|
For each defined variable in [ 'query', 'number' ],
substitute "?" if it is the first substitution or "&"
thereafter, followed by the variable name, '=', and the
variable's value.
D
/ \
10 / \ 10
/ \
G H----------.
| | |
1 | 1 | |
| | |
B C | 10
| |\ |
| | \ |
| | \ 6 |
| | \ |
7 | 10 | E F
| | / /
| | / 6 / 5
| | / /
| |/ /
A-------S-----/
7
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1--c--C2
|\ /|
| \ / |
d/u | \ | d/u
| / \ |
|/ \|
A1--a--A2
|\ /|
| \ / |
d/u| \ |d/u
| / \ |
|/ \|
E1 E2
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1--c--C2
|\ | \
| \ | +-------+
d/u | \ | \
| +-|-----+ \
| | \ \
A1--a--A2 A3--a--A4
|\ /| | /
| \ / | | /
d/u| \ |d/u | /
| / \ | | /
|/ \| |/
E1 E2 E3
P
/ \
x/ \x+e
/ \
C1<...>C2
|\ | \
| \ | +-------+
d/u | \ | \
| +-|-----+ \
| | \ \
A1--a--A2 A3--a--A4
|\ /| | /
| \ / | | /
d/u| \ |d/u | /
| / \ | | /
|/ \| |/
E1 E2 E3
+--------+
| HAAA & | RADIUS +-----+
| Policy |<-------->| LMA |
| Profile| +-----+
+--------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ |
| // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
| |
MN1 MN2
+---------------+
| HAAA & |
+----------| Policy Profile|
| +---------------+
|
+---------+
|[VL]AAA &| RADIUS +-----+
| Policy |<------->| LMA |
| Profile | +-----+
+---------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
MN1 MN2
+---------------+
| HAAA & |
+----------| Policy Profile|
| +---------------+
| |
| RADIUS
+---------+ |
|[VL]AAA &| +-----+
| Policy | | LMA |
| Profile | +-----+
+---------+ | <--- LMA-Address
^ // \\
+---|------------- //---\\----------------+
( | IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( | Network // \\ )
+---|-----------//---------\\-------------+
| // \\
RADIUS // <- Tunnel1 \\ <- Tunnel2
| // \\
| |- MAG1-Address |- MAG2-Address
| +----+ +----+
+---->|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
| |
MN1 MN2
Implementation ,---. +--------+
+~~~~~~~~~~~/ \~~~~~~| Remote |
+------->-----F2->-| / \ |->---+ |
| +---------+ | Tunnel 1( ) | | |
| | transmit|-F1->-| ( ) |->+ | |
| | LC1 | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| | receive |-<--+ ( ) | F1 F2 |
| +---------+ | |Internet | | | | |
*-------<-----+ F2 | | | | | |
+---------+ | | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| transmit|-* *-| | | |--+<-* |
| LC2 | | Tunnel 2( ) | | |
| receive |-<-F1-| \ / |<-* |
+---------+ +~~~~~~~~~~~\ /~~~~~~| Router |
`-+-' +--------+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|LC10| |LC11| ,---. |LC20| |LC21|
+----+ +----+ / \ +-------+ +----+ +----+
| V10 | V11 / \ | Tunnel| | V20 | V21
| | ( ) | Head | | |
+--------+ +------+ | | | Router|__+----------+
|Ethernet| |Tunnel| |Internet | +---B---+ |Ethernet |
|Switch |--|Head |-| | | |Switch |
+-+--+---+ |Router| | | +---+---+ +--+--+----+
|__| +--A---+ ( )--|Option.| |__|
\ / |Impair.|
Bridge \ / |Gener. | Bridge
V20 to V21 `-+-? +-------+ V10 to V11
,---.
/ \
( Start )
\ / Implementations
`-+-' +-------+
| /| 1 `.
+---+----+ / +-------+ `.-----------+ ,-------.
| RFC | / |Check for | ,' was RFC `. YES
| | / |Equivalence.... clause x ------+
| |/ +-------+ |under | `. clear? ,' |
| Metric \.....| 2 ....relevant | `---+---' +----+-----+
| Metric |\ +-------+ |identical | No | |Report |
| Metric | \ |network | +--+----+ |results + |
| ... | \ |conditions | |Modify | |Advance |
| | \ +-------+ | | |Spec +--+RFC |
+--------+ \| n |.'+-----------+ +-------+ |request |
+-------+ +----------+
+---------------------+
| Originator A |
|---------------------|
| syslog application |
| |
|---------------------|
| syslog transport |
| TCP |
|---------------------|
v
|
/ +---------------------+
/ | Originator B |
/ |---------------------|
/ +----------------------+ | syslog application |
/ | Collector | | |
| |----------------------| |---------------------|
| | syslog application | | syslog transport |
| | | | UDP |
| |----------------------| |---------------------|
| | syslog transport | v
| | TCP | TLS | UDP | |
| |----------------------| |
| ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | |
\ / | \ /
--------- | ------------------
|
|
| +---------------------+
| | Originator C |
| |---------------------|
| | syslog application |
| | |
| |---------------------|
| | syslog transport |
| | TLS |
| |---------------------|
| v
\ /
---------------
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Caching Server 1 - IS NOT ON the DNS Whitelist |
| Caching Server 2 - IS ON the DNS Whitelist |
| Note: Transport between each host can be IPv4 or IPv6. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Stub | | DNS Caching | | DNS |
| Resolver | | Server 1 | | Server |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| DNS Query: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | DNS Query: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| | | NOT on Whitelist
| | DNS Response: |
| | example.com A |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DNS Response: | |
| example.com A | |
|<----------------------| |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| Stub | | DNS Caching | | DNS |
| Resolver | | Server 2 | | Server |
+----------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
| DNS Query: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | DNS Query: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |------------------------>|
| | |
| | | IS on Whitelist
| | DNS Response: |
| | example.com A, AAAA |
| |<------------------------|
| | |
| DNS Response: | |
| example.com A, AAAA | |
|<----------------------| |
"It" Hider
| |
|....."Ready or Not" Sequence.....|
| |
|-------Service List Request----->|
| |
|<-------------GUESS--------------|
| |
|----------HINT-REQUEST---------->|
| [web service] |
| |
|<----------HINT-REPLY------------|
| [COLD] |
| |
|----------HINT-REQUEST---------->|
| [print service] |
| |
|<----------HINT-REPLY------------|
| [FREEZING] |
| |
+-----------+
| |
>| Relying |
/ | Party |
// | |
// +-----------+
SAML/ // ^
HTTPS // +--|--+
// | S| |
/ S | A| |
// A | M| |
// S | L| |
// L | | |
// | | |
</ +--|--+
+------------+ v
| | +----------+
| SAML | HTTPS | |
| Identity |<--------------->| Client |
| Provider | | |
+------------+ +----------+
SASL Serv. Client IdP
|>-----(1)----->| | Advertisement
| | |
|<-----(2)-----<| | Initiation
| | |
|>-----(3)----->| | Authentication Request
| | |
|<-----(4)-----<| | Response of "="
| | |
| |<- -(5,6) - ->| Client<>IdP
| | | Authentication
| | |
|<- - - - - - - - - - -(7)- - -| Authentication Statement
| | |
|>-----(8)----->| | SASL Completion with
| | | Status
| | |
,-. ,-.
,--+ `--+--'- --'\
+----+_____+------+ { +----+ +----+ `. +------+
|GEF1| | |______| P |___| P |______| |
| |-----| PE1 | { +----+ +----+ /+| PE2 |
| | | |==========================>| ASBR |
+-:--+ | |<==========================| |
_|..__ +------+ { DS-TE/MAR Tunnels ; +------+
_,' \-| ./ -'._ !|
| Access \ / +----+ \, !|
| Network | \_ | P | | !|
| / `| +----+ / !|
`--. ,.__,| | IP/MPLS Network / !|
'`' '' ' .._,,'`.__ _/ '---' !|
| '`''' !|
C1 !|
,-. ,-. !|
,--+ `--+--'- --'\ !|
+----+_____+------+ { +----+ +----+ `. +------+
|GEF2| | |______| P |___| P |______| |
| |-----| PE4 | { +----+ +----+ /+| PE3 |
| | | |==========================>| ASBR |
+-:--+ | |<==========================| |
_|..__ +------+ { DS-TE/MAM Tunnels ; +------+
_,' \-| ./ -'._
| Access \ / +----+ \,
| Network | \_ | P | |
| / `| +----+ /
`--. ,.__,| | IP/MPLS Network /
'`' '' ' .._,,'`.__ _/ '---'
| '`'''
C2
|<-- BWMck-->|<----- ULBCck ----->|
|---------------|------------|--------------------|
0 SBWck RBWck MRBCck
Exclude Include
|<--- link ---->|<-- Test (9)-->|<--- link ----->|
|---------------|---------------|----------------| ULBCck
SBWi PBWi
Exclude Include
|<--- link ---->|<--- link ----->|
|---------------|----------------| ULBCck
SBWi PBWi
HIGH-PRIORITY-CT LSP
+----+======================+----+======================+----+
|GEF1|NORMAL-PRIORITY-CT LSP| VN | |GEF2|
| |======================| |======================| |
| |LOW-PRIORITY/BE-CT LSP| | | |
+----+======================+----+======================+----+
|<----- ULBk <= RBTk ---->|
LSP-p |------------------------|-------------------------|
A B E
|<-- ULBk <= RBTk -->|
LSP-s |---------------|--------------------|-------------|
A C D E
MAG LMA
(1) | |
MN1-------| (2) PBU |
|--------------------------->|
| * (3)
| (4) PBA |
|<---------------------------|
* (5) |
(6) | |
MN2-------| |
* (7)........................|
(8) | |
MN3-------| |
* (9)........................|
| |
| (10) PBU |
|--------------------------->|
| * (11)
| (12) PBA |
|<---------------------------|
* (13)
| |
| (14) BRI |
|<---------------------------|
| * (15)
| (16) BRA |
|--------------------------->|
* (17) |
| |
| | |
| >--DHCPDISCOVER--> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPDISCOVER----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPOFFER-----< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPOFFER----< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| >--DHCPREQUEST---> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPREQUEST-----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPACK-------< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPACK------< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
... ... ...
| | |
| >--DHCPDISCOVER--> | |
| on unknown VPN | |
| | >--DHCPDISCOVER----> |
| | |
| | <----DHCPOFFER-----< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPOFFER----< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| >--DHCPREQUEST---> | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | >--DHCPREQUEST-----> |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | VSS-Control |
| | |
| | <----DHCPACK-------< |
| | Relay Agent Info: |
| | VSS type 0:"abc" |
| | |
| <---DHCPACK------< | |
| on VPN "abc" | |
| | |
| | |
... ... ...
|
ASP(/MSP) | ASA/MSA(/MSP)
|
|
+-------+ | +-------+
| | | | |
|AAAV |-----------|--------|AAAH |
| | | | |
+-------+ | +-------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----+ +------+ |
+----+ | NAS/| |DHCP | |
| MN |------|DHCP |----|Server| |
+----+ |Relay| | | |
+-----+ +------+ |
|
|
+--------+ | +--------+
| HA | | | HA |
| in ASP | | |in MSP |
+--------+ | +--------+
|
--------------ASP------>|<--ASA+MSA--
|
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | | | | | |
| MN/| |NAS/ | | DHCP | |AAAH |
|User| |DHCP | | Server| | |
| | |relay | | | | |
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-----+
| | | |
| 1 | 1 | |
|<------------->|<---------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| 2 | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
| | 3 | |
| |------------>| |
| | | |
| | 4 | |
| |<------------| |
| | | |
| 5 | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | | |
MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG1
+------+
|HA/LMA|-----------------------+
+------+ |
//\\ |
+-------//--\\--------+ |
( // \\ PMIPv6 ) |
( // \\ domain) +--------------+
+----//--------\\-----+ ( Non-PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( domain )
// \\ +--------------+
// \\ |
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| | AR |
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
MIPv6-HoA == MN-HoA -> MAG_1
+-------+
|HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
+-------+ |
//\\ +----+
+-------//--\\--------+ |LMA2|
( // \\ home ) +----+
( // \\ PMIPv6) +------||------+
( // \\domain) ( ||visited)
+---//----------\\----+ ( ||PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( ||domain )
// \\ +------||------+
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| |MAG3|
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
MIPv6-HoA -> MN_CoA
+-------+
|HA/LMA1|-----------------------+
+-------+ |
//\\ +----+
+-------//--\\--------+ |LMA2| MN_CoA -> MAG3
( // \\ home ) +----+
( // \\ PMIPv6) +------||------+
( // \\domain) ( ||visited)
+---//----------\\----+ ( ||PMIPv6 )
// \\ ( ||domain )
// \\ +------||------+
+----+ +----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2| |MAG3|
+----+ +----+ +----+
| | |
[MN]
+-----------+
| IPv6 host | ----------------->
+-----------+ movement
+----------+
| MIPv6 MN | ----------------->
+----------+ movement
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| MN | | MAG2 | | LMA1 | | HA |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| | | |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | HoA -> CoA_1 |
| | | | binding present |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | |
| CoA conf/confirm | PBU(CoA_1,MAG_2) | |
| <--------------->| ----------------->| |
| | +-----------------+|
| | | CoA_1 -> MAG_2 ||
| | | binding updated ||
| | +-----------------+|
| | PBA | |
| | <----------------| |
| | | |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| MN | | MAG3 | | LMA2 | | HA |
+----+ +------+ +------+ +----+
| CoA config | PBU(CoA_2,MAG_3) | |
|<---------------->|------------------->| |
| | +-----------------+ |
| | | CoA_2 -> MAG_3 | |
| | | binding created | |
| | +-----------------+ |
| | PBA | |
| |<-------------------| |
| | | |
| | BU (HoA, CoA_2) | |
|---------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | HoA -> CoA_2 |
| | | | binding updated |
| | | +-----------------+
| | BA | |
|<----------------------------------------------------|
+-----------+
| Relying |
>| Party / |
/ | SASL |
// | Server |
// +-----------+
// ^
OpenID // +--|--+
// | O| | G
/ S | p| | S
// A | e| | S
// S | n| | A
// L | I| | P
// | D| | I
</ +--|--+
+------------+ v
| | +----------+
| OpenID | OpenID | |
| Provider |<--------------->| Client |
| | | |
+------------+ +----------+
SASL Serv. RP/Client OP
|>-----(1)----->| | Advertisement
| | |
|<-----(2)-----<| | Initiation
| | |
|> - - (3) - - - - - - - - - ->| Discovery
| |
|>- - -(4)- - - - - - - - - - >| Association
|<- - -(4)- - - - - - - - - - <|
| | |
|>-----(5)----->| | Indirect Auth Request
| | |
|<-----(6)-----<| | Client "=" Response
| | |
| |>- - (7)- - ->| Client GET to the OP (ext.)
| | |
| |<- - (8)- - ->| Client / OP Auth. (ext.)
| | |
|<- - -(9)- - - + - - - - - - <| HTTPS Indirect id_res
| | |
|<- - -(10)- - - - - - - - - ->| Optional
| | | check_authentication
| | |
|>-----(11)---->| | SASL completion with status
MN HAC HA
-- --- --
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ \| |
|\ TLS session setup /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ MN Authentication \| |
|\ /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| | |
| /-------------------------\ | |
|/ HAC provisions the MN \| |
|\ keys, SPI, & MIPv6 parms /| |
| \-------------------------/ | |
| |--MNID, keys, SPI->|
| | |
| /--------------------------------------------\ |
|/ MN-HA SA established; Secures \ |
|\ signaling and optionally user traffic / |
| \--------------------------------------------/ |
| |
|------------BU(encrypted)----------------------->|
| |
|<---------BAck(encrypted)------------------------|
+------+ +------+ +------+
|Mobile| TLS |Home | AAA | AAA |
| Node |<----------->|Agent |<---------->|Server|
| | |Contrl| | |
+------+ +------+ +------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| BU/BA/../ | e.g., AAA | AAA
| (Data) | |
| v |
| +---------+ |
| | MIPv6 | |
+--------------->| Home |<-------------+
| Agent(s)|
+---------+
MN HAC
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Done (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Done (...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
MN HAC
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Init (...) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Init (..., |
| eap-payload=EAP-Request/Identity) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Mid (eap-payload= |
| EAP-Response/Identity) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Mid (eap-payload=EAP-Request/...) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
: :
: ..EAP-method specific exchanges.. :
: :
| |
| Request/MHAuth-Done (eap-payload=EAP-Response/..., |
| ..., auth) |
|------------------------------------------------------>|
| |
| Response/MHAuth-Done (eap-payload=EAP-Success, |
| ..., auth) |
|<------------------------------------------------------|
| |
+------+ +--------+ +---------------+
|SAVI I|-------------|SWITCH I|-------|rest of the net|
+------+ +--------+ +---------------+
| |
| +--------+
| | SAVI II|
| +--------+
| +----------+ |
+---|SWITCH II |-----+
+----------+
|
+-----+
| Host|
+-----+
+------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
| Host |-------------|SAVI device|-------|rest of the net|
+------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
+------+ +-------------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
| Host |----|Legacy device|-----|SAVI device|----|rest of the net|
+------+ +-------------+ +-----------+ +---------------+
Possible L2 Trigger/Information
|
|
______________ ______v_____ __________________
| MANET | | | | |
| Neighborhood | | Relay Set | | Other Heuristics |
| Discovery |----------->| Selection |<------|(Preference, etc.)|
| Protocol | neighbor | Algorithm | | Net Management |
|______________| info |____________| |__________________|
\ /
\ /
neighbor\ / Dynamic Relay
info* \ ____________ / Set Status
\ | SMF | / (State, {neighbor info})
`-->| Relay Set |<--'
| State |
-->|____________|
/
/
______________
| Coexistent |
| MANET |
| Unicast |
| Process |
|______________|
S0 S3
.............. ..............
. . . .
. +-----+ . . .
. | CE0 |-----------+ . +-----+ .
. +-----+ . | . | CE5 | .
. . | . +--+--+ .
. +-----+ . | . | .
. | CE1 |-------+ | .......|......
. +-----+ . | | /
. . | | /
.............. | | /
| | SP Network /
.....|...|.............................../.....
. | | / .
. +-+---+-+ +-------+ / .
. | PE0 |-------| P |-- | .
. +-+---+-+ +-------+ \ | .
. / \ \ +---+---+ .
. | -----+ --| PE2 | .
. | | +---+---+ .
. | +---+---+ / .
. | | PE1 | / .
. | +---+---+ / .
. | \ / .
...|.............|.............../.............
| | /
| | /
| | /
S1 | | S2 /
.............. | ........|........../......
. . | . | | .
. +-----+ . | . +--+--+ +--+--+ .
. | CE2 |-----+ . | CE3 | | CE4 | .
. +-----+ . . +-----+ +-----+ .
. . . .
.............. ..........................
+---------+------------------------------------------------+
|Arriving | Arriving Outer Header |
| Inner +---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Header | Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
| Not-ECT | Not-ECT |Not-ECT(!!!)|Not-ECT(!!!)| <drop>(!!!)|
| ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE |
| ECT(1) | ECT(1) | ECT(1) (!) | ECT(1) | CE |
| CE | CE | CE | CE(!!!)| CE |
+---------+---------+------------+------------+------------+
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| ECN Bits || 00 | 10 | 01 | 11 || DSCP |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| RFC 3168 || Not-ECT | ECT(0) | ECT(1) | CE || Any |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| Baseline || Not-PCN | NM | EXP | PM || PCN-n |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| 3-In-1 || Not-PCN | NM | ThM | ETM || PCN-n |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| 3-In-2 || Not-PCN | NM | CU | ThM || PCN-n |
| ||----------+----------+----------+----------++---------|
| || Not-PCN | CU | CU | ETM || PCN-m |
|==============++==========+==========+==========+==========++=========|
| PSDM || Not-PCN | Not-ETM | Not-ThM | PM || PCN-n |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+-----------------+ +------------------+
| User U | | Server S (U,W) |
| | (U, X) | |
| |----------------------------->| |
| | | |
| | (S, Y) | |
| |<-----------------------------| |
| | | |
| | V_U | |
| |----------------------------->| |
| | | |
| | V_S | |
| |<-----------------------------| |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +------------------+
,------------------------------------. ,----------------.
| Rest of the Internet +-------+ Remote Host R |
`--+-----------+------------------+--' `----------------'
| | | LR[1] ... LR[m]
,---+----. ,---+----. ,----+---.
| ISP[1] | | ISP[2] | ...... | ISP[n] |
`---+----' `---+----' `----+---'
| | |
,---+-----------+------------------+---.
| Multi-Homed Site S assigned |
| prefixes P[1], P[2], ..., P[n] |
| |
| ,--------. L[1] = P[1]:iid[1], |
| | Host H | L[2] = P[2]:iid[2], ... |
| `--------' L[n] = P[n]:iid[n] |
`--------------------------------------'
+------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----------+
| Peer | | SAP | | CAP | | EA Server |
+--+---+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-----+-----+
| | | |
a. | [EAP-Initiate/ | | |
| Re-auth-start | | |
| (E flag)] | | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
b. | EAP-Initiate/ | | |
| Re-auth | | |
| (E flag) | | |
|--------------->| | |
c. | | AAA(EAP-Initiate/Re-auth(E flag))|
| |--------------------------------->|
| | | +---------+---------+
| | | | CA authorized & |
d. | | | | and EA Keying |
| | | | Distribution |
| | | +---------+---------+
| | | |
| | | |
f. | | AAA (EAP-Finish/Re-auth(E flag)) |
| |<---------------------------------|
g. | EAP-Finish/ | | |
| Re-auth(E flag)| | |
|<---------------| | |
| | | |
+-----------+ +---------+
| | | |
| EA Server | | CAP |
| | | |
+-----|-----+ +----|----+
| |
| |
| AAA Request (pMSK) |
e.1|------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| AAA Response (Success) |
e.2|<-------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
+-----------+ +-------------------------------+ +-----------+
| | | application-layer data models | | network |
| generic | +-------------------------------+ | management|
| infra- | | transport-layer data models | | infra- |
| structure | +-------------------------------+ | structure |
| data | | network-layer data models | | data |
| models | +-------------------------------+ | models |
| | | link-layer data models | | |
+-----------+ +-------------------------------+ +-----------+
+----------------+ +----------------+
| | | |
| IAB | | IAOC |
| | | |
+==========+-----+ +-+--------------+
| | .
| RSOC | .
| | .
+----+-----+ .
| .
| .
| ...................
| . .
+--------V---V----+ .
| | .
| RFC | .
| Series | .
| Editor | .
| | .
+--------+--------+ .
| .
| .................
| . .
+--+----------------+ .
| . | .
| . | .
+---V-----V--+ +--V----V---+
| RFC | | RFC |
| Production | | Publisher |
| Center | | |
+------------+ +-----------+
+---------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| | Modified |
| +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | <Removed> | SERVER | CLIENT | NONE |
| | | (default) | | |
+===+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+
| | <Absent> | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| O | | | ADD | | |
| r +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| i | SERVER | CANCEL | REQUEST | CANCEL | CANCEL |
| g | (default) | | | | |
| i +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| n | CLIENT | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| a | | | ADD | | |
| l +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| | NONE | -- | REQUEST / | -- | -- |
| | | | ADD | | |
+---+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+-------> MPLS-TC-STD-MIB <-----------------------------------------+
^ ^ ^
| | |
| MPLS-LSR-STD-MIB <--------------------------------+ |
| ^ |
| | |
+<----------------------- MPLS-LDP-STD-MIB ---------------->+ |
^ ^ ^ |
| | | |
+<-- MPLS-LDP-GENERIC-STD-MIB ------>+ | |
^ | |
| | |
+<------ MPLS-FTN-STD-MIB --------------------------------->+ |
^ | ^ |
| V | |
+<------------- MPLS-TE-STD-MIB -->+----------------------->+ |
^ GMPLS-TC-STD-MIB ------------>+
| ^ ^
| | |
+---+ +<-- GMPLS-LABEL-STD-MIB -->+
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
+----> PW-TC-STD-MIB | GMPLS-LSR-STD-MIB --------------->+
^ | ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
| IANA-PWE3-MIB | | | IANA-GMPLS-TC-MIB |
| ^ | | | ^ |
| | | | | | |
| | +<--- GMPLS-TE-STD-MIB ------------->+
| | ^ ^
+<--- PW-STD-MIB <------+ | |
^ ^ | |
| | | |
+<--- PW-ENET-STD-MIB ->+ | |
^ ^ | |
| | | |
| | | |
+<---------------- PW-MPLS-STD-MIB--------------------------------->+
+------------------------- +
| IPFIX | NetFlow | Others |
+------------------------- +
| ^ |
| Flow Export |
| ^ |
| +-------------+ |
| | Monitoring | |
| | Plane | |
| +-------------+ |
| ^ |
| traffic information |
| ^ |
| +-------------+ |
| | | |
traffic ---|---->| Forwarding |------|---->
| | Plane | |
| +-------------+ |
| |
| DUT |
+------------------------- +
+-----------+
| |
| Collector |
| |
|Flow Record|
| analysis |
| |
+-----------+
^
| Flow Export
|
| Export Interface
+--------+ +-------------+ +----------+
| | | | | traffic |
| traffic| (*)| | | receiver |
| sender |-------->| DUT |--------->| |
| | | | | traffic |
| | | | | analysis |
+--------+ +-------------+ +----------+
+-------+ +----------------------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
+-------+ |DHCP | Relay | +-----------+
| |Client | Agent | |
| +----------------------+ |
|1 Initial NW entry | |
|or attach procedure| |
|<----------------->| |
| |2 Solicit |
| |---------> Relay-forward |
| | --------------->|
| | 3 Relay-reply |
| |Advertise <---------------|
| |<-------- |
| |4 Request |
| |---------> Relay-forward |
| | --------------->|
| | 5 Relay-reply |
| |Reply <---------------|
| |<-------- |
|6 Attach | |
| Completed | |
|<----------------->| |
|7 Router | |
| Solicitation | |
|------------------>| |
| 8 Router | |
| Advertisement | |
|<------------------| |
+----------+ +--------------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
| |DHCP | | DHCP |DHCP | +-----------+
| |Client| |Server|Client |
+----------+ +--------------+
| Initial NW entry | |
|or attach procedure | |
|<-----------------> | |
| | DHCPv6-PD exchange |
| | similar to Steps 2-5 |
| Solicit | of Figure 2 (IA_PD) |
|---------------------->| |
| Advertise | |
|<----------------------| |
| Request | |
|---------------------->| |
| | |
| | |
| | Use prefix in IA_PD |
| Reply | to assign IAADDR |
|<--------------------- | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------+
| MN | | AR | |DHCP Server|
+-------+ +-------+ +-----------+
| | |
| 1 De-registration | |
| handover, or other | |
|<--------------------->| |
| |2 Relay-forward/Release|
| |---------------------->|
| | |
| |3 Relay-reply/Reply |
| |<--------------------- |
| | |
| | |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
| | | | | |
+-----+ +-----+ | Provider +--------+ | |
|IPv6 | | 6rd |__| IPv4 | Border |__| IPv6 |
|Host | | CE | | Network | Router | | Network |
+-----+ +-----+ | +--------+ | |
| Customer LAN | | | | |
+--------------+ +-----------------+ +---------+
+--------------------+-----------+
| 32-bit Gateway IPv4 address |
+--------------------+-----------+
|<---IPv4MaskLen --->| o bits | Gateway or manually
/ / generated value, unique
Configured / / / for the Gateway
| / / |
| / / V
| V p bits | o bits | n bits |m bits | 64 bits |
+----------------+------------+---------+-------+----------------+
| | Gateway |Customer | | |
| Common prefix | Identifier | Site |subnet | interface ID |
| | | Index | ID | |
+----------------+------------+---------+-------+----------------+
|<------ GI 6rd delegated prefix ------>|
PW PW
End Service End Service
| |
|<------- Pseudowire ------->|
| |
| Server |
| |<- PSN Tunnel ->| |
| V V |
------- +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ -------
) | | |================| | | (
Client ) | MPLS| PE1 | PW1 | PE2 | MPLS| ( Client
MPLS PSN )+ LSR1+............................+ LSR2+( MPLS PSN
) | | | | | | (
) | | |================| | | (
------- +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ --------
^ ^
| |
| |
|<---- Emulated Service----->|
| |
Virtual physical Virtual physical
termination termination
+------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| | | Pkt +-----+ | | |
------+ +---------+ PW1 +--------+ +------
| | Client | AC +-----+ | Server | |
Client | | LSR | | LSR | | Server
Network | | | Pkt +-----+ | | | Network
------+ +---------+ PW2 +--------+ +------
| | | AC +-----+ | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------+
+--------+----------------------------------------------------+
| | Codepoint in ECN field of IP header |
| DSCP | <RFC3168 codepoint name> |
| +--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
| | 00 <Not-ECT> | 10 <ECT(0)> | 01 <ECT(1)> | 11 <CE> |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
| DSCP n | not-PCN | NM | ThM | ETM |
+--------+--------------+-------------+-------------+---------+
. . . . . . PCN-domain . . . . . .
. ,---------. ,--------. .
. _| PCN- |___________________| PCN- |_ .
. / | ingress | | egress | \ .
.| `---------' `--------' |.
| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .|
,---------. ,--------.
_____| Tunnel | | Tunnel |____
| Ingress | - - ECN preserved inside tunnel - - | Egress |
`---------' `--------'
+===================+==============+=======================+
| | IPv4 address| Network-type |
| Softwire +----+----+---+----+----+------+------+
| | up | op | s | v4 | v6 | v4v6 | MPLS |
+====================+====+====+===+====+====+======+======+
| GRE with GRE Key | x | x | x | x | x | x | |
| MPLS VPN | x | x | | | | | x |
| IPv4/IPv6-in-MPLS | x | x | x | | | | x |
| IPv4-in-IPv4 | x | | | x | | | |
| IPv4-in-IPv6 | x | | | | x | | |
| IPv4-in-IPv6 w/ FL | x | x | x | | x | | |
+====================+====+====+===+====+====+======+======+
AD Access Gateway AAA/Policy AFTR
| | | |
|----(1)-------->| | |
| (2)<-------------->| |
| (3) | |
| |<------(4)------------------->|
| (5) | |
|<---(6)-------->| | |
| | | |
+ -------------------------+
-------- ------------- | ---------- ______ |
|EAP peer|<---->|Authenticator|<--> | |EAP Server|___(______) |
-------- ------------- | ---------- | DB | |
. . |AAA (______) |
. i1 . +--------------------------+
.<----------------. i2 . .
. .------------> .
. i1 .
.-------------------------------------->.
. CB_success/failure(i1, i2,info) .
.<--------------------------------------.
-----------
| TK | MK |
-----------
| |
v v
--------
| CTK |
--------
|
v
----------------
| | |
v v v
------- ------ -------
| TEK | | MSK | | EMSK |
------- ------- --------
P_encounter
^
|
P_encounter_max + - - .-------------------------------------
| /
| / .
| /
| / .
| /
| / .
|/
+-------+-------------------------------------> I
I_typ
| +-------------+ | A. Delivery Predictabilities | +-------------+ |
| Subsidiary |--->---->---->---->---->---->---->| Subsidiary |
| | State | | C. Bundle Responses | | State | |
| Machine 1: | | Machine 1: |
| | Initiator | | B. Bundle Offers | | Listener | |
| Role |<----<----<----<----<----<----<---| Role |
| +-------------+ | D. Requested Bundles | +-------------+ |
| +-------------+ | A. Delivery Predictabilities | +-------------+ |
| Subsidiary |<----<----<----<----<----<----<---| Subsidiary |
| | State | | C. Bundle Responses | | State | |
| Machine 2: | | Machine 2: |
| | Listener | | B. Bundle Offers | | Initiator | |
| Role |--->---->---->---->---->---->---->| Role |
| +-------------+ | D. Requested Bundles | +-------------+ |
FEC_Sender2---------| |--------FEC_Receiver2
| |
FEC_Sender1-------IP/MPLS network
|-----------FEC_Receiver11
|-----------FEC_Receiver12
|-----------FEC_Receiver13
---- EAP-Initiate/ ----> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ ---------->
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
[Bootstrap] [Bootstrap])
<--- EAP-Finish/ ------> <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/---------
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
[Bootstrap] [Bootstrap])
---- EAP-Initiate/ ----> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ ---------->
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
Bootstrap Bootstrap)
<--- EAP-Finish/ ------> <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/---------
Re-auth/ Re-auth/
Bootstrap Bootstrap)
---- EAP-Initiate/ -------> ----AAA(EAP-Initiate/ -------->
Re-auth Re-auth)
<--- EAP-Finish/ ---------- <---AAA(rMSK,EAP-Finish/-------
Re-auth Re-auth)
1 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
| |
| _..----''''''''''''''''''''
| ,-''
| ,'
| / Mass at
| / +infinity
| / = fraction
|| lost
|/
0 |_____________________________________
Code Len Algorithms
+-----+-----+----+----+----+
| 145 | n | A1 | A2 | A3 | ....
+-----+-----+----+----+----+
v v v
| | |
| Begins initialization |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/DHCPDISCOVER | DHCPDISCOVER \|
| w/FORCERENEW- | w/FORCERENEW- |
| NONCE-CAPABLE | NONCE-CAPABLE |
| | |
Determines | Determines
configuration | configuration
| | |
|\ | /|
| \__________ | _________/ |
| DHCPOFFER \ | /DHCPOFFER |
|w/FORCERENEW \ | /w/FORCERENEW|
|NONCE-CAPABLE \| /NONCE-CAPABLE|
| | |
| Collects replies |
| | |
| Selects configuration |
| | |
| _____________/|\____________ |
|/ DHCPREQUEST | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| w/Forcerenew- | w/Forcerenew- |
| Nonce-Capable | Nonce-Capable |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| |Creates 128-bit Forcerenew Nonce
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Nonce |
| | |
|Client stores Forcerenew Nonce |
| | |
| Initialization complete |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Forcerenew |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPFORCE |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Digest(HMAC)|
| | |
| Client checks HMAC digest |
| using stored Forcerenew Nonce |
| | |
| |\____________ |
| | DHCPREQUEST\ |
| | w/FORCERENEW- |
| | NONCE-CAPABLE |
| | |
| | Commits configuration
| | |
| |Creates 128-bit Forcerenew Nonce
| | |
| | _____________/|
| |/ DHCPACK |
| | w/Auth-Proto= |
| | Forcerenew- |
| | Nonce |
| | |
| | |
| | |
. . .
. . .
| | |
| Graceful shutdown |
| | |
| |\ ____________ |
| | DHCPRELEASE \|
| | |
| | Discards lease
| | |
v v v
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG1| |LMA |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | |
| data | data |
|<--------------------->|<------------->|
| | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------->|<------------->|
| | | LR decision
| | | LRI(Opt1) |
| | |<--------------|
| | | |
| | | LRA(Opt2) |
| | |-------------->|
| | | |
| data | |
|<--------------------->| |
| | | |
| | data | |
| |<--------->| |
| | | |
| | | |
Internet
:
|
|
+-----+
| LMA |
+-----+
|
|
+----+-----+
| |
+----+ +----+
|MAG1| |MAG2|
+----+ +----+
: :
+---+ +---+
|MN1| |MN2|
+---+ +---+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG1| |MAG2| |LMA |
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
| data | data |
|<--------------------->|<----------------------->|
| | | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------------------->|<----------->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt1) |
| | |<------------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | LRI(Opt2) |
| | | |<------------|
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt3) |
| | |------------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | | LRA(Opt4) |
| | | |------------>|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| data | data | |
|<--------------------->|<--------->| |
| | | | |
| | data | |
| |<--------------------->| |
| | | | |
| | | | |
In this scenario, both the MNs are attached to the same MAG, but are
anchored at two different LMAs. MN1 is anchored at LMA1, and MN2 is
anchored at LMA2. Note that the two LMAs are part of the same
Provider Domain.
Internet
: :
+------------------+
| |
+----+ +----+
|LMA1| |LMA2|
+----+ +----+
| |
| |
+------------------+
|
|
|
+-----+
| MAG |
+-----+
: :
+---+ +---+
|MN1| |MN2|
+---+ +---+
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|MN1 | |MN2 | |MAG | |LMA1| |LMA2|
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
| | | | |
| data | data | data |
|<--------------------->|<--------->|<----------->|
| | | | |
| | data | data |
| |<--------->|<----------------------->|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt1) | |
| | |---------->| |
| | | | |
| | | LRI(Opt2) |
| | |------------------------>|
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt3) | |
| | |<----------| |
| | | | |
| | | LRA(Opt4) |
| | |<------------------------|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| data | | |
|<--------------------->| | |
| | | | |
| | data | | |
| |<--------->| | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
+--------------+ +--------------+
| Intermediate | +--------------+ | Intermediate |
| Router C | | Core Router D| | Router E |
| (default->D) | | (A->C; G->E) | | (default->D) |
| (A->B) | +--------------+ | (G->F) |
+-------+------+ +------+-------+
| |
X---+---+--------------------------------------+---+---X
| AERO Link |
+-----+--------+ +--------+-----+
| Edge Router B| | Edge Router F|
| (default->C) | | (default->E) |
+--------------+ +--------------+
.-. .-.
,-( _)-. ,-( _)-.
.-(_ IPv6 )-. .-(_ IPv6 )-.
(__ EUN ) (__ EUN )
`-(______)-' `-(______)-'
| |
+--------+ +--------+
| Host A | | Host G |
+--------+ +--------+
--------
/ \
| CSP |
\ /
--------
*
*
* /\
* / \
---------------------- |CDNI| ----------------------
/ Upstream CDN \ | | / Downstream CDN \
| +-------------+ | Control Interface| +-------------+ |
|******* Control |<======|====|========>| Control *******|
|* +------*----*-+ | | | | +-*----*------+ *|
|* * * | | | | * * *|
|* +------*------+ | Logging Interface| +------*------+ *|
|* ***** Logging |<======|====|========>| Logging ***** *|
|* * +-*-----------+ | | | | +-----------*-+ * *|
|* * * * | Request Routing | * * * *|
.....*...+-*---------*-+ | Interface | +-*---------*-+...*.*...
. |* * *** Req-Routing |<======|====|========>| Req-Routing *** * *| .
. |* * * +-------------+.| | | | +-------------+ * * *| .
. |* * * . CDNI Metadata | * * *| .
. |* * * +-------------+ |. Interface | +-------------+ * * *| .
. |* * * | Distribution|<==.===|====|========>| Distribution| * * *| .
. |* * * | | | . \ / | | | * * *| .
. |* * * |+---------+ | | . \/ | | +---------+| * * *| .
. |* * ***| +---------+| | ....Request......+---------+ |*** * *| .
. |* *****+-|Surrogate|************************|Surrogate|-+***** *| .
. |******* +---------+| | Acquisition | |+----------+ *******| .
. | +-------------+ | | +-------*-----+ | .
. \ / \ * / .
. ---------------------- ---------*------------ .
. * .
. * Delivery .
. * .
. +--*---+ .
...............Request.............................| User |..Request..
| Agent|
+------+
4.0*LTP_scale_Q14
res[i] = ----------------- * clamp(-1.0,
gain_Q16[s]
d_LPC-1
__ a_Q12[k]
out[i] - \ out[i-k-1] * --------, 1.0)
/_ 4096.0
k=0
d_LPC-1
65536.0 __ a_Q12[k]
res[i] = ----------- * (lpc[i] - \ lpc[i-k-1] * --------)
gain_Q16[s] /_ 4096.0
k=0
4
e_Q23[i] __ b_Q7[k]
res[i] = --------- + \ res[i - pitch_lags[s] + 2 - k] * -------
2.0**23 /_ 128.0
k=0
d_LPC-1
gain_Q16[i] __ a_Q12[k]
lpc[i] = ----------- * res[i] + \ lpc[i-k-1] * --------
65536.0 /_ 4096.0
k=0
+------------+ +---------+
| Sample | | SILK |------+
+->| Rate |--->| Encoder | V
+-----------+ | | Conversion | | | +---------+
| Optional | | +------------+ +---------+ | Range |
->| High-pass |--+ | Encoder |---->
| Filter | | +--------------+ +---------+ | | Bit-
+-----------+ | | Delay | | CELT | +---------+ stream
+->| Compensation |->| Encoder | ^
| | | |------+
+--------------+ +---------+
+----------+ +--------+ +---------+
| Sample | | Stereo | | SILK |
------>| Rate |--->| Mixing |--->| Core |---------->
Input |Conversion| | | | Encoder | Bitstream
+----------+ +--------+ +---------+
+---+
+--------------------------------->| |
+---------+ | +---------+ | |
|Voice | | |LTP |12 | |
+-->|Activity |--+ +----->|Scaling |-----------+---->| |
| |Detection|3 | | |Control |<--+ | | |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | |
| | | +---------+ | | | |
| | | |Gains | | | | |
| | | +-->|Processor|---|---+---|---->| R |
| | | | | |11 | | | | a |
| \/ | | +---------+ | | | | n |
| +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | | g |
| |Pitch | | | |LSF | | | | | e |
| +->|Analysis |---+ | |Quantizer|---|---|---|---->| |
| | | |4 | | | |8 | | | | E |-->
| | +---------+ | | +---------+ | | | | n | 2
| | | | 9/\ 10| | | | | c |
| | | | | \/ | | | | o |
| | +---------+ | | +----------+ | | | | d |
| | |Noise | +--|-->|Prediction|--+---|---|---->| e |
| +->|Shaping |---|--+ |Analysis |7 | | | | r |
| | |Analysis |5 | | | | | | | | |
| | +---------+ | | +----------+ | | | | |
| | | | /\ | | | | |
| | +----------|--|--------+ | | | | |
| | | \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ | |
| | | +----------+ +------------+ | |
| | | | | |Noise | | |
-+-------+-----+----->|Pre-filter|--------->|Shaping |-->| |
1 | | 6 |Quantization|13 | |
+----------+ +------------+ +---+
+--------+ +----------+
|2 x Down| |Time- |
+->|sampling|->|Correlator| |
| | | | | |4
| +--------+ +----------+ \/
| | 2 +-------+
| | +-->|Speech |5
+---------+ +--------+ | \/ | |Type |->
|LPC | |Down | | +----------+ | |
+->|Analysis | +->|sample |-+------------->|Time- | +-------+
| | | | |to 8 kHz| |Correlator|----------->
| +---------+ | +--------+ |__________| 6
| | | |3
| \/ | \/
| +---------+ | +----------+
| |Whitening| | |Time- |
-+->|Filter |-+--------------------------->|Correlator|----------->
1 | | | | 7
+---------+ +----------+
/ \ ___
| // \\
| // \\ ____
|_// \\___// \\ ____
| / ___ \ / \\ // \\
P |/ / \ \_/ \\_____// \\
o | / \ ____ \ / \\
w | / \___/ \ \___/ ____ \\___ 1
e |/ \ / \ \
r | \_____/ \ \__ 2
| \
| \___ 3
|
+---------------------------------------->
Frequency
16 d
__ -k -L __ -k
Wana(z) = (1 - \ a_ana(k) * z )*(1 - z * \ b_ana(k) * z )
/_ /_
k=1 k=-d
16 d
__ -k -L __ -k
Wsyn(z) = (1 - \ a_syn(k) * z )*(1 - z * \ b_syn(k) * z )
/_ /_
k=1 k=-d
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudo Wire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| | | +-----+
| |----------|....|...PW1.(active)...|....|----------| |
| | | |==================| | | CE2 |
| CE1 | +----+ |PE2 | | |
| | +----+ | | +-----+
| | | |==================| |
| |----------|....|...PW2.(standby)..| |
+-----+ | | PE3|==================| |
AC +----+ +----+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | |....|.......PW1........|....| | +-----+
| |----------| PE1|...... .........| PE3|----------| |
| CE1 | +----+ \ / PW3 +----+ | CE2 |
| | +----+ X +----+ | |
| | | |....../ \..PW4....| | | |
| |----------| PE2| | PE4|--------- | |
+-----+ | |....|.....PW2..........|....| | +-----+
AC +----+ +----+ AC
Native |<----------- Pseudowires ----------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|.PW1-Seg2......|-------| |
| CE1| | |=========| |=========| | | CE2|
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
+----+ |.||.| |.||.| +----+
|.||.| +-----+ |.||.|
|.||.|=========| |========== .||.|
|.||...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2...||.|
|.| ===========|S-PE2|============ |.|
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|============+-----+============= .|
|.....PW3-Seg1.| | PW3-Seg2......|
==============|S-PE3|===============
| |
+-----+
|<----- Provider ----->|
Core
+------+ +------+
| n-PE |::::::::::::::::::::::| n-PE |
Provider | (P) |.......... .........| (P) | Provider
Access +------+ . . +------+ Access
Network X Network
(1) +------+ . . +------+ (2)
| n-PE |.......... .........| n-PE |
| (B) |......................| (B) |
+------+ +------+
+-------+ +-------+
| | PW | |
| PE1 |====================| PE2 |
| | | |
+-------+ +-------+
-----------------------------------
| |
| ------------------
| Y | Received Label | N
| -------| Mapping msg? |--------------
| | ------------------ |
| -------------- |
| | | |
| ------- ------- |
| | C=0 | | C=1 | |
| ------- ------- |
| | | |
| | ---------------- |
| | | Control Word | N |
| | | Capable? |----------- |
| | ---------------- | |
| | Y | | |
| | | | |
| | ---------------- | |
| | | Control Word | N | |
| | | Preferred? |---- | |
| | ---------------- | | |
| | Y | | | |
| --------------------- | | | |
| |Control Word change| | | | ----------------
| |from NOT PREFERRED | | | | | Control Word |
| | to PREFERRED? | | | | | Preferred? |
| --------------------- | | | ----------------
| Y | | N | | | N | Y |
| | Delete, and | | | | |
| | configure Send Send Send Send Send
| | new PW again C=1 C=0 C=0 C=0 C=1
| | | | | |
| ---------------------------- ----------------------------------
| |Send Label Release msg, | | If receive the same as sent, |
| |send Label Withdraw msg if| | PW setup is complete. If not: |
| |has sent Label Mapping msg| ----------------------------------
| ---------------------------- | | | |
| | ------------------- -----------
| ------------------- | Receive | | Receive |
| | Receive Label | | C=1 | | C=0 |
| | Release message | ------------------- -----------
| ------------------- | |
| | Wait for the Send
| ------------------- next message Wrong C-bit
| | Send Label | |
| | Request message | Send Label
| ------------------- Mapping message
| |
-------------
+-----------------------------------+
| Metering Process |
| +-----------+ Selected |
Observed | | Selection | Packet +-------+ | Stream of
Packet -->| Process |---------->| Cache |--> Flow Records or
Stream | +-----------+ Stream +-------+ | Packet Reports
+-----------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------+
| Metering Process |
| +-----------+ Selected |
Observed | | Selection | Packet |
Packet -->| Process |----------+ +-------+ |
Stream | +-----------+ Stream +->| | | Stream of
| ... | Cache |--> Flow Records or
| +-----------+ Selected +->| | | Packet Reports
Observed | | Selection | Packet | +-------+ |
Packet -->| Process |----------+ |
Stream | +-----------+ Stream |
+-------------------------------------+
+---+ 0..* +---+ +---+ 0..* 1 +---+
| A |<>------| B | | A |-------->| B |
+---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
(a) Aggregation (b) Unidirectional association
+---------------+
| RDNSS with | | Enterprise
+------+ | public + |----| Intranet
| | | enterprise's | |
| |===== VPN =======| private names | |
| | +---------------+ +----+
| MIF | | FW |
| node | +----+
| | +---------------+ |
| |----- WLAN ------| RDNSS with |----| Public
| | | public names | | Internet
| | +---------------+ +----+
| | | FW |
| | +---------------+ +----+
| |---- cellular ---| RDNSS with | |
+------+ | public + | | Operator
| operator's |----| Intranet
| private names | |
+---------------+
+--------------------| |
+------+ IPv6 | RDNSS A |------| IPv6
| |-- interface 1 --| saying Peer is | |
| | | at: 2001:0db8:0::1 | |
| MIF | +--------------------+ +------+
| node | | Peer |
| | +--------------------+ +------+
| | IPv6 | RDNSS B | |
| |-- interface 2 --| saying Peer is | |
+------+ | at: 2001:0db8:1::1 |------| IPv6
+--------------------+ |
+-------------------| +-------+
+------+ IPv6 | RDNSS A |----| NAT64 |
| |-- interface 1 --| saying Peer is | +-------+
| | | at: A_Pref96:IPv4 | |
| MIF | +-------------------+ | +------+
| node | IPv4 +---| Peer |
| | +-------------------+ | +------+
| | IPv6 | RDNSS B | |
| |-- interface 2 --| saying Peer is | +-------+
+------+ | at: B_Pref96:IPv4 |----| NAT64 |
+-------------------+ +-------+
Application Node DHCPv6 server DHCPv6 server
on interface 1 on interface 2
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(1) | | open | |
| | interface | |
| +-----------+ |
| | |
(2) | |---option REQ-->|
| |<--option RESP--|
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(3) | | store | |
| | domains | |
| +-----------+ |
| | |
| +-----------+ |
(4) | | open | |
| | interface | |
| +-----------+ |
| | | |
(5) | |---option REQ------------------->|
| |<--option RESP-------------------|
| | | |
| +----------+ | |
(6) | | store | | |
| | domains | | |
| +----------+ | |
| | | |
Application Node RDNSS RDNSS
on interface 1 on interface 2
| | | |
(1) |--Name REQ-->| | |
| | | |
| +----------------+ | |
(2) | | RDNSS | | |
| | prioritization | | |
| +----------------+ | |
| | | |
(3) | |------------DNS resolution------>|
| |<--------------------------------|
| | | |
(4) |<--Name resp-| | |
| | | |
+-----+ 6to4 Tunnel +--------+ +------+ IPv6 +----+
| CPE |-------------|6to4 BR |--| PT66 |--------- |Host|
+-----+ IPv4 +--------+ +------+ Provider +----+
Network Prefix
Unified or Separate
Functions/Platforms
| 6to4 IPv4 Path | Native IPv6 Path |
----------- ----------- -------------
/ IPv4 Net \ / IPv6 Net \ / IPv6 Internet \
+------+ +--------+ +-------+ +---------+
| CPE | PrefixA |6to4-PMT| PrefixB |Peering| |IPv6 HOST|
+------+ +--------+ +-------+ +---------+
\ / \ / \ /
---------- ------------ --------------
0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 Bits
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
2002 : 0C98 : 2C01 : 0000 : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| | | | | |
---- ---- | | | |
| | | | | |
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
2001 : 0db8 : 0c98 : 2c01 : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx : xxxx
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
| Client | | Relay | | Server |
+--------+ +-------+ +--------+
<----------> <---------->
peer connection A peer connection B
+------+ ---------> +------+ ---------> +------+
| | 1. Request | | 2. Request | |
| NAS | | DRL | | HMS |
| | 4. Answer | | 3. Answer | |
+------+ <--------- +------+ <--------- +------+
example.net example.net example.com
+------+ ---------> +------+ ---------> +------+
| | RADIUS Request | | Diameter Request | |
| NAS | | TLA | | HMS |
| | RADIUS Answer | | Diameter Answer | |
+------+ <--------- +------+ <--------- +------+
example.net example.net example.com
+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| rules |
|----+-----|
AVP Section | |MUST |
Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type |MUST| NOT |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Acct- 85 9.8.2 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Interim-Interval | | |
Accounting- 483 9.8.7 Enumerated | M | V |
Realtime-Required | | |
Acct- 50 9.8.5 UTF8String | M | V |
Multi-Session-Id | | |
Accounting- 485 9.8.3 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Record-Number | | |
Accounting- 480 9.8.1 Enumerated | M | V |
Record-Type | | |
Acct- 44 9.8.4 OctetString| M | V |
Session-Id | | |
Accounting- 287 9.8.6 Unsigned64 | M | V |
Sub-Session-Id | | |
Acct- 259 6.9 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
Auth- 258 6.8 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
Auth-Request- 274 8.7 Enumerated | M | V |
Type | | |
Authorization- 291 8.9 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Lifetime | | |
Auth-Grace- 276 8.10 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Period | | |
Auth-Session- 277 8.11 Enumerated | M | V |
State | | |
Re-Auth-Request- 285 8.12 Enumerated | M | V |
Type | | |
Class 25 8.20 OctetString| M | V |
Destination-Host 293 6.5 DiamIdent | M | V |
Destination- 283 6.6 DiamIdent | M | V |
Realm | | |
Disconnect-Cause 273 5.4.3 Enumerated | M | V |
Error-Message 281 7.3 UTF8String | | V,M |
Error-Reporting- 294 7.4 DiamIdent | | V,M |
Host | | |
Event-Timestamp 55 8.21 Time | M | V |
Experimental- 297 7.6 Grouped | M | V |
Result | | |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
+----------+
| AVP Flag |
| rules |
|----+-----|
AVP Section | |MUST |
Attribute Name Code Defined Data Type |MUST| NOT |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
Experimental- 298 7.7 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Result-Code | | |
Failed-AVP 279 7.5 Grouped | M | V |
Firmware- 267 5.3.4 Unsigned32 | | V,M |
Revision | | |
Host-IP-Address 257 5.3.5 Address | M | V |
Inband-Security | M | V |
-Id 299 6.10 Unsigned32 | | |
Multi-Round- 272 8.19 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Time-Out | | |
Origin-Host 264 6.3 DiamIdent | M | V |
Origin-Realm 296 6.4 DiamIdent | M | V |
Origin-State-Id 278 8.16 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Product-Name 269 5.3.7 UTF8String | | V,M |
Proxy-Host 280 6.7.3 DiamIdent | M | V |
Proxy-Info 284 6.7.2 Grouped | M | V |
Proxy-State 33 6.7.4 OctetString| M | V |
Redirect-Host 292 6.12 DiamURI | M | V |
Redirect-Host- 261 6.13 Enumerated | M | V |
Usage | | |
Redirect-Max- 262 6.14 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Cache-Time | | |
Result-Code 268 7.1 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Route-Record 282 6.7.1 DiamIdent | M | V |
Session-Id 263 8.8 UTF8String | M | V |
Session-Timeout 27 8.13 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Session-Binding 270 8.17 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Session-Server- 271 8.18 Enumerated | M | V |
Failover | | |
Supported- 265 5.3.6 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Vendor-Id | | |
Termination- 295 8.15 Enumerated | M | V |
Cause | | |
User-Name 1 8.14 UTF8String | M | V |
Vendor-Id 266 5.3.3 Unsigned32 | M | V |
Vendor-Specific- 260 6.11 Grouped | M | V |
Application-Id | | |
-----------------------------------------|----+-----|
+------------------+
| Diameter |
| Redirect Agent |
+------------------+
^ | 2. command + 'E' bit
1. Request | | Result-Code =
joe@example.com | | DIAMETER_REDIRECT_INDICATION +
| | Redirect-Host AVP(s)
| v
+-------------+ 3. Request +-------------+
| example.com |------------->| example.net |
| Relay | | Diameter |
| Agent |<-------------| Server |
+-------------+ 4. Answer +-------------+
(Origin-Host=nas.example.net) (Origin-Host=nas.example.net)
(Origin-Realm=example.net) (Origin-Realm=example.net)
(Destination-Realm=example.com) (Destination-Realm=example.com)
(Route-Record=nas.example.net)
+------+ ------> +------+ ------> +------+
| | (Request) | | (Request) | |
| NAS +-------------------+ DRL +-------------------+ HMS |
| | | | | |
+------+ <------ +------+ <------ +------+
example.net (Answer) example.net (Answer) example.com
(Origin-Host=hms.example.com) (Origin-Host=hms.example.com)
(Origin-Realm=example.com) (Origin-Realm=example.com)
1. Request +---------+ Link Broken
+-------------------------->|Diameter |----///----+
| +---------------------| | v
+------+--+ | 2. answer + 'E' set | Relay 2 | +--------+
|Diameter |<-+ (Unable to Forward) +---------+ |Diameter|
| | | Home |
| Relay 1 |--+ +---------+ | Server |
+---------+ | 3. Request |Diameter | +--------+
+-------------------->| | ^
| Relay 3 |-----------+
+---------+
+---------+ 1. Request +---------+ 2. Request +---------+
| Access |------------>|Diameter |------------>|Diameter |
| | | | | Home |
| Device |<------------| Relay |<------------| Server |
+---------+ 4. Answer +---------+ 3. Answer +---------+
(Missing AVP) (Missing AVP)
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Command Code |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Attribute Name |CER|CEA|DPR|DPA|DWR|DWA|RAR|RAA|ASR|ASA|STR|STA|
--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
Acct-Interim- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Interval | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounting-Realtime-|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Required | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acct-Application-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Application-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |
Auth-Grace-Period |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Request-Type |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Auth-Session-State |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Authorization- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Lifetime | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Class |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0+ |
Destination-Host |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |0-1|0 |
Destination-Realm |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |
Disconnect-Cause |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Error-Message |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Error-Reporting-Host|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Failed-AVP |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Firmware-Revision |0-1|0-1|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Host-IP-Address |1+ |1+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Inband-Security-Id |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Multi-Round-Time-Out|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Origin-Host |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Origin-Realm |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Origin-State-Id |0-1|0-1|0 |0 |0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|
Product-Name |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Proxy-Info |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |0+ |
Redirect-Host |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |
Redirect-Host-Usage |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Redirect-Max-Cache- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0 |0-1|0 |0-1|
Time | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Result-Code |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |1 |
Re-Auth-Request-Type|0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Route-Record |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |0+ |0 |
Session-Binding |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Session-Id |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |
Session-Server- |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Failover | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Session-Timeout |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Supported-Vendor-Id |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Termination-Cause |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |
User-Name |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|0-1|
Vendor-Id |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Vendor-Specific- |0+ |0+ |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |
Application-Id | | | | | | | | | | | | |
--------------------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+-----------+
| Command |
| Code |
+-----+-----+
Attribute Name | ACR | ACA |
------------------------------+-----+-----+
Acct-Interim-Interval | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Multi-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Record-Number | 1 | 1 |
Accounting-Record-Type | 1 | 1 |
Acct-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Sub-Session-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Accounting-Realtime-Required | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Acct-Application-Id | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Auth-Application-Id | 0 | 0 |
Class | 0+ | 0+ |
Destination-Host | 0-1 | 0 |
Destination-Realm | 1 | 0 |
Error-Reporting-Host | 0 | 0+ |
Event-Timestamp | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Failed-AVP | 0 | 0-1 |
Origin-Host | 1 | 1 |
Origin-Realm | 1 | 1 |
Proxy-Info | 0+ | 0+ |
Route-Record | 0+ | 0 |
Result-Code | 0 | 1 |
Session-Id | 1 | 1 |
Termination-Cause | 0 | 0 |
User-Name | 0-1 | 0-1 |
Vendor-Specific-Application-Id| 0-1 | 0-1 |
------------------------------+-----+-----+
+---------+
| |
| AAA |
| |
+---------+
|
|
|
|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
| IPv4 |----| |----| NAT- |----| IPv4 |
| Host | | NAS | | device | | Internet |
| | | | | | | |
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
+---------+
| |
| AAA |
| |
+---------+
|
|
|
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
| | | (C) | | | | |
| Host |----| NAS |----| NAT- |----| IPv4 |
| | | | | device | | Internet |
+--------+ +---------+ +--------+ +----------+
+---------+
| (C) |
| AAA |---------
| | |
+---------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+--------+ +---------+ +---------+ +----------+
| IPv4/ | | | | | | IPv4 |
| IPv6 |----| NAS |----| NAT- |----| Internet |
| Host | | | | device | | |
+--------+ +---------+ +---------+ +----------+
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
Trigger |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| If able to comply
| with request, then
| create session state
| |
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
Change of session |
attributes |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| If able to comply
| with the request:
| update session state
| |
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| |
DNCA Session Established |
| |
| NCR |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Look up corresponding session
| and associated NAT-bindings
| |
| NCA |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
Trigger |
| |
| STR |
|------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Send accounting stop |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| reporting all session bindings |
| |
| |
| Remove NAT-bindings
| of session
| |
| Terminate session /
| Remove session state
| |
| |
| |
| STA |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
NAT controller (DNCA Diameter peer) NAT device (DNCA Diameter peer)
| |
| |
| Trigger
| |
| ASR |
|<-------------------------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
| ASA |
|------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |
| On successful ASA |
|<------Session Termination Procedure------->|
endpoint NAT controller (within NAS) NAT device
| | |
| | |
| 1. Trigger | |
|--------------------------->| |
| +-------------------------------------+ |
| | 2. Determine that NAT control | |
| | is required for the endpoint | |
| +-------------------------------------+ |
| | |
| | |
| ...................................
| .| 3. Diameter Base CER/CEA |.
| .|<----------------------------->|.
| ...................................
| | |
| | |
| | 4. NCR |
| |------------------------------>|
| | |
| | 5. DNCA session
| | established
| | |
| | 6. NCA |
| |<------------------------------|
| | |
| | |
| 7. Data traffic |
|----------------------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | |
| | 8. NAT-bindings
| | created as per
| | directives in the
| | DNCA session
| | |
NAT controller NAT device
| |
| |
+--------------+ |
| 1. Trigger | |
+--------------+ |
| |
| |
| 2. STR |
|-------------------------------------->|
| |
| 3. DNCA session
| lookup
| 4. ACR |
|<--------------------------------------|
| |
| 5. ACA |
|-------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| 6. DNCA bindings
| and session cleanup
| |
| 7. STA |
|<--------------------------------------|
| |
+--------+
|Diameter|
|Server |
+--------+
^
Back-End | IKEv2 Server<->HAAA Server
Support | Interaction
Protocol | (this document)
v
+---------+ +---------------+
| IKEv2 | Front-End Protocol |IKEv2 Server/ |
| Peer |<-------------------->|Diameter Client|
+---------+ IKEv2 +---------------+
+---LoST-Sync-->\\ //<--LoST-Sync----+
| ----- |
| |
\/ \/
----- -----
// \\ // \\
/ \ / \
| Forest | | Forest |
| Guide | | Guide |
| Austria | | Finland
\ / \ /
+--------->\\ //<--------+ \\ //
| ----- | -----
| /\ | |
LoST | LoST //------\\
Sync LoST Sync |Co-Located|
| Sync | | LoST |
\/ | \/ | Server |
//----\\ \/ //----\\ \\------//
| LoST | //----\\ | LoST |
| Server | | LoST | | Server |
| 'East' | | Server | |'Vienna'|
\\----// | 'West' | \\----//
\\----//
+---------+ +---------+
| Node B | | Node A |
| acting | | acting |
| as | | as |
| LoST | | LoST |
| Sync | | Sync |
| Dest. | | Source |
+---------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| <getMappingsRequest> |
|----------------------------->|
| |
| <getMappingsResponse> |
|<-----------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
+---------+ +---------+
| Node A | | Node B |
| acting | | acting |
| as | | as |
| LoST | | LoST |
| Sync | | Sync |
| Source | | Dest. |
+---------+ +---------+
| |
| |
| |
| <pushMappingsRequest> |
|----------------------------->|
| |
| <pushMappingsResponse> |
|<-----------------------------|
| |
| |
| |
site . . . . +----+
network . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ link1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. D . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | +------. .
. . . . +------+ link2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .----+ SBR | . Internet .
. . | | . .
. H . | +------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +-------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . ^ . .
. . | CP . Internet .
. . v . .
. . +-------+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network A . .
. . . . +-------+ L_A . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. H(1) . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . . . . . . .
. H(2) . . Internet .
. . . . . . . .
. . +-------+ L_B . .
. H(3) . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
site . .
network B . . . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | ra1+------. .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+-- . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
Figure 6.2a: ILNP Mobile Network before Handover
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | ra1+------. . . . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . . . . .
. .
. . .
ISP_2
Figure 6.2b: ILNP Mobile Network during Handover
site ISP_2
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . | ra1+-- . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
Figure 6.2c: ILNP Mobile Network after Handover
/* IPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| IPv6 Unicast Routing Prefix | Interface Identifier |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
| Locator | Node Identifier (NID) |
+-------------------------------------+-------------------------+
/* IPv6 */
| 3 | 45 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
|001|global routing prefix| subnet ID | Interface Identifier |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| Locator (L64) | Node Identifier (NID) |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* IPv6 */
| 3 | 45 bits | 16 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
|001|global routing prefix| subnet ID | Interface Identifier |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
/* ILNPv6 */
| 64 bits | 64 bits |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
| Locator (L64) | Node Identifier (NID) |
+---+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------+
+<-------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss -->+
24 bits 8 bits
+------------------------+----------+
| Locator (L32) |
+------------------------+----------+
+<------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss ->+
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
24 bits 8 bits
+------------------------+----------+
| Locator (L32) |
+------------------------+----------+
+<------- L_pp --------->+<- L_ss ->+
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | sbr1+------. .
. .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. H . | | . .
. . | sbr2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . .
network . .
. . . . +-------+ L_1 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_A | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . +-------+ . .
. . ^ . .
. . | CP . Internet .
. . v . .
. . +-------+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. . | | . .
. .---+ SBR_B | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +-------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . L_L | ra1+------. .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+-- . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . .
site ISP_1
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . L_L | ra1+------. . . . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . . . . .
. .
. . .
ISP_2
site ISP_2
network SBR . . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. . L_L | ra1+-- . .
. .----+ | . .
. H . | ra2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. . .
site . . . .
network SBR . .
. . . . +------+ L_1 . .
. . | sbr1+------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. H3 .----+ | . Internet .
. . | | . .
. H1 . | sbr2+------. .
. . . . +------+ L_2 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L1,L2 . . +----+
. . | sbr1+--------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. H3 .----+ sbr2+--------. Internet .
. . | | L3,L4 . .
. . | | . .
. H1 . | sbr3+--------. .
. . . . +------+ L5,L6 . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network SBR . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. H2 .L_L | | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. V*H1 . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
. .
. . . .
site . . . . +----+
network 1 SBR1 . .-----+ CN |
. . . . +------+ L_1 . . +----+
. . | +------. .
. .L_L1| | . .
. .----+ | . Internet .
. V*H1 . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +---+--+ . .
: . .
: . .
. . . . +---+--+ L_2 . .
. . | +------. .
. H2 .L_L2| | . .
. .----+ | . .
. . | | . .
. . | | . .
. . . . +------+ . .
site SBR2 . .
network 2 . . . .
v
|
+--+--+
| | src=[I_H, L_1], L_X --- (7b)
| LRR | dst=[I_H, L_X], L_1 --- (7c)
| |
+--+--+
|
v
<UDP: I_H, I_CN, P_H, P_CN><ILNP: L_X, L_CN> --- (7d)
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)- Authorization Request ->| Resource |
| | | Owner |
| |<-(B)-- Authorization Grant ---| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(C)-- Authorization Grant -->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<-(D)----- Access Token -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(E)----- Access Token ------>| Resource |
| | | Server |
| |<-(F)--- Protected Resource ---| |
+--------+ +---------------+
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)------- Authorization Grant --------->| |
| | | |
| |<-(B)----------- Access Token -------------| |
| | & Refresh Token | |
| | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| |--(C)---- Access Token ---->| | | |
| | | | | |
| |<-(D)- Protected Resource --| Resource | | Authorization |
| Client | | Server | | Server |
| |--(E)---- Access Token ---->| | | |
| | | | | |
| |<-(F)- Invalid Token Error -| | | |
| | +----------+ | |
| | | |
| |--(G)----------- Refresh Token ----------->| |
| | | |
| |<-(H)----------- Access Token -------------| |
+--------+ & Optional Refresh Token +---------------+
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
^
|
(B)
+----|-----+ Client Identifier +---------------+
| -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI ---->| |
| User- | | Authorization |
| Agent -+----(B)-- User authenticates --->| Server |
| | | |
| -+----(C)-- Authorization Code ---<| |
+-|----|---+ +---------------+
| | ^ v
(A) (C) | |
| | | |
^ v | |
+---------+ | |
| |>---(D)-- Authorization Code ---------' |
| Client | & Redirection URI |
| | |
| |<---(E)----- Access Token -------------------'
+---------+ (w/ Optional Refresh Token)
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
^
|
(B)
+----|-----+ Client Identifier +---------------+
| -+----(A)-- & Redirection URI --->| |
| User- | | Authorization |
| Agent -|----(B)-- User authenticates -->| Server |
| | | |
| |<---(C)--- Redirection URI ----<| |
| | with Access Token +---------------+
| | in Fragment
| | +---------------+
| |----(D)--- Redirection URI ---->| Web-Hosted |
| | without Fragment | Client |
| | | Resource |
| (F) |<---(E)------- Script ---------<| |
| | +---------------+
+-|--------+
| |
(A) (G) Access Token
| |
^ v
+---------+
| |
| Client |
| |
+---------+
+----------+
| Resource |
| Owner |
| |
+----------+
v
| Resource Owner
(A) Password Credentials
|
v
+---------+ +---------------+
| |>--(B)---- Resource Owner ------->| |
| | Password Credentials | Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<--(C)---- Access Token ---------<| |
| | (w/ Optional Refresh Token) | |
+---------+ +---------------+
+---------+ +---------------+
| | | |
| |>--(A)- Client Authentication --->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<--(B)---- Access Token ---------<| |
| | | |
+---------+ +---------------+
+--------+ +---------------+
| |--(A)- Authorization Request ->| Resource |
| | | Owner |
| |<-(B)-- Authorization Grant ---| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(C)-- Authorization Grant -->| Authorization |
| Client | | Server |
| |<-(D)----- Access Token -------| |
| | +---------------+
| |
| | +---------------+
| |--(E)----- Access Token ------>| Resource |
| | | Server |
| |<-(F)--- Protected Resource ---| |
+--------+ +---------------+
(A) GLOBAL IPv4 ISP NETWORK
+------------------+
6a44 customer network(s) |GLOBAL IPv4 | Upstream
+-----------+ ---| MTU >= 1308 +--- IPv4 network
---| Private | | ingress filtering| (<== no route
+----+ | IPv4 +-----+ | IPv6 optional | to 6a44 relays)
| |-----| |NAT44|----+ |
+----+ | +-----+ | +-------------+
6a44 ---|MTU >= 1308| | --+6a44 relay(s)|--- Upstream
client(s) | no | ---| +-------------+ IPv6 network
|native IPv6| | |
+-----------+ +------------------+
(B) PRIVATE IPv4 ISP NETWORK
+------------------+
|PRIVATE IPv4 |
| as above |
---| |
| +--------------+
| --+ ISP NAT44(s) |--- Upstream
as above ----+ +--------------+ IPv4 network
| |
| +--------------+
---| --+6a44 relay(s) |--- Upstream
| +--------------+ IPv6 network
| |
+------------------+
Customer network ISP network
+--------------+ +------------------+
Client |IPv4 CPE |IPv4 |
+----+ | +-----+ | +----------+
| ^ |-----| |NAT44|----+ |6a44 relay|---- IPv6
+-|-^+ | +-----+ | +----------+^
| | | ^ | ^ | ^ | |
| | +----------|---+ | +---------|--------+ |
| | | ^ | | |
| | >0/0| | |N/32< | |
| | | | |
| | Mapping | |
| | <a:w>-<N:Z> (*) | |
| | | |
| |A:W< >B:W| |
| |
IPv6 |C.N.Z.A/128< |C/48<
|0 47|48 79|80 95|96 127|
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 6a44-network | Customer-site |Tunnel | 6a44-client |
| IPv6 prefix | IPv4 address |mapped | local IPv4 |
| (C) | (N) |port(Z)| address (A) |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
6a44-client
<-- UDP/IPv4 address -->
<------------ 6a44-client IPv6 prefix --------->
<---------------- 6a44-client IPv6 address --------------------->
Octets: |0 |20 |28 |68 |
+----------+---+-------------------+-------//-----+
| IPv4 |UDP| IPv6 header | IPv6 payload |
+----------+---+-------------------+-------//-----+
Octets: |0 |20 |60 |
+----------+-------------------+-------//-----+
| IPv4 | IPv6 header | IPv6 payload |
+----------+-------------------+-------//-----+
"6a44-client IPv6 prefix" field
. from a 6a44 client = 0 (also denoted by ::/96)
. from a 6a44 relay = 6a44-client IPv6 prefix
|
Octets: |0 |20 |28| |40 |48
+----------+---+--|-+---+
| IPv4 |UDP| . | . |
+----------+---+----+-|-+
|
"Bubble ID" field
. from a 6a44 client: a client-selected value
. from a 6a44 relay:
- in a response bubble, copy of the received Bubble ID
- in an error-signaling bubble, 0
Initialization
________v________
/ \
| "6a44 disabled" |------------<-----------------+
\_________________/ ^
v no v6-add AND v4-add ^
+--------->--------------v ^
^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ | Reset the Attempt count | ^
^ | Renew the Bubble ID | ^
^ +--------------+--------------+ ^
^ +----->-------------v ^
^ ^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ ^ | Send a bubble | ^
^ ^ +--------------v--------------+ ^
^ ^ ________v________ ^
^ ^ Timer T1 / \ 4 attempts without answer ^
^ +----<-----| "Bubble sent" |-------->----------------+ ^
^ (1 to 1.5 s)\_________________/ v ^
^ v \ v6-add OR no v4-add v ^
^ Bubble received v +-----------------------------+
^ v-----------------<-----------+ v ^
^ _________v_________ ^ v ^
^ Timer T2 / \Bubble received ^ v ^
+----------<---| "Bubble received" |-------->----------+ v ^
^ (30 s - 4*T1)\___________________/ v ^
^ \ v6-add OR no v4-add v ^
^ +------->--------------------+
^ v ^
^ +----------------------------------+ ^
^ _______v________ ^
^ Timer T3 / \ v6-add OR no v4-add ^
+-----------<----| "No 6a44 relay" |----->-----------------------+
(30 min) \_________________/
(IPv4, A, B, UDP[W, W, ::/96, <current Bubble ID>])
|
+-------+--------+ |
| | 6a44 | |
| | client +------>---------- >B:W
| |function|A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, <C.N.Z.A>, <C.N..E>,...]
|
| (IPv4, A, A2, IP-in-IP[encapsulated packet])
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| -->--+ client +------>------ >A2
| IPv6 |function|<A IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, <C.N.Z.A>, X != <C.N...>, ...]
|
| (IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [encapsulated packet])
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| -->--+ client +------>---------- >B:W
| IPv6 |function|A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [<C.N.Z>, <current Bubble ID>])
|
+-------+--------+ |
| | 6a44 | |
| | client +------<---------- <B:W
| | |A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(updates C.N.Z)
(IPv4, E, A, IP-in-IP, [IPv6, <C.N..A2>, <C.N.Z.A>, ...])
|
[decapsulated packet] |
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| --<--+ client +------<------ <A2
| IPv6 | |A< IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
(IPv4, B, A, UDP(W, W, [IPv6, X, <C.N.Z.A>,...])
|
[decapsulated packet] |
| |
+----|--+--------+ |
| | | 6a44 | |
| --<--+ client +------<---------- <B:W
| IPv6 | |A:W< UDP/IPv4
+-------+--------+
Host
[IPv6, (X != <C...> AND != <Teredo(IPv4=B)>), <C.<N != B>.Z...>,...]
|
(IPv4, B, N, UDP(W, Z, |
[encapsulated packet])) |
| |
| +--------+ |
| >B:W | 6a44 |C/48< |
N:Z< ---<--------| relay |-------<---- C.N.Z...<
IPv4 | | IPv6
+--------+
(IPv4, N, B, UDP(Z, W, [::/96, Bubble ID]))
|
IPv4 | +--------+
------->----| |
>B:W| 6a44 |
| relay |
N:Z< -------<----| |
IPv4 | +--------+
|
|
(IPv4, B, N, UDP(W, Z, [<C.N.Z>, Bubble ID]))
(IPv4, N1, B, UDP(Z1, W, [IPv6, <C.N1.Z1...>, <C.N2.Z2...>, ...]))
|
IPv4 | +--------+
------->----| |
>B:W| 6a44 |
| relay |
| |
N2.Z2< -------<----| |
IPv4 | +--------+
| 6a44 relay
|
(IPv4, B, N2, UDP(W, Z2, [encapsulated packet]))
(IPv4, N, B, UDP(Z, W, [IPv6, <C.N.Z...>,
| (X != <C...> AND != <Teredo(IPv4=B)), ...]))
|
| [decapsulated packet]
| |
| +--------+ |
| B:W>| 6a44 | |
>B:W --->----------| relay |------->---- >
IPv4 | | IPv6
+--------+
198.51.100.8/30
198.51.100.4/30
10.1.1.0/30 10.1.1.4/30 198.51.100.0/30
.9 .10
.1 .2 .5 .6 ------------ .6 .5 .2 .1
R1-----------R2-----------R3--| |--R4----------R5----------R6
+---------+--------+ Location +-----------+
| | | Dereference | Location |
| LIS - LS +---------------+ Recipient |
| | | Protocol | |
+----+----+--------+ (3) +-----+-----+
| `. |
| Policy `. |
Location | Exchange `. |
Configuration | (*) | |
Protocol | +----+----+ |
(1) | | Rule | Location |
| | Maker | Conveyance |
+-----+----+ +---------+ Protocol |
| | (2) |
| Target +------------------------------+
| |
+----------+
An example scenario envisioned by this document is shown in Figure 3.
This diagram shows how a location dereference protocol fits with
location configuration and conveyance. [RFC5808] contains more
information on this scenario and others like it.
+-------------+
+------------+ | Location | +-----------+
| End Device | | Information | | Location |
| (Target) | | Server | | Recipient |
+-----+------+ +------+------+ +-----+-----+
| | |
.- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -. |
: | locationRequest | : |
. |----(for location URI)-->| . |
: | | : Location |
. | locationResponse | . Configuration |
: |<-----(location URI)-----| : |
. | | . |
`- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -' |
| | |
| Location Conveyance |
|~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~(location URI)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~>|
| | |
| .- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -.
| : | locationRequest | :
| . |<------(for civic)-------| .
| Dereferencing : | | :
| . | locationResponse | .
| : |--------(PIDF-LO)------->| :
| . | | .
| `- + - - - - - - - - - - - - + -'
| | |
+===============================================+
| 0 | Reserved |
+===+===========================================+
| 1 | Operator-Identifier as a variable-length |
| | Private Enterprise Number (PEN) |
+===+===========================================+
| 2 | Realm of the Operator |
+===+===========================================+
------------------ ------
| 0x03 | o | r | g | | 0x00 | length = 4
------------------ ------
----------------------------------------- ------
| 0x04 | i | e | t | f | 0x03 | o | r | g | | 0x00 | length = 9
----------------------------------------- ------
.-----------------------------. -
| GBS | ^ 1 ifEntry
| (TPS-TC) | v ifType: g9981(263), g9982(264),
+-----------------+---+-------+ - g9983(265), etc.
| TPS-TC \ | | | ^
+---------\ | | | | N ifEntry (N=1..32)
| PMS-TC )BCE 1 |...| BCE N | ) ifType: adsl(94), shdsl(169),
+---------/ | | | | vdsl(97), vdsl2(251),
| PMD / | | | v etc.
'-----------------+---+-------' -
+------------------------------------------+
| Autonomous System | +----+
| | |EP1 |
| /---+---| |
| To ----\ +----+ +----+ / | +----+
| Other \|FIR1|----------|FSR1|/ |
|Routers /| | | |\ |
| ----/ +----+ +----+ \ | +----+
| \---+---|EP2 |
| | | |
| | +----+
+------------------------------------------+
+-------+ +-------+
| CSP-1 | | CSP-2 |
+-------+ +-------+
| |
,--,--,--./ ,--,--,--.
,-' `-. ,-' `-.
(CDN Provider 'A')=====(CDN Provider 'B')
`-. (CDN-A) ,-' `-. (CDN-B) ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
|
+----------+
| End User |
+----------+
=== CDN Interconnection
+-------+
|Content|
+-------+
|
,--,--,--. ,--,--,--.
,-' ISP A `-. ,-' ISP B `-.
( (CDN-A) )=====( (CDN-B) )
`-. ,-' `-. ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
| |
+------------+ +---------------+
+ EU A (home)| | EU A (nomadic)|
+------------+ +---------------+
=== CDN Interconnection
+------------+
| TV Channel |
+------------+
| \
,-,--,-. \ ,-,--,-. ,-,--,-.
,' `. ,' `. ,' CDN-C `.
( CDN-A ) ( CDN-B )==( offload )
`. ,' `. ,' `. ,'
`-'--'-' `-'--'-' `-'--'-'
For this purpose, the algorithm described in Section 6.5.2 uses a
grid that ensures the same location information is reported while the
Target remains in the same geographical area.
,-----.
,----,-'. `-.
,-' / `-. \
,' / _...._ `. \
/ ,-'......`._\ :
; /|...........\: |
| / :.....x......+ ;
: | \...........;| /
\ | \........./ | /
`. \ `-.....,' ,''
'-.\ `-----'|
``.-----' ,'
`._ _,'
`'''
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | min | max | | |
// | lat | lat | Examples | o |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | Tropics and subtropics | |
// | -45 | 45 | Africa | 0 |
// | | | Australia | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | Continental US | |
// | 25 | 50 | Mediterranean | 25 |
// | | | most of China | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 35 | 55 | Southern and Central | 35 |
// | | | Europe | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 45 | 60 | Central and Northern | 45 |
// | | | Europe | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 55 | 65 | most of Scandinavia | 55 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | 60 | 70 | | 60 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | most of | |
// | -50 | -25 | Chile and Argentina | -50 |
// | | | New Zealand | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -35 | -55 | | -35 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -45 | -60 | | -45 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -55 | -65 | | -55 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
// | | | | |
// | -60 | -70 | | -60 |
// | | | | |
// +------+------+--------------------------+-------+
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| *** |
| |
| |
| |
| RR1 *** RR2 |
| *** * * *** |
|* * * P * * *|
|* * * * * *|
| *** *** *** |
| |
| IBGP |
| |
| |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
EBGP
Figure 1: Simple route reflection
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| *** |
| |
| RR1 RR2 |
| *** *** |
|* * *** * *|
|* * * * * *|
| *** * P * *** |
|* * * * * *|
|* * *** * *|
| *** *** |
| RR1' IBGP RR2'|
| |
| |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
ASBR3
***
* *
+------------* *-----------+
| AS1 * * |
| IBGP *** |
| |
| *** |
| * * |
| RR1 * P * RR2 |
| *** * * *** |
|* * *** * *|
|* * * *|
| *** RR' *** |
| *** |
| * * |
| * * |
| *** |
| *** *** |
| * * * * |
+-----* *---------* *----+
* * * *
*** ***
ASBR1 ASBR2
---------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DNSKEY DS change DNSKEY removal
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -----------------------------> SOA_1 ------------------------>
RRSIG_par(SOA) --------------------> RRSIG_par(SOA) --------------->
DS_K_1 ----------------------------> DS_K_2 ----------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS) ---------------------> RRSIG_par(DS) ---------------->
Child:
SOA_0 SOA_1 -----------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
DNSKEY_K_1 DNSKEY_K_1 ------------------>
DNSKEY_K_2 ------------------> DNSKEY_K_2
DNSKEY_Z_10 DNSKEY_Z_10 -----------------> DNSKEY_Z_10
RRSIG_K_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_1 (DNSKEY) ---------->
RRSIG_K_2 (DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DS new DNSKEY DS removal
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 SOA_1 ------------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_par(SOA) RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------> RRSIG_par(SOA)
DS_K_1 DS_K_1 ----------------------->
DS_K_2 -----------------------> DS_K_2
RRSIG_par(DS) RRSIG_par(DS) ----------------> RRSIG_par(DS)
Child:
SOA_0 -----------------------> SOA_1 ---------------------------->
RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA) ------------------>
DNSKEY_K_1 ------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 ----------------------->
DNSKEY_Z_10 -----------------> DNSKEY_Z_10 ---------------------->
RRSIG_K_1 (DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_K_2 (DNSKEY) --------------->
--------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DNSKEY DS change DNSKEY removal
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 --------------------------> SOA_1 ---------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) -----------------> RRSIG_par(SOA) ------------->
DS_S_1 -------------------------> DS_S_2 --------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) --------------> RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ---------->
Child:
SOA_0 SOA_1 ----------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_S_1(SOA) RRSIG_S_1(SOA) ------------->
RRSIG_S_2(SOA) -------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
DNSKEY_S_1 DNSKEY_S_1 ----------------->
DNSKEY_S_2 -----------------> DNSKEY_S_2
RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) ---------->
RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) ----------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
initial new DS new RRSIG DS removal
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 SOA_1 -------------------------> SOA_2
RRSIG_par(SOA) RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------> RRSIG_par(SOA)
DS_S_1 DS_S_1 ------------------------>
DS_S_2 ------------------------> DS_S_2
RRSIG_par(DS) RRSIG_par(DS) -----------------> RRSIG_par(DS)
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_K_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_K_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS DNSKEY removal RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_K_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_K_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_11(SOA) RRSIG_Z_11(SOA)
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 DNSKEY_K_2
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_11 DNSKEY_Z_11
------------------->
-------------------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
revoke DNSKEY
---------------------------------
Parent:
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
----------------------------->
Inception Signing Expiration
time time time
| | | | |
|------------------|---------------------------------|.....|.....|
| | | | |
+/-jitter
| Inception offset | |
|<---------------->| Validity Period |
| |<---------------------------------------->|
Inception Signing Reuse Reuse Reuse New Expiration
time time RRSIG time
| | | | | | |
|------------------|-------------------------------|-------|
| | | | | | |
<-----> <-----> <-----> <----->
Re-Sign Period
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_S_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS DNSKEY removal RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_S_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA) RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_2 DNSKEY_S_2
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_K_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_K_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS revoke DNSKEY DNSKEY removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_K_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_K_2) ------------------------------------------->
Child:
-------------------> SOA_3 SOA_4
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_1(SOA) RRSIG_Z_1(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_2(SOA) RRSIG_Z_2(SOA)
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_1_REVOKED
-------------------> DNSKEY_K_2 DNSKEY_K_2
------------------->
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_2 DNSKEY_Z_2
-------------------> RRSIG_K_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_K_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
initial new RRSIGs new DNSKEY
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_0 -------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ----------------------------------------------->
DS_S_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(DS_S_1) -------------------------------------------->
----------------------------------------------------------------
new DS revoke DNSKEY DNSKEY removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
SOA_1 ------------------------------------------------------->
RRSIG_par(SOA) ---------------------------------------------->
DS_S_2 ------------------------------------------------------>
RRSIG_par(DS_S_2) ------------------------------------------->
-------------------> RRSIG_Z_10(SOA)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(SOA) RRSIG_S_2(SOA)
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_1_REVOKED
-------------------> DNSKEY_Z_10
-------------------> DNSKEY_S_2 DNSKEY_S_2
-------------------> RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_1(DNSKEY)
-------------------> RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY) RRSIG_S_2(DNSKEY)
----------------------------------------------------------------
RRSIGs removal
----------------------------------------------------------------
Parent:
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
------------------------------------->
+--------+ -----
| | / \
Encap IPv6 Flow | 6rd | | IPv6 |
- - -> | Relay | <- > | Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| 6rd + <----- -----
| | / \
| Client | IPv4 Flow | IPv4 |
| + < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -> | Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
+---------+ IPv4 Encapsulation +------------+
| +- - - - - - - - - - - + |
| 6rd +----------------------+ 6rd +------------
| | IPv6 Packet | Relay | IPv6 Packet
| Client +----------------------+ +------------
| +- - - - - - - - - - - + | ^
+---------+ ^ +------------+ |
| |
| |
IPv4 (Tools/Mgmt) IPv6 Flow Analysis
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv4 Flow | CGN | | |
- - -> + + < -> | |
+---------+ / | | | |
| CPE | <- - - / +--------+ | IPv4 |
|---------+ | Net |
| |
+---------+ IPv4 Flow | |
| CPE | <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | |
|---------+ \ /
-----
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv4 Flow | CGN | | IPv4 |
- - -> + + < -> | Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | <- - - / +--------+ -------
| Dual |
| Stack | -----
| CPE | IPv6 Flow / IPv6 \
| | <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | Net |
|---------+ \ /
-----
The operator can also move Dual Stack endpoints to DS-Lite
retroactively to help optimize the IPv4 address-sharing deployment by
removing the IPv4 address assignment and routing component. To
minimize traffic needing translation, the operator should have
already moved most content to IPv6 before the IPv6-only phase is
implemented.
+--------+ -----
| | / \
Encap IPv4 Flow | AFTR | | IPv4 |
-------+ +---+ Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| DS-Lite +------- -----
| | / \
| Client | IPv6 Flow | IPv6 |
| +-------------------------------| Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
+---------+ IPv6 Encapsulation +------------+
| + - - - - - - - - - - -+ |
| AFTR +----------------------+ AFTR +------------
| | IPv4 Packet | | IPv4 Packet
| Client +----------------------+ +------------
| + - - - - - - - - - - -+ | ^
+---------+ ^ ^ +------------+ |
| | |
| | |
IPv6 (Tools/Mgmt) | IPv4 Packet Flow Analysis
|
Midstream IPv4 Packet Flow Analysis (Encapsulation Aware)
+--------+ -----
| | / \
IPv6 Flow | NAT64 | | IPv4 |
-------+ DNS64 +---+ Net |
+---------+ / | | \ /
| | / +--------+ -----
| IPv6 +------- -----
| | / \
| Only | IPv6 Flow | IPv6 |
| +-------------------------------| Net |
| | \ /
+---------+ -----
No Resp. or
+------------+ DNS Info. +-----------+ No Resp.
Start --> | Ask DHCP(1)| ---------> | Ask DNS(3)| ------>
+------------+ +-----------+ Terminate(4)
/ \ \
Only KRB / \ DNS and \ KRB Info.
Info. / \ KRB Info. \
/ \ \
| | |
| V |
V No Ans. +-----------+ KRB Info. V
Use Info. <-------- | Ask DNS(6)| ---------> Use Info.
from DHCP +-----------+ from DNS
(2), (7) (5), (8)
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
AUTH | N |
EAP-Payload | X |
Integrity-Algorithm | N |
Key-Id | N |
Nonce | N |
PRF-Algorithm | N |
Result-Code | N |
Session-Lifetime | X |
Termination-Cause | X |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
PaC-Information | N |
Relayed-Message | N |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
Encryption-Algorithm | N |
Encryption-Encap | N |
----------------------+---+
Attribute Name |Enc|
----------------------+---+
Example-AVP | Y |
----------------------+---+
MRCPv2 client MRCPv2 Media Resource Server
|--------------------| |------------------------------------|
||------------------|| ||----------------------------------||
|| Application Layer|| ||Synthesis|Recognition|Verification||
||------------------|| || Engine | Engine | Engine ||
||Media Resource API|| || || | || | || ||
||------------------|| ||Synthesis|Recognizer | Verifier ||
|| SIP | MRCPv2 || ||Resource | Resource | Resource ||
||Stack | || || Media Resource Management ||
|| | || ||----------------------------------||
||------------------|| || SIP | MRCPv2 ||
|| TCP/IP Stack ||---MRCPv2---|| Stack | ||
|| || ||----------------------------------||
||------------------||----SIP-----|| TCP/IP Stack ||
|--------------------| || ||
| ||----------------------------------||
SIP |------------------------------------|
| /
|-------------------| RTP
| | /
| Media Source/Sink |------------/
| |
|-------------------|
Idle Speaking Paused
State State State
| | |
|----------SPEAK-------->| |--------|
|<------STOP-------------| CONTROL |
|<----SPEAK-COMPLETE-----| |------->|
|<----BARGE-IN-OCCURRED--| |
| |---------| |
| CONTROL |-----------PAUSE--------->|
| |-------->|<----------RESUME---------|
| | |----------|
|----------| | PAUSE |
| BARGE-IN-OCCURRED | |--------->|
|<---------| |----------| |
| | SPEECH-MARKER |
| |<---------| |
|----------| |----------| |
| STOP | RESUME |
| | |<---------| |
|<---------| | |
|<---------------------STOP-------------------------|
|----------| | |
| DEFINE-LEXICON | |
| | | |
|<---------| | |
|<---------------BARGE-IN-OCCURRED------------------|
Idle Recognizing Recognized
State State State
| | |
|---------RECOGNIZE---->|---RECOGNITION-COMPLETE-->|
|<------STOP------------|<-----RECOGNIZE-----------|
| | |
| |--------| |-----------|
| START-OF-INPUT | GET-RESULT |
| |------->| |---------->|
|------------| | |
| DEFINE-GRAMMAR |----------| |
|<-----------| | START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| |<---------| |
|------| | |
| INTERPRET | |
|<-----| |------| |
| | RECOGNIZE |
|-------| |<-----| |
| STOP |
|<------| |
|<-------------------STOP--------------------------|
|<-------------------DEFINE-GRAMMAR----------------|
Idle Recording
State State
| |
|---------RECORD------->|
| |
|<------STOP------------|
| |
|<--RECORD-COMPLETE-----|
| |
| |--------|
| START-OF-INPUT |
| |------->|
| |
| |--------|
| START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| |------->|
| |
Idle Session Opened Verifying/Training
State State State
| | |
|--START-SESSION--->| |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | START-SESSION |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|<--END-SESSION-----| |
| | |
| |---------VERIFY--------->|
| | |
| |---VERIFY-FROM-BUFFER--->|
| | |
| |----------| |
| | VERIFY-ROLLBACK |
| |<---------| |
| | |
| | |--------|
| | GET-INTERMEDIATE-RESULT |
| | |------->|
| | |
| | |--------|
| | START-INPUT-TIMERS |
| | |------->|
| | |
| | |--------|
| | START-OF-INPUT |
| | |------->|
| | |
| |<-VERIFICATION-COMPLETE--|
| | |
| |<--------STOP------------|
| | |
| |----------| |
| | STOP |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| STOP | |
|<---------| | |
| |----------| |
| | CLEAR-BUFFER |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| CLEAR-BUFFER | |
|<---------| | |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | QUERY-VOICEPRINT |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| QUERY-VOICEPRINT | |
|<---------| | |
| | |
| |----------| |
| | DELETE-VOICEPRINT |
| |<---------| |
| | |
|----------| | |
| DELETE-VOICEPRINT | |
|<---------| | |
+----+ +----+ +-----------+
|Host| | AN | |Edge Router|
+----+ +----+ +-----------+
| RS | |
|---------->| |
| | |
| |Tunneled RS(LIO)|
| |--------------->|
| | |
| |Tunneled RA(LIO)|
| |<---------------|
| RA | |
|<----------| |
| | |
,---------. ,---------.
|Transport| |Transport|
| Sender | . |Receiver |
| | /|___________________________________________| |
| ,-<---------------Congestion-Feedback-Signals--<--------. |
| | |/ | | |
| | |\ Transport Layer Feedback Flow | | |
| | | \ ___________________________________________| | |
| | | \| | | |
| | | ' ,-----------. . | | |
| | |_____________| |_______________|\ | | |
| | | IP Layer | | Data Flow \ | | |
| | | |(Congested)| \ | | |
| | | | Network |--Congestion-Signals--->-' |
| | | | Device | \| |
| | | | | /| |
| `----------->--(new)-IP-Layer-ConEx-Signals-------->| |
| | | | / | |
| |_____________| |_______________ / | |
| | | | |/ | |
`---------' `-----------' ' `---------'
Protocols
Y: <--- [L, E] Y signals L to X
X ------------- Y
Data Plane:
X-Y: <L, ELI, EL> Label Stack from X -> Y
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<L, ELI, EL> X pushes <L, ELI, EL>
Y: -<L, ELI, EL> Y pops <L, ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [TL0, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <TL0,ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, ELI, EL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: TL2~TL0
Y: -<TL0, ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [TL0, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4>
A-B: <TL3>
B-W: <TL2>
W-Y: <TL0>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: TL2~TL0
Y: -<TL0>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, ELI, EL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<ELI, EL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
VPN: <------------------------------------------ [AL]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4, AL>
A-B: <TL3, AL>
B-W: <TL2, AL>
W-Y: <AL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4, AL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<AL>
A: <--- [TL4, 1]
B: <-- [TL3, 1]
W: <-- [TL2, 1]
Y: <-- [3, 1]
VPN: <--------------------------------------------- [AL]
X --------------- A ------------ B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <TL4,ELI,EL,AL>
A-B: <TL3,ELI,EL,AL>
B-W: <TL2,ELI,EL,AL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL,AL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<TL4,ELI,EL,AL>
A: TL4~TL3
B: TL3~TL2
W: -TL2
Y: -<ELI,EL,AL>
LDP: <--- [L4, 1] <------- [L3, 1] <--- [3, 1]
RSVP-TE: <-- [Rn, 0]
<-- [3, 0]
X --------------- A --------- B --- W ---------- Y
Data Plane:
X-A: <L4, ELI, EL>
A-B: <Rn,L3,ELI,EL>
B-W: <L3,ELI,EL>
W-Y: <ELI,EL>
Label Stack Operations:
X: +<L4, ELI, EL>
A: <L4~L3>+Rn
B: -Rn
W: -L3
Y: -<ELI, EL>
+-----------+ +----------+
|Third-Party| |Management|
| Monitor | >>>>>>>>| System |<<<<<
+-----------+ ^ +----------+ ^
: ^ ^ ^
: | ^ ^
+---------------+ : | +-------------+ +-------------+
| +-----------+ | : | |+-----------+| |+-----------+|
| | Monitor | |..:...|.......|| Monitor ||........|| Monitor ||
| +-----------+ | | |+-----------+| |+-----------+|
| |------+------>| |------->| |
| RTP Sender | |RTP Mixer or | |RTP Receiver |
| | |Translator | | |
+---------------+ +-------------+ +-------------+
+-------------+
/------| policy |
+----+ / | server 1 |
| |---/ +-------------+
| UA | ...
| |---\ +-------------+
+----+ \ | policy |
\------| server n |
+-------------+
domain 1
+-----------+
/------| proxy |----...
+----+ / +-----------+
| |---/ +-----------+
| | | policy |
| UA |============| server |
| | +-----------+
| |**** +-----------+
+----+ * | policy |
*******|enforcement|****...
+-----------+
UA A Proxy A Proxy B UA B
| | | |
| INVITE offer | | |
|---------------->| | | (1)
| 488 | | |
| + Policy-Contact| | |
|<----------------| | | (2)
| ACK | | |
|---------------->| | |
| | PS A | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer | | |
|------------------->| | | (3)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (4)
| | | |
| | | |
| INVITE offer' | INVITE offer' | INVITE offer' |
| + Policy-ID | | + Policy-Contact|
|---------------->|--------------->|---------------->| (5)
| | | |
| | PS B | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer' |
| | | + InfoAnswer |
| | |<-------------------| (6)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | | + PolicyAnswer |
| | |------------------->| (7)
| | | |
| | | |
| OK answer' | OK answer' | OK answer' |
|<----------------|<---------------|<----------------| (8)
| ACK |
|--------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer' | | |
| + InfoAnswer' | | |
|------------------->| | | (9)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
| + PolicyAnswer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (10)
| | | |
UA A Proxy A Proxy B UA B
| | | |
| INVITE | | |
|---------------->| | | (1)
| 488 | | |
| + Policy-Contact| | |
|<----------------| | | (2)
| ACK | | |
|---------------->| | |
| | PS A | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
|------------------->| | | (3)
| PolicyChannel | | |
|<-------------------| | | (4)
| | | |
| | | |
| INVITE | INVITE | INVITE |
| + Policy-ID | | + Policy-Contact|
|---------------->|--------------->|---------------->| (5)
| | | |
| | PS B | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer |
| | |<-------------------| (6)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | |------------------->| (7)
| | | |
| | | |
| OK offer' | OK offer' | OK offer' |
|<----------------|<---------------|<----------------| (8)
| | | |
| | | |
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + InfoOffer' | | |
| + InfoAnswer | | |
|------------------->| | | (9)
| PolicyChannel | | |
| + PolicyOffer | | |
| + PolicyAnswer | | |
|<-------------------| | | (10)
| | | |
| ACK answer' |
|--------------------------------------------------->| (11)
| | | |
| | | |
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + InfoOffer' |
| | | + InfoAnswer' |
| | |<-------------------| (12)
| | | PolicyChannel |
| | | + PolicyOffer |
| | | + PolicyAnswer |
| | |------------------->| (13)
| | | |
Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG UPD
_______________________________________________________________
Policy-ID R rd - - - c - - c
Policy-Contact R a - - - c - - c
Policy-Contact 488 a - - - c - - c
Table 1: Policy-ID and Policy-Contact Header Fields
Header field where proxy PRA PUB SUB NOT INF MSG REF
_______________________________________________________________
Policy-ID R rd c - - - - - -
Policy-Contact R a c - - - - - -
Policy-Contact 488 a c - - - - - -
Table 2: Policy-ID and Policy-Contact Header Fields
Header Field Parameter Name Predefined Reference
Values
_____________________________________________________________________
Policy-Contact non-cacheable Yes this document
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
|(1) INV <o> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(2) 488 <ps uri> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(3) ACK | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(4) SUBSCRIBE <o> | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(5) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(6) NOTIFY <po> | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(7) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(8) INV <ps id, o'>| | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(9) INV <o'> | | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(10) INV <o', ps uri>
| | | | |-------->|
| | | |(11) SUBSCRIBE <o', a>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(12) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(13) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(14) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(15) 200 OK <a'>
| | | | |<--------|
| |(16) 200 OK <a'> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(17) 200 OK <a'> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(18) ACK | | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
|(19) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'> | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(20) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(21) NOTIFY <po, pa> | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(22) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
|(1) INV | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(2) 488 <ps uri> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(3) ACK | | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
|(4) SUBSCRIBE | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(5) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(6) NOTIFY | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(7) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(8) INV <ps id> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(9) INV | | | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(10) INV <ps uri>
| | | | |-------->|
| | | |(11) SUBSCRIBE <o> |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(12) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(13) NOTIFY <po> |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(14) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(15) 200 OK <o'>
| | | | |<--------|
| |(16) 200 OK <o'> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(17) 200 OK <o'> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(18) SUBSCRIBE <o', a> | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(19) 200 OK | | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(20) NOTIFY <po, pa> | | |
|<------------------| | | |
|(21) 200 OK | | | |
|------------------>| | | |
|(22) ACK <a'> | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
| | | |(23) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(24) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(25) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(26) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
UA A P A PS A PS B P B UA B
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|(1) INV <o> | | | |
|-------->| | | | |
| |(2) INV <o, uri PSA> | |
| |---------------------------->| |
| | | | |(3) INV <o, uri PSA, uri PSB>
| | | | |-------->|
| | |(4) SUBSCRIBE <o, a> |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | |(5) 200 OK | |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(6) NOTIFY <po, pa>| |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(7) 200 OK | |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | | |(8) SUBSCRIBE <o', a'>
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(9) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(10) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(11) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | |(12) SUBSCRIBE <o", a"> |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | |(13) 200 OK | |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(14) NOTIFY <po, pa> |
| | |---------------------------->|
| | |(15) 200 OK | |
| | |<----------------------------|
| | | |(16) SUBSCRIBE <o", a">
| | | |<------------------|
| | | |(17) 200 OK |
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(18) NOTIFY <po, pa>
| | | |------------------>|
| | | |(19) 200 OK |
| | | |<------------------|
| | | | |(20) 200 OK <a">
| | | | |<--------|
| |(21) 200 OK <a"> | | |
| |<----------------------------| |
|(22) 200 OK <a"> | | | |
|<--------| | | | |
|(23) ACK | | | | |
|------------------------------------------------>|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Policy Server Alice Bob
| | |
|(1) SUBSCRIBE | |
|<------------------| |
|(2) 200 OK | |
|------------------>| |
|(3) NOTIFY | |
|------------------>| |
|(4) 200 OK | |
|<------------------| |
| |(5) INVITE |
| |------------------>|
| | |
| |(6) 200 OK |
| |<------------------|
| |(7) ACK |
| |------------------>|
|(8) SUBSCRIBE | |
|<------------------| |
|(9) 200 OK | |
|------------------>| |
|(10) NOTIFY | |
|------------------>| |
|(11) 200 OK | |
|<------------------| |
| | |
+------------+
s_1 --------> | |
. Source | Source | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
. Flows | Block |==> ..|SB_(j+1)| | SB_j | |SB_(j-1)| ..
s_n --------> | Generation | +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
+------------+
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+
| Payload_1 | Payload_2 | . . . | Payload_n |
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+
\______ _______|______ _______| |______ _______|
\/ \/ \/
FID_1,Len_1 FID_2,Len_2 FID_n,Len_n
+------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ | | -------> r_1
.. |SB_(j+1)| | SB_j | |SB_(j-1)| .. ==> | FEC | Repair .
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ |Scheme| Flows .
| | -------> r_k
+------+
<------------------ Source Block (SB) ------------------->
| | | | | |
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+ |
| Payload_1 | Payload_2 | . . . | Payload_n |0|
+-------...-----+-------...-----+- -+-------...-----+ |
| | | | | |
| Symbol_1 | Symbol_2 | Symbol_3 | . . . | Symbol_m |
|<-------->|<-------->|<-------->| |<-------->|
+------+
Symbol_1,..,Symbol_m => | FEC | => Symbol_u,..,Symbol_1
| Enc. |
+------+
<-------- Source Block 1 -------->
+------------+-------------------+
| $1 $2 $3 $4| #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 | 0..00
+------------+-------------------+
\__________________ __________________/
\/
@1 @2 @3 @4 @5 @6 @7 @8 @9 @10
<---- Source Block 2 ---->
+----------------+-------+
| $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 | #7 #8 |0..00
+----------------+-------+
\______________ _____________/
\/
@11 @12 @13 @14 @15 @16 @17
<-------- Source Block 1 -------->
+------------+-------------------+
| $1 $2 X X | #1 X #3 #4 #5 #6 |
+------------+-------------------+
tt tt tt
|<---------->| |<---------->| |<---------->|
| | | | | |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| Packet 1 | | Packet 2 | | Packet 3 |
+------------+ +------------+ +------------+
| | |
|<--------------------->|<--------------------->|
packet interval 1 packet interval 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| Domain 5 |
| ----- |
| |PCE 5| |
| ----- |
| |
| ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- |
| | Domain 1 | | Domain 2 | | Domain 3 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ----- | | ----- | | ----- | |
| | |PCE 1| | | |PCE 2| | | |PCE 3| | |
| | ----- | | ----- | | ----- | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ----| |---- ----| |---- | |
| | |BN11+---+BN21| |BN23+---+BN31| | |
| | - ----| |---- ----| |---- - | |
| | |S| | | | | |D| | |
| | - ----| |---- ----| |---- - | |
| | |BN12+---+BN22| |BN24+---+BN32| | |
| | ----| |---- ----| |---- | |
| | | | | | | |
| | ---- | | | | ---- | |
| | |BN13| | | | | |BN33| | |
| -----------+---- ---------------- ----+----------- |
| \ / |
| \ ---------------- / |
| \ | | / |
| \ |---- ----| / |
| ----+BN41| |BN42+---- |
| |---- ----| |
| | | |
| | ----- | |
| | |PCE 4| | |
| | ----- | |
| | | |
| | Domain 4 | |
| ---------------- |
| |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------
| Domain 5 |
| ---- |
| |PCE5| |
| ---- |
| |
| ---- ---- ---- |
| | |---| |---| | |
| | D1 | | D2 | | D3 | |
| | |---| |---| | |
| ---- ---- ---- |
| \ ---- / |
| \ | | / |
| ----| D4 |---- |
| | | |
| ---- |
| |
----------------------------
+----+ +----+ +----+ +----+
|Imp1| |Imp1| ,---. |Imp2| |Imp2|
+----+ +----+ / \ +-------+ +----+ +----+
| V100 | V200 / \ | Tunnel| | V300 | V400
| | ( ) | Head | | |
+--------+ +------+ | |__| Router| +----------+
|Ethernet| |Tunnel| |Internet | +---B---+ |Ethernet |
|Switch |--|Head |-| | | |Switch |
+-+--+---+ |Router| | | +---+---+--+--+--+----+
|__| +--A---+ ( ) |Network| |__|
\ / |Emulat.|
U-turn \ / |"netem"| U-turn
V300 to V400 `-+-' +-------+ V100 to V200
Implementations ,---. +--------+
+~~~~~~~~~~~/ \~~~~~~| Remote |
+------->-----F2->-| / \ |->---. |
| +---------+ | Tunnel ( ) | | |
| | transmit|-F1->-| ID 1 ( ) |->. | |
| | Imp 1 | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| | receive |-<--+ ( ) | F1 F2 |
| +---------+ | |Internet | | | | |
*-------<-----+ F1 | | | | | |
+---------+ | | +~~~~~~~~~| |~~~~| | | |
| transmit|-* *-| | | |<-* | |
| Imp 2 | | Tunnel ( ) | | |
| receive |-<-F2-| ID 2 \ / |<----* |
+---------+ +~~~~~~~~~~~\ /~~~~~~| Switch |
`-+-' +--------+
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Reset Query -------- | R requests data (or Serial Query)
| |
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| -------- Notify ----------> | (optional)
| |
| <----- Serial Query ------- | R requests data
| |
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Serial Query ------ | R requests data
| ------- Cache Reset ------> | C cannot supply update
| | from specified serial
| <------ Reset Query ------- | R requests new data
| ----- Cache Response -----> | C confirms request
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | C sends zero or more
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | IPv4 and IPv6 Prefix
| ------- IPvX Prefix ------> | Payload PDUs
| ------ End of Data ------> | C sends End of Data
| | and sends new serial
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Serial Query ------ | R requests data
| ---- Error Report PDU ----> | C No Data Available
~ ~
Cache Router
~ ~
| <----- Reset Query ------- | R requests data
| ---- Error Report PDU ----> | C No Data Available
~ ~
+-------------+ ========== +----------+
| Attacker |-AuthProto--|AAA Server|
+-------------+ ========== +----------+
|
AuthProto
|
+--------------+ ========== +----------------+
|AuthorizedUser|-AuthProto--|Decoy AAA Server|
+--------------+ ========== +----------------+
Encoding Symbol Length (E)
< -------------------------------------------------------------- >
+----+----+-----------------------+------------------------------+
|F[0]|L[0]| ADU[0] | Pad[0] |
+----+----+----------+------------+------------------------------+
|F[1]|L[1]| ADU[1] | Pad[1] |
+----+----+----------+-------------------------------------------+
|F[2]|L[2]| ADU[2] |
+----+----+------+-----------------------------------------------+
|F[3]|L[3]|ADU[3]| Pad[3] |
+----+----+------+-----------------------------------------------+
\_______________________________ _______________________________/
\/
simple FEC encoding
Host A Host B
------------------------ ------------------------
Address A1 Address A2 Address B1 Address B2
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
| | | |
| (initial connection setup) | |
|----------------------------------->| |
|<-----------------------------------| |
| | | |
| (additional subflow setup) |
| |--------------------->| |
| |<---------------------| |
| | | |
| | | |
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| |
+---------------+---------------+-------+ |
| Subtype-specific data |
| (variable length) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype|Version|A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Option Sender's Key (64 bits) |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Option Receiver's Key (64 bits) |
| (if option Length == 20) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 12 |Subtype| |B| Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Receiver's Token (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Sender's Random Number (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 16 |Subtype| |B| Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+---------------+
| |
| Sender's Truncated HMAC (64 bits) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Sender's Random Number (32 bits) |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length = 24 |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| |
| |
| Sender's HMAC (160 bits) |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Host A Host B
------------------------ ----------
Address A1 Address A2 Address B1
---------- ---------- ----------
| | |
| SYN + MP_CAPABLE(Key-A) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
|<---------------------------------------------|
| SYN/ACK + MP_CAPABLE(Key-B) |
| | |
| ACK + MP_CAPABLE(Key-A, Key-B) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| | SYN + MP_JOIN(Token-B, R-A) |
| |------------------------------->|
| |<-------------------------------|
| | SYN/ACK + MP_JOIN(HMAC-B, R-B) |
| | |
| | ACK + MP_JOIN(HMAC-A) |
| |------------------------------->|
| |<-------------------------------|
| | ACK |
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| (reserved) |F|m|M|a|A|
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Data ACK (4 or 8 octets, depending on flags) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Data sequence number (4 or 8 octets, depending on flags) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Subflow Sequence Number (4 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Data-Level Length (2 octets) | Checksum (2 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Data Sequence Number (8 octets) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Subflow Sequence Number (4 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Data-Level Length (2 octets) | Zeros (2 octets) |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+--------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| |B| AddrID (opt) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----+-+--------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| IPVer | Address ID |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Address (IPv4 - 4 octets / IPv6 - 16 octets) |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| Port (2 octets, optional) |
+-------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
| Kind | Length = 3+n |Subtype|(resvd)| Address ID | ...
+---------------+---------------+-------+-------+---------------+
(followed by n-1 Address IDs, if required)
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Kind | Length |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+-----------------------+
| Option Receiver's Key |
| (64 bits) |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| Kind | Length=12 |Subtype| (reserved) |
+---------------+---------------+-------+----------------------+
| |
| Data Sequence Number (8 octets) |
| |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
Host A Host B
| Middlebox M |
| | |
| SYN(MP_CAPABLE) | SYN |
|-------------------|---------------->|
| SYN/ACK |
|<------------------------------------|
a) MP_CAPABLE option stripped on outgoing path
Host A Host B
| SYN(MP_CAPABLE) |
|------------------------------------>|
| Middlebox M |
| | |
| SYN/ACK |SYN/ACK(MP_CAPABLE)|
|<----------------|-------------------|
b) MP_CAPABLE option stripped on return path
+---------------+
| | Main Content +-----------+
| Main RTP |------------->| | Output Content
| Content | | Splicer |--------------->
+---------------+ ---------->| |
| +-----------+
|
| Substitutive Content
|
|
+-----------------------+
| Substitutive RTP |
| Content |
| or |
| Local File Storage |
+-----------------------+
.--------------------------------.
/ \
| Traffic Encap'd to Site's |
| +-----+ RLOC(s) | LISP Site:
| |P-ITR|=========> |
| +-----+ +--+ +-----+ |
| | |PE+------+CE 1 |-|
| | Originated Route +--+ +-----+ | +----+
| V 192.0.2.0/24 | |-|Host|
| +--| +-----+ | +----+
| |PE+------+CE 2 |-| 192.0.2.1
| +---+ +--+ +-----+ |
\ |PE | /
'---------------+-+-+------------' Site EID-Prefix:
| 192.0.2.0/24
| ^
| |
+--+--+ | Traffic
Non LISP Site: | CE | | to
+--+--+ | 192.168.2.1
| |
-----------
|
+----+
|Host|
+----+
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | ITR A |----------->| ETR B | |
| +---------+ +---------+ |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| LISP | | non-LISP |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | ETR A |<-------| Proxy-ITR |<-------| |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
+----------+ +-------------+
+----------+ +-------------+
| LISP | | non-LISP |
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | ITR A |------->| Proxy-ETR |------->| |
| +-------+ +-----------+ | |
| | | |
+----------+ +-------------+
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| Domain A | | Domain B |
| +---------+ | |
| | ITR A.1 |--- | |
| +---------+ \ +---------+ |
| | ------->| ETR B | |
| | ------->| | |
| +---------+ / | | |
| | ITR A.2 |--- -----| ITR B | |
| | | / +---------+ |
| | ETR A.2 |<----- | |
| +---------+ | |
| | | |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
+---------------+--------------------------------------------+
|Version Number | Time before Wrap-Around |
| Size (bits) +---------------------+----------------------+
| |Granularity: Minutes | Granularity: Seconds |
| | (mapping changes | (mapping changes |
| | every 1 minute) | every 1 second) |
+-------------------------------------+----------------------+
| 32 | 8171 years | 136 years |
| 30 | 2042 years | 34 years |
| 24 | 31 years | 194 days |
| 16 | 45 days | 18 hours |
| 15 | 22 days | 9 hours |
| 14 | 11 days | 4 hours |
| 13 | 5.6 days | 2.2 hours |
| 12 | 2.8 days | 1.1 hours |
+---------------+---------------------+----------------------+
Success
+-->------>------>------>------>------>--+
| |
No Static | No Dynamic Success | Success
+-->--+ | +-->--+ +--->----->---+ +-->--+
| | | | | | | | |
| v | | v | v | v
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
| No Context (NC) | | Static Context (SC) | | Full Context (FC) |
+-----------------+ +---------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | ^ |
| Static Context | | Context Damage Assumed |
| Damage Assumed | | |
+-----<------<------<-----+ +-----<------<------<-----+
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
list: | item 1 | item 2 | | item n |
+--------+--------+--...--+--------+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
PS = 1: | X | Reserved | Index |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| XI_k | XI_k + 1 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| MSN |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 2 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 3 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| Opt Type = 9 | Opt Len = 0 |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
The network configuration illustrated in Figure 3 shows a typical
topology of a data center network. Servers are hierarchically
connected through Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches, also known as access
switches, and each set of racks is aggregated through an End-of-Row
(EoR) switch. The EoR switches are aggregated to the core switches,
which may be connected to other clouds, such as an external WAN or a
native FC SAN.
_ __ _ __
/ \_/ \_ / \_/ \_
\_ \ \_ \ ....
/ SAN _/ / WAN _/
\__ _/ \__ _/
\_/ \_/
| |
| |
+------+ +------+
Core | | | |
FCoE over | | | |
RBridge | | | |
(FCRB) +------+ +------+
| \___ ___/ |
| \ / |
| \/ |
EoR +----+_______/\_______+----+
FCoE over | | | |
RBridge | | | |
(FCRB) +----+ +----+
/ \ / \
/ \ / \
ToR +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
FCoE over | | | | | | | |
RBridge | | | | | | | |
(FCRB) +---+ +---+ +---+ +---+
/ \ / \ / \ / \
/ \ / \ / \ / \
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Servers/ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ENodes +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
A B C D E F G H
+--------+ +--------+ +-----------+
| DHCP | DHCP | Device | XML | Recipient | e.g., Presence
| Server |--------->| |-------->| | Agent
+--------+ +--------+ +-----------+
_.-----,===.
| | (''''')
| | `---'
| |
| | ,---------,
| | ,---, |Emergency|
| | /|,-.|----->| Number |
| | / |110| '---------'
| | / |`-'|
|_|/ | 2 | ,---------,
| | | 1 | |Lamp Post|
| | | 2 |----->| Number |
|-| | 1 | '---------'
| |\ | 0 |
| | \ | 1 |
| | \ | 4 |
| | \|,,,|
_ | |
``-..|.|
``--.._
`'--.._
Encoding Symbol Length (E)
< ----------------------------------------------------------------- >
+----+--------+-----------------------+-----------------------------+
|F[0]| L[0] | ADU[0] | Pad[0] |
+----+--------+----------+------------+-----------------------------+
|F[1]| L[1] | ADU[1] | Pad[1] |
+----+--------+----------+------------------------------------------+
|F[2]| L[2] | ADU[2] |
+----+--------+------+----------------------------------------------+
|F[3]| L[3] |ADU[3]| Pad[3] |
+----+--------+------+----------------------------------------------+
\_________________________________ ________________________________/
\/
simple FEC encoding
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| | | +-----+
| |----------|....|...PW1.(active)...|....|----------| |
| | | |==================| | | CE2 |
| CE1 | +----+ |PE2 | | |
| | +----+ | | +-----+
| | | |==================| |
| |----------|....|...PW2.(standby)..| |
+-----+ | | PE3|==================| |
AC +----+ +----+
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------>| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnels-->| | |
| V V (not shown) V V |
V AC +----+ +----+ AC V
+-----+ | |....|.......PW1........|....| | +-----+
| |----------| PE1|...... .........| PE3|----------| |
| CE1 | +----+ \ / PW3 +----+ | CE2 |
| | +----+ X +----+ | |
| | | |....../ \..PW4....| | | |
| |----------| PE2| | PE4|--------- | |
+-----+ | |....|.....PW2..........|....| | +-----+
AC +----+ +----+ AC
Native |<-----------Pseudowire ------------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|PW1-Seg2.......|-------| |
| | | |=========| |=========| | | |
| CE1| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | |.| +-----+ +-----+ | CE2|
| | |.|===========| |=========| | | |
| | |.....PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2......|-------| |
+----+ |=============|S-PE2|=========|T-PE4| | +----+
+-----+ +-----+ AC
Native |<-----------Pseudowire ------------->| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ |
| |=============| |=============| |
| |.....PW3-Seg1......|.PW3-Seg2....| |
| |.|===========|S-PE3|===========|.| |
| |.| +-----+ |.| |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|PW1-Seg2.......|-------| |
| | | |=========| |=========| | | |
| CE1| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
| | |.| |.| +-----+ +-----+ | CE2|
| | |.| |.|=========| |=========| | | |
| | |.| |...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2......|-------| |
+----+ |.| |===========|S-PE2|=========|T-PE4| | +----+
|.| +-----+ +-----+ AC
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|=============| |===========|.|
|.......PW4-Seg1......|.PW4-Seg2....|
|===============|S-PE4|=============|
+-----+
Native |<------------Pseudowire ------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<-PSN1-->| |<-PSN2-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |-------|......PW1-Seg1.......|.PW1-Seg2......|-------| |
| CE1| | |=========| |=========| | | CE2|
| | +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ | |
+----+ |.||.| |.||.| +----+
|.||.| +-----+ |.||.|
|.||.|=========| |========== .||.|
|.||...PW2-Seg1......|.PW2-Seg2...||.|
|.| ===========|S-PE2|============ |.|
|.| +-----+ |.|
|.|============+-----+============= .|
|.....PW3-Seg1.| | PW3-Seg2......|
==============|S-PE3|===============
| |
+-----+
Alice Bob
| (1) Offer (SRTP and RTP) |
|--------------------------------->|
| |
| (2) Answer (RTP) |
|<---------------------------------|
| |
Alice P1 Bob
+---INV--------->| | Line 1
| | |
|<---------100---+ | Line 2
| | |
| +---INV-------->| Line 3
| | |
| |<--------100---+ Line 4
| | |
| |<--------180---+ Line 5
| | |
|<---------180---+ | Line 6
| | |
| |<--------200---+ Line 7
| | |
|<---------200---+ | Line 8
| | |
+---ACK--------->| | Line 9
| | |
| |---ACK-------->| Line 10
Figure 2 depicts the call flow.
Bob Bob
Alice P2 (Instance 1) (Instance 2)
+---INV--->| | | Line 1
| | | |
|<---100---+ | | Line 2
| | | |
| +---INV--->| | Line 3
| | | |
| +---INV----+-------->| Line 4
| | | |
| |<---100---+ | Line 5
| | | |
| |<---------+---100---+ Line 6
| | | |
| |<---180---+---------+ Line 7
| | | |
|<---180---+ | | Line 8
| | | |
| |<---180---+ | Line 9
| | | |
|<---180---+ | | Line 10
| | | |
| |<---200---+ | Line 11
| | | |
|<---200---+ | | Line 12
| | | |
| +---CANCEL-+-------->| Line 13
| | | |
| |<---------+---487---+ Line 14
| | | |
| +---ACK----+-------->| Line 15
| | | |
| |<---------+---200---+ Line 16
+----------------------+
|+--------------------+|
||+------------------+||
||| P2P Application |||
||| Windows XP |||
||| +--+ |||
||+--------|N |------+||
|| VMware |e | ||
|+---------|t |-------+|
| Linux |IF| capture|
+----------| |--------+
+--+
+---------+ GetLocation +-------------GeoIP DB Server---------+
| | +-----------+ | +----------+ +-----------+ |
| |--|IP Address |-->| | GeoIP DB | |BGP daemon | |
| | +-----------+ | +----------+ +-----------+ |
| | | +-------------+ +----------------+ |
| | +-----------+ | | District | | Routing | |
| |--|AS Code: |---| | Information | |Information(BGP)| |
| | |Regional | | | | | | |
|P2P Peers| |Information| | | Range of | |AS Code(origin) | |
| or | +-----------+ | | IP Addresses| | | |
| Control | | +-------------+ +----------------+ |
| Server | +-------------------------------------+
| | | ^
| | PeerSelection v |
| | +-----------+ +--------------------------------------+
| |--|IP Address |-->| +--Priority Node Selection System--+ |
| | | List | | | | |
| | +-----------+ | | Peer Candidate Ranking | |
| | +-----------+ | | | |
| |--| Ranking |-->| +----------------------------------+ |
| | +-----------+ +--------------------------------------+
+---------+
+------+
| v6 |
| host |
+--+---+
|
.---+---.
/ \
/ IPv6 \
| Internet |
\ /
UE / Mobile Phone `---------'
+----------------------+ |
| +----+ | | .---+---. .------.
| | v6 +----+ +------+ / \ +------+ / \
| +----+ | | | / IPv6 PDP \ | | / IPv4 \
| +---+ CLAT +---+ Mobile Core +---+ PLAT +--+ Internet |
| | | | \ GGSN / | | \ /
| | +------+ \ ' +------+ `----+---'
| +-----+ | | `-------' |
| | v4p +---+ | +--+---+
| +-----+ | | | v4g |
+----------------------+ | host |
+------+
Uplink 1 Uplink 2
| |
+---+---+ +---+---+
+---- |Gateway| --------- |Gateway| -----+
| +-------+ +-------+ |
| Enterprise Network |
| +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| | APP | |DHCPv6| | DNS | |
| |Server| |Server| |Server| |
| +---+--+ +---+--+ +--+---+ |
| | | | |
| ---+--+---------+------+---+- |
| | | |
| +--+---+ +---+--+ |
| |Router| |Router| |
| +--+---+ +---+--+ |
| | | |
| -+---+----+-------+---+--+- |
| | | | | |
| +-+--+ +--+-+ +--+-+ +-+--+ |
| |Host| |Host| |Host| |Host| |
| +----+ +----+ +----+ +----+ |
+----------------------------------------+
....... .......
. --- . --- --- --- --- . --- .
.|CE1|----|PE1|----|P1 |-----|P2 |----|PE2|-----|CE2|.
. --- . --- --- --- --- . --- .
....... | | .......
(VPN1) | | (VPN1)
| |
....... | | .......
. --- . | | . --- .
.|CE3|------+ +-------|CE4|.
. --- . . --- .
....... .......
(VPN2) (VPN2)
<--------Customer MPLS-TE LSP for VPN2-------->
^ ^
| |
VRF instance VRF instance
___________________________________________
( )
( IPv6 Clients in the Internet )
(___________________________________________)
|
-------------
| Ingress |
| router |
-------------
____________|_____________
|
-------------
| IPv6 stack|
|-----------|
| HTTP proxy|
|-----------|
| IPv4 stack|
-------------
____________|_____________
|
-------------
| IPv4 stack|
|-----------|
| HTTP |
| server |
-------------
+-----------------+
+------------+ | NAT or firewall |
| PCP client |-<network>-+ with +---<Internet>
+------------+ | PCP server |
+-----------------+
CLOSE_MSG or
(NO_TRAFFIC and EXPIRY) +---------+ NO_TRAFFIC and EXPIRY
+-------------->| |<------------+
| |NO_ENTRY | |
| +-----------| |---------+ |
| | +---------+ | |
| | ^ | | |
| | NO_TRAFFIC | | | |
| | or | | | |
| | CLOSE_MSGS | | | |
| | | | | |
| |PEER request | | MAP request| |
| V | | V |
+---------+ | | +---------+
+-->| "P", | | | M-R | "M", |<--+
P-R | | PEER |-----------|--|-------->| MAP | | M-R or
+---| mapping| | | | mapping|---+ P-R or
+---------+ | | +---------+ CLOSE_MSGS
| ^ | | ^ |
| |PEER request | | MAP request| |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | outbound | |
| | | | TRAFFIC | |
| | | V | |
| | +---------+ | |
| +-----------| "I", |---------+ |
| | implicit| |
+-------------->| mapping |<------------+
TRAFFIC and EXPIRY +---------+ TRAFFIC and EXPIRY
.
:
| Internet
............... | ...................
| ISP network
External pool: |
192.0.2.1/26 |
++------++ External realm
........... | CGN |...............
++------++ Internal realm
10.0.0.1 | |
| |
| | ISP network
............. | .. | ................
| | Customer premises
10.0.0.100 | | 10.0.0.101
++------++ ++------++
| CPE1 | | CPE2 | etc.
++------++ ++------++
X1:x1 X1':x1' X2:x2
+---+from X1:x1 +---+from X1:x1 +---+
| C | to X2:x2 | | to X2:x2 | S |
| l |>>>>>>>>>>>>| C |>>>>>>>>>>>>>>| e |
| i | | G | | r |
| e |<<<<<<<<<<<<| N |<<<<<<<<<<<<<<| v |
| n |from X2:x2 | |from X2:x2 | e |
| t | to X1:x1 | | to X1:x1 | r |
+---+ +---+ +---+
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 | PRI| R3 |
| UR/HE |--| HE/MID |----| MP/T/E |
| | | PLR |----| |
+-------+ +--------+ BKP+--------+
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 | | R3 |
| UR/HE | | HE/MID |PRI | MP/T/E |
| |----| PLR |----| |
+-------+ +--------+ +--------+
|BKP |
| +--------+ |
| | R6 | |
|----| BKP |----|
| MID |
+--------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 |PRI | R3 |PRI | R4 |
| UR/HE |----| HE/MID |----| MP/MID |------| T/E |
| | | PLR |----| | | |
+--------+ +--------+ BKP+--------+ +--------+
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
| R1 | | R2 |PRI | R3 | PRI | R4 |
| UR/HE |----| HE/MID |----| MID |------| MP/T/E |
| | | PLR | | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
|BKP |
-----------------------------
+--------+ +--------+PRI+--------+PRI+--------+PRI+--------+
| R1 | | R2 | | R3 | | R4 | | R5 |
| UR/HE |--| HE/MID |---| MID |---| MP |---| T/E |
| | | PLR | | | | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+ +--------+
BKP| |
--------------------------
T' {not valid yet} |---------------------|----------------
| translation stage |
T ----------------|---------------------| {no longer valid}
refresh refresh + expiry
Bit | Bit | Meaning | Reference
Number | Name | |
-------+------+----------------------------------------+----------
0 | S | SONET/SDH Test support | RFC 6898
1 | D | DWDM support | RFC 6898
2 | C | Data Channel consistency check support | RFC 6898
_----_
_( )_
:-----------------( Internet )---------------:
| (_ _) |
| '----' |
| |
: |
(IPv4 Traffic Offload Point) |
: |
| |
........................................................|....
| | |
+--------+ | +---------------------+ |
| Local | | | Services requiring | |
|Services| | | mobility, or service| |
+--------+ | | treatment | |
| | +---------------------+ |
| +---+ | |
| |NAT| | |
| +---+ | |
+-----| _----_ | |
+-----+ _( )_ +-----+ |
[MN]----| MAG |======( IP )======| LMA |----------
+-----+ (_ _) +-----+ Internet
'----'
.
.
[Access Network] . [Home Network]
..........................................................
MN MAG(NAT) LMA
|------>| | 1. Mobile Node Attach
| |------->| 2. Proxy Binding Update (IPv4TS)
| |<-------| 3. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (IPv4TS)
| |========| 4. Tunnel/Route Setup
| + | 5. Installing the traffic offload rules
|------>| | 6. IPv4 packet from mobile node
| + | 7. Offload rule applied (Tunnel/offload)
| | |
Caller Callee
sip:123@a.com sip:456@b.com
| |
| INVITE sip:456@b.com | [original call]
| From: sip:123@a.com |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 487 |
| Call-Info:<sip:456@z.b.com>;purpose=call-completion;m=NR
|<-------------------------|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:456@z.b.com;m=NR [initial SUBSCRIBE]
| From: sip:123@a.com |
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Request-Disposition: parallel
| Call-Id: abcd-efgh |
| Event: call-completion |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [initial NOTIFY]
| Body: cc-state: queued |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| SUBSCRIBE sip:456@b.com;m=NR [another init. SUB.]
| From: sip:foo@example.com|
| Request-Disposition: parallel
| Call-Id: abcd-efgh |
| Event: call-completion |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 482 | [duplicate SUB. rej.]
|<-------------------------|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC invoked]
| Body: cc-state: ready |
| URI: sip:recall@z.b.com
|<-------------------------|
| |
| INVITE sip:recall@z.b.com;m=NR [CC call]
| From: sip:foo@example.com|
|------------------------->|
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC terminated]
| Expires = 0 |
|<-------------------------|
Caller Callee
sip:123@a.com sip:456@b.com
| |
| NOTIFY sip:123@y.a.com | [CC notification, caller not
| Body: cc-state: ready | available for CC recall]
| URI: sip:recall@z.b.com
|<-------------------------|
| |
| 200 |
|------------------------->|
| |
| PUBLISH sip:456@z.b.com | [non-availability for recall
| From: sip:123@a.com | is published]
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Event: presence |
| Content-Type: 'app/pidf' |
| Body: status=closed |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
| | [caller becomes available
| | again]
| |
| PUBLISH sip:456@z.b.com | [availability for recall
| From: sip:123@a.com | is published]
| Contact: sip:123@y.a.com |
| Event: presence |
| Content-Type: 'app/pidf' |
| Body: status=open |
|------------------------->|
| |
| 200 |
|<-------------------------|
| |
SIP Registrar Bob's SIP UA
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| REGISTER F1 |
|<------------------------------|
| |
| 200 OK F2 |
|------------------------------>|
| |
Phase 0 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 4 Phase 0
--x--------x---------x-------------------x--------x---------
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | |
(1) (2) (3) (5) (6)
Phase 0 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 0
-------------------------------x---------x--------x---------
^ ^ ^ ^
| | | |
(1) (4) (5) (6)
+---+-----+---+ +---+-----+---+
| Application | | Media |
| Server |<-------MS Control------>| Server |
+-------------+ +-------------+
+---+-----+---+
| Media |
+----->| Server |
| +-------------+
|
+---+-----+---+ | +---+-----+---+
| Application | | | Media |
| Server |<--MS Control-----+----->| Server |
+-------------+ | +-------------+
|
| +---+-----+---+
+----->| Media |
| Server |
+-------------+
+---+-----+---+
+------------>| MRB |<----------+----<-----+---+
| +-------------+ (1)| | |
| | | |
|(2) +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
| +---->| Server | | |
| | +-------------+ | |
| | (1)| |
+---+--+--+---+ | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | | | Media | | |
| Server |<-----+-MS Control-+---->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ (3) | +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+-----+---+ (1)|
+---->| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
+------------<----------------<---------+----<-----+---+
| (1) | | |
| | | |
| +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
V +---->| Server | | |
+------+------+ | +-------------+ | |
| MRB | | | |
+---+--+--+---+ | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | | | Media | | |
| Server |<-----+-MS Control-+---->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ | +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+-----+---+ |
+---->| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
(1) +---+-----+---+
+---+---+------------->---------------->----------->| MRB |
| | | +---+--+--+---+ +---+-----+---+
| | +-<-| Application | | Media |
| | | Server |<--+-MS Control-+------->| Server |
| | +-------------+ | +-------------+
| | |
| | +---+--+--+---+ |
| +---<---| Application | |
| | Server |<--+-MS Control-+--+
| +-------------+ |
| |
| +---+--+--+---+ |
+---<-------| Application | |
| Server |<--+-MS Control-+--+
+-------------+
+-------<----------+----<-------+---+
| | (1) | |
| | | |
| +---+--+--+---+ | |
| | Media | | |
| +------>| Server | | |
| |(3) +-------------+ | |
| | (1)| |
+---+--+--+---+ | | +---+-----+---+ | |
| Application | (2) +---+--V--+---+ (3) | Media | | |
| Server |----->| MRB |----->| Server |->-+ |
+-------------+ +---+-----+---+ +-------------+ |
| |
| (3) +---+-----+---+ (1)|
+------>| Media | |
| Server |--->---+
+---+-----+---+
MRB MS
| |
| A1. CONTROL (MRB subscription) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| A2. 200 OK |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. .
| |
| |--+ collect
| | | up-to-date
| |<-+ info
| B1. CONTROL (MRB notification) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| B2. 200 OK |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
. .
. .
AS MRB
| |
| 1. HTTP POST (Consumer request) |
|--------------------------------------------->|
| |
| |
| |--+ Parse request
| | | and see if any
| |<-+ MS applies
| |
| 2. 200 OK (Consumer response) |
|<---------------------------------------------|
| |
|--+ Parse response and |
| | start session (SIP/COMEDIA/CFW) |
|<-+ with first MS reported by MRB |
| |
. .
. .
AS MRB MS1 MS2
| | | |
| 1. INVITE | | |
| (multipart/mixed) | | |
|---------------------->| | |
| 2. 100 (Trying) | | |
|<----------------------| | |
| |--+ Extract SDP and | |
| | | MRB payloads; handle | |
| |<-+ Consumer request to | |
| | pick MSs (MS1 and MS2) | |
| | | |
| | 3. INVITE | |
| | (only copy SDP from 1.) | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| | 4. 100 (Trying) | |
| |<--------------------------| |
| | |--+ Negotiate |
| | | | CFW Control |
| | |<-+ Channel |
| | 5. 200 OK | |
| |<--------------------------| |
| | 6. ACK | |
| |-------------------------->| |
| Prepare new +--| | |
| payload with | | | |
| SDP from MS and +->| | |
| Consumer reply | | |
| | | |
| 7. 200 OK | | |
| (multipart/mixed) | | |
|<----------------------| | |
| 8. ACK | | |
|---------------------->| | |
| | | |
|--+ Read Cons. reply | | |
| | and use SDP to | | |
|<-+ create CFW Chn. | | |
| | | |
| | |
| Create TCP CFW channel towards MS1 (if needed) | |
|-------------------------------------------------->| |
| | |
|<<############## TCP CONNECTION #################>>| |
| | |
| CFW SYNC | |
|++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>| |
| | |
. . . .
. . . .
| | |
| Negotiate SIP control dialog with MS2 |
|<------------------------------------------------------------------>|
| Create TCP CFW channel towards MS2 as well (if needed) |
|------------------------------------------------------------------->|
| |
|<<######################## TCP CONNECTION ########################>>|
| |
| CFW SYNC |
|+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>|
| |
| | | |
. . . .
. . . .
UAC AS MRB MS
| | | |
| 1. INVITE | | |
| (media SDP) | | |
|-------------->| | |
| 2. 100 Trying | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | 3. INVITE | |
| | (multipart/mixed) | |
| |---------------------->| |
| | 4. 100 (Trying) | |
| |<----------------------| |
| | |--+ Extract SDP and |
| | | | MRB payloads; handle |
| | |<-+ Consumer request to |
| | | pick Media Servers |
| | | |
| | | 5. INVITE |
| | | (only copy SDP from 3.) |
| | |-------------------------->|
| | | 6. 100 (Trying) |
| | |<--------------------------|
| | | +--|
| | | Handle media dialog | |
| | | (connection-id) +->|
| | | |
| | | 7. 200 OK |
| | |<--------------------------|
| | | 8. ACK |
| | |-------------------------->|
| | Prepare new +--| |
| | payload with | | |
| | SDP from MS and +->| |
| | Consumer reply | |
| | | |
| | 9. 200 OK | |
| | (multipart/mixed) | |
| |<----------------------| |
| | 10. ACK | |
| |---------------------->| |
| | | |
| |--+ Read Cons. reply | |
| | | and send SDP | |
| |<-+ back to UAC | |
| 11. 200 OK | | |
|<--------------| | |
| 12. ACK | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
|<<*************************** RTP *******************************>>|
| | | |
| |--+ Negotiate | |
| | | CFW channel | |
| |<-+ towards MS | |
| | (if needed) | |
. . . .
. . . .
| | | |
| | |
| | Create TCP CFW channel towards MS (if needed) |
| |-------------------------------------------------->|
| | |
| |<<############## TCP CONNECTION #################>>|
| | |
| | CFW SYNC |
| |++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>|
| | |
. . . .
. . . .
+--------+
| DHCPv4 | +--------------+
| Server |-...-| DHCP |
| | | Relay Agent |
+--------+ +--------------+
| |
+------+ +------+
|Modem1| |Modem2|
+------+ +------+
| | |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
|Node1| |Node2| |Node3|
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+
Status Status
Code Len Code Message
+------+------+------+------+------+-- --+-----+
| 151 | n+1 |status| s1 | s2 | ... | sn |
+------+------+------+------+------+-- --+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len base-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 152 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Seconds in the past
Code Len from base-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 153 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len query-start-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 154 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
DHCPv4 Server
Code Len query-end-time
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 155 | 4 | t1 | t2 | t3 | t4 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
Requestor Server
--------- ------
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 1 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 1
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 2 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 2
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 2
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 3 ----->
DHCPBULKLEASEQUERY xid 4 ----->
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEUNASSIGNED xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 3
<----- DHCPLEASEACTIVE xid 4
<----- DHCPLEASEQUERYDONE xid 4
---------------------------------------
| total segments | IW=3 | IW=10 |
---------------------------------------
| 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 6 | 2 | 1 |
| 10 | 3 | 1 |
| 12 | 3 | 2 |
| 21 | 4 | 2 |
| 25 | 5 | 2 |
| 33 | 5 | 3 |
| 46 | 6 | 3 |
| 51 | 6 | 4 |
| 78 | 7 | 4 |
| 79 | 8 | 4 |
| 120 | 8 | 5 |
| 127 | 9 | 5 |
---------------------------------------
6rd CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|-------DHCPDISCOVER------>| |
|(Parameter Request w/ 6rd option) |
| |--Access-Request(6rd Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(6rd Attr)---|
|<-------DHCPOFFER---------| |
| (6rd option) | |
| | |
DHCP RADIUS
6rd CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|--------DHCPREQUEST------>| |
|(Parameter Request w/ 6rd option) |
| |--Access-Request(6rd Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(6rd Attr)---|
| | |
|<---------DHCPACK---------| |
| (6rd option) | |
| | |
DHCP RADIUS
Access Customer
<---------Aggregation-------><-Prem->
Network Network
+------------------+
| Access Node |
| Complex (ANX) |
+---------+ +---+ +-----+ |+---+ +---+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth |--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONT|-|--|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg | |+---+ +---+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +-----+ +------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +---+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONT|--|HGW|
| +---+ +---+
|
| +---+ +---+
+---|ONT|--|HGW|
+---+ +---+
HGW : Home Gateway
NAS : Network Access Server
PON : Passive Optical Network
OLT : Optical Line Terminal
ONT : Optical Network Terminal
FE/GE/VDSL
+---+ +---+
+----------------+ | |-|HGW|
+---------+ +-----+ | +-----+ +----+| | | +---+
| | +-|NAS |--| |Eth |--|OLT||-<PON>- | |
NSP---+Regional | | +-----+ | |Agg | | || | |ONT| +---+
|Broadband| | | | | | || | | or|-|HGW|
|Network | | +-----+ | +-----+ +----+| | |ONU| +---+
| |-+-|NAS | +----------------+ | | |
ASP---+ | | +-----+ | | | +---+
| | | +-----+ | | |-|HGW|
+---------+ +-|NAS | | +---+ +---+
+-----+ |
| +---+ +---+
+-|ONT|-|HGW|
+---+ +---+
+----------------------+
| ANX |
+---------+ +---+ +---+ |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|-|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg| |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +---+ +----------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +-------+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|-|HGW|
| +-------+ +---+
| +---+ +---+
+--|ONT|-----|HGW|
+---+ +---+
ANCP OMCI
+<--------------->+<----------->+
+----------------------+
| Access Node Complex |
| (ANX) |
+---------+ +---+ +---+ |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
| | +-|NAS|--|Eth|--||OLT|-<PON>-|ONU/ONT| |--|HGW|
NSP---+Regional | | +---+ |Agg| |+---+ +-------+ | +---+
|Broadband| | +---+ +---+ +----------------------+
|Network |-+-|NAS| |
ASP---+ | | +---+ |
| | | +---+ |
+---------+ +-|NAS| | +-------+ +---+
+---| +-<PON>-|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|
| +-------+ +---+
|
| +-------+ +---+
+---|ONU/ONT|--|HGW|
+-------+ +---+
+--------+
| Policy | +----+
| Server | +--<PON>---|ONT |------- HGW
+--------+ + +----+ +---+
| + +----------|ONT|----HGW
| + | +---+
| +----------------|-------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |---------------| | | | |-|----|HGW|
| |<------------->| | | | ONU | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>----| | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<------------->| |------|HGW|
| | +----+ ANCP +-----+ | +---+
| +------------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| Control Request | |
| ------------------>| Control Request |
| |-------------------->|
| | Control Response |
| Control Response |<------------------- |
|<-------------------| |
| |Admission Request |
| Admission Request |<--------------------|
|<-------------------| |
|Admission Response | |
|------------------->|Admission Response |
| |-------------------->|
|Information Report | |
|<-------------------| |
Access Node Control Access Node Control
Mechanism Mechanism
<--------------------><-------------------->
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------>
+--------+
| Policy |
| Server |
+--------+ +---+ +---+
| +---- |ONT|--------|HGW|
| | +---+ +---+
| +--------------- |-------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |---------------| | | | |-|----|HGW|
| |<------------->| | | | ONU | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>----| | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<------------->| |------|HGW|
| | +----+ OMCI +-----+ | +---+
| +-----------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| Control Request | |
| ------------------>| Control Request |
| |-------------------->|
| | Control Response |
| Control Response |<------------------- |
|<-------------------| |
| |Admission Request |
| Admission Request |<--------------------|
|<-------------------| |
|Admission Response | |
|------------------->|Admission Response |
| |-------------------->|
|Information Report | |
|<-------------------| |
Access Node Control Operating Maintenance
Mechanism Control Interface (OMCI)
<--------------------><-------------------->
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------->
+------------+ 1. VoD Request
| App. Server|<-----------------------------------------------
| Server |
+------------+
| 2. Admission-Request (VoD-Flow)
+-------+
|Policy |
|Server |
+-------+
| +
|<-|---3. Admission-Request
| |
+ | 8. Admission-Reply
+----+ + +----+ +-----+
|NAS |---------------|OLT |------<PON>-------|ONT |---HGW--CPE
| |<------------->| | +-----+ |
+----+ ANCP +----+ | |
| | | |
4.| | | |
+=================+ | | |
[Subscriber B/W ] | | |
[& OLT link B/W ] | | |
[Admission Ctrl ] | | |
+=================+PASS | | |
| | | |
| 5.Admission-Request | | |
|(Bandwidth,PON-Port-ID) | |
|-------------------> | | |
| | | |
| 6.+===============+ | |
| [ PON B/W ] | |
| [ Admission Ctrl] | |
| +===============+ PASS | |
|7.Admission-Reply | | |
| <PON-Port-ID> | | |
|<------------------- | | |
| | | |
+--------+
| Policy |
| Server |
+--------+ +---+ +---+
| +-----------|ONT|---|HGW|
| | +---+ +---+
| +--------------- |-----------------+
+----+ | +----+ | +-----+ | +---+
|NAS |------------ | | | | | |-|-|HGW|
| |<----------> | | | | |ONT/ | | +---+
+----+ ANCP | |OLT |------<PON>--------|ONU | |
| | | | | | | +---+
| | | |<----------------->| |---|HGW|
| | +----+ OMCI +-----+ | +---+
| +----------------------------------+
| | Access Node |
| | |
| |------GPON Ranging------|
| Port Status Message| ONT Port UP |
|<------------------ |<-----------------------|
|Port Configuration GPON Line/Service Profile|
|------------------> |<---------------------->|
| ONT/ONI Port UP| |
|<------------------ | |
| | |
| ANCP | OMCI |
<-------------------><----------------------->|
PPP, DHCP, IP
<------------------------------------------------------>
Internet | Internet Model |
Model | Equivalent | Reload
| in Overlay | Architecture
-------------+-----------------+------------------------------------
| | +-------+ +-------+
| Application | | SIP | | XMPP | ...
| | | Usage | | Usage |
| | +-------+ +-------+
| | ----------------------------------
| |+------------------+ +---------+
| Transport || Message |<--->| Storage |
| || Transport | +---------+
| |+------------------+ ^
| | ^ ^ |
| | | v v
Application | | | +-------------------+
| (Routing) | | | Topology |
| | | | Plug-in |
| | | +-------------------+
| | | ^
| | v v
| Network | +------------------+
| | | Forwarding & |
| | | Link Management |
| | +------------------+
| | ----------------------------------
Transport | Link | +-------+ +------+
| | |TLS | |DTLS | ...
| | +-------+ +------+
-------------+-----------------+------------------------------------
Network |
|
Link |
+--------------------------------+
| Resource-ID |
| |
| +------------+ +------------+ |
| | Kind 1 | | Kind 2 | |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | | +--------+ | |
| | | +------------+ |
| | +--------+ | |
| | | Value | | |
| | +--------+ | |
| +------------+ |
+--------------------------------+
Store
resource=1234
replica_number = 0
/ \
/ \
StoreKindData StoreKindData
kind=X (Single-Value) kind=Y (Array)
generation_counter = 99 generation_counter = 107
| /\
| / \
StoredData / \
storage_time = xxxxxxx / \
lifetime = 86400 / \
signature = XXXX / \
| | |
| StoredData StoredData
| storage_time = storage_time =
| yyyyyyyy zzzzzzz
| lifetime = 86400 lifetime = 33200
| signature = YYYY signature = ZZZZ
| | |
StoredDataValue | |
value="abc" | |
| |
StoredDataValue StoredDataValue
index=0 index=1
value="foo" value="bar"
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq Dest=JN+1| | | | |
|---------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachReq Dest=JN+1| |
| | | |<----------------------------|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachAns | |
| | | |---------------------------->|
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns | | | | |
|<----------------------------------------------------------|
| | | | | | |
|ICE | | | | | |
|<===========================>| | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|<...........................>| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq NP | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachReq NP | |
| | | |-------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |AttachAns| | |
| | | |<--------| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|ICE | | | | | |
|<=====================================>| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|<.....................................>| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN NP XX TP
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|AttachReq JN+2<<126| |
|-------->| | |
| | | |
| | | |
| |AttachReq JN+2<<126|
| |-------->| |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |AttachReq JN+2<<126
| | |-------->|
| | | |
| | | |
| | |AttachAns|
| | |<--------|
| | | |
| | | |
| |AttachAns| |
| |<--------| |
| | | |
| | | |
|AttachAns| | |
|<--------| | |
| | | |
|ICE | | |
|<===========================>|
| | | |
|TLS | | |
|<...........................>|
| | | |
| | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|JoinReq | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|JoinAns | | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreReq Data A | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreAns | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreReq Data B | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|StoreAns | | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN PPP PP AP NP NNP BP
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachReq Dest=PP | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |AttachReq Dest=PP | | |
| | |<--------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | |AttachAns| | | |
| | |-------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|AttachAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|TLS | | | | | |
|...................| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|------------------>| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<------------------| | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|---------------------------->| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<----------------------------| | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateReq| | | | | |
|-------------------------------------->| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|UpdateAns| | | | | |
|<--------------------------------------| | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
JN NP XX TP
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|UpdateReq| | |
|---------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | |
|UpdateAns| | |
|<----------------------------|
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
| |
| |<------- Pseudowire ------->| |
| | | |
| | |<-- PSN Tunnel -->| | |
| v v v v |
v AC +----+ +----+ AC v
+-----+ | | PE1|==================| PE2| | +-----+
| |----------|............PW1.............|----------| |
| CE1 | | | | | | | | CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+-----+ ^ | | |==================| | | ^ +-----+
^ | +----+ +----+ | | ^
| | Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 | |
| | | |
Customer | |Customer
Edge 1 | |Edge 2
| |
Native service Native service
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<- PSN ->| |<- PSN ->| | (AC)
| v v v v v v |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|-------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|-------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<----------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<--PSN-->| |<--PSN-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<---------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
Native |<-------------Pseudowire------------>| Native
Service | | Service
(AC) | |<--PSN-->| |<--PSN-->| | (AC)
| V V V V V V |
| +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ |
+----+ | |T-PE1|=========|S-PE1|=========|T-PE2| | +----+
| |------|......PW.Seg't1.......PW.Seg't3......|------| |
| CE1| | | | | | | | | |CE2 |
| |------|......PW.Seg't2.......PW.Seg't4......|------| |
+----+ | | |=========| |=========| | | +----+
^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^
| | | |
| TP LSP TP LSP |
| |
|<---------------- Emulated Service --------------->|
--------Untrusted---------->|<--->|<-------Untrusted----------
Trusted
Zone
Native |<--------------------- PW15 ------------------>| Native
Layer | | Layer
Service | |<PSN13>| |<PSN3X>| |<PSNXZ>| | Service
(AC1) V V LSP V V LSP V V LSP V V (AC2)
| +-----+ +-+ +-----+ +-----+ +-+ +-----+ |
+---+ | |T-PE1| | | |S-PE3| |S-PEX| | | |T-PEZ| | +---+
| | | | |=======| |=======| |=======| | | | |
|CE1|----|........PW1........|..PW3..|........PW5........|---|CE2|
| | | | |=======| |=======| |=======| | | | |
+---+ | 1 | |2| | 3 | | X | |Y| | Z | +---+
+-----+ +-+ +-----+ +-----+ +-+ +-----+
|<--Subnetwork 123->| |<--Subnetwork XYZ->|
Untrusted>|<-- Trusted Zone-->|<-------------Untrusted-------------
Diameter +--------+
+-------------+ ERP +-----------+ (*) | Home |
Peer <->|Authenticator|<=======>| ER server | <---> | EAP |
+-------------+ +-----------+ | server |
+--------+
(*) Diameter EAP application; explicit bootstrapping scenario only.
ER server &
Authenticator EAP Proxy Home EAP server
============= =========== ===============
------------------------->
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
------------------------->
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
(ERP-RK-Request)
<-------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(MSK)
(Key AVP (rRK))
<-------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(MSK)
[ERP-Realm]
Authenticator ER server Home Diameter server
============= ========= ====================
----------------------->
Diameter ERP/DER
(EAP-Initiate)
------------------------>
Diameter EAP/DER
(EAP-Response)
(ERP-RK-Request)
<------------------------
Diameter EAP/DEA
(EAP-Success)
(Key AVP (rRK))
(Key AVP (rMSK))
<----------------------
Diameter ERP/DEA
(EAP-Finish)
(Key AVP (rMSK))
ER server
Peer Authenticator (bootstrapped)
==== ============= ======================
[ <------------------------ ]
[optional EAP-Initiate/Re-auth-start,]
[ possibly with ERP domain name ]
----------------------->
EAP-Initiate/Re-auth
===============================>
Diameter ERP, cmd code DER
User-Name: keyName-NAI
EAP-Payload: EAP-Initiate/Re-auth
<===============================
Diameter ERP, cmd code DEA
EAP-Payload: EAP-Finish/Re-auth
Key AVP: rMSK
<----------------------
EAP-Finish/Re-auth
+------------+
| Holder of | 1. Generation
| identifier +<---------+
+----+-------+ |
| | Match
| v/
| +-------+-------+
+----------+ Repository of |
| | identifiers |
| +-------+-------+
2. Distribution | ^\
| | Match
v |
+---------+-------+ |
| User of | |
| identifier +----------+
+-----------------+ 3. Use
| "Grant on match" | "Deny on match"
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
False positive | Elevation of privilege | Denial of service
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
False negative | Denial of service | Elevation of privilege
---------------+------------------------+-----------------------
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--------->| SPF |<---------+
| SIP +----------+ SIP |
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
+-----+ SIP | SBE | | SBE | SIP
| S |<----->| | | |<----->
| I | +-----------+ +-----------+
| P | || ||
| | +-----------+ +-----------+
| U | RTP | DBE | RTP | DBE | RTP
| A |<----->| |<----------------->| | <----->
+-----+ +-----------+ +-----------+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| | |<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv4|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP+-|IPv4|
| UA |<-------->|IPv4/v6 IWF|<------>| |<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP+-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->|IPv4/v6 IWF|<------>|IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv4|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv4 RTP+-|IPv4|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<------>|IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP| DBE |IPv6 RTP+-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<------>| NAT66 |<-------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | +-----------+ | +----+
|IPv6|-+IPv6 RTP| DBE | IPv6 RTP +-|IPv6|
| UA |<-------->| NAT66 |<----------------------------->| UA |
+----+ +-----------+ +----+
2001:db8::1 2001:db8::2
+----------+
| Core SIP |
+--->|SPF (IPv4)|<---+
IPv4 SIP | +----------+ |IPv4 SIP
v v
+-----------+ +-----------+
| SBE | | SBE | SIP
+------->|IPv4/v6 IWF| |IPv4/v6 IWF|<-------+
|IPv6 +-----------+ +-----------+ IPv6|
| SIP SIP|
+----+ | | +----+
|IPv6|-+ IPv6 RTP +-|IPv6|
| UA |<---------------------------------------------------->| UA |
+----+ +----+
2001:db8::1
-----------
| Master |
|WS Device| ------------
|Lat: X |\ .---. /--------|Database A|
|Long: Y | \ ( ) / ------------
----------- \-------/ \/ o
( Internet) o
----------- /------( )\ o
| Master | / ( ) \ o
|WS Device|/ (_____) \ ------------
|Lat: X | \------|Database B|
|Long: Y | ------------
-----------
--------
|Slave |
|Device| \ \|/ ----------
| 1 | (Air) | |Database|
-------- \ | (----) /|--------|
| \ ------|------ ( ) /
| \| Master | / \
-------- /| |======= ( Internet )
|Slave | / | Device | \ /
|Device| (Air) | | ( )
| 2 | / |-----------| (----)
-------- /
o | /
o | (Air)
o | /
-------- /
|Slave | /
|Device| /
| n |
--------
\|/
|
|--|----------|
\|/ /|Access Point |\
| (Air)--/ |-------------| \
--|------ / \ -----------
|Portable|/ \ (----) | Database|
| Device | \ ( ) /----------
|--------|\ \ / \
\ X( Internet )
\ / \ /
(Air) / ( )
\ / (----)
\ /
\|---------------|/
| Metered |
| Service |
|---------------|
Figure 4 shows an example of deployment of this scenario.
\|/ White \|/ \|/ Wi-Fi \|/
| Space | | |
| | | |-|----|
(----) |-|----| |-|------|-| | Wi-Fi|
( ) |Master| | Slave |--(Air)--| Dev |
/ \ | |--(Air)--| Bridge | |------|
( Internet )---| | | to Wi-Fi |
\ / |------| |----------| \|/
( ) \ |
(----) \(Air) |-|----|
\--| Wi-Fi|
| Dev |
|------|
\|/
| ad hoc
|
|-|-------------|
| Master node | |-------------|
\|/ | with | | White-Space |
| ad hoc /| backhaul link | | Database |
| /---/ |---------------| |-------------|
---|------------/ | \ /
| Master node | | | (--/--)
| without | | -----( )
| backhaul link | | Wireless / Private \
----------------\ | Access ( net or )
\ | \ Internet )
\ \|/ | ------( /
\ | ad hoc | | (------)
\ | | / \
\--|------------- /Satellite ----------
| Master node | / Link | Other |
| with |/ | nodes |
| backhaul link | ----------
-----------------
|------------|
|White-Space |
| Database |
.---. / |------------|
|-----------| ( ) /
| Master | / \
| |========( Internet)
|-----------| \ /
| ( )
/|\ (---)
\|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/ \|/
| | | | | | | .................
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
USB TV receivers connected to laptops, cell phones, tablets ...
+-----+ +------+
| |EtherPHYIn | | from some LFB(s) that
| |<---------------|Ether |<---------- generate Ethernet
| | |MACOut| packets
| | | LFB |
|Ether| +------+
|PHY | +------+
|Cop | | |
|LFB |EtherPHYOut | Ether| to some LFB(s) that
| |--------------->| MACIn|----------> may classify Ethernet
| | | LFB | packets and do IP-layer
| | | | processing
+-----+ +------+
CPE1 CPE2 BNG
| | |
(a)| | |
| | |
(b)|===================>|
| | |(c)
| | |
| (d)| |
| | |
| (e)|=========>|
| | |
| |<=========|(f)
| | |
Edge Network 1 CPE-ISP _.------------.
_.----------------. Ingress/ ISP A `--.
,--'' `---. ,' `.
,' +----+ +------+ +------+ `. / +------+ +------+ \\
( |Host+--+Switch+--+ CPE +---)-(---+ PE +- - - -+ NNI | )
`. +----+ +------+ |Router| ,' \\ |Router| |Router| /
`---. Host-neighbor +------+' `.+------+ +--+---+,'
`----------------'' '--. |_.-'
`------------'|
|
Edge Network 2 ISP-ISP Ingress |
_.----------------. _.----------.|
,--'' `---. ,-'' |--.
,' +----+ +------+ +------+ `. ,+------+ +--+---+.
( |Host+--+Switch+--+ CPE +---)---+-+ PE +- - - -+ NNI | \\
`. +----+ +------+ |Router| ,' ( |Router| |Router| )
`---. +------+' \\+------+ +------+ /
`----------------'' `. ,'
'--. ISP B _.-'
`----------''
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:1::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host E |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | /
: | (isatap) | | (isatap) | :
: | 192.0.2.1 | | 192.0.2.1 | ;
+ +------------+ +------------+ \
fe80::*:192.0.2.1 fe80::*:192.0.2.1
| 2001:db8::/64 2001:db8::/64 |
| ;
: IPv4 Site -+-'
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*:192.0.2.18 fe80::*:192.0.2.34
2001:db8::*:192.0.2.18 2001:db8::*:192.0.2.34
+--------------+ +--------------+
| 192.0.2.18 | | 192.0.2.34 |
| (isatap) | | (isatap) |
| Host C | | Host D |
+--------------+ +--------------+
.-(::::::::) 2001:db8:1::1
.-(::: IPv6 :::)-. +-------------+
(:::: Internet ::::) | IPv6 Host E |
`-(::::::::::::)-' +-------------+
`-(::::::)-'
,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,
,----|companion gateway|--.
/ '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' :
/ |.
,-' `.
; +------------+ +------------+ )
: | Router A | | Router B | /
: | (isatap) | | (isatap) | :
: | 192.0.2.17 | | 192.0.2.33 | ;
+ +------------+ +------------+ \
fe80::*:192.0.2.17 fe80::*:192.0.2.33
2001:db8:0:1::/64 2001:db8:0:2::/64
| ;
: IPv4 Site -+-'
`-. (PRL: 192.0.2.1) .)
\ _)
`-----+--------)----+'----'
fe80::*:192.0.2.18 fe80::*:192.0.2.34
2001:db8:0:1::*:192.0.2.18 2001:db8:0:2::*:192.0.2.34
+--------------+ +--------------+
| 192.0.2.18 | | 192.0.2.34 |
| (isatap) | | (isatap) |
| Host C | | Host D |
+--------------+ +--------------+
UPnP IGD-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| IGD |
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddAnyPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|------------------------>| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| |---------------------------->|
| | |
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | Assigned External Port=6598 |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) AddAnyPortMapping() | |
| ReservedPort=6598 | |
|<------------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | |
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | Assigned External Port=8080 |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|<-----------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=8080 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (2) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=8080 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (3) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (4) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
| (5) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=5485 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (6) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=5485 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (7) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (8) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
....
| (a) AddPortMapping() | |
| ExternalPort=6591 | |
|----------------------->| |
| | (b) PCP MAP Request |
| |Suggested External Port=6591 |
| | PREFER_FAILURE |
| |---------------------------->|
| | (c) PCP MAP Response |
| | CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL |
| |<----------------------------|
| (d) Error: | |
| ConflictInMappingEntry | |
|<-----------------------| |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMapping() | |
|------------------------>| |
| | |
| (2) Error: | |
| NoSuchEntryInArray | |
|<------------------------| |
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMappingRange() | |
| StartPort=8596 | |
| EndPort =9000 | |
| Protocol =UDP | |
|----------------------------->| |
| | |
| (2) Error: | |
| PortMappingNotFound | |
|<-----------------------------| |
| | |
UPnP-PCP
UPnP Control Interworking
Point Function PCP Server
| | |
| (1) DeletePortMappingRange() | |
| StartPort=6000 | |
| EndPort =6050 | |
| Protocol =UDP | |
|----------------------------->| |
| | |
| | (2a) PCP MAP Request |
| | Protocol=UDP |
| | internal-ip-address |
| | internal-port |
| | external-ip-address |
| | external-port=6030 |
| | Requested-lifetime=0 |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| | (2b) PCP MAP Request |
| | Protocol=UDP |
| | internal-ip-address |
| | internal-port |
| | external-ip-address |
| | external-port=6045 |
| | Requested-lifetime=0 |
| |------------------------->|
| | |
| (3) Positive answer | |
|<-----------------------------| |
| | |
+-----------------+
| |
| (S) --------> (R) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R) --------> (D) |
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+-----------------+
| |
(S) --------> (R1) -----------> (R2) --------> (D)
| |
+-----------------+
Routing Domain
+------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +--------------------------------+ |
| | Tracker | |
| +--------------------------------+ |
| | ^ ^ |
|Tracker | | Tracker |Tracker |
|Protocol| | Protocol |Protocol |
| | | | |
| V | | |
| +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | Peer |<----------->| Peer | |
| +---------+ Protocol +---------+ |
| | ^ |
| | |Peer |
| | |Protocol |
| V | |
| +---------------+ |
| | Peer | |
| +---------------+ |
| |
| |
+------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +------------------+ |
| +------------>| A's Tracker |<----------+ |
| | +------------------+ | |
| Tracker| ^ ^ | |
| Protocol| Tracker| |Tracker |Tracker |
| | Protocol| |Protocol |Protocol |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| | B's |<------->| B's | | C's | | C's | |
| | SN1 |Protocol | SN2 | | SN1 | | SN2 | |
| +------+ +------+ +------+ +------+ |
| ^ ^ ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| | | Peer Protocol Peer Protocol| | |
| Peer | +-------------+ +--------------+ |Peer |
| Protocol| | | |Protocol|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | A's |<------> | B's | |A's |<------> |C's | |
| | User1|Protocol | User2| | User1 |Protocol | User3 | |
| +------+ +------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| +-------------+ +--------------+ |
| +----->| A's Tracker | | B's Tracker |<---+ |
| | +-------------+ +--------------+ | |
| Tracker| ^ ^ ^ ^ | |
| Protocol| Tracker| |Tracker | |Tracker |Tracker |
| | Protocol| |Protocol| |Protocol |Protocol|
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| v v | | v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+| | +------+Internal+------+ |
| | CDN |<------>| CDN || | | CDN |<-----> | CDN | |
| | Node1|Protocol| Node2|| | | Node3|Protocol| Node4| |
| +------+ +------+| | +------+ +------+ |
| ^ ^ | | ^ ^ |
| | | | | | | |
| | | Peer Protocol | | HTTP | | |
| Peer | +-------------+ | | +------+ |Peer |
| Protocol| | | | | Protocol |Protocol|
| | | +-+ | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| v v v v v v |
| +------+ Peer +------+ +---------+ Peer +---------+ |
| | A's |<------> | A's | |B's |<------> |B's | |
| | User1|Protocol | User2| | User3 |Protocol | User4 | |
| +------+ +------+ +---------+ +---------+ |
| |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +---------+ Tracker Protocol |
| +-------------> | Tracker |<------------------+ |
| | +---------+ | |
| | ^ | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| V | V |
| +------+ | +------------+ |
| | STB | Tracker Protocol |Mobile Phone| |
| +------+ | +------------+ |
| ^ | ^ |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | V | |
| |Peer Protocol +---------+ Peer Protocol | |
| +-------------> | PC |<------------------+ |
| +---------+ |
| |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +---------+ |
| +----------------> | Tracker | |
| | +---------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | | Tracker Protocol |
| | | |
| | | |
| | +---------|-------------------------------------|
| | | V |
| | | +---------+ |
| | +----------|---> | Cache |<-------------------+ |
| | | | +---------+ Tracker/Peer| |
| | | Peer | Protocol | |
| | | Protocol | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| V V | V |
| +-----------+ | ISP Domain +------------+ |
| | External | | | Inside | |
| | Peer | | | Peer | |
| +-----------+ | +------------+ |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Tracker Protocol +--------+ |
| +----------------> | Tracker| |
| | +--------+ |
| | ^ |
| | | |
| | | Tracker Protocol |
| | | |
| | +---------|------------------------------------|
| | | V |
| | | +--------+ |
| | +----------|---> | PPSP |<------------------+ |
| | | | | Proxy | DLNA | |
| | | Peer | +--------+ Protocol | |
| | | Protocol| | |
| | | | | |
| V V | V |
| +-----------+ | Home Domain +-----------+ |
| | External | | |DLNA Pres.| |
| | Peer | | |Devices | |
| +-----------+ | +-----------+ |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
___ ######## ___ ######## ___
======>/LSR\********/LSR\***XX***/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/ \_F_/
*@ #*@
*@ #*@
*@ #*@
_*@ ___ #*@
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
======>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_B_/########\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ @*
*@ @*
*@ @*
_*@ ___ @*_
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
=====>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\======>
\_B_/########\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ @*
*@ @*
*@ @*
_*@ ___ @*_
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ *@
*@ *@
*@ *@
_*@ ___ _*@
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
*@ *#
*@ *#
*@ *#
_*@ ___ _*#
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
___ ++++++++ ___ ___
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_B_/@@@@@@@@\_A_/########\_F_/
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ +*$
$+*@ ++++++++ ___ ++++++++ +*$
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_C_/@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@\_E_/
$$$$$$$$ $$$$$$$$
|
|
V Ingress
___ _V_ ___
/LSR\ /LSR\**************/LSR\
<@@\_F_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_A_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_B_/
@ * *
@ * *
@ * XXXX Failure
@ * *
@_* ___ __*
/LSR\*************/LSR\**************/LSR\
\_E_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_D_/@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\_C_/
@ @
@ @
V V
^ ^ ^
_|_ _|_ _|_
----->/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_A_/========\_B_/========\_C_/
+* <+++++++++*||
+* +*||
+* +*||
+* +*||
+*_ ++++++++ ___ +++++++++*||
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\
\_F_/<=======\_E_/========\_D_/
| | |
V V V
^ ^ ^ ^
^ ^ ^ ^
___ xxxxxxxxx_+_ xxxxxxxxxX+_xxxxxxxxxX+_ xxxxxxxx_+_
xxxxx>/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\*******/LSR\*******/LSR\
\_B_/========\_C_/========\_D_/=======\_E_/=======\_F_/
*+ <+++++++++ +++++++ ++++++++*||x
*+ +*||x
*+ +*||x
*+ +*||x
_*++++++++++ ___ +++++++++___ ++++++++___+++++++++*||x
/LSR\********/LSR\********/LSR\*******/LSR\*******/LSR\
\_A_/<=======\_K_/========\_J_/=======\_H_/=======\_G_/
+ + + +Xxxxxxxxxx +
v v v v v
v v v v v
1
X-------------/-------------Y
| |
| |
| |
| |
1 | | 1
| |
| |
| |
| |
S---------------------------R
2
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server |
| | | Relay)| | |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|---Solicit---------------->| |
| |---Access-Request---------->|
|<--Access-Accept------------|
| (e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name)|
....
| +-------+
| |DHCPv6 |
| |Server |
| | |
| +-------+
| |
|---Relay-Forward----------->|
| (RSOO(OPTION_AFTR_NAME)) |
| |
| |<--Relay-Reply--------------|
|<--Advertise---------------| (e.g., OPTION_AFTR_NAME) |
| (e.g., OPTION_AFTR_NAME) |
....
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server/|
| | | Relay)| | DAC |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|<-----CoA-Request-----------|
|(e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
|------CoA-Ack-------------->|
....
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|DHCPv6 | | NAS | |Radius |
|Client | |(DHCPv6| |Server/|
| | | Relay)| | DAC |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |
|<-----CoA-Request-----------|
|(e.g., DS-Lite-Tunnel-Name) |
| |
|------CoA-Ack-------------->|
....
| +-------+
| |DHCPv6 |
| |Server |
| | |
| +-------+
| |
|---Reconfigure-Request----->|
|<--Reconfigure-Reply--------|
| |
| |<--Relay-Reply -------------|
|<--Reconfigure-------------| (Reconfigure) |
| | |
....
A
| Bp is the address to use to get
| a packet to B not via P
|
S----------P----------B. . . . . . . . . .D
\ | Bp^
\ | |
\ | |
\ C |
\ |
X-------Y-------Z
Repair to Bp
X X X
| | |
| | |
| Sp |Pb |
Z...............S----------P----------B...............Y
Ps|Pc Bp
|
Cp|
C
a Ps a Dp
S----------P---------D
| | |
| a | |
A----------B |
| | |
| | |
C----------E---------F
a Ps a Dg
S----------P---------G--------D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----------B | |
| | | |
| | | |
C----------E---------F--------H
ab Ps a Dg
S----------P---------G--------D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----------B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----------E---------F--------H
| |
| |
J----------K
ab Ps a Dg
S----/-----P---------G---/----D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----/-----B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----/-----E---------F---/----H
| |
| |
J----------K
ab Ps a Dg
S----/-----P---------G---/----D
| | | |
| a | | |
A----/-----B | |
| | | |
| b | | b |
C----------E---------F--------H
| |
| |
J----------K
+--------------Q------C
|
|
|
A--------S-------(N)-------------P------B
|
|
|
+--------------R------D
Ql Cl
+-------------Q--------C
| Qc
|
As Sl | Pl Bl
A--------S-------(N)------------P--------B
Sa | Pb
|
| Rl Dl
+-------------R--------D
Rd
Qs Qp Qc Cqn
+--------------Q---------C
| Qr Qn Cq
|
Asn Sa Sp Sq | Ps Pq Pb Bpn
A--------S-------(N)-------------P---------B
As Sr Sn | Pr Pn Bp
|
| Rs Rp Pd Drn
+--------------R---------D
Rq Rn Dr
A------//------B------------X------//------Y------D
| | | |
| | | |
M--------------+ N--------------+
/\/\/\/\/\
\Internet/
/ \
\/\/\/\/\/
|
|(ADSL)
|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| LAN (10.20.0.0/24) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
|.222 |.230 |.221 |.179 |.231 |.220
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +---------+
| CE | | CE | | | | | | | | Protocol|
|ZJSU | | NTT | | FE1 |.1 .2| FE |.1 .2| FE2 | | Analyzer|
+-----+ +-----+ |ZJSU |---------| NTT |---------|ZJSU | +---------+
+---------| |192.169. | | 192.168.| |------+
| .2 +-----+ 20.0.24 +-----+ 30.0/24+-----+ .2 |
| .12| |.12 |
| | | |
192.168.50.0/24 | |192.168.60.0/24
| 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.40.0/24 |
.1 | |.11 |.11 |.1
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+ +--------+
|Terminal| | SmartBits | |Terminal|
+--------+ +--------------------------------------+ +--------+
/\/\/\/\/\
\Internet/
/ \
\/\/\/\/\/
|
|(VPN)
|
+------------------------------------+
| LAN |
+------------------------------------+
| | |
| | |
+------+ +--------+ +------+
| FE | |Protocol| | CE |
| UoP | |Analyzer| | UoP |
+------+ +--------+ +------+
+------+
| CE |
| ZJSU |
+------+
^ | ^
OSPF | | | OSPF
<-----+ | +----->
+-------+ +------+ +------+
+--------+ | OSPF | | FE | | OSPF | +--------+
|Terminal|----|Router |----| NTT |-----|Router|--|Terminal|
+--------+ +-------+ +------+ +------+ +--------+
<-------------------------------------------->
Packet Forwarding
(b)
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ... |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ...
+--------
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ExID |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| option contents...
+--------+--------+--------+---
0 1 2 3
01234567 89012345 67890123 45678901
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Kind | Length | ExID |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| ExID (con't) | option contents...
+--------+--------+--------+---